CN107228163A

CN107228163A - Transmission for vehicles

Info

Publication number: CN107228163A
Application number: CN201710070753.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 乌尔里希·弗利奇勒
Original assignee: ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Current assignee: ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Priority date: 2016-03-24
Filing date: 2017-02-09
Publication date: 2017-10-03
Anticipated expiration: 2037-02-09
Also published as: CN107228163B; DE102016204982A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of transmission for vehicles (1), the vehicle speed-change apparatus has for switchably setting the gearbox of multiple rotating ratios (4) and with the light-emitting window (5) inverted for rotation direction, wherein the gearbox (4) and light-emitting window (5) are arranged in common case of transmission (10), and wherein light-emitting window (5) is embodied as planetary gearsets, the planetary gearsets have the pinion frame (13) of the fixed and arranged on housing.Pinion frame (13) has the first bottom plate (14) and the second bottom plate (15) for planetary gear bearing (16).First and second bottom plates (14,15) are rigidly connected to each other by multiple contact pin (37).The middle casing (8) of first bottom plate (14) and case of transmission (10) is configured integrally with each other.

Description

Transmission for vehicles

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of transmission for vehicles, the vehicle speed-change apparatus has for switchably setting multiple rotating ratios Gearbox simultaneously has the light-emitting window for being used for rotation direction reversion, and wherein gearbox and light-emitting window is arranged in common case of transmission In.In this case, light-emitting window includes planetary gearsets, and the planetary gearsets have the planet tooth of the fixed and arranged on housing Wheel carrier.

Background technology

A kind of transmission for vehicles as known to the A1 of DE 102012216224, wherein will be used to switchably set multiple rotating speeds The gearbox of ratio is arranged in common case of transmission together with the light-emitting window inverted for rotation direction.In the vehicle speed variation In the case of a kind of embodiment of device, light-emitting window is embodied as the planetary gear for switchably setting rotation direction reversion Group, its contact pin or pinion frame fixed and arranged on housing.Such transmission for vehicles is particularly suitable for wherein needing two The vehicle of individual equivalent travel direction.In the case of railroad vehicle and construction vehicle especially so.Equivalent travel direction It should be understood to the gear or rotating ratio that there is identical quantity for travel direction forward and travel direction backward.In mesh Before in the case of can be set in gearbox certain amount of gear and can by changeable light-emitting window to these keep off Each in position optionally sets travel direction forward and travel direction backward.

The content of the invention

The task of the present invention is to provide this transmission for vehicles with planetary gearsets, and the transmission for vehicles can be in letter High driving power is transmitted in the case of list and compact structure form.

The solution of the task is realized by transmission for vehicles according to claim 1.Favourable design and improvement side Case is drawn by dependent claims.

A kind of transmission for vehicles is proposed, the vehicle speed-change apparatus has the speed change for switchably setting multiple rotating ratios Case simultaneously has the light-emitting window for being used for the light-emitting window that rotation direction is inverted, the i.e. travel direction for setting forward or backward.Should Gearbox and light-emitting window are arranged in common case of transmission.In this case, light-emitting window is embodied as planetary gearsets, should Planetary gearsets have the pinion frame of the fixed and arranged on housing.

Pinion frame has the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate for planetary gear bearing, wherein the first bottom plate and second Bottom plate is connected to each other by multiple contact pin.First bottom plate of pinion frame and the middle casing of case of transmission are integrally with each other Construction.Middle casing is a part for case of transmission and is fixedly connected with the other parts of case of transmission.It is possible thereby to Power present in pinion frame and stress are directly led out in case of transmission by the first bottom plate, or by transmission case Body is born.Thus the rigidity of pinion frame and light-emitting window is significantly improved, therefore high driving power can be transmitted.Especially exist High driving power is needed in the case of vehicle with high gross mass such as railroad vehicle.Therefore, what is proposed has height The transmission for vehicles of intensity is especially suitable in the power train of railroad vehicle.

In addition, the Construction integration of the first bottom plate and middle casing contributes to the cramped construction of transmission for vehicles.

Speed changer is made up of some, and their middle casings with light-emitting window are combined into whole case of transmission.Runner The middle casing of group can be for example arranged between two other parts of case of transmission.Case of transmission meets a variety of work( Energy.First, case of transmission surrounds gearbox and light-emitting window and therefore protects both from external action, such as from water spray or Person's pollutant effects.Second, case of transmission can be used for lubricant being maintained in transmission case body and for example lead to Crossing the forming section in inner walls or in inwall makes it be guided along specific flow direction., can be with for described two purposes Other parts by middle casing relative to case of transmission are sealed.

In addition the element of gearbox and light-emitting window can be supported in case of transmission.Therefore case of transmission also serves as The bearing structure of transmission for vehicles.Therefore, case of transmission can have bearing position again, the bearing position is used for vehicle speed variation Supporting of the device in vehicle frame or in the bogie of car.

Gearbox can for example be embodied as the automatic transmission with multiple planetary gearsets, and the planetary gearsets are used for Switchably set multiple rotating ratios or gear.Light-emitting window therefore by the planetary gearsets of gearbox extend one it is other Planetary gearsets, so as to there is the compact transmission for vehicles for being used for the vehicle with two equivalent travel directions.However, making Other speed changer structure types, such as automatic gearbox or Hydrodynamic transmission can also be used for gearbox.

In order to further improve the rigidity of planetary transmission, preferably propose by the first bottom plate, the second bottom plate and contact pin that This is integratedly constructed.Therefore, whole pinion frame can integratedly be implemented with the middle casing of case of transmission, and this is significantly carried High its torsional strength and bending strength.

Such pinion frame can especially advantageously be embodied as casting.In this case, from bottom plate to contact pin It is transitioning through casting the profile that radius obtains sphering, it improves the intensity of pinion frame, because the profile of sphering is preferably The power streamline adapted in pinion frame.

The Construction integration of whole pinion frame and middle casing also causes the notable saving of part and therefore caused smaller Production and installation cost because pinion frame need not be assembled and need not be arranged separately on case of transmission.By This also avoid azimuthal tolerance and position of related features, and they must pay attention in the case of multi-piece type pinion frame.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention a, the basal plane of contact pin in the axial direction from the first bottom plate towards Second bottom plate diminishes.In other words, contact pin is implemented to be fixed in the stub area on the first bottom plate than at relative end at it It is thicker on end regions.Contact pin can be configured on that side of the first bottom plate being fixed in case of transmission by this way Substrate with reinforcing, this significantly improves the rigidity and bearing capacity of pinion frame.It is particularly preferably each in this respect Basal plane of the contact pin in the stub area that it faces the first bottom plate is at least the basal plane in the relative stub area of the contact pin Twice.In order to realize the optimal stress distribution in pinion frame under load condition in operation, can advantageously it connect The basal plane of piece continuously diminishes from the first bottom plate towards the second bottom plate in the axial direction.Term " axial direction " refers herein to turn The central axis of wheel group.Term " basal plane of contact pin " should be understood to the cross section of contact pin, including in cross section that may be present Cavity.

On the rigidity and intensity of pinion frame, obtained in the case that planetary gear is embodied as into multi-stage planetary gear One particular aspect.For high bending strength and torsional strength, the short pinion frame of structure is that have in the axial direction Profit.However, because multi-stage planetary gear each has the gear of two arrangements that miss one another in the axial direction, corresponding planet tooth The structure of wheel carrier in the axial direction is very long.This necessarily causes the long contact pin between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate.Planet Thus the torsional strength and bending strength of tooth rest reduce.In order to offset this point, proposed according to a kind of preferred embodiment By planetary gear structure each to have the multi-stage planetary gear of two gears, the less arrangement of gears of its diameter is in the first bottom plate On that side, and the shape in shape adaptation available space between multi-stage planetary gear of contact pin.Therefore in the embodiment party Propose that the basal plane of contact pin reduces step by step from the first bottom plate to the second bottom plate in the axial direction in the case of formula, because so classification Contact pin most preferably utilize multi-stage planetary gear between available space.In other words, these contact pin are at least largely filled out Available space between full multi-stage planetary gear.

Although causing on axial direction long structure type by multi-stage planetary gear, so construct the first bottom plate that The contact pin with big basal plane still assigns pinion frame high rigidity on side.

According to another embodiment, at least one contact pin has cavity.It is however preferable that pinion frame is all Contact pin is designed in an identical manner, so that all contact pin all has cavity.Cavity can pinion frame axial direction On each through whole contact pin extend or only through one part extend.In the region of the first and second bottom plates, contact pin Cavity can be or open or closing.The cross section of contact pin with cavity is more transversal than the contact pin of solid implementation Face has considerably higher plane the moment of inertia and therefore with the higher moment of resistance.Therefore contact pin design with cavity exists Therefore optimize in the case that materials are few and in the case of lightweight the intensity of pinion frame and therefore optimize whole car The intensity of speed changer.This again improves the driving power that can be transmitted by transmission for vehicles.

Each component meets the cramped construction that function as much as possible is also beneficial to transmission for vehicles.And according to another reality Mode is applied, the transmission for vehicles proposed can be improved by integrating the cylinder of piston cylinder apparatus in pinion frame. In other words, pinion frame constitutes the cylinder for piston cylinder apparatus.The piston cylinder apparatus can for example be used to manipulate gearbox By hydraulically controlled shifting element, such as disk brake.

In the axle according to the pinion frame of another preferred embodiment with the central shaft for planetary gear bearing group During bearing, pinion frame undertakes another function.The central shaft can especially planetary gearsets sun wheel shaft, it is runner The input element of group.Preferably bearing block is arranged in the first bottom plate of pinion frame.The bearing occurred in operation It is directed directly to become from the bearing block in the first bottom plate due to the Construction integration of the first bottom plate and the middle casing of case of transmission In fast device housing.

Brief description of the drawings

The present invention is exemplarily explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.Wherein：

Fig. 1 shows a kind of schematic diagram of vehicle according to the invention speed changer,

Fig. 2 illustrates a kind of section of vehicle according to the invention speed changer with section view,

Fig. 3 shows the stereogram of the pinion frame with middle casing, and middle casing and pinion frame are implemented together For a casting, and

Fig. 4 shows another stereogram of Fig. 3 middle casings and pinion frame.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 shows a kind of structure of vehicle according to the invention speed changer 1 with strongly simplified view.In such case Under, the driving power provided by driving machine is introduced into gearbox 4 by drive shaft 2 via initiating element 3 and jackshaft 11, at this Different rotating ratios or gear can be set in gearbox by unshowned shifting element.Initiating element 3 can be constructed for example When be that fluid torque-converter and transmission arrangement are the automatic transmission with multiple planetary gearsets.

Driving power is further transferred to light-emitting window 5 via another jackshaft 12 by gearbox, passes through the light-emitting window Rotation direction can be caused to invert.

Initiating element 3, gearbox 4 and light-emitting window 5 are arranged in a common case of transmission 10 so that by runner Group 5 is incorporated into transmission for vehicles 1.Case of transmission 10 includes some, i.e. housing parts 7, middle casing 8 and case lid 9, the case lid closes case of transmission 10 in slave end.Driven shaft 6 pass through case lid 9, and with the connecing of the power train of vehicle The element connection come.Housing parts 7, middle casing 8 and each comfortable end segments of case lid 9 abut against each other and each via even Contact such as screw flange is connected to each other to a unit.The unit forms case of transmission 10 and is especially used as carrying knot Structure, for supporting transmission portion and for protecting internally positioned transmission portion from external action.

In this embodiment, case of transmission 10 is open in driving side.The case of transmission 10 also may be used in driving side To be covered by another gear shift cover, drive shaft 2 passes through the gear shift cover.

First bottom plate 14 of middle casing 8 and the pinion frame 13 of light-emitting window 5 is integratedly implemented, and this will be more detailed below Describe in detail bright.

Fig. 2 shows the section of vehicle according to the invention speed changer 1, and light-emitting window 5 is disposed therein.Light-emitting window 5 is embodied as Planetary gearsets and including sun gear, on housing fixed and arranged with the planetary gear 16 rotatably supported thereon Pinion frame 13 and gear ring 22.

Sun gear 21 can around light-emitting window 5 central axis 20 rotatably arrange and with jackshaft 12 in anti-relative rotation Driving torque is delivered in light-emitting window 5 by connection, the jackshaft by the gearbox 4 for being disposed thereon trip.In this embodiment, in Countershaft 12 forms the sun wheel shaft of the light-emitting window 5 of the part and connection of the pinion frame of gearbox 4 thereon simultaneously.Gu Engaged due to the sun gear 21 on jackshaft 12 with multiple planetary gears 16, these planetary gears are each embodied as with little gear 17 and the multi-stage planetary gear of gear wheel 18.Sun gear 21 is correspondingly engaged with the little gear 17 of planetary gear 16.

Each planetary gear 16 is supported in pinion frame 13 by rolling bearing system and pin 19.Pinion frame 13 have the stub area of the first bottom plate 14 and the second bottom plate 15, wherein respective fixing pin 19.First bottom plate 14 and second Bottom plate 15 is fixedly secured to one another by multiple contact pin, as shown in Figure 3.The first bottom plate 14 and middle casing of pinion frame 13 8 is configured integrally with each other.Middle casing 8 is clamped between housing parts 7 and case lid 9 and is each secured to connection. In the embodiment, housing parts 7 and middle casing 8 are connected to each other by screw flange, and middle casing 8 and case lid 9 are also so Connection.Embodiment with other middle casings is also possible, and these other middle casings can for example be arranged in centre Between housing 8 and case lid 9.

The gear wheel 18 of each planetary gear 16 is engaged with gear ring 22, and the gear ring surrounds central axis in revolvable mode 20 arrange and the drive element as light-emitting window 5.In this embodiment, the gear of light-emitting window 5 is embodied as helical teeth.Thus exist Cause axial force in operation, the axial force is in this embodiment by thrust ring23 bear.With angular gear 26S Proteasome Structure and Function to related thrust ring is that those skilled in the art are sufficiently known.

Gear ring 22 is connected by the first coupling component 24 with gear shift unit 30, the gear shift unit be arranged in light-emitting window 5 from Dynamic side.First coupling component 24 has the first clutch teeth portion 25, and the clutch teeth portion, which is arranged and implemented into, allows it and slip The teeth portion of sleeve 28 is in engagement.Sliding sleeve 28 is a part for gear shift unit 30 and can be in the axial direction in three gearshift Moved between position.In the first drive range, the teeth portion of sliding sleeve 28 is engaged with the first clutch teeth portion 25, in the second gearshift In position, the teeth portion of sliding sleeve 28 is engaged with the second clutch teeth portion 26, and in the 3rd drive range, sliding sleeve 28 Teeth portion is not engaged with clutch teeth portion.Sliding sleeve 28 can for example pass through hydraulically controlled or electrically actuatable actuator Manipulated so that it correspondingly occupies one of three drive ranges.

In the first drive range of sliding sleeve 28, driving power or power stream by jackshaft 12 by sun gear 21, Planetary gear 16, gear ring 22, the first coupling component 24 and sliding sleeve 28 extend to drive element 29, the drive element and anti-phase To being rotationally connected with the driven shaft 6 not shown in Fig. 2.In the first drive range, the He of jackshaft 12 occurs in light-emitting window 5 Rotation direction reversion between driven shaft 6, because driving rotational motion is guided by light-emitting window 5, light-emitting window tool There is pinion frame 13 that is fixed, being fixed on housing.

In the second drive range of sliding sleeve 28, driving power or power stream by jackshaft 12 by with jackshaft 12 Extension 27, the second coupling component 31 and the sliding sleeve 8 connected in anti-relative rotation extend to drive element 29 and to Its driven shaft 6 connected in anti-relative rotation extends.In the second drive range, by the rotational motion of jackshaft 12 with 1:1 Gearratio (i.e. rotating speed or rotation direction does not change) is delivered on driven shaft 6 again.Exist in the second drive range, driving is rotated Motion and power stream are not guided by planetary gear 16 and the gear ring of light-emitting window 5 22 to driven shaft 6.By in light-emitting window 5 and gearshift In unit 30 can caused by rotation direction reversion, can move forward and backward travel between switch.

It is all to be set in gearbox 4 because gear shift unit 30 is arranged in the rear of gearbox 4 in power stream Gear can be all set in two travel directions.When only causing rotation direction anti-by light-emitting window 5 in the first drive range Then when not causing the gearratio change of rotating speed, then the transmission for vehicles proposed can be used to realize with equivalent traveling side To vehicle.But the speed change of rotation direction reversion and rotating speed may also be caused by light-emitting window 5 in the first drive range, so that Although being realized with equal number of gear in two travel directions but in each gear of two travel directions different The driven range of speeds.

3rd drive range is neutral gear position, by the drive connection between jackshaft 12 and driven shaft 6 in neutral gear position Cut-out.In the 3rd drive range, do not transmit from jackshaft 12 to driven shaft 6 or in the opposite direction rotational motion and Driving power.3rd drive range can for example be used to pull under railroad vehicle is helped in the external world, or AT STATION in region Organized into groups by shunter, and the driving power of the driving engine without using itself.In having with multiple power trains In the case of rail vehicle, the part-load operation state of one or more power trains can be switched to, this passes through in the power train In the 3rd drive range, i.e. neutral gear position is suspended to realize.The part-load operation shape of railroad vehicle can be realized by this way Fuel or energy conservation under state.

In fig. 2 it is also seen that other functions of the first bottom plate 14 of pinion frame 13.So in the first bottom plate 14 Annular cylinder 32 is added in bottom plate 14 on that side of gearbox 4.Annular cylinder 32 is hydraulically controlled piston-cylinder list A part for member 34, it is used for the manipulation of the unshowned shifting element of gearbox 4.Such shifting element may, for example, be reality Apply the disk brake or plate clutch of the gearbox for automatic transmission.

Also heart district domain has bearing block 35 to first bottom plate 14 wherein, is disposed with the bearing block for supporting jackshaft 12 rolling bearing 36.

Fig. 3 shows pinion frame 13 and middle casing 8, and they are embodied as casting 41 together.Such casting 41 is adapted to In for vehicle according to the invention speed changer 1.Pinion frame 13 includes the first bottom plate 14 and the second bottom plate 15, they that This parallel arrangement.First bottom plate 14 and the second bottom plate 15 are rigidly connected to each other by multiple contact pin 37.Do not show here to support The planetary gear gone out, each bottom plate 14,15 has bearing block 40, wherein preferred planetary gear bearing 16 in anti-relative rotation Above-mentioned pin 19.The planetary gear 16 of pin 19 and supporting thereon is not shown in figs. 3 and 4 for concise reason.

Contact pin 37 is faced in the stub area 38 of the first bottom plate 14 than implementing in its relative stub area 39 at it It is significantly thicker.In other words, basal plane of each contact pin 37 in the stub area 38 that it faces the first bottom plate 14 is respectively than in its face It is bigger to the basal plane in the stub area 39 of the second bottom plate 15.Because middle casing 8, two bottom plates 14,15 and contact pin 37 are all Integratedly implement, therefore produce the high intensity in casting 41 and the stress distribution of optimization.

Fig. 4 shows casting 41 with another view.In this view particular it appear that the driving side of the bottom plate 14 of casting 41 and first Design.Identical element is provided with identical reference in all the drawings.Middle casing 8 has two Hes of flange 43 44, thereon, middle casing can be connected with other housing parts 7 or case lid 9.In flange 43 and 44 and other housing sections Each on point between flange with respect to that can arrange sealing ring or sealant, to obtain the case of transmission that oil is close.In flange Centering ring 45 is disposed with 43 inward flange, the centering ring ensures that middle casing 8 is simple relative to adjacent housing parts 7 Install and correct positioning.

Bearing block 35 is disposed with the radial inner region of the first bottom plate 14.Jackshaft 12 be able to can revolve by rolling bearing It is supported in bearing block 35 with turning, the jackshaft is also implemented as the sun wheel shaft of the light-emitting window 5 of planetary transmission simultaneously.

Annular cylinder is disposed with the radial outer region of the first bottom plate 14, the annular cylinder is used as piston-cylinder unit 33 Cylinder 32 is used to manipulate the shifting element in gearbox 4.

The cavity 42 being arranged in each contact pin 37 is also shown in Fig. 4.In this embodiment by each contact pin 37 at it It is embodied as in the thicker stub area 38 of the first bottom plate 14 hollow.Cross section in contact pin 37 is realized by this way High plane the moment of inertia so that pinion frame 13 and hence in so that whole transmission for vehicles 1 has high rigidity and carrying Ability.In this embodiment, cavity 42 extends through the thicker stub area 38 of each contact pin in the axial direction, i.e., through Stub area with larger basal plane.Herein, the relatively thin stub area 39 of each contact pin 37 be embodied as it is solid, that is, There is no cavity.Another advantage of cavity 42 in each contact pin 37 is related to the production of casting 41.The wide end of each contact pin 37 Big wall thickness or big material stacking in the formation casting 41 of end regions 38, this can cause unfavorable terrain in casting cycle Into shrinkage cavity.Therefore casting 41 can be produced in terms of casting technique with higher quality, because the formation of shrinkage cavity is connect by each Cavity 42 in the stub area 38 of piece 37 is offset.

Reference

1 transmission for vehicles

2 drive shafts

3 initiating elements

4 gearboxes

5 light-emitting windows

6 driven shafts

7 housing parts

8 middle casings

9 case lids

10 case of transmissions

11 jackshafts

12 jackshafts

13 pinion frames

14 first bottom plates

15 second bottom plates

16 planetary gears

17 little gears

18 gear wheels

19 pins

20 central axis

21 sun gears

22 gear rings

23 thrust rings

24 first coupling components

25 first clutch teeth portion

26 second clutch teeth portion

27 extensions

28 sliding sleeves

29 drive elements

30 gear shift units

31 second coupling components

32 cylinders

33 piston-cylinder units

34 pistons

35 bearing blocks

36 rolling bearings

37 contact pin

38 stub areas

39 stub areas

40 bearing blocks

41 casting

42 cavitys

43 flanges

44 flanges

45 centering rings

Claims

1. a kind of transmission for vehicles (1), the vehicle speed-change apparatus has the gearbox for switchably setting multiple rotating ratios (4) and be used for rotation direction invert light-emitting window (5), wherein the gearbox (4) and light-emitting window (5) be arranged in it is common In case of transmission (10), and wherein light-emitting window (5) is embodied as planetary gearsets, and the planetary gearsets have on housing The pinion frame (13) of fixed and arranged,

Characterized in that, pinion frame (13) has the first bottom plate (14) and the second bottom plate for planetary gear bearing (16) (15), the first bottom plate (14) and the second bottom plate (15) are rigidly connected to each other by multiple contact pin (37), and the first bottom plate (14) Middle casing (8) with case of transmission (10) is configured integrally with each other.

2. transmission for vehicles according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first bottom plate (14), the second bottom plate (15) and connect Piece (37) is configured integrally with each other.

3. transmission for vehicles according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the basal plane of contact pin (37) is in the axial direction From the first bottom plate, (14)s diminished towards the second bottom plate (15).

4. transmission for vehicles according to claim 3, it is characterised in that planetary gear (16) is configured to small tooth The multi-stage planetary gear of (17) and gear wheel (18) is taken turns, its little gear (17) is respectively disposed in the first bottom plate (14) that side On, and the shape of contact pin (37) each adapts to the shape in available space between planetary gear (16).

5. the transmission for vehicles according to any one in above claim, it is characterised in that at least one contact pin (37) With cavity (42).

6. the transmission for vehicles according to any one in above claim, it is characterised in that in pinion frame (13) In be integrated with the cylinders of piston-cylinder unit (33), the shifting element for manipulating gearbox (4).

7. the transmission for vehicles according to any one in above claim, it is characterised in that pinion frame (13) has There is the bearing block (35) of the central shaft for planetary gear bearing group.