CN107229913A - Density of population analysis system based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height - Google Patents
Density of population analysis system based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of density of population analysis system based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height, including：Residential area extraction module, building height determining module, grid partition module, grid space computing module and density of population determining module.The application calculates the density of population respectively by the way that target area is divided into multiple grid in units of grid, more accurate compared to prior art so as to calculate population dispersal more specific in target area；In addition, the application can accurately determine the settlement place region in target area based on remotely-sensed data, so as to using settlement place as with reference to the distribution situation that the density of population is determined more accurately；Further, the application calculates the height of building according to remotely-sensed data, associating for resident living space and the density of population is set up from space angle, so as to embody the density of population difference of different height building, and then the distribution situation of the density of population can be more accurately determined.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to density of population analysis technical field, and in particular to one kind is combined based on high score satellite remote sensing date and built
Build the density of population analysis system of height.
Background technology
The density of population is the population lived on unit area soil, and it is the finger for representing the dense degree of regional population
Mark, level of economic development and urban construction level that can be for weighing a region etc., or country is grand with place
See regulation and control, urban development planning provide data supporting, in addition, accurately density of population distributed data contribute to enterprises and institutions and
Entrepreneur its make the decision-makings such as rational addressing, industrial pattern.
At present, the density of population be usually using administrative division as unit of account, such as the population of a certain counties and cities divided by
Area is the density of population as the counties and cities, and precision is very poor, and population is unknowable in the specific distribution situation of some in this county city
's.
To sum up, at present in the urgent need to a kind of higher density of population analysis system of precision.
The content of the invention
For defect of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height
Density of population analysis system, is macro adjustments and controls, the urban development rule in country and place to improve the precision of density of population calculating
Draw and data supporting is provided, and addressing for enterprises and institutions and entrepreneur and industrial pattern provide data and supported.
A kind of density of population analysis system based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height that the present invention is provided, bag
Include：Residential area extraction module, building height determining module, grid partition module, grid space computing module and the density of population are true
Cover half block；Wherein,
The Residential area extraction module, for extracting the target area according to corresponding first remotely-sensed data in target area
The settlement place region included in domain；
The building height determining module, for determining what the Residential area extraction module was extracted according to the second remotely-sensed data
The height of each building in settlement place region；
The grid partition module, for the target area to be divided into multiple grid；
Grid space computing module, for respectively according to the height of the area in settlement place region and building in each grid
Degree calculates the corresponding resident living space of each grid；
The density of population determining module, for according to the corresponding resident living space of each described grid and space population
Coefficient calculates the density of population of each grid, to determine the population dispersal of the target area, wherein, it is described
Space population coefficient is the size of population in unit resident living space.
Optionally, first remotely-sensed data include radar remote sensing data, the Residential area extraction module, including：
Radar data Residential area extraction unit, for special to the reflection of radar signal and scattering based on different types of ground objects
Property, settlement place region is extracted from the target area according to the corresponding radar remote sensing data in target area.
Optionally, first remotely-sensed data include Multi-spectral Remote Sensing Data, the Residential area extraction module, including：
Multispectral data Residential area extraction unit, for based on difference of the different types of ground objects to different-waveband spectral reflectivity
It is different, settlement place region is extracted from the target area according to the corresponding Multi-spectral Remote Sensing Data in target area.
Optionally, the multispectral data Residential area extraction unit, including：
Terrain classification subelement, for type of ground objects to be divided into blue top building, red top building, cement top building
Thing, bare area, lake, river, farmland and forest land；Wherein, blue top building, red top building, cement top building belong to settlement place；
Atural object determines scheduling subelement, right for according to division result of the terrain classification subelement to type of ground objects
Belong to the type of ground objects of settlement place, call following extracting index to build subelement, exponential quantity computation subunit and binaryzation respectively
Processing subelement extracts the corresponding region of type of ground objects for belonging to settlement place from the target area, obtains resident area
Domain；
Extracting index builds subelement, for according to type of ground objects to be extracted and other types of ground objects to different-waveband light
The difference of spectrum reflectivity builds the Objects extraction index that can make a distinction the type of ground objects to be extracted and other atural objects；
Exponential quantity computation subunit, for calculating the corresponding Objects extraction index of each pixel in the remotely-sensed data
Exponential quantity；
Binary conversion treatment subelement, for the exponential quantity of the Objects extraction index of each pixel to be carried out at binaryzation
Reason, and the remotely-sensed data is split according to binaryzation result, extract the corresponding region of type of ground objects to be extracted.
Optionally, second remotely-sensed data include SAR remote sensing data, the building height determining module,
Including：
Radar data building height determining unit, for according to the SAR remote sensing data, being dissipated based on backward
Penetrate model, calculated using Synthetic Aperture Radar images multipolarization information in the settlement place region that the Residential area extraction module is extracted
The height of each building.
Optionally, second remotely-sensed data includes stereogram remotely-sensed data, the building height determining module, bag
Include：
Stereogram building height determining unit, is carried for calculating the settlement place according to the stereogram remotely-sensed data
The height of each building in the settlement place region that modulus block is extracted.
Optionally, the density of population analysis system based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height, in addition to：
Space population coefficients calculation block, for multiple grid according to clear and definite resident living space and the size of population
Corresponding multigroup sample data, space population coefficient is calculated using regression algorithm.
Optionally, the density of population analysis system based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height, in addition to：
Density of population optimization module, for the corresponding relation based on nighttime light intensity and the density of population, according to night lamp
The density of population for each grid that light remotely-sensed data is calculated the density of population determining module is optimized, to optimize
State the population dispersal of target area.
Optionally, the density of population optimization module, including：
The density of population optimizes unit, excellent for being carried out according to following mathematical algorithm to the density of population of grid each described
Change：
Wherein, PiThe corresponding density of population of i-th of grid obtained after optimization is represented,Represent that the density of population is determined
Module calculates the corresponding density of population of i-th of grid obtained；LjThe corresponding intensity of light of j-th of grid is represented,Represent described
The average intensity of light of target area；PlRepresent the size of population that unit light is represented；S is regulation coefficient.
Optionally, the density of population analysis system based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height, in addition to：
Density of population distribution map generation module, will be each described for the mapping relations according to the density of population and different colours
Color corresponding with the grid density of population is filled in the corresponding position of grid, is distributed with the density of population for drawing the target area
Figure.
As shown from the above technical solution, what the present invention was provided is a kind of based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height
Density of population analysis system, including：Residential area extraction module, building height determining module, grid partition module, grid space meter
Calculate module and density of population determining module.Compared to prior art, it is described based on high score satellite remote sensing date that the application is provided
With reference to the density of population analysis system of building height, by the way that target area is divided into multiple grid, then in units of grid
The density of population in each grid is calculated respectively, and feelings are distributed so as to calculate the density of population more specific in target area
Condition is more accurate compared to prior art；On the other hand, the application, which is based on remotely-sensed data, can accurately determine target area
Settlement place region in domain, so as to using settlement place as with reference to the distribution situation that the density of population is determined more accurately；Enter one
Step, the application is set up resident from space angle and occupied by the height according to building in remotely-sensed data calculating settlement place region
Firmly space and the density of population are associated, so as to the difference of the density of population of the building that embodies different height, Jin Erneng
Enough more accurate distribution situations for determining the density of population.To sum up, based on the application can it is more accurate, accurately determine target
Population dispersal in region, so that data supporting is provided for the macro adjustments and controls in country and place, urban development planning,
And addressing for enterprises and institutions and entrepreneur and industrial pattern provide data support.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art
The accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art is briefly described.
Fig. 1 shows that one kind that first embodiment of the invention is provided is based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height
Density of population analysis system schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 shows a kind of schematic diagram of first remotely-sensed data acquisition module；
Fig. 3 shows schematic diagram of each type of ground objects to the reflectivity of different-waveband spectrum；
Fig. 4 shows a kind of schematic diagram of the building geometrical model based on backscattering model；
Fig. 5 shows some region of population dispersal design sketch provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The embodiment of technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Following examples are only used for
Clearly illustrate technical scheme, therefore be intended only as example, and the protection of the present invention can not be limited with this
Scope.
It should be noted that unless otherwise indicated, technical term or scientific terminology used in this application should be this hair
The ordinary meaning that bright one of ordinary skill in the art are understood.
The present invention provides a kind of density of population analysis system based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height.Below
Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows that one kind that first embodiment of the invention is provided is based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height
Density of population analysis system schematic diagram.As shown in figure 1, one kind that first embodiment of the invention is provided is distant based on high score satellite
The density of population analysis system of sense data combination building height includes：
Residential area extraction module 1, building height determining module 2, grid partition module 3, grid space computing module 4 and people
Mouth density determining module 5；Wherein,
The Residential area extraction module 1, for extracting the target according to corresponding first remotely-sensed data in target area
The settlement place region included in region；
The building height determining module 2, for determining that the Residential area extraction module 1 is extracted according to the second remotely-sensed data
Settlement place region in each building height；
The grid partition module 3, for the target area to be divided into multiple grid；
Grid space computing module 4, for respectively according to the area in settlement place region in each grid and building
The corresponding resident living space of each grid of high computational；
The density of population determining module 5, for according to the corresponding resident living space of each described grid and space people
Mouth coefficient calculates the density of population of each grid, to determine the population dispersal of the target area, wherein, institute
It is the size of population in unit resident living space to state space population coefficient.
Type of ground objects is the classification of the different demarcation according to mulching material, can flexibly be divided according to the actual requirements, example
Such as, according to reflection characteristic of the mulching material to different-waveband light, mulching material can be divided into blue top building, red
Push up building, cement top building, bare area, lake, river, farmland and forest land etc.；The application analysis is dividing for the density of population
Cloth situation, because population is distributed mainly on settlement place, therefore, the application needs to be extracted from target area according to remotely-sensed data
Settlement place region, in above-mentioned type of ground objects, indigo plant top building, red top building and cement top building can be considered as resident
Ground.
With the development of remote sensing technology and high-resolution data acquisition technique, the resolution ratio more and more higher of remotely-sensed data, number
Increasingly enriched according to type, therefore, the standard that settlement place region has been possibly realized and recognized is extracted using high-definition remote sensing data
True property more and more higher, based on this, can also must be as far as possible tiny by the grid partition, with it is more accurate, be accurately determined target
The population dispersal in region.
Because the remote sensing mode that different remote sensing satellite is used is different, the remotely-sensed data of collection may be also different, for example I
No. 3 satellites of high score of state's transmitting and the Radarsat-2 satellites of Canada's transmitting are using synthetic aperture radar collection remote sensing number
According to its data mode is radar data, and No. 5 satellites of high score and Landsat series of satellites use full spectral coverage imager etc.
Instrument gathers remotely-sensed data, and its data mode is multispectral data, and above radar remote sensing data and Multi-spectral Remote Sensing Data all may be used
For carrying out the determination of type of ground objects to target area, and then settlement place region is extracted according to type of ground objects, the present invention is real
Apply in example, the density of population analysis system based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height also includes the first remote sensing number
According to acquisition module 6, the first remotely-sensed data acquisition module 6 can be according to the work of the Residential area extraction module 1 of configuration
Principle selection obtains corresponding first remotely-sensed data, such as radar remote sensing data or Multi-spectral Remote Sensing Data.
Wherein, the type of ground objects that can more accurately determine target area using high-quality multispectral data is constituted,
So as to more accurately extract settlement place region, but because the weather such as sexual intercourse mist snow can influence the accuracy of multispectral data,
Therefore, in one embodiment that the application is provided, selected using according to weather condition using the first different remotely-sensed datas
Mode, clear sky area uses Multi-spectral Remote Sensing Data, and cloud-prone and raining area then uses radar remote sensing data, so as to be opened from data source
Begin the accuracy for ensureing subsequently to calculate to greatest extent, and embodiment is refer to Fig. 2, and it illustrates a kind of first remote sensing
The schematic diagram of data acquisition module 6, the first remotely-sensed data acquisition module 6 includes：Weather judging unit 61, radar data are obtained
Take unit 62 and multispectral data acquiring unit 63；
The weather judging unit 61 is used for according to the weather conditions of target area selection triggering radar data acquiring unit
62 obtain radar remote sensing data or the acquisition Multi-spectral Remote Sensing Data of triggering multispectral data acquiring unit 63；Specifically, can be
Multispectral data acquiring unit 63 is triggered under the conditions of bright day gas and obtains Multi-spectral Remote Sensing Data, in day gas bars such as sexual intercourse mist snow
Radar data acquiring unit 62 is triggered under part and obtains radar remote sensing data；
The radar data acquiring unit 62 is used to obtain the target area under the triggering of the weather judging unit 61
The radar remote sensing data in domain；
The multispectral data acquiring unit 63 is used to obtain the target under the triggering of the weather judging unit 61
The Multi-spectral Remote Sensing Data in region.
Wherein, the weather judging unit 61, can be advance according to weather statistics result to the basis for estimation of weather conditions
Each department and the database of common weather conditions corresponding relation are set, and the weather judging unit 61 is as needed in real time from described
Transferred in database；It can also be the weather records for transferring the target area scheduled date, determine that target area is specified according to record
The weather conditions on date；It is the change embodiment of the application, within the protection domain of the application.
According to the difference of remotely-sensed data, the Residential area extraction module 1 also carries out the extraction of data in different ways,
For example, to radar remote sensing data, due to the difference of the layout of building, material, structure and surrounding environment, in SAR image (i.e.
Radar remote sensing data) on be presented in different textural characteristics, such as city that building distribution is neat, spacing is larger between building, greatly
Mostly the neat high-rise building of flat-top, has good reflection rate using material, strong luminance area is shown as on image mostly, and
Road between building, coarse vegetation such as lawn etc., due to surface scattering, shows as dark areas, therefore, city dweller
Light and dark texture is shown as on image, similitude is smaller；Be distributed to urban residents it is relatively at random, without evident regularity, and
On image not substantially, therefore irregular speck shape is presented, similitude is larger in the regions such as road.
Therefore, in one embodiment that the application is provided, first remotely-sensed data includes radar remote sensing data, described
Residential area extraction module 1, including：
Radar data Residential area extraction unit, for special to the reflection of radar signal and scattering based on different types of ground objects
Property, settlement place region is extracted from the target area according to the corresponding radar remote sensing data in target area.
Specifically, the radar data Residential area extraction unit, can be theoretical based on variogram, the high-resolution in analysis
In rate SAR image on the basis of settlement place textural characteristics, using the Threshold based on iteration P parametric methods, to meet threshold
The pixel point of value scope is assigned to weights, poor with the variogram for increasing settlement place and non-resident ground, so as to extract settlement place, no
Higher verification and measurement ratio can only be ensured, false alarm rate can also be significantly reduced, it is above-mentioned from radar remote sensing extracting data settlement place
Technology is prior art, and the present embodiment is repeated no more, because the division of type of ground objects is different, specific embodiment also phase not to the utmost
Together, the type of ground objects that those skilled in the art can carry out change implementation accordingly to determine target area is constituted.
And for Multi-spectral Remote Sensing Data, the method that although prior art discloses the extracting section water surface, building, but hair
A person of good sense has found that its extraction accuracy, accuracy are unsatisfactory in the application, therefore, present applicant proposes more accurate, accuracy more
High mode, in one embodiment that the application is provided, first remotely-sensed data includes Multi-spectral Remote Sensing Data, the residence
People ground extraction module 1, including：
Multispectral data Residential area extraction unit, for based on difference of the different types of ground objects to different-waveband spectral reflectivity
It is different, settlement place region is extracted from the target area according to the corresponding Multi-spectral Remote Sensing Data in target area.
Specifically, in one embodiment that the application is provided, the multispectral data Residential area extraction unit, including：
Terrain classification subelement, for type of ground objects to be divided into blue top building, red top building, cement top building
Thing, bare area, lake, river, farmland and forest land；Wherein, blue top building, red top building, cement top building belong to settlement place,
For the main determination object of the embodiment of the present invention, other types of ground objects can be using universal formulation to be non-resident, due to non-resident
The size of population can consider to be zero, therefore it may only be necessary to be extracted according to the remotely-sensed data, settlement place can (other regions be straight
Connect and be defined as non-residently)；
Atural object determines scheduling subelement, right for according to division result of the terrain classification subelement to type of ground objects
Belong to the type of ground objects of settlement place, call following extracting index to build subelement, exponential quantity computation subunit and binaryzation respectively
Processing subelement extracts the corresponding region of type of ground objects for belonging to settlement place from the target area；
Extracting index builds subelement, for according to type of ground objects to be extracted and other types of ground objects to different-waveband light
The difference of spectrum reflectivity builds the Objects extraction index that can make a distinction the type of ground objects to be extracted and other atural objects；
Exponential quantity computation subunit, for calculating the corresponding Objects extraction index of each pixel in the remotely-sensed data
Exponential quantity；
Binary conversion treatment subelement, for the exponential quantity of the Objects extraction index of each pixel to be carried out at binaryzation
Reason, and the remotely-sensed data is split according to binaryzation result, the corresponding region of type of ground objects to be extracted is extracted,
Obtain settlement place region.
In the above-described embodiments, the terrain classification subelement according to different types of atural object to the anti-of different-waveband spectrum
The type of ground objects that the difference and settlement place of rate are included is penetrated, it is more careful, accurate that type of ground objects is divided into blue top building
(predominantly factory's canopy of enterprise), red top building (predominantly Hong Ding houses, are partly factory of enterprise canopy), cement top building are (main
Will be for town dweller area, road etc.), bare area, lake (man-made lake, reservoir etc.), river, farmland (vegetation) and forest land,
Because the corresponding population coefficient of different types of ground objects is different, so careful division is favorably improved the density of population finally calculated
Accuracy.
The extracting index builds subelement by relatively more each type of ground objects to the reflectivity of different-waveband spectrum, Jin Ergen
The difference of different-waveband spectral reflectivity is built according to type of ground objects to be extracted and other types of ground objects can will be to be extracted
The Objects extraction index that type of ground objects makes a distinction with other atural objects, refer to Fig. 3, it illustrates each type of ground objects to different ripples
In the schematic diagram of Duan Guangpu reflectivity, figure, wave band 2 represents blue wave band, and wave band 3 represents green light band, and wave band 4 represents feux rouges
Wave band, as seen from the figure, indigo plant top building blue wave band reflectivity apparently higher than the reflectivity of green light band, and other atural objects
Type then remain basically stable either green light band reflectivity be higher than blue wave band reflectivity, so, if calculate blue wave band
Reflectivity subtract the reflectivity of green light band, building corresponding numerical value in indigo plant top is larger positive number, and other types of ground objects
Corresponding numerical value is then negative or the positive number close to zero, accordingly can extract indigo plant top building；Using same reason
By, it is red top building and cement top building (including exposed soil) red spectral band reflectivity apparently higher than green light band reflection
Rate, and other types of ground objects are then reflectivity of the reflectivity higher than red spectral band of green light band, so, if calculating feux rouges ripple
The reflectivity of section subtracts the reflectivity of green light band, and the corresponding numerical value of red top building and cement top building (including exposed soil) is
Larger positive number, and the corresponding numerical value of other types of ground objects is then negative, accordingly can build red top building and cement top
Thing (including exposed soil) is extracted.Wherein it is possible to after blue top building is extracted, then the reflectivity based on blue wave band and green
The reflectivity of optical band extracts exposed soil, and so deduction exposed soil can extract more accurate red top building and cement top is built
Build thing.
It can ignore because exposed soil real area is less, in order to simplify calculating, the embodiment of the present invention uses and includes exposed soil
Objects extraction method is illustrative, and those skilled in the art can change implementation on the basis of the above description, enter one
Step is extracted and deducted after exposed soil, and to extract the corresponding region of more accurate type of ground objects, it is also in the protection model of the application
Within enclosing.
By taking the Objects extraction containing exposed soil as an example, the extracting index builds subelement and passes through above-mentioned calculating, you can according to each
Type of ground objects builds can make a distinction atural object to be extracted and other atural objects to the difference of different-waveband spectral reflectivity
Objects extraction index, if for example, type of ground objects to be extracted is blue top building, the extracting index builds subelement, can
With the difference according to corresponding first reflection differences of blue top building the first reflection differences corresponding with other types of ground objects, build
Below for the Objects extraction index of blue top building, wherein, first reflection differences refer to the anti-of blue wave band spectrum
Penetrate rate and the difference of the reflectivity to green light band spectrum：
In formula, NDBIB2-B3Represent the Objects extraction index for blue top building, OLI2Represent to blue wave band spectrum
Reflectivity, OLI3Represent the reflectivity to green light band spectrum.
And for example, if type of ground objects to be extracted for it is red top building and cement top building (be not easy to distinguish, can be in the lump
Extract), then the extracting index builds subelement, can be according to corresponding second reflection of red top building and cement top building
The difference of rate difference the second reflection differences corresponding with other types of ground objects, builds and is built below for red top building and cement top
The Objects extraction index of thing, wherein, second reflection differences refer to the reflectivity of red spectral band spectrum and to green light band
The difference of the reflectivity of spectrum：
In formula, NDBIB4-B3Represent the Objects extraction index for red top building and cement top building, OLI4Expression pair
The reflectivity of red spectral band spectrum, OLI3Represent the reflectivity to green light band spectrum.
Using the specific Objects extraction index of above-mentioned two, it can further amplify atural object to be extracted and other types of ground objects
The difference of the corresponding index, so as to help accurately to come out Objects extraction to be extracted in subsequent treatment, specific real
Shi Shi, can also subtract an adjusting parameter to above-mentioned formula, by larger positive number and less positive number be adjusted to positive number with
Negative, to reduce the noise produced during follow-up binary conversion treatment or error.
Accordingly, the exponential quantity of the Objects extraction index of each pixel is being carried out two by the binary conversion treatment subelement
Value is handled, and after being split according to binaryzation result to the remotely-sensed data, you can according to described for blue top building
The binary conversion treatment result of the exponential quantity of the Objects extraction index of thing extracts blue top building, is built according to described for red top
The binary conversion treatment result for building the exponential quantity of the Objects extraction index of thing and cement top building extracts red top building and water
Mud top building, so as to extract settlement place region from target area.
According to the difference of the second remotely-sensed data of use, the building height determining module 2 can be in different ways
Determine in the height of each building in settlement place region, the embodiment of the present invention, respectively with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remotely-sensed data
Illustrated with exemplified by stereogram remotely-sensed data.
In one embodiment that the application is provided, second remotely-sensed data includes SAR remote sensing data,
The building height determining module 2, including：
Radar data building height determining unit, for according to the SAR remote sensing data, being dissipated based on backward
Penetrate model, the settlement place region that the Residential area extraction module 1 is extracted is calculated using Synthetic Aperture Radar images multipolarization information
In each building height.
Specifically, the radar data building height determining unit can calculate the Residential area extraction using following methods
The height of each building in the settlement place region that module 1 is extracted：
Synthetic aperture radar (Synthetic Aperture Rada, SAR) is a kind of to work in the active of microwave band
Side view imaging remote sensing system, it is compared with real aperture radar (Real Aperture Radar, RAR) higher orientation
Resolution ratio.With the development of remote sensing technology, SAR system has its unique advantage compared with optical image, therefore is carried from SAR images
It is important embodiment of the microwave remote sensing in urban applications to take depth of building.
The method of depth of building is extracted using microwave remote sensing data at this stage (based on interference SAR and radar photogrammetry)
Not only process is cumbersome, and coherence to data itself and baseline length etc. have considered critical, especially with a varied topography
Region, it is desirable to have large number of ground control point is used for geometric correction；In view of it is not enough above, single scape SAR images are utilized both at home and abroad and are tied
It is gradually ripe to extract the method for depth of building that Study first is determined in unification, and open country is greatly reduced in the case where meeting certain precision conditions
External pelivimetry workload.Accordingly, it is considered to which the amplitude information to SAR images is that radar raster-displaying echo-signal changes most direct body
It is existing, while also reflects the backscattering characteristic of atural object, the standard geometry and electromagnetic signature model of City Building have been proposed,
Influence of the building geometric parameter to its scattering properties has been inquired into, and for tribute of the different scattering mechanisms in overall back scattering
Offer and give quantitative interpretation；Or by edge ratio test device extract in SAR images it is folded cover information, and combine aerial stereo images
Raising building is folded to cover border precision, and then inverting depth of building；Known parameters are utilized simultaneously, high resolution SAR is calculated
The geometry and scattering signatures of image, demonstrate the feasibility of GO-PO models.For the rescattering feature of building, grind
Study carefully and the rescattering calculation formula of proposition is verified using microwave dark room experimental data, it is indicated that built with rescattering inverting
Build the possibility of thing height；Or atural object backscattering characteristic is utilized, by calculating building rescattering intensity, and combine certain
Prior information extracts depth of building；Some use Lambert plane simulation earth's surface, and establish backscattering model, solve
Go out the height gain expression formula of every；Somewhat by the rescattering structure of analysis building, it is determined that building bottom profile
Position and direction, and the simulating image Iterative matching inversion method depth of building for passing through distribution density function difference；Some
Then analysis building it is folded cover and shadow region on the basis of, with reference to building rescattering principle, it is proposed that from single scape SAR shadows
The method that building roof size and height are extracted as in.
By analysis, otherwise existing method process is cumbersome, it is more, higher to data oneself requirement artificially to participate in, or only
Consider the single polarization information of single scape SAR images, it is the mechanism by analyzing building rescattering, high with reference to priori inverting
Degree, the influence produced may be extracted to height by not considering other polarization informations.Therefore, it is high during the embodiment of the present invention is utilized
GF-3 (No. 3 satellites of high score) remote sensing image of resolution ratio, proposes that one kind is based on backscattering model, utilizes SAR image multipolarizations
Information provides the optimum combination between not same polarization come the method for extracting depth of building, while being attempted to obtain big model with this method
Enclose depth of building.
Based on backscattering model, it is as follows that depth of building extracts formula：
In formula：θ is radar incidence angle (surface water is usually equal with imaged viewing angle)；L (flies for building owner length with radar
Line direction angle is less than 90 ° of edge lengths)；φ is building azimuth (building owner's length and the folder of radar heading
Angle)；SpqFor 1 element in Sinclair polarization scattering matrix, p and q are respectively horizontal polarized components and perpendicular polarisation components；
σ0It is rescattering to RCS (RCS：Radar-Cross Section (Radar Cross Section)) contribution amount；L and σ is earth's surface
Roughness parameter, represents correlation length and standard deviation respectively.Specific signal refer to Fig. 4, it illustrates one kind based on backward
In the schematic diagram of the building geometrical model of scattering model, Fig. 4, w is building width；H is building original text degree；L is building
Main length；φ is building azimuth；ε r are bituminous paving dielectric constant；ε w are industrial wall dielectric constant；ε s are situated between for earth's surface
Electric constant；L and σ is roughness of ground surface parameter, i.e.,：Correlation length and standard deviation.
In theory, if only considering rescattering, RCS (RCS：Radar-Cross Section (RCSs
Product)) it is calculated as follows formula：
In formula：R is radar sensor range-to-go；EsThe magnetic field domain scattered for earth's surface S；E0For range value.
But during actual calculating, contribution amount σ of the rescattering to RCS0Generally with formula equivalent substitution, i.e.,
σ0=β0Sin θ=ks|DN|2sinθ
Wherein, Ks is scaling constant (directly can not be obtained by source data, need to be by the inverting of building actual height)；DN is
The numerical value of each pixel (is made even to the gray value in rescattering region in the rescattering region obtained from image map of magnitudes
).
According to area scattering characteristic, surface roughness parameter and standard deviation σ can be obtained by following formula：
In formula：ziFor earth's surface point height；For the average height of N number of Ground Point.
Correlation length L is the height z (x) and the one of deviation x another point x ' height z (x+x ＇) similitude for describing x points
Measurement is planted, it is defined as：
The imaging characteristic of building and material composition in observed object region, the roughness properties parameter to target are carried out rationally
Estimation, can obtain following earth's surface characterisitic parameter：
As it was previously stated, SpqThe different polarization characteristics in SAR images are represented, i.e.,：
In formula：ψ and ζ are respectively the incidence angle that radar wave is irradiated to building wall and ground；R is Fresnel reflection system
Number, its different subscript represent the different planes of incidence and polarization mode (R┴rFor ground vertical polarization, R//rPolarized for ground level,
R┴wPolarized for wall body vertical, R//wFor wall horizontal polarization).
It can be calculated respectively with following formula for horizontal polarized wave and vertically polarized wave, i.e.,：
In formula：ε (need to be substituted for corresponding ε for the complex dielectric permittivity of ground targetrWith εw)；α is that radar wave is irradiated to accordingly
The incidence angle of atural object (need to be substituted for corresponding ψ and ξ, therefore can obtain R┴r(ζ), R┴r(ψ),R┴w(ψ) and R┴w(ζ)).To sum up institute
State, Polarization scattering vector S can be tried to achievepq, and then try to achieve depth of building h.
Empirical tests, the height of the building calculated by the above method provided in an embodiment of the present invention and the phase of actual height
Relation number is up to 0.9095, with the very high degree of accuracy and precision.
In one embodiment that the application is provided, second remotely-sensed data includes stereogram remotely-sensed data, described
Building height determining module 2, including：
Stereogram building height determining unit, is carried for calculating the settlement place according to the stereogram remotely-sensed data
The height of each building in the settlement place region that modulus block 1 is extracted.
Specifically, the stereogram building height determining unit can calculate the Residential area extraction using following methods
The height of each building in the settlement place region that module 1 is extracted：
Digital surface model (DigitalSurfaceModel, DSM), is to represent ground with one group of orderly array of values form
The solid object surface model of face height.DSM is in addition to including ground elevation information, also comprising the height such as the building on ground, bridge
Information.Setting up DSM method has a variety of, mainly has from data source and acquisition mode：According to aviation or space flight image, pass through photography
Measurement approach is obtained；Field measurement acquisition etc..
The large-scale DSM data of quick obtaining, satellite remote sensing is a kind of good technological means.And as satellite is sensed
The development of device, the DSM precision more and more highers of acquisition.Such as 0.41 meter of GeoEye-1 of current commercial satellite highest resolution, make
During with high quality control data, the middle error of vertical precision can reach 0.5 meter.Can mainly there is ASTER with the satellite of three-dimensional imaging,
ALOSPRISM, CARTOSAT-1, FORMOSAT-2, IKONOS, KOMPSAT-2, OrbView-3, QuickBird,
RapidEye, GeoEye-1, WorldView-1/2, SPOT5/6, Pleiades, and domestic resource three, resource one
02C etc..
The embodiment of the present invention is based on photogrammetry principles, sets up geometric optical model, and research area is extracted using stereogram
DSM。
The stereogram of high score image has its unique advantage when to a wide range of extraction city DSM, although it can not picture
The shade of building equally fully shows the details profile of each building, but is the larger north of coverage in research area
During the area of capital, certain precision need can also be equally being met using as reflecting that the elevation of building is distributed to the elevation of extraction
Ask.The embodiment of the present invention can extract the height of sampling point, then utilization space interpolation skill by laying sampling point around building area
Art obtains the basic physical features face in research area, is calculated with reference to DSM and obtains building height.
Empirical tests, the height of the building calculated by the above method provided in an embodiment of the present invention and the phase of actual height
Relation number is up to 0.8212, same with the very high degree of accuracy and precision.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the grid partition module 3, for target area to be divided into multiple grid, the lattice
Dividing for net can according to the actual requirements and the height of the remotely-sensed data resolution ratio is flexibly set, such as can be by target area
Domain is divided into multiple ten meters of grid, hundred meters of grid or km grid etc., and it is within the protection domain of the application.
In the embodiment of the present invention, grid space computing module 4, for respectively according to settlement place region in each grid
The corresponding resident living space of each grid of high computational of area and building；Specifically, height can be multiplied by using area
Mode calculates the volume of each building in the settlement place region respectively, and the volume is resident living space, then by lattice
The volume of each building, which is added, in net can obtain the corresponding resident living space of the grid.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the space population coefficient is the size of population in unit resident living space, Ke Yigen
Determined according to priori, it is contemplated that the density of population of different zones may differ greatly, the density of population in such as Beijing and Qinghai
Difference is very big, therefore, and the sample data in the use target area of the embodiment of the present invention preferably determines the space population coefficient,
To ensure the accuracy of the space population coefficient.It is described to be based on high score satellite remote sensing in one embodiment that the application is provided
The density of population analysis system of data combination building height, in addition to：
Space population coefficients calculation block, for multiple grid according to clear and definite resident living space and the size of population
Corresponding multigroup sample data, space population coefficient is calculated using regression algorithm.
For example, the space population coefficients calculation block can obtain the sample data of multiple grid in target area, often
There are the corresponding size of population of the grid and resident living space value in individual sample data, based on above-mentioned sample data, you can to occupy
People living space is independent variable, using the size of population as dependent variable, sets up regression model, sample data then is inputted into the recurrence
Model, space population coefficient is can determine that by data fitting.More accurate space can be obtained using above-mentioned regression algorithm
Population coefficient, so as to contribute to final calculate to obtain the more accurately density of population.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the density of population determining module 5, for being occupied according to the corresponding resident of each described grid
Firmly space and space population coefficient calculate the density of population of each grid, to determine the density of population point of the target area
Cloth situation, specifically, the resident living space of each grid can be multiplied by into space population coefficient, obtains the population in the grid
Quantity, is then that can obtain the density of population of the grid by the area of the size of population divided by the grid.
Due to grid be target area is divided obtained by, the density of population of each grid is determined, then target area
The population dispersal (i.e. population spatial distribution) in domain is also determined that.
Illustrated based on above example, it is described based on the combination of high score satellite remote sensing date that first embodiment of the invention is provided
The density of population analysis system of building height, by the way that target area is divided into multiple grid, then in units of grid respectively
The density of population in each grid is calculated, so as to calculate population dispersal more specific in target area,
It is more accurate compared to prior art；On the other hand, the application, which is based on remotely-sensed data, can accurately determine target area
Interior settlement place region, so as to using settlement place as with reference to the distribution situation that the density of population is determined more accurately；Further
, the application is set up resident from space angle and lived by the height according to building in remotely-sensed data calculating settlement place region
Space is associated with the density of population, so as to the difference of the density of population of the building that embodies different height, and then can
The more accurate distribution situation for determining the density of population.To sum up, based on the application can it is more accurate, accurately determine target area
Population dispersal in domain, so that data supporting is provided for the macro adjustments and controls in country and place, urban development planning, with
And addressing for enterprises and institutions and entrepreneur and industrial pattern provide data support.
In order to more intuitively show the population dispersal, in one embodiment that the application is provided, institute
The density of population analysis system based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height is stated, in addition to：
Density of population distribution map generation module, will be each described for the mapping relations according to the density of population and different colours
Color corresponding with the grid density of population is filled in the corresponding position of grid, is distributed with the density of population for drawing the target area
Figure.
As the change embodiment of above-described embodiment, cromogram can be replaced to characterize the people of target area using gray-scale map
Mouth density profile, as shown in figure 5, it is some region of population dispersal effect provided in an embodiment of the present invention
In figure, figure, color is whiter to represent that the density of population is bigger, as seen from the figure, compared to existing simple and crude use administrative division meter
The mode of population dispersal is calculated and characterized, using mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention, can more accurately be determined
The population dispersal of target area.
It is considered that settlement place and depth of building are the key factors for reflecting population distribution, but only use settlement place and building
When thing highly analyzes the distribution situation of population dispersal, due to building may have factory building, office building, residential building,
Mall etc. is a variety of, and actually may also have the different density of population even if height identical building, and studies and show, night
There is height correlation with the density of population in light data.Therefore, it is described to be defended based on high score in one embodiment that the application is provided
The density of population analysis system of star remotely-sensed data combination building height, in addition to：
Density of population optimization module, for the corresponding relation based on nighttime light intensity and the density of population, according to night lamp
The density of population for each grid that light remotely-sensed data is calculated the density of population determining module 5 is optimized, to optimize
The population dispersal of the target area.
Wherein, the nighttime light intensity can be obtained from the corresponding night lights remotely-sensed data in the target area, and
Night lights remotely-sensed data can by with stare full-color camera or stare multispectral camera remote sensing satellite gather obtain, example
No. 4 satellites of high score as China launches can gather night lights remotely-sensed data at night, according to the night of the target area of collection
Between light remotely-sensed data and the grid partition to target area, you can it is determined that each corresponding nighttime light intensity of grid and mesh
The average intensity of light in region is marked, the population for each grid that can be calculated accordingly the density of population determining module 5
Density is optimized.
Specifically, in one embodiment that the application is provided, the density of population optimization module, including：
The density of population optimizes unit, excellent for being carried out according to following mathematical algorithm to the density of population of grid each described
Change：
Wherein, PiThe corresponding density of population of i-th of grid obtained after optimization is represented,Represent that the density of population is determined
Module 5 calculates the corresponding density of population of i-th of grid obtained；LjThe corresponding intensity of light of j-th of grid is represented, L represents institute
State the average intensity of light of target area；PlRepresent the size of population that unit light is represented；S is regulation coefficient.
Those skilled in the art can carry out various reasonable change, tool to specific mathematical algorithm based on above-described embodiment explanation
Body is repeated no more, and it all should be within the protection domain of the application.
The density of population of the grid is optimized by using nighttime light data, can be by by night lights number
Characterized according to by the density of population difference between identical type of ground objects, so that the density of population calculated is more accurate.
It is easily understood that for the density of population of each grid calculated the density of population determining module 5
The situation optimized, the density of population distribution map generation module can be close using the population of each grid after optimization
Degree draws the density of population distribution map of the target area.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means to combine specific features, structure, material or the spy that the embodiment or example are described
Point is contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example.In this manual, to the schematic representation of above-mentioned term not
Identical embodiment or example must be directed to.Moreover, specific features, structure, material or the feature of description can be with office
Combined in an appropriate manner in one or more embodiments or example.In addition, in the case of not conflicting, the skill of this area
Art personnel can be tied the not be the same as Example or the feature of example and non-be the same as Example or example described in this specification
Close and combine.
It should be noted that the flow chart and block diagram in accompanying drawing show according to the present invention multiple embodiments system,
Architectural framework in the cards, function and the operation of method and computer program product.At this point, in flow chart or block diagram
Each square frame can represent a part for a module, program segment or code, the part bag of the module, program segment or code
Containing one or more executable instructions for being used to realize defined logic function.It should also be noted that in some realities as replacement
In existing, the function of being marked in square frame can also be with different from the order marked in accompanying drawing generation.For example, two continuous sides
Frame can essentially be performed substantially in parallel, and they can also be performed in the opposite order sometimes, and this is according to involved function
It is fixed.It is also noted that the group of each square frame in block diagram and/or flow chart and the square frame in block diagram and/or flow chart
Close, can be realized with the special hardware based system of defined function or action is performed, or specialized hardware can be used
Combination with computer instruction is realized.
The analysis of the density of population based on the high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height system that the embodiment of the present invention is provided
System can be computer program product, including store the computer-readable recording medium of program code, described program code bag
The instruction included can be used for performing the method described in previous methods embodiment, implements and can be found in embodiment of the method, herein not
Repeat again.
It is apparent to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and simplicity of description, the system of foregoing description,
The specific work process of system and unit, may be referred to the corresponding process in preceding method embodiment, will not be repeated here.
, can be with several embodiments provided herein, it should be understood that disclosed system, system and method
Realize by another way.System embodiment described above is only schematical, for example, the division of the unit,
It is only a kind of division of logic function, there can be other dividing mode when actually realizing, in another example, multiple units or component can
To combine or be desirably integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not perform.It is another, it is shown or beg for
The coupling each other of opinion or direct-coupling or communication connection can be by some communication interfaces, system or unit it is indirect
Coupling is communicated to connect, and can be electrical, machinery or other forms.
The unit illustrated as separating component can be or may not be it is physically separate, it is aobvious as unit
The part shown can be or may not be physical location, you can with positioned at a place, or can also be distributed to multiple
On NE.Some or all of unit therein can be selected to realize the mesh of this embodiment scheme according to the actual needs
's.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the invention can be integrated in a processing unit, can also
That unit is individually physically present, can also two or more units it is integrated in a unit.
If the function is realized using in the form of SFU software functional unit and is used as independent production marketing or in use, can be with
It is stored in a computer read/write memory medium.Understood based on such, technical scheme is substantially in other words
The part contributed to prior art or the part of the technical scheme can be embodied in the form of software product, the meter
Calculation machine software product is stored in a storage medium, including some instructions are to cause a computer equipment (can be individual
People's computer, server, or network equipment etc.) perform all or part of step of each of the invention embodiment methods described.
And foregoing storage medium includes：USB flash disk, mobile hard disk, read-only storage (ROM, Read-Only Memory), arbitrary access are deposited
Reservoir (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disc or CD etc. are various can be with the medium of store program codes.
Finally it should be noted that：Various embodiments above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments for pipe, it will be understood by those within the art that：Its according to
The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, or which part or all technical characteristic are entered
Row equivalent substitution；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention technology
The scope of scheme, it all should cover among the claim of the present invention and the scope of specification.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of density of population analysis system based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height, it is characterised in that including：
Residential area extraction module, building height determining module, grid partition module, grid space computing module and the density of population determine mould
Block；Wherein,
The Residential area extraction module, for being extracted according to corresponding first remotely-sensed data in target area in the target area
Comprising settlement place region；
The building height determining module, for determining the resident that the Residential area extraction module is extracted according to the second remotely-sensed data
The height of each building in ground region；
The grid partition module, for the target area to be divided into multiple grid；
Grid space computing module, for respectively according to the altimeter of the area in settlement place region and building in each grid
Calculate the corresponding resident living space of each grid；
The density of population determining module, for according to the corresponding resident living space of each described grid and space population coefficient
The density of population of each grid is calculated, to determine the population dispersal of the target area, wherein, the space
Population coefficient is the size of population in unit resident living space.
2. the density of population analysis system according to claim 1 based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height,
Characterized in that, first remotely-sensed data include radar remote sensing data, the Residential area extraction module, including：
Radar data Residential area extraction unit, for the reflection based on different types of ground objects to radar signal and scattering properties, root
Settlement place region is extracted from the target area according to the corresponding radar remote sensing data in target area.
3. the density of population analysis system according to claim 1 based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height,
Characterized in that, first remotely-sensed data include Multi-spectral Remote Sensing Data, the Residential area extraction module, including：
Multispectral data Residential area extraction unit, for based on difference of the different types of ground objects to different-waveband spectral reflectivity,
Settlement place region is extracted from the target area according to the corresponding Multi-spectral Remote Sensing Data in target area.
4. the density of population analysis system according to claim 3 based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height,
Characterized in that, the multispectral data Residential area extraction unit, including：
Terrain classification subelement, for type of ground objects to be divided into blue top building, red top building, cement top building, naked
Ground, lake, river, farmland and forest land；Wherein, blue top building, red top building, cement top building belong to settlement place；
Atural object determines scheduling subelement, for according to division result of the terrain classification subelement to type of ground objects, to belonging to
The type of ground objects of settlement place, calls following extracting index to build subelement, exponential quantity computation subunit and binary conversion treatment respectively
Subelement extracts the corresponding region of type of ground objects for belonging to settlement place from the target area, obtains settlement place region；
Extracting index builds subelement, for anti-to different-waveband spectrum according to type of ground objects to be extracted and other types of ground objects
The difference for penetrating rate builds the Objects extraction index that can make a distinction the type of ground objects to be extracted and other atural objects；
Exponential quantity computation subunit, the index for calculating the corresponding Objects extraction index of each pixel in the remotely-sensed data
Value；
Binary conversion treatment subelement, for the exponential quantity of the Objects extraction index of each pixel to be carried out into binary conversion treatment, and
The remotely-sensed data is split according to binaryzation result, the corresponding region of type of ground objects to be extracted is extracted.
5. the density of population analysis system according to claim 1 based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height,
Characterized in that, second remotely-sensed data includes SAR remote sensing data, the building height determining module, bag
Include：
Radar data building height determining unit, for according to the SAR remote sensing data, based on back scattering mould
Respectively built in type, the settlement place region extracted using the Synthetic Aperture Radar images multipolarization information calculating Residential area extraction module
Build the height of thing.
6. the density of population analysis system according to claim 1 based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height,
Characterized in that, second remotely-sensed data include stereogram remotely-sensed data, the building height determining module, including：
Stereogram building height determining unit, for calculating the Residential area extraction mould according to the stereogram remotely-sensed data
The height of each building in the settlement place region that block is extracted.
7. the density of population analysis system according to claim 1 based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height,
Characterized in that, also including：
Space population coefficients calculation block, for corresponding with multiple grid of the size of population according to clear and definite resident living space
Multigroup sample data, using regression algorithm calculate space population coefficient.
8. the density of population analysis system according to claim 1 based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height,
Characterized in that, also including：
Density of population optimization module, it is distant according to night lights for the corresponding relation based on nighttime light intensity and the density of population
The density of population for each grid that sense data are calculated the density of population determining module is optimized, to optimize the mesh
Mark the population dispersal in region.
9. the density of population analysis system according to claim 8 based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height,
Characterized in that, the density of population optimization module, including：
The density of population optimizes unit, for being optimized according to following mathematical algorithm to the density of population of grid each described：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mover>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mover>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>*</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</msub>
<mo>*</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
Wherein, PiThe corresponding density of population of i-th of grid obtained after optimization is represented,Represent the density of population determining module
Calculate the corresponding density of population of i-th of grid obtained；LjThe corresponding intensity of light of j-th of grid is represented,Represent the target
The average intensity of light in region；PlRepresent the size of population that unit light is represented；S is regulation coefficient.
10. the density of population based on high score satellite remote sensing date combination building height according to claim any one of 1-9
Analysis system, it is characterised in that also include：
Density of population distribution map generation module, for the mapping relations according to the density of population and different colours, by each grid
Color corresponding with the grid density of population is filled in corresponding position, to draw the density of population distribution map of the target area.
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