CN107225142A - A kind of energy-saving rubbish destructive distillation combustion gas and the method for fuel gas generation - Google Patents
A kind of energy-saving rubbish destructive distillation combustion gas and the method for fuel gas generation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107225142A CN107225142A CN201610836480.4A CN201610836480A CN107225142A CN 107225142 A CN107225142 A CN 107225142A CN 201610836480 A CN201610836480 A CN 201610836480A CN 107225142 A CN107225142 A CN 107225142A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
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- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical group C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- HNBFUFIYQWYCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-) sulfane titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].S.[Ti+4] HNBFUFIYQWYCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to a kind of energy-saving rubbish destructive distillation combustion gas and the method for fuel gas generation；More specifically, belong to the method that rubbish is utilized etc. to technological process processing rubbish manufacture combustion gas and fuel gas generation according to pretreatment, biochemical degradation, destructive gasifying, gas-liquid separation, gas-purification, combustion gas, there is energy-saving and environmental protection, efficient and continuous treatment rubbish, with good creativeness, novelty and industrial applicibility.
Description
First, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of energy-saving rubbish destructive distillation combustion gas and the method for fuel gas generation, belong to environmental technology field；
2nd, background of invention
With China's economic development and the raising of living standards of the people, Output of Domestic Waste increases with day, particularly wide
The yield of the organic waste of large village is improved constantly；The perishable ring for rotting that people will be influenceed to survive of organic matter in rubbish
Border；However, the integrated treatment cost of reduction rubbish, improves the economic benefit of garbage disposal, by its innoxious, minimizing and resource
Change, be the important key issue that the whole society promotes garbage disposal；
Document report, the rubbish that low heat value (that is, LHV) is more than 3344KJ/Kg (or 800 kilocalories/Kg) is burning
Abundant spontaneous combustion can be obtained by burning in stove, combustion-supporting without oil spout or coal；When the refuse thermal value for entering stove does not reach 800 kilocalories/kg calorific values
When, just to furnace injection fuel oil or coal is burned with additional heat rubbish must be made to burn cinder, however, China city and small towns life
Melon and fruit peel, vegetables residue, kitchen restaurant rubbish in rubbish, remain that the carbohydrate quantities such as food are higher after the meal, moisture is big, heat
Value is low, it is impossible to which spontaneous combustion, which increase the energy consumption cost of garbage disposal；Particularly, in rural garbage waste plastics, rubber, paper etc.
The material of high heating value is less, is mainly made up of the carbohydrate of the low heat values such as pericarp, dish leaf, feces of livestock and poultry, and its calorific value is lower,
Burned which prevent substantial amounts of rural garbage or pyrolysis processing；At present, the processing method of rural garbage both domestic and external is main
It is traditional landfill or progress compost；However, be also easy to produce the seepage event of refuse leachate after garbage loading embeading, impurely under
Water, the fertilizer of rubbish production contains heavy metal, does not reach the fertilizer quality standard of country, limits the sale city of refuse fertilizer
, the economic benefit of garbage disposal is low；
In order to overcome the weakness of the above method, some technical schemes for solving the problems, such as this respect are disclosed, for example：
In USP 5,744,668, USP 6,133,491 and CN 1068032C that the applicant authorizes, disclose and carry out house refuse
The thermal cracking and catalytic pyrolysis of two sections and two kinds different temperatures, using continuous feed and the method and apparatus of continuous discharging slag；Due to
Carbohydrate content in house refuse is high, and moisture is high, and calorific value is low, to make in rubbish organic substance (livestock and poultry it is dirty
Device, skin, hair, bone) thoroughly decompose, it is necessary to substantial amounts of heat is first provided and consumes, it is a large amount of contained by evaporation and removing organic matter
Moisture, dries it, then can reach its decomposition temperature；, there is the defect of garbage disposal high energy consumption in this；
In application number 200610014872.9《Utilize the method for stalks mixed burned with city life garbage power》In, using mixing burning
The stalk of 30-80% high heating value is into the house refuse of low heat value, and the calorific value for improving house refuse is carried out at " gasification " or heat
Reason manufacture combustion gas is generated electricity, and there is the high weakness of big stalks mixed burned amount, stalk light specific gravity, cost of transportation；
In the CN 101352721B that the applicant authorizes, disclose《A kind of method of sequentially processing consumer waste》,
Rubbish is dehydrated using mechanical extruder or dewaterer (such as centrifuge)；However, mechanical extrusion dehydration mode is only capable of
The free water of material surface is separated；The large quantity of moisture sloughed and included inside garbage organism can not be extruded；It was verified that
Extruder is carried out after extrusion dehydration to house refuse, and the moisture remained in rubbish is at least more than 55%, therefore, effectively big
The moisture included inside the removing carbohydrate rubbish of amount, it is necessary to consume substantial amounts of heat of evaporation or heat of vaporization, which increase rubbish
The processing cost that rubbish is dehydrated and dried；, there is the defect of garbage disposal high energy consumption in this；
Especially, house refuse is absolutely different from biomass (such as stalk, rice husk, wood chip ... ..) component, biomass
The calorific value of (stalk, rice husk, wood chip ... etc.) is general in 15000-19000KJ/kg, and house refuse complicated component, comprising
There is soil, moisture content is up to 40-60% (wt%), than great, calorific value is low, such as accounts for house refuse 70% or so (wt%) screenings
The calorific value of heavy constituent rubbish is only the 1/5 of the minimum calorific value of biomass, it is impossible to lights or burns, and containing a certain amount of metal or again
Metal；It can not use and go to carry out " gasification " to house refuse or be heat-treated to produce combustion gas progress with the duplicate method of biomass
Generate electricity；It is reported that enter the stove burning or the minimum calorific value of pyrolysis of house refuse are 3300-5000KJ/kg, preferably in 6000KJ/
More than Kg, can not burn or decompose less than 3300kJ/kg；Screenings (such as dish leaf, pericarp, kitchen rubbish that sorting consumer waste goes out
The carbohydrate such as rubbish) moisture content is up to 40%-60%, and calorific value is typically in 800-1500KL/kg, and calorific value is well below life rubbish
The minimum calorific value 3300-5000KJ/kg scopes of burning or the pyrolysis of rubbish, are typically only capable to the raw material as compost；
So far, should to world patent document databse, related books, publication, magazine and industrialized production in China
In terms of, do not consult also and the high rural garbage progress burning electricity generation of moisture content or destructive distillation are produced into the report that combustion gas is generated electricity
Road, does not find the carbon hydrate of the low heat value for accounting for house refuse 70% or so (wt%) sorted out from house refuse
Thing carries out the report that fuel gas generation is produced in destructive distillation.
Present invention aim to overcome the rubbish (such as rural garbage) of low heat value to be needed in pyrolysis or burning electricity generation
There is provided a kind of power consumption, low (that is, the high carbohydrate rubbish of moisture content is dropped the defect of extra supplement fuel oil or fire coal using biochemical
Solution mode is decomposed, decrement, slough molecular structure water), recycling (energy in rubbish is converted into combustion gas, i.e. fuel gas generation,
Combustion gas is civilian or gas industry use), minimizing, environmental protection, efficiently etc. a kind of energy-saving rubbish destructive distillation combustion gas of a variety of advantages and
The method of fuel gas generation.
3rd, the content of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of energy-saving rubbish destructive distillation combustion gas and the method for fuel gas generation；More specifically, belong to by
Rubbish handles rubbish according to technological processes such as pretreatment, biochemical degradation, destructive gasifying, gas-liquid separation, gas-purification, fuel gas generations
Make the method for its innoxious, minimizing and recycling；
Comprise the following steps in the present inventive method：
(1) pre-process：Rubbish is shipped by rubbish vehicle, is weighed through weighbridge, is manually removed Bulky Waste, masonry, is used magnetic separation
Machine removes metal, and broken bag, broken preliminary treatment are carried out with bag-breaking machine；Collect and using the rubbish material after preliminary treatment, or
Further to be sorted the rubbish material after preliminary treatment with screening machine, collect respectively light material on the sieve screened out,
The lower heavier feeds of sieve；
(2) biochemical degradation：Rubbish material after preliminary treatment in pretreatment is fermented, or will be sorted in pretreatment
Heavier feeds are fermented under the sieve gone out, a certain amount of fermentative microorganism microbial inoculum and the material of fermentation are mixed, according to known
Fermentation technique condition is fermented, and fermentation makes the carbohydrate in rubbish material be decomposed into gas, water and organic detritus,
The gas produced with purified treatment in fermentation is collected, the waste water produced with purified treatment in fermentation is collected, collects and utilizes
Solid material after fermentation；
(3) destructive gasifying：By rubbish lightweight on the solid material collected after biochemical degradation and/or the sieve collected in pretreatment
Material, which is added in drying equipment, is dried dehydration, is then delivered in closed destructive gasifying equipment and carries out destructive gasifying；Can
So that using the pyrolysis technology principle under known oxygen free condition, the carbonization gas of indirectly heat is carried out to the material in distillation apparatus
Change, manufacturing technology principle that can also be according to water gas two-stage gasifier or gasification of biomass, material is carried out in destructive gasifying equipment
The destructive gasifying of anoxycausis；Stress control in destructive gasifying is in negative pressure, normal pressure or a little higher than normal pressure, and destructive gasifying produces gas
Phase product and residue, the gas-phase product collected and produced using destructive gasifying, discharge residue from destructive gasifying equipment, collect and
Utilize the residue of discharge；
(4) gas-liquid separation：Using known gas -- liquid isolation technics principle, the gas-phase product collected in destructive gasifying is entered
Promoting the circulation of qi -- liquid is separated or condensed, and isolates miscella, waste water and imflammable gas；Flammable combustion gas, miscella are distinguished
Collect, utilize, purification processing up to standard is carried out to waste water；
(5) gas-purification：By the imflammable gas collected in gas-liquid separation carry out depickling, detar, dehydration, dedirt gas
Body purifies processing up to standard, collect, deposit and utilization purify it is up to standard after imflammable gas；
(6) combustion gas is utilized：Imflammable gas after purification is conveyed into jet dynamic control to be generated electricity, or by combustion gas
Vapor is produced as fuel supply steam boiler, Steam Turbine generating, and the waste heat to being produced in generating are carried out with vapor
Utilized, or regard combustion gas as industry and the fuel of resident；
In the present inventive method, the screening machine in described pretreatment refers to：Drum-type screening machine, vibratory sieve separator,
Photometric sorter, pneumatic separator；
In the present inventive method, the fermentation in described biochemical degradation refers to：According to known anaerobic fermentation of organisms or
It is the technical principle of aerobic fermentation, the carbohydrate in rubbish is carried out to the fermentation of anaerobe, methane gas is broken down into
Body, water and organic detritus, or by the high melon and fruit peel of moisture content in rubbish, the carbohydrate such as dish leaf kitchen garbage carries out aerobic
Fermentation, resolves into carbon dioxide, water and a small amount of debris；The gas that fermentation is produced passes through lime slurry or other alkali lye
The carbon dioxide and other sour gas for absorbing and being emitted in fermentation are neutralized, is not separated by the methane gas of alkali liquor absorption
Go out, collect and recycle.
Generally, the weight of remaining organic detritus (main component is humic acid) accounts for carbon aquation before fermentation after fermentation
The 10-20% (wt%) of polymer weight；Carbohydrate in rubbish is made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and the element of oxygen (O) three
Organic compound, mainly by rot melon and fruit, melon and fruit peel, the residual leaf of vegetables, kitchen restaurant rubbish, after the meal remain food constituted, it is aqueous
Rate is at 70-90% (wt%)；Moisture (Wt%) is more than its solid contents on dry basis (Wt%) of several times in carbohydrate；Such as
One 102 grams of apple, the solid residue after squeezing the juice only has 15.6 grams, and juice or moisture account for 86.4 grams, and moisture is 84.37%
(W%)；By fermentation process, carbohydrate in these rubbish is turned into carbon dioxide, water and a small amount of had by biochemical degradation
Machine residue, remaining organic detritus weight is the 10-20% of carbohydrate garbage weight before fermentation, carbon hydrate after fermentation
More than 70% molecular structure water is decomposed and removed in thing；Such as the remaining organic detritus after 1000 kilograms of watermelon peel aerobic fermentations
For 106 kilograms；By biochemical fermentation, the constitution water in carbohydrate rubbish is separated, and the remaining organic detritus that ferments holds
Product is the 10-30% (v/v%) of carbohydrate rubbish volume before fermentation, passes through the fermentation to carbohydrate in rubbish
Processing, substantially reduces the moisture weight degree (W%) in house refuse, the weight percent content of solid butt
(W%) rise significantly；Therefore, it is big in house refuse by the biochemical degradation or fermentation process to house refuse carbohydrate
The molecular structure water of amount is decomposed and removed, and the volume of rubbish material is substantially reduced, and has obtained first time minimizing processing, simultaneously
Moisture is separated in ground, rubbish, causes the calorific capacity of rubbish to rise significantly, its calorific capacity can be met or more than now rubbish
Burn to cinder institute calorific requirement；Biochemical degradation or fermentation temperature are typically maintained in 30-35 DEG C, but in traditional rubbish thermal decomposition, dry
Evaporate, in waste incineration method, the most of moisture in rubbish be all be dried by absorbing substantial amounts of heat of vaporization, evaporate after removing
, therefore substantial amounts of energy waste is caused, substantially increase the integrated cost of garbage disposal；
Therefore, using the biochemical degradation or fermentation process of low energy consumption, the carbohydrate of low heat value in house refuse is entered
Row biochemical degradation, sloughs the molecular structure water more than (wt%) 70% in carbohydrate rubbish, carbohydrate rubbish is entered
The volume reduction of row more than 70% and decrement, improve the synthesis calorific value of solid refuse material；This, is exactly one of feature of the present invention；
In the present inventive method, described destructive gasifying, can be used any one in following two kinds of pyrogenic distillation gasification methods
The method of kind：
First method：According to the manufacturing technology of water gas two-stage gasifier or gasification of biomass, destructive gasifying equipment (such as carbonization gas
Change stove) in material with air directly contact progress anoxycausis destructive gasifying, in destructive gasifying equipment, rubbish material according to
It is secondary behind dry section, cracking zone, zoneofoxidation, reducing zone, be decomposed into combustion gas and lime-ash；
Second method：According to the destructive gasifying technology under known oxygen free condition, under conditions of completely isolated air,
Rubbish material is added in closed destructive gasifying equipment, using indirect heating manner, make material in destructive gasifying equipment by
Gasification, cracking, generation gas-phase product and carbon residue occur after heat；
Organic matter (biomass and hydrocarbons) in rubbish is main to occur following heat in the pyrolytic reaction of destructive gasifying
Solution reaction：
The first pyrogenic distillation gasification method is：According to the manufacturing technology of water gas two-stage gasifier or gasification of biomass, in anoxia condition
Under to material carry out destructive gasifying：Rubbish material is transported in destructive gasifying equipment (such as vertical carbonization gasified boiler), Ke Yicong
The top or middle part of carbonization gasified boiler are fed in carbonization gasified boiler, and the gasifying agent into carbonization gasified boiler can be sky gas and water
Steam or oxygen；900-1200 DEG C of the high-temperature gas that oxidizing fire area in carbonization gasified boiler is produced directly connects with rubbish material
The raw heat transfer of triggering, supply rubbish material thermally decomposed or destructive gasifying needed for heat, enter the material in carbonization gasified boiler
Capable be further dried, be pyrolyzed or gasify, aoxidize (carbon residue burning) and reduction process；Reducing zone temperature control in gasification furnace exists
800 DEG C or so, the temperature control in oxidizing fire area is at 900-1200 DEG C, and the temperature control of cracking zone is in 400-700 DEG C, dry section
Temperature control at 300 DEG C or so, the control of gasification furnace pressure is in tiny structure (as using conventional downdraft fixed bed gasification
Stove) or a little higher than normal pressure (as using updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace or fluidized-bed gasification furnace), when material is handled in gasification furnace
Between at 0.1-1 hours；Pyrolysis produces gas-phase product and inorganic lime-ash, and gas-phase product (such as uses updraft type from the top of gasification furnace
Fixed-bed gasification furnace or fluidized-bed gasification furnace) or bottom (as using downdraft fixed-bed gasification furnace) discharge gasification furnace, inorganic ash
Slag discharges gasification furnace from the bottom of gasification furnace；Constantly collect and (be mainly using the gas-phase product produced in carbonization gasified boiler
Imflammable gas) or solid lime-ash；
In destructive gasifying equipment, organic matter, not hydrogeneous (H) are free of in the pyrolysis carbon residue for dropping into oxidation (or burning) layer
With oxygen (O) element, carbon residue is a kind of residue being made up of charcoal (C) element and inorganic dust, completely innoxious, this to be free of
When burning only following chemical reaction can occur for the remaining mineral residue of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) element：
C+O2=CO2
Because (H) not hydrogeneous in residue or oxygen (O), it is impossible to occur following chemical reaction：
So, in the overall process of rubbish destructive distillation vaporization, dioxin (PCDFS) generation be curbed；
Second method is：According to the pyrolysis technology of the destructive gasifying under known oxygen free condition, in completely isolated sky
Under conditions of gas (or oxygen), by rubbish material be transported to conventional closed destructive gasifying equipment (such as horizontal rotary reactor,
Horizontal spiral stirred reactor kettle) in, using heating furnace burn produce high-temperature flue gas, electric heating (such as plasma apparatus heat,
Or intermediate frequency or high-frequency electromagnetic are heated), or the outer wall using high-temperature heat carrier (such as conduction oil, fuse salt) to destructive gasifying equipment
Or/and internal progress indirectly heat, the temperature after making the material in destructive gasifying equipment heated reaches 300-500 DEG C, and occurs
Pressure in the thermal decomposition of organic matter in garbage, destructive gasifying equipment can be negative pressure, normal pressure or a little higher than normal pressure, and destructive distillation is produced
Gas-phase product and solid carbon residue (C)；Gas-phase product constantly discharges destructive gasifying equipment；Constantly collected using conventional method
And utilize the gas-phase product (mainly imflammable gas) and carbon residue produced after destructive distillation；
In the present inventive method, described gas-liquid separation, further comprises：, will be dry using known gas-liquid separating method
Evaporating the gas-phase product discharged in equipment for gasification and enter promoting the circulation of qi -- liquid is separated, and is condensed including to gas-phase product, collects condensation
The products such as the miscella (biological tar and hydrocarbon ils), waste water and the incoagulable combustion gas that obtain afterwards；Normally, using venturi gas-liquid
Separator, electrical tar precipitator isolate the tar in gas-phase product, are separated miscella with waste water with oil water separator；
Miscella is separated with waste water using the mutual insolubility and density difference of oil and water, combustion gas, miscella are received respectively
Collection carries out discharging after purified treatment is up to standard with utilizing, to waste water；
In the present inventive method, described gas-purification further comprises：The combustion gas of collection is incorporated into gas-purification to set
In standby, de- sour gas (i.e. desulfurization, dechlorination, denitrogenation), detar, dehydration and the purification of dedirt processing up to standard are carried out to combustion gas；
The capital equipment of gas-purification includes：Electrical tar precipitator, wet method (spray column) desulfurating dust-removing equipment, (spray of semidry method cleaning equipment
Mist drying+deduster), dry scrubbing plant (dry method duct injection+deduster), active carbon adsorber, molecular sieve adsorber etc.,
What preferably the present inventor of the invention authorized《A kind of gas cleaning plant》ZL：201220564006.8 adhesion, should
Equipment effectively can remove or purify tar, acidic materials, dust and water in refuse pyrolysis combustion gas or biomass-pyrolysis fuel gas
Point；
In the present inventive method, described fuel gas generation, further comprises collecting and the imflammable gas of deposit is conveyed
Generated electricity, the high-temperature flue gas discharged during can jet dynamic control be generated electricity carries out heat recovery, used to jet dynamic control
High-temperature flue gas produces vapor as thermal source to waste heat steam boiler heat supply, is generated electricity with vapor driving Turbo-generator Set；
Described rubbish is husky comprising house refuse, rural garbage, kitchen garbage, medical waste, sludge, oil, or with next
Plant or a variety of following discarded organic substances：
I) organic polymer：Including：Waste plastics, scrap rubber, nylon, useless hydrocarbon ils；
Ii) organic fiber material：Including：Fabric, clothing, waste paper, chemical fibre, plant, cotton, cloth, yarn, wood, leaf, stem,
Shell, branch, grass；
Iii) carbohydrate：Including：Starch, animal and plant fat, oil plant, oilseeds, rot melon and fruit, excrement,
Melon and fruit peel, vegetables residue, after the meal kitchen restaurant rubbish, surplus food, hair, bone, animal viscera, human tissue organ；
Iv) its organic remains：Including：Leather, medicinal material, pigment, paint, organic chemical industry's waste product, oil are husky, decorate rubbish
The assorted tool of rubbish, family expenses：
It is an advantage of the invention that：
1. the rural area organic waste of domestic waste, particularly low heat value, by the fermentation process of biochemical degradation, rubbish
Molecular structure water 70% in material more than (wt%), which is separated, to be removed, and the degree of rubbish material reclaimed water is substantially reduced,
The volume and weight of rubbish material has obtained substantial amounts of reduction, and the calorific value of rubbish material is improved so that garbage disposal
Energy consumption is substantially reduced, and in particular improves rear processing apparatus (such as destructive gasifying equipment) in the processing to rubbish of unit interval
Amount；So that the processing of rubbish becomes more to save, the investment and operating cost for making the processed in units amount of rubbish are substantially reduced；
2. making rubbish volume reduction, decrement using the method for biochemical degradation and destructive gasifying, dislike because producing, be truly realized without two
Domestic rubbish disposal it is innoxious；
3. the imflammable gas product cleaned after rubbish destructive distillation, is generated electricity using combustion gas, or using combustion gas to residence
The family expenses supply of the people, or combustion gas is used for the heating of industrial furnace, it is truly realized the recycling of garbage disposal；
4. equipment of the present invention belongs to conventional equipment, reliable, technology maturation is simple in construction, maintenance
It is convenient, it is cheap；
5. the invention belongs to serialization waste disposal method, the house refuse that pile up like a mountain fully can thoroughly be carried out
Minimizing, innoxious and recycling, with good creativeness, novelty and industrial applicibility.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the process chart of the inventive method；
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, in three following embodiments of the invention, the present invention is not limited except as；The method of the present invention
Including：House refuse the technique such as is utilized into according to pretreatment, biochemical degradation, destructive distillation vaporization, gas-liquid separation, gas-purification and combustion gas
Flow carries out continuous treatment；
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, comprise the concrete steps that：
I) pre-process：Domestic waste is shipped by rubbish vehicle, is added after being weighed through weighbridge in garbage pool, and garbage pool is held
Product is about 1000-2000m3, clamshell crane is installed at the top of garbage pool, collapse of setting and feed for rubbish；First by magnetic separation
Machine separates ferrous metal, then artificial hand selection, removes the big part discarded object such as larger masonry, large bamboo or wicker basket, separately harmless treatment；With
Bag-breaking machine is picked up and be moved into 1000KG house refuses by clamshell crane, and the rubbish after broken bag processing, broken bag is carried out to rubbish
Rubbish, which falls into conveyer and is conveyed into rotary screen separator, to be sieved, waste plastics, the paper collected and sieved using separator respectively
The lower melon and fruit peel of 203 kilograms of the rubbish light material (aqueous 9.7%, wt%) of bits, cloth, rope etc., sieve, dish leaf, remain after the meal eat,
729 kilograms of the rubbish such as soil heavier feeds, and the 68kg such as larger stone and ironware；
Ii) biochemical degradation：Invented using the applicant《House refuse and/or the quick aerobic fermentation of kitchen garbage dress
Put》ZL：Rubbish heavier feeds rubbish under 201310041024.7 device, 729 kilograms of the sieve that will be collected in above-mentioned i) pretreatment
Rubbish (such as dish leaf, after the meal pericarp, surplus food, the mixed material of silt) is as fermentation materials, with appropriate aerobic microbiological bacterium (" hundred
Hua Shan " boards), it is well mixed by known technical formula, C/N is reached 20-30, then, be added in fermentation cabin, is fed
Or discharging belongs to intermittent operation, is fermented using hot-air, by adjusting the high or low of the air themperature inputted, control is gone
Optimum temperature of each fermentation stage in fermentation needed for technique, improves the speed of fermentation, and especially, hot-air can go here and there hair
The moisture film of ferment surface of material, penetrates into the degree of fermentation materials internal layer, improves fermenting speed；Fermentation materials are opened from room temperature state
Begin, be directly inputted to using hot-air in fermentation cabin, make hot-air and fermentation materials direct contact heat transfer, make the temperature of fermentation materials
Degree is climbed to hot stage (50-80 DEG C), is quickly fermented, and is made using the biochemical decomposition of high temperature thermophilic microorganism bacterium
Rapidly degraded with by organic matter；Then, the temperature for the air being input in fermentation cabin is adjusted and reduces, will using Cryogenic air
The fermentation materials temperature of hot stage (50-80 DEG C) is rapidly reduced to middle thermophase (25-40 DEG C), carries out becoming thoroughly decomposed the phase for later stage
Fermentation, fermentation the overall process time be 2-3 days complete, fermentation finish after, be collected into 208 kilograms (aqueous 29.5%, Wt%) send out
Resultant product after ferment, and fermentation cabin is discharged, collect and utilize the leftover materials after fermentation；Neutralized using lime slurry absorption tower
The acid gas-phase product of purified treatment fermentation discharge；Collect the waste water produced in fermentation, waste water row up to standard after purified treatment
Put；
Iii) destructive distillation is vaporized：It is authorized using the applicant《A kind of rotation of pyrolyzing coal or rubbish organic waste
Reactor》ZL 201320236505.9 equipment, by 203 kilograms of rubbish light material and above-mentioned ii on above-mentioned sieve i) collected
The rubbish materials such as 208 kilograms of the resultant product (aqueous 29.5%, Wt%) after the fermentation of collection are continually fed into conveyer
In horizontal rotary drying machine, 150-120 DEG C of hot-air is inputted and passed in horizontal rotary drying machine with material directly contact
Heat, carries out heating evaporation and dehydration to material, the vapor and waste gas that are produced in horizontal rotary drying machine is incorporated into gas net
Makeup is discharged after putting the purification processing up to standard of interior progress gas；Material after drying and dehydrating is transported to closed horizontal rotary cylinder
In body cracking reaction kettle, the outer wall with fuel oil as thermal source to horizontal rotary cylinder cracking reaction kettle is heated, in cracking reaction kettle
Temperature control at 350-390 DEG C, Stress control is in 0.03-0.08MPa；Rubbish material is in the closed horizontal rotary cylinder of anaerobic
Constantly rolled up and down in cracking reaction kettle, rubbish material enters from one end of horizontal rotary cylinder cracking reaction kettle, from another
End discharge, the pyrolysis time that the other end is shifted in one end of rubbish material from horizontal rotary cylinder reactor can be controlled in 25-30 points
The heat scission reaction of clock, now the organic matter generation destructive gasifying in rubbish material, after cracking reaction, rubbish material is divided
Solution is into solid residue and gas-phase product (i.e. CO2、H2O and imflammable gas)；Collect and reacted using from horizontal rotary cylinder respectively
The gas-phase product and 70.4 kilograms of residues of kettle discharge；
Iv) gas-liquid separation：By above-mentioned iii) discharge gas-phase product by condensation, venturi separator, electrical tar precipitator
Afterwards, miscella, water and incoagulable imflammable gas (H are obtained2, C1-C4)；Imflammable gas row is transported to back segment process and entered
Row purified treatment and utilization, are collected into 36.5kg miscella and are burnt as fuel in combustion furnace generation high-temperature flue gas (900-
1100 DEG C) give iii) the outer wall heating of doing the horizontal rotary cylinder reactor in leavened gasification carries out destructive distillation vaporization or pyrolytic reaction；
The waste water of collection reaches after purified treatment《GB18918-2002》First discharge standard, is then discharged；The solid of collection is residual
Slag burns in combustion furnace recovery heat as fuel, the inorganic lime-ash discharge combustion furnace that combustion furnace is produced, and this lime-ash can be through
Magnetic separator is used as brick-making raw material after reclaiming metal, crushing, purification.
V) gas-purification：It is authorized using the applicant《A kind of gas cleaning plant》ZL：201220564006.8
Adhesion and operation, by above-mentioned iv) flammable vapor collected carries out de- sour gas (such as hydrogen sulfide, titanium dioxide
Sulphur, hydrogen chloride, carbon dioxide), detar, dehydration, the gas-purification processing up to standard of dedirt；Collect, lay in and reached using purification
Imflammable gas 216m after mark3(calorific value of gas is 18.2MJ/Nm3), the combustion gas after purification is according to national standard《GB/T12208-
1990》The detection method of tar and dust content is detected in city gas, and the quality of combustion gas meets (DB37/253-2007)
Specified in indices；
Vi) combustion gas is utilized：Using Lodz blower fan by the combustion gas of the requisite quality after above-mentioned v) gas-purification from combustion gas container
Inside it is transported to jet dynamic control (justice deal out the cards comingses serial jet dynamic control -100GF-SJ, generator mark-HCI5C)
In the internal combustion engine for configuring connection, driving internal combustion engine work is rotated by internal-combustion engine drives generator and generated electricity, and the generating number of degrees are 329 degree
Electric (KWH)；The high-temperature flue gas that constantly above-mentioned internal combustion engine (350GF-SJ) is discharged is incorporated into waste heat boiler, uses waste heat boiler
Reclaim heat and produce steam, and use steam as the energy, be input to the steam turbine engines coupled with generator configuration
In (Steam turbine), driving steam turbine engines work drives generator to rotate and generated electricity by steam turbine；
Following key data and result are obtained by above-mentioned technical process：
House refuse： 1000KG；
Mean calorie：1020 kilocalories/kilogram, or 4263KJ/kg；
Rubbish physical property (W%)：Moisture 32.8%, total solid class (including carbohydrate, waste plastics,
Cellulose, starch, metal, flyash etc.) 67.2%, pH value is
8.5, specific volume is 0.39 ton/m3；
The volume of 1000KG rubbish： 2.56M3
Rubbish elementary analysis：H 7.2% (wt%)；C 21.1% (wt%)；O50.12% (wt%)；
S 0.34% (wt%)；N1.2% (wt%), metal and inorganic matter
20.14% (wt%)；
Aerobic fermentation temperature： 30-35℃；
The aerobic fermentation time：72 hours
Fermenting agent：Baihua Shan Mountain " board fermenting agent, is produced by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences；
Residues：208 kilograms (aqueous 29.5%, wt%)；
Cracking reaction temperature in the kettle： 350-390℃；
Pressure in cracking reaction kettle： 0.03-0.08Mpa
Combustion grate goes out flue-gas temperature：850-1050℃；
Reaction product (W%)：
Miscella：36.5KG, accounts for 3.65%；
Imflammable gas (H2、CO、C1-C4)：199.9KG, account for 19.99%；
The yield of combustion gas：216 cubic metres；
Imflammable gas calorific value： 18.2MJ/Nm3
Fuel gas generation amount： 329KWH；
Stone and ironware： 68kg；
Destructive gasifying carbon residue： 70.4KG
Above solid adds up to：138.4KG (68+70.4), accounts for 13.84%；
Moisture (including fermentation dehydration, water of cracking generation) 597.1KG, accounts for 59.71%；
Other (including acid gas components in flue gas)：28.1KG, accounts for 2.81%；
Rubbish volume reduction effect：
The averag density of residue and metal：2.01 tons/M3
138.4KG solid accounts for volume： 0.069M3(0.1384÷2.01)
Rubbish volume reduction rate (V%)：97.3% [(2.56-0.069)/2.56 × 100%]
Waste reduction rate (Wt%)：97.3% [100%-2.7%]
Embodiment two
As shown in Figure 1, comprise the concrete steps that：
I) pre-process：It is identical with the operating method of embodiment one；203 kilograms of the rubbish light material sieved is (aqueous
9.7%, wt%), sieve under 729 kilograms of rubbish heavier feeds and stone and ironware 68kg；
Ii) biochemical degradation：It is identical with the operating method of embodiment one, 729 kilograms of heavier feeds under the sieve that pretreatment is obtained
Carry out fermentation process, 208 kilograms of the catabolite after being fermented；
Iii) destructive gasifying：It is authorized using the applicant《A kind of pyrolysis catalytic gasification furnace of house refuse》ZL
201320182361.3 equipment (down-draft type gasifying furnace) and operation, using reciprocating hydraulic machine by rubbish on above-mentioned sieve i) collected
203 kilograms of rubbish light material and ii) collect fermentation after this two kinds of materials of 208 kilograms of catabolite without dry and be dehydrated
Processing, but be directly transported in closed carbonization gasified boiler, gasifying agent is used air as, under anoxic conditions to institute
State the rubbish material in gasification furnace and carry out destructive gasifying, rubbish material is successively by the dehydration of dry section, the pyrolysis vapour of cracking zone
Change, and combustion zone (reducing zone and zoneofoxidation) carbon residue burn processing and thermally decompose；The temperature of dry section in gasification furnace
Degree control is at 280-300 DEG C or so, and the temperature control of cracking zone is at 500-700 DEG C, and the temperature control in oxidizing fire area is in 900-
1200 DEG C or so, reducing zone temperature control is at 700-800 DEG C or so, gasification furnace pressure control 0.02-0.09MPa, carbonization gas
The thermal decomposition process of change is 63 minutes；Pyrolysis produces gas-phase product and lime-ash, and gas-phase product discharges gas from the middle and lower part of gasification furnace
Change stove, lime-ash discharges gasification furnace from the bottom of gasification furnace, collect and utilize the gas-phase product and 32.5 discharged from carbonization gasified boiler
Kilogram lime-ash；This lime-ash is used as brick-making raw material after metal, crushing, purification being reclaimed through magnetic separator；
Iv) gas-liquid separation：By above-mentioned iii) discharge gas-phase product by condensation, venturi separator, electrical tar precipitator
Afterwards, tar, water and incoagulable imflammable gas are obtained；Imflammable gas row be transported to back segment process carry out purified treatment and
Utilize；The tar of collection returns to carbonization gasified boiler and further thermally decomposes manufacture combustion gas；The waste water of collection is after purified treatment
Qualified discharge；
V) gas-purification：According to the method for embodiment one, to above-mentioned iv) combustion gas collected carries out purification processing up to standard, most
Collect afterwards and obtain calorific value for 7.8MJ/Nm3Imflammable gas be 412M3, the combustion gas after purification is according to national standard《GB/T12208-
1990》The detection method of tar and dust content is detected in city gas, and the quality of combustion gas meets (DB37/253-2007)
Specified in indices；
Vi) combustion gas is utilized：Using Lodz blower fan by the 412M after above-mentioned v) gas-purification3Combustion gas is conveyed out of combustion gas container
In the internal combustion engine that connection is configured to jet dynamic control, driving internal combustion engine work is rotated by internal-combustion engine drives generator and generated electricity, hair
Electric degree number is 313 degree electric (KWH)；
Following key data and result are obtained by above-mentioned technical process：
House refuse： 1000KG；
Mean calorie：1020 kilocalories/kilogram, or 4263KJ/kg；
Rubbish physical property (W%)：Moisture 32.8%, total solid class (including carbohydrate, waste plastics,
Cellulose, starch, metal, flyash etc.) 67.2%, pH value is
8.5, specific volume is 0.39 ton/m3；
The volume of 1000KG rubbish： 2.56M3
Rubbish elementary analysis：H 7.2% (wt%)；C 21.1% (wt%)；O50.12% (wt%)；
S 0.34% (wt%)；N 1.2% (wt%), metal and inorganic matter
20.14% (wt%)；
Aerobic fermentation temperature： 30-35℃；
The aerobic fermentation time：72 hours
Fermenting agent：Baihua Shan Mountain " board fermenting agent, is produced by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences；
Residues：208 kilograms (aqueous 29.5%, wt%)；
Gasify in-furnace temperature：
Drying layer： 280-300℃；
Cleaving layer： 500-700℃
Oxidizing fire layer： 900-1200℃；
Reduction reaction layer： 700-800℃；
Reaction product (W%)：
The yield of combustion gas：412 cubic metres of (N2、H2, C1-C4, CO)；
Imflammable gas calorific value： 7.8MJ/Nm3
Fuel gas generation amount： 313KWH
Inorganic residues and metal： 112.1KG
Moisture (including fermentation dehydration, water of destructive gasifying collection) 591.6KG.
Embodiment three
As shown in Figure 1, comprise the concrete steps that：
I) pre-process：1000 kilograms of rural garbage (wherein, waste plastics is 15 kilograms, accounts for 1.5%, wt%) is by rubbish vehicle
Ship, manually remove Bulky Waste, masonry and the ironware in rubbish, ironware is isolated in magnetic separation, then is incited somebody to action with to a kind of jade formula disintegrating machine
Rubbish is torn up as less than 20 centimeters sizes；Result is：Isolate stone and metal amount to 58 kilograms, be removed stone and
942 kilograms of other rubbish (wherein, comprising waste plastics 15 kilograms) after ironware, are collected and standby；
Ii) biochemical degradation：
The 942 kilograms of rubbish collected in above-mentioned i) pretreatment are added to life by method be the same as Example one as fermentation materials
Change the fermentation process that biochemical degradation is carried out in the Zymolysis Equipment of degraded, by fermentation process, the catabolite after being fermented is
242 kilograms, wherein, including 6.2%, Wt% not being accounted for by 15 kilograms of the waste plastics of biochemical degradation, the moisture content of catabolite is
28.1%, Wt%；
Iii) destructive gasifying：
Method be the same as Example two, by above-mentioned ii) (including waste plastics 15 is public for 242 kilograms of catabolite after the fermentation collected
Jin) it is continually fed into conveyer in horizontal rotary drying machine, 150-120 DEG C of hot-air is inputted into horizontal rotary drying machine
It is interior to be conducted heat with material directly contact, heating evaporation and dehydration, the water that will be produced in horizontal rotary drying machine are carried out to material
Steam and waste gas are discharged after being incorporated into the purification processing up to standard that gas is carried out in gas cleaning plant；By the material after drying and dehydrating
The thermal decomposition that destructive gasifying (using down-draft type gasifying furnace) is carried out in closed carbonization gasified boiler is transported to, destructive gasifying produces gas
Phase product and lime-ash, collect and utilize the gas-phase product and lime-ash discharged from carbonization gasified boiler；
Iv) gas-liquid separation：Method be the same as Example one；
V) gas-purification：According to the method for embodiment one, to above-mentioned iv) combustion gas collected carries out purification processing up to standard, most
Collect afterwards and obtain calorific value for 6.5MJ/Nm3Imflammable gas 280M3, the combustion gas after purification is according to national standard《GB/T12208-
1990》The detection method of tar and dust content is detected in city gas, and the quality of combustion gas meets (DB37/253-2007)
Specified in indices；
Vi) combustion gas is utilized：Using Lodz blower fan by the 280M after above-mentioned v) gas-purification3Combustion gas is conveyed out of combustion gas container
In the internal combustion engine that connection is configured to jet dynamic control, driving internal combustion engine work is rotated by internal-combustion engine drives generator and generated electricity, hair
Electric degree number is 153 degree electric (KWH)；
Following key data and result are obtained by above-mentioned technical process：
Rural garbage： 1000KG；
Main component：Dish leaf, melon and fruit peel, grass, branch, leaf, stalk, root, soil, paper
Bits, cloth, livestock and poultry hair, human excrement, feces of livestock and poultry and a small amount of waste plastics；
Rubbish physical property (W%)：Moisture 32.1%, total solid class (including carbohydrate, cellulose,
Starch etc.) 70.9%, pH value is 7.5, and specific volume is 0.58 ton/m3；
Mean calorie：586 kilocalories/kilogram, or 2453KJ/kg；
The volume of 1000KG rubbish： 1.72M3
Aerobic fermentation temperature： 30-35℃；
The aerobic fermentation time：70 hours
Fermenting agent：Baihua Shan Mountain " board fermenting agent, is produced by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences；
Residues：242 kilograms (aqueous 29.5%, wt%)；
Gasify in-furnace temperature：
Drying layer： 280-300℃；
Cleaving layer： 500-700℃
Oxidizing fire layer： 900-1200℃；
Reduction reaction layer： 700-800℃；
Gas-fired products：
The yield of combustion gas：280 cubic metres of (N2、H2, C1-C4, CO)；
Imflammable gas calorific value： 6.5MJ/Nm3
Fuel gas generation amount： 153KWH.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of energy-saving rubbish destructive distillation combustion gas and the method for fuel gas generation, comprise the following steps：
(1) pre-process：Rubbish is shipped by rubbish vehicle, is weighed through weighbridge, is manually removed Bulky Waste, masonry, is removed with magnetic separator
Metal is removed, broken bag, broken preliminary treatment are carried out with bag-breaking machine；Collect and using the rubbish material after preliminary treatment, or will
Rubbish material after preliminary treatment is further sorted with screening machine, light material on the sieve screened out is collected respectively, under sieve
Heavier feeds；
(2) biochemical degradation：Rubbish material after preliminary treatment in pretreatment fermented, or will be sub-elected in pretreatment
The lower heavier feeds of sieve are fermented, and a certain amount of fermentative microorganism microbial inoculum and the material of fermentation are mixed, according to known fermentation
Technical conditions are fermented, and fermentation makes the carbohydrate in rubbish material be decomposed into gas, water and organic detritus, are collected
The gas produced with purified treatment in fermentation, collects the waste water produced with purified treatment in fermentation, collects and utilize fermentation
Solid material afterwards；
(3) destructive gasifying：By rubbish light material on the solid material collected after biochemical degradation and/or the sieve collected in pretreatment
It is added in drying equipment and dehydration is dried, is then delivered in closed destructive gasifying equipment and carries out destructive gasifying；It can adopt
With the pyrolysis technology principle under known oxygen free condition, the destructive gasifying of indirectly heat is carried out to the material in distillation apparatus,
Manufacturing technology principle that can also be according to water gas two-stage gasifier or gasification of biomass, carries out the anoxic of material in destructive gasifying equipment
The destructive gasifying of burning；Stress control in destructive gasifying is in negative pressure, normal pressure or a little higher than normal pressure, and destructive gasifying produces gas phase production
Thing and residue, the gas-phase product collected and produced using destructive gasifying discharge residue from destructive gasifying equipment, collect and utilize
The residue of discharge；
(4) gas-liquid separation：Using the known liquid isolation technics principle of gas one, the gas-phase product collected in destructive gasifying is carried out
Gas -- liquid is separated or condensed, and isolates miscella, waste water and imflammable gas；Flammable combustion gas, miscella are received respectively
Collection, utilization, purification processing up to standard is carried out to waste water；
(5) gas-purification：The gas of the imflammable gas collected in gas-liquid separation progress depickling, detar, dehydration, dedirt is net
Change processing up to standard, collect, deposit and utilization purify it is up to standard after imflammable gas；
(6) combustion gas is utilized：Imflammable gas after purification is conveyed into jet dynamic control to be generated electricity, or using combustion gas as
Fuel supply steam boiler produces vapor, Steam Turbine generating is carried out with vapor, and the waste heat produced in generating is carried out
Utilize, or regard combustion gas as industry and the fuel of resident.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Fermentation in described biochemical degradation refers to：Have according to known
The technical principle of machine thing anaerobic fermentation or aerobic fermentation, the carbohydrate in rubbish is carried out the fermentation of anaerobe, quilt
Methane gas, water and organic detritus are resolved into, or the carbohydrate in rubbish is subjected to the fermentation of aerobic microbiological, is divided
Solution is into carbon dioxide, water and debris；The gas produced ferment by being fermented in lime slurry or other alkali lye with absorption
In the carbon dioxide and other sour gas that emit, be not separated by the methane gas of alkali liquor absorption, collect and reclaim
Utilize.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described destructive gasifying, can use following two kinds of destructive gasifyings
Any one method in method：
First method：According to the manufacturing technology of water gas two-stage gasifier or gasification of biomass, material in destructive gasifying equipment with it is empty
Gas directly contacts the destructive gasifying for carrying out anoxycausis, in destructive gasifying equipment, and rubbish material sequentially passes through dry section, cracking
Behind area, zoneofoxidation, reducing zone, combustion gas and lime-ash are decomposed into；
Second method：According to the destructive gasifying technology under known oxygen free condition, under conditions of completely isolated air, by rubbish
Rubbish material is added in closed destructive gasifying equipment, using indirect heating manner, after making the material in destructive gasifying equipment heated
Generation gasification, cracking, generation gas-phase product and carbon residue.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described rubbish includes house refuse, rural garbage, kitchen rubbish
Rubbish, medical waste, sludge, oil are husky.
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| CN108300517A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-07-20 | 吴宽永 | It is a kind of to utilize pyrolysis of waste vaporized carbon elelctrochemical power generation device |
| CN109807161A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-05-28 | 华电高科(北京)科技有限公司 | The innoxious coupled electricity-generation technique of organic solid waste in a kind of rubbish |
| CN109899800A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-06-18 | 广州鼎晟环境能源科技有限公司 | Based on the compound thermal cracking gasification treatment process of house refuse and system |
| CN110280562A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-27 | 北京中源创能工程技术有限公司 | Organic waste cooperative processing method and system |
| CN113546946A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-10-26 | 浙江中蓝环境科技有限公司 | Anaerobic dry distillation treatment method for medical waste |
| CN115488138A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-12-20 | 华星智能物联(温州)有限公司 | Thermal cracking continuous treatment process for medical waste |
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| CN103230929A (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2013-08-07 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Dry fermentation and gasification combined treatment system for kitchen waste |
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| CN110280562A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-27 | 北京中源创能工程技术有限公司 | Organic waste cooperative processing method and system |
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Application publication date: 20171003 |