CN107238864A - The seismic wave energy time-frequency compensation method constrained based on dominant frequency band - Google Patents
The seismic wave energy time-frequency compensation method constrained based on dominant frequency band Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of seismic wave energy time-frequency compensation method constrained based on dominant frequency band, is comprised the following steps：Step 1：In pending earthquake single-shot data, representative single shot record is chosen based on energy, frequency and signal to noise ratio；Step 2：Spectrum analysis is carried out for selected representative single shot record, the major frequency components section of frequency band is marked, major frequency components section is defined as dominant frequency band；Step 3：Frequency weighting filtering process is carried out for all single shot records in dominant frequency band, the single shot record x after being handled after filtering in time-domain is obtainedij(t)；Step 4：To single shot record xij(t) energy compensating is carried out.The present invention is weighted filtering process to the dominant frequency band of all input data, strengthens the dominant frequency of data, suppress invalid information on the basis of analysis seismic data dominant frequency band.After line frequency reinforcement processing is entered, processing is compensated to all data using time-frequency domain energy compensation process, to strengthen the seismic energy composition of mid-deep strata, the imaging effect of mid-deep strata is improved.
Description
Technical field
This disclosure relates to oil-gas seismic exploration field, it is more particularly to a kind of constrained based on dominant frequency band seismic wave energy when
Frequency compensation method.
Background technology
Seismic prospecting high speed stratum, which can be shielded down, covers seismic energy so that deep layer lineups image blur, amplitude distortion,
Reduce image quality.Time-frequency domain energy compensation process is the most frequently used energy compensation process, this method consider energy and time,
Frequency and the multirelation in space, each frequency range attenuation by absorption function is fitted by Time-frequency Decomposition, is carried out in time-frequency domain effective
Energy compensating, so as to improve compensation accuracy, reduce error, enhancing geology image quality.In oil-gas seismic exploration, for ground
The effective energy compensation of shake data, many scholars have made numerous studies for different methods, and the effect of various methods is in the presence of poor
Different, energy compensation process main at present includes following several：
(1) spherical diffusion compensation method
Seismic wave is during underground propagation, and because wavefront diffusion causes seismic energy constantly to decay, propagation distance is more remote,
Decay is more serious, causes the signal that wave detector is received truly to reflect underground medium situation.Only eliminate these factors
Influence, could really reflect that subsurface lithologic changes.In order that seismic amplitude can preferably reflect the lithology of underground medium,
Spherical diffusion amplitude compensation technology is used in processes, and spherical diffusion compensation is primarily directed to indulging for being caused by spherical diffusion factor
Upward capacity volume variance is compensated, and it is kept the only amplitude relevant with subsurface reflective boundary reflectance factor.This method
Be it is conventional be also necessary compensation method.
(2) earth surface consistency vibration amplitude compensation method
Earth surface consistency vibration amplitude compensation is to eliminate different shot points, different geophone stations and difference partially in earth's surface-consistent mode
Move away from caused amplitude energy difference, the amplitude of geological data is reached equilibrium.Its processing procedure be calculate first each shot point,
The mean amplitude of tide of geophone station, offset distance and CMP, then calculating makes each amplitude reach the benefit needed for mean amplitude of tide energy
The amount of repaying, is compensated, and this process is repeated, untill precision reaches requirement., can be effective by earth surface consistency vibration amplitude compensation
Ground eliminates the improper capacity volume variance between each big gun, road, amplitude is reached relative equilibrium, fidelity.Now, the sky of seismic amplitude
Between change can truly reflect the spatial variations situation of subsurface lithologic.
(3) residual amplitude compensation method
After a series of processing of energy compensatings, the amplitude of seismic data has all recovered uniformity substantially, but also has portion less
Divide and there is remaining capacity volume variance, these problems are solved using the compensation of prestack residual amplitude.Implement is in CMP domains and offset distance
Domain carries out energy statisticses to pre-stack data, and the compensating factor in each road is sought out according to energy statisticses result, each using the factor pair
Road is compensated, so as to reach the purpose of dump energy compensation.
The above method is all the conventional method of energy compensating, is that conventional treatment is indispensable, but also all have
Respective limitation：Spherical diffusion compensation method is only compensated the spherical diffusion energy loss in communication process, right
When the change of near surface geologic lithology has space and time difference, there is compensation not foot phenomenon；Earth surface consistency vibration amplitude compensation method master
Data region ground gentle, the earth's surface discrepancy in elevation or the less regional data of Lithology difference relatively are applied to, applicability is deposited
In limitation；Residual amplitude compensation method is carried out only in mixed precipitate, it is impossible to the problem of solving spatial domain, to use pair
As requiring strict.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the disclosure is to provide a kind of seismic wave energy time-frequency compensation method constrained based on dominant frequency band, and it is directed to
The loss of effective components that the earth is absorbed during seismic data acquisition and other many factors are caused, causes the imaging of mid-deep strata data bad
Not high phenomenon, is compensated from dominant frequency band to effective energy with precision, improves the imaging effect of seismic data.
The disclosure uses solution below：
1st, a kind of seismic wave energy time-frequency compensation method constrained based on dominant frequency band, is comprised the following steps：
Step 1：In pending earthquake single-shot data, representative single-shot note is chosen based on energy, frequency and signal to noise ratio
Record；
Step 2：Spectrum analysis is carried out for selected representative single shot record, the major frequency components section of frequency band is marked, will
The major frequency components section is defined as dominant frequency band；
Step 3：Frequency weighting filtering process is carried out for all single shot records in the dominant frequency band, time-domain is obtained
Single shot record x after inside handling after filteringij(t)；
Step 4：To the single shot record xij(t) energy compensating is carried out, wherein carrying out energy compensating by following steps：
Step 41：To the single shot record xij(t) Time-frequency Decomposition, the single shot record X after being divided are carried outij(t,fk)；
Step 42：It is fitted attenuation by absorption function；
Step 43：Based on the attenuation by absorption function, to the single shot record X after the frequency dividingij(t,fk) carry out energy benefit
Repay.
Preferably, the step 3 comprises the following steps：
Step 31：By the single shot record in time-domainBe converted to the single shot record in frequency domainWherein,
Single shot record in time-domainIt is expressed as the single shot record in formula (1), frequency domainIt is expressed as formula (2)：
Wherein, j is big gun collection number, and i is detection period, rij(t) reflectance factor in time-domain, w are representedij(t) time is represented
Aseisimc design wavelet in domain, Rij(f) reflectance factor in time-domain, W are representedij(f) aseisimc design in time-domain is represented
Ripple；
Step 32：According to formula (3) to the single shot record in the frequency domainCarry out frequency weighting filtering process：
Wherein, Xij(f) single shot record in frequency domain after filtering is represented, H (f) represents frequency weighting filter；
Step 33：By single shot record X after filteringij(f) time-domain is transformed to, list after filtering in time-domain is obtained
Big gun records xij(t)。
Preferably, according to formula (4) to the single shot record xij(t) Time-frequency Decomposition is carried out：
Xij(t,fk)=xij(t)*v(t,fk) (4)
Wherein, Xij(t,fk) represent the single shot record after frequency dividing, xij(t) single shot record in time-domain, v (t, f are representedk)
Represent cosine filtering frequency dividing function.
Preferably, according to the attenuation by absorption coefficient of formula (5) the representative single-shot：
Wherein, ε represents the energy statisticses of the representative single-shot, and A is amplitude, Xim(t,fk) it is the representativeness for passing through frequency dividing
Single shot record, αm(t,fk) for the attenuation by absorption coefficient of representative single-shot.
It is preferably based on the attenuation by absorption factor alpha of the representative single-shotm(t,fk) the fitting attenuation by absorption function.
Preferably, according to formula (6) to the single shot record X after frequency dividingij(t,fk) carry out energy compensating：
Wherein, X 'ij(t,fk) represent the single shot record after energy compensating, αm(t,fk) be the representative single-shot absorption
Attenuation coefficient, aj(t,fk) be jth big gun attenuation by absorption coefficient.
It is preferably based on the attenuation by absorption coefficient a that the attenuation by absorption function determines jth big gunj(t,fk)。
Preferably, methods described also includes entering line frequency to the representative single shot record handled by the step 1 to step 4
Rate is analyzed.
The beneficial effect of the disclosure is on the basis of analysis seismic data dominant frequency band, to the advantage of all input data
Frequency band is weighted filtering process, strengthens the dominant frequency of data, suppresses invalid information.After line frequency reinforcement processing is entered, profit
Used time frequency domain energy compensation method compensates processing to all data, to strengthen the seismic energy composition of mid-deep strata, in raising
The imaging effect of deep layer.
Using the seismic wave energy time-frequency compensation method constrained based on dominant frequency band, it can effectively compensate for greatly being absorbed
Or the seismic wave active ingredient of decay, so as to obtain the migrated seismic section of degree of precision.This method compensation effect is good, calculate effect
Rate is high, is a kind of effective seismic data energy compensating means.
Brief description of the drawings
By the way that disclosure exemplary embodiment is described in more detail with reference to accompanying drawing, the disclosure it is above-mentioned and other
Purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein, in disclosure exemplary embodiment, identical reference number is usual
Represent same parts.
Fig. 1 shows the seismic wave energy time-frequency compensation method that is constrained according to exemplary embodiment based on dominant frequency band
Flow chart；
Fig. 2 a show the original single-shot data in the first example, and Fig. 2 b are shown after existing spherical diffusion compensation
Single-shot data, Fig. 2 c show the single-shot data after the compensation deals according to exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 3 a show the stacked section view after routinely compensation in the first example, and Fig. 3 b are shown to be shown by basis
Stacked section view after the compensation deals of example property embodiment；
Fig. 4 a show the cross section view after conventional treatment in the second example, and Fig. 4 b are shown by according to exemplary
Cross section view after the compensation deals of embodiment；And
Fig. 5 a show the cross section view before compensation deals in the 3rd example, and Fig. 5 b are shown using according to exemplary reality
Apply the cross section view after the compensation deals of example.
Embodiment
Preferred embodiment of the present disclosure is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the disclosure in accompanying drawing
Preferred embodiment, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without that should be limited by embodiments set forth here
System.On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure is more thorough and complete, and can be complete by the scope of the present disclosure
Ground conveys to those skilled in the art.
Seismic wave is received through exciting in underground propagation in seismic prospecting, and experience earth's surface, the absorption of near surface low velocity layer decline
Subtract and communication process in wavefront diffusion, stratum media absorption, geological interface reflection, the reflection of high speed stratum, many subwaves etc. it is each
The interference of various interference ripples from earth's surface and space when planting the interference, also ground receiver of interference ripple, these, which are interfered, causes ground
The energy deep fades of seismic wave, cause down the seismic data quality for covering stratum to be deteriorated, have impact on the precision of imaging of seismic data.
For problem above, the disclosure proposes a kind of seismic wave energy time-frequency compensation method constrained based on dominant frequency band,
It comprises the following steps, and the flow chart of this method is as shown in Figure 1：
Step 1：Choose representative single shot record
Multiple (such as 3 to 5) representative single shot record, representative single-shot are chosen in pending earthquake single-shot data
Record is the higher representative single shot record of effective energy strong, frequency richness, signal to noise ratio, is convenient for spectrum analysis.
Actually perform when, those skilled in the art can according to existing experience, representative single shot record is chosen for specific landform.
Step 2：Determine dominant frequency band
Spectrum analysis is carried out to the representative single shot record of selection, the frequency of multiple single shot records is shown using spectral enveloping line
The variable condition of rate scope and envelope, marks the major frequency components section of frequency band, major frequency components section is defined as into dominant frequency band.
Generally, according to the minus 18 decibels major frequency components for marking frequency band sections.
Step 3：Frequency weighting filtering process
All earthquake single-shot data are carried out at frequency weighting filtering by the dominant frequency band based on determination in dominant frequency band
Reason, so that strengthen the dominant frequency of data, relative compacting invalid information.Specifically, the frequency weighting of zero phase can be applied
Wave filter H (f), under the conditions of keeping seismic data distortionless, the amplitude of appropriate regulation dominant frequency band strengthens signal energy,
To reach the purpose for improving dominant frequency band.That is, wave filter does not eliminate aseisimc design wavelet, the energy of signal is simply improved
Amount.Those skilled in the art can select appropriate frequency weighting filter H (f) as needed.
The process for being weighted filtering process to all earthquake single-shot data in dominant frequency band is as follows：
In time-domain, single shot record is expressed as formula (1)：
Wherein,The single shot record in time-domain is represented, j is big gun collection number, and i is detection period, rij(t) time is represented
Reflectance factor in domain, wij(t) the aseisimc design wavelet in time-domain is represented.
Formula (1) is transformed into frequency domain, the single shot record in frequency domain can be obtained, formula (2) is expressed as：
Wherein,Represent the single shot record in frequency domain, Rij(f) reflectance factor in time-domain, W are representedij(f) table
Show the aseisimc design wavelet in time-domain.
According to formula (3), applying frequency weighting filter H (f) is to the single shot record in frequency domainEnter line frequency
Weighted filtering is handled：
Wherein, Xij(f) single shot record in frequency domain after filtering is represented.
Finally, by filtered single shot record Xij(f) time-domain is transformed to, single-shot note after filtering in time-domain is obtained
Record xij(t)。
Step 4：Energy compensating processing
After frequency weighting processing is carried out, the active ingredient enhancing of geological data, signal to noise ratio is relative to be improved.Next, sharp
Used time frequency domain energy compensation method compensates processing to all earthquake single shot records, to strengthen the earthquake of the mid-deep strata in record
Energy ingredient, improves the imaging effect of mid-deep strata.
Energy compensating processing is carried out to earthquake single shot record to comprise the following steps：
Step 41：Time-frequency Decomposition
Using cosine function in frequency domain construction cosine frequency-division filter function, according to below equation (4) to single shot record xij
(t) scaling down processing is carried out：
Xij(t,fk)=xij(t)*v(t,fk) (4)
Wherein, Xij(t,fk) represent the single shot record after frequency dividing, xij(t) single shot record in time-domain, v (t, f are representedk)
Represent cosine filtering frequency dividing function.
Step 42：It is fitted attenuation by absorption function
Assuming that attenuation by earth absorption macroscopic view in three-dimensional work area is stable, the attenuation by absorption of other spatial high-frequency changes is
Caused by near surface change, then it can pass through the representative single shot record (also referred to as model big gun data) previously chosen and every big gun
The spatial high-frequency difference of statistic compensation amplitude curve between data compensates excitation energy quantitative change in space caused by near surface factor
Change.The energy statisticses of representative single-shot can be expressed as formula (5)：
Wherein, ε represents the energy statisticses of representative single-shot, and A is amplitude, Xim(t,fk) it is the representative single-shot for passing through frequency dividing
Record, αm(t,fk) for the attenuation by absorption coefficient of representative single-shot.
In formula (5), the energy statisticses ε of representative single-shot can count calculating by the amplitude of representative single-shot and obtain,
So as to which the attenuation by absorption factor alpha of representative single-shot can be extrapolated by formula (5)m(t,fk).By the suction of multiple representative single-shots
Receive attenuation coefficient to be fitted, the reference attenuation by absorption coefficient curve in whole work area can be obtained.Reference based on the fitting is inhaled
Attenuation coefficient curve is received, according to position of any single-shot in work area, it may be determined that the attenuation by absorption coefficient a of any single-shotj(t,
fk)。
When area is larger in work area, work area first can be divided into several blocks, be then based on the representative single-shot in block
It is fitted the reference attenuation by absorption coefficient curve in block.Further according to the reference attenuation by absorption coefficient curve in block, the area is calculated
The attenuation by absorption coefficient of any single-shot, can so improve the accuracy of calculating in block.
Step 43：Energy compensating
According to below equation (6), in time, frequency and spatial domain to the single shot record X after frequency dividingij(t,fk) carry out energy
Compensation：
Wherein, X 'ij(t,fk) represent the single shot record after energy compensating, αm(t,fk) for the attenuation by absorption of representative single-shot
Coefficient, aj(t,fk) for the attenuation by absorption coefficient of processed jth big gun.
Step 5：Frequency analysis
In the preferred case, frequency analysis can be carried out to the representative single shot record after above-mentioned processing, if its
Frequency range before processing substantially with being approached, and the energy of advantage frequency range is strengthened, without others bad phenomenon in record, then it is assumed that
Above-mentioned processing can reach processing requirement, can be with the data of all single shot records of output data.
Using example 1
Fig. 2 shows the compensation result comparison diagram of the first example, and wherein Fig. 2 a show the original single-shot data of the first example,
Fig. 2 b show the single-shot data after existing spherical diffusion compensation, and Fig. 2 c displays are by the compensation according to exemplary embodiment
Single-shot data after processing.Comparison diagram 2b and Fig. 2 c can be seen that the data medium and deep amplitude energy after spherical diffusion compensation and obtains
Compensation has been arrived, but still there is energy unbalanced phenomena spatially.And pass through the compensation deals according to exemplary embodiment
Single-shot data medium and deep energy afterwards is strengthened, and compartment equalization degree is improved, and is conducive to the series of processes in later stage.
Fig. 3 shows the stacked section effect contrast figure of the first example, and wherein Fig. 3 a show the superposition after routinely compensation
Section, Fig. 3 b show the stacked section after the compensation deals according to exemplary embodiment.Comparison diagram 3a and Fig. 3 b can be seen
Go out, after the compensation method according to exemplary embodiment, the formation imaging of stacked section medium and deep has obtained preferably strengthening,
The geologic interpretation in later stage is conducive to study.
Using example 2
Certain oil field igneous rock development exploratory area, stratum generates huge reflected energy shielding to seismic wave, absorbed during exploration
And attenuation, cause the seismic data quality of igneous rock interlayer and underlying strata to be deteriorated, constrain to igneous hydrocarbon reservoir
Exploration progress.
Handled using the target imaging according to the method for exemplary embodiment for igneous rock, Feature of Igneous Rock understands, fire
Constructed under diagenesis than more visible, further implemented the regularity of distribution of igneous rock, it was found that multiple Yin'gen basins, accelerate this
The exploration progress in area.
Fig. 4 shows the section effect contrast figure of the example, and wherein Fig. 4 a show the cross section view after conventional treatment, figure
4b shows the cross section view after the compensation deals according to exemplary embodiment.This it appears that using disclosed method
Section after processing is clear in the imaging of medium and deep geology, and construction is obvious, it is easy to which Fine structural interpretation is studied.
Using example 3
Certain western oily area is explored.Fig. 5 a displays are using the section before the compensation deals according to exemplary embodiment
View, Fig. 5 b displays are using the cross section view after the compensation deals according to exemplary embodiment.
By contrast as can be seen that after disclosed method is handled, section medium and deep master stratum is complete, reflection is special
Levy than more visible, Carboniferous System inside story rupture System obtained it is a certain degree of portray, mature fault and Distribution Characteristics are clearer.
Screen imaging, which has, compared with conventional method, in the Carboniferous System largely improves.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is a kind of embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, in this hair
On the basis of bright principle disclosed, it is easy to make various types of improvement or deformation, the present invention is not limited solely to above-mentioned specific
The description of embodiment, therefore description above is simply preferred, and not restrictive meaning.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of seismic wave energy time-frequency compensation method constrained based on dominant frequency band, is comprised the following steps：
Step 1：In pending earthquake single-shot data, representative single shot record is chosen based on energy, frequency and signal to noise ratio；
Step 2：Spectrum analysis is carried out for selected representative single shot record, the major frequency components section of frequency band is marked, will be described
Major frequency components section is defined as dominant frequency band；
Step 3：Frequency weighting filtering process is carried out for all single shot records in the dominant frequency band, warp in time-domain is obtained
The single shot record x crossed after filtering processij(t)；
Step 4：To the single shot record xij(t) energy compensating is carried out, wherein carrying out energy compensating by following steps：
Step 41：To the single shot record xij(t) Time-frequency Decomposition, the single shot record X after being divided are carried outij(t,fk)；
Step 42：It is fitted attenuation by absorption function；
Step 43：Based on the attenuation by absorption function, to the single shot record X after the frequency dividingij(t,fk) carry out energy compensating.
2. the seismic wave energy time-frequency compensation method according to claim 1 constrained based on dominant frequency band, wherein the step
Rapid 3 comprise the following steps：
Step 31：By the single shot record in time-domainBe converted to the single shot record in frequency domainWherein, time-domain
Interior single shot recordIt is expressed as the single shot record in formula (1), frequency domainIt is expressed as formula (2)：
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Wherein, j is big gun collection number, and i is detection period, rij(t) reflectance factor in time-domain, w are representedij(t) represent in time-domain
Aseisimc design wavelet, Rij(f) reflectance factor in time-domain, W are representedij(f) the aseisimc design wavelet in time-domain is represented；
Step 32：According to formula (3) to the single shot record in the frequency domainCarry out frequency weighting filtering process：
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</mrow>
Wherein, Xij(f) single shot record in frequency domain after filtering is represented, H (f) represents frequency weighting filter；
Step 33：By single shot record X after filteringij(f) time-domain is transformed to, single-shot note after filtering in time-domain is obtained
Record xij(t)。
3. the seismic wave energy time-frequency compensation method according to claim 1 constrained based on dominant frequency band, wherein according to public affairs
Formula (4) is to the single shot record xij(t) Time-frequency Decomposition is carried out：
Xij(t,fk)=xij(t)*v(t,fk) (4)
Wherein, Xij(t,fk) represent the single shot record after frequency dividing, xij(t) single shot record in time-domain, v (t, f are representedk) represent
Cosine filtering frequency dividing function.
4. the seismic wave energy time-frequency compensation method according to claim 1 constrained based on dominant frequency band, wherein according to public affairs
Formula (5) calculates the attenuation by absorption coefficient of the representative single-shot：
<mrow>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<munderover>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
</msub>
</munderover>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>{</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mi> </mi>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mi>k</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&alpha;</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mi>k</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>}</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>5</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, ε represents the energy statisticses of the representative single-shot, and A is amplitude, Xim(t,fk) it is the representative single-shot for passing through frequency dividing
Record, αm(t,fk) for the attenuation by absorption coefficient of representative single-shot.
5. the seismic wave energy time-frequency compensation method according to claim 4 constrained based on dominant frequency band, wherein based on institute
State the attenuation by absorption factor alpha of representative single-shotm(t,fk) the fitting attenuation by absorption function.
6. the seismic wave energy time-frequency compensation method according to claim 4 constrained based on dominant frequency band, wherein according to public affairs
Formula (6) is to the single shot record X after frequency dividingij(t,fk) carry out energy compensating：
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mi>k</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mi>k</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mi>k</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mi>k</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, X'ij(t,fk) represent the single shot record after energy compensating, αm(t,fk) be the representative single-shot attenuation by absorption
Coefficient, aj(t,fk) be jth big gun attenuation by absorption coefficient.
7. the seismic wave energy time-frequency compensation method according to claim 6 constrained based on dominant frequency band, wherein based on institute
State the attenuation by absorption coefficient a that attenuation by absorption function determines jth big gunj(t,fk)。
8. the seismic wave energy time-frequency compensation method according to claim 1 constrained based on dominant frequency band, in addition to warp
Cross the representative single shot record progress frequency analysis that the step 1 to step 4 is handled.
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