CN1072250A - The improvement of helical gear, bevel gear and worm gear pair structure - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of simple, compact, effectively and can self-aligning helical gear, the gear pair of bevel gear and worm gear pair type, form by first and second geared parts, in them any or two are made up of internals and an outer part, internals with input or output axle, outer part constitutes the gear teeth.Internals are shaped on the interior raceway face and the one first ring shoulder of a low order derivative hyperboloid shape, and outer part is shaped on the outer raceway face of a higher derivative hyperboloid shape.The cylindrical rollers of a plurality of transmission thrusts places in the annular space between inside and outside raceway, and is line along bus with inside and outside raceway face and contacts.

Description

The improvement of helical gear, bevel gear and worm gear pair structure

The present invention generally relates to the engaging member of transmitting torque, relates more specifically to have the gear engagement part of helical gear, bevel gear and the worm gear pair type of self aligned unidirectional characteristic.

Helical gear, bevel gear and worm gear pair are widely used.In certain some example, wish moment of torsion be between first geared parts of gear structure and second geared parts along the transmitting on a direction in relative rotation of described two gears, and on the opposite direction that two geared parts rotate, allow idle running not have the moment of torsion transmission in other words.Yet, want between two geared parts, to provide this unidirectional delivery moment of torsion relation, the optional feature that just need comprise the complexity of many moving elements has unnecessarily increased the friction loss, wear factor and the weight that adopt the equipment of helical gear, bevel gear or worm gear pair.The object lesson that a kind of widely used and structure is too complicated is the planetary gears that uses in most of automotive trannsmission systems.

If can make this gear structure compactness, self is multiple functional, can self-aligning and need not external means, that is just favourable.

For this reason, I have invented a kind of helical gear engaging member and I/O axle of novel structure, wherein moment of torsion is delivered to output shaft from input shaft on a direction in relative rotation at two gears, thereby and in the opposite direction input shaft do not engage diaxon can be relatively rotated with output shaft.And, by adopting the one-way clutch characteristic in one in the gear mechanism of a certain specific orientation or all two geared parts, I can utilize the axial force that produces in helical gear, bevel gear or the worm gear pair to make one-way clutch mechanism remain on self-aligning or positive engagement state.

The present invention is made up of first and second geared parts that constitute a gear pair, and one of them is connected in an input shaft, and another is connected in an output shaft, and the rotational energy of input shaft is passed to output shaft by these two geared parts like this.In first geared parts that links to each other with input shaft and second geared parts that links to each other with output shaft any or two are made up of two-part, promptly are made up of internals and an outer part, and internals are connected in the axle that inputs or outputs separately, and outer part constitutes the gear teeth.Be shaped on an interior raceway face that is low order derivative hyperboloid shape on the internals, make one first ring shoulder simultaneously at first or larger diameter end place near interior raceway face around the rotation axis of this geared parts.Be shaped on an outer raceway face that is higher derivative hyperboloid shape on the outer part, the ring shoulder that also can not link to each other with outer raceway face can be arranged around the rotation axis of this geared parts.Inside and outside two raceway face are in aspectant relation and have formed the annular space that internals and outer part are separated betwixt.The cylindrical rollers of a plurality of transmission thrusts places in the described space.They all duplicate ground inclined with respect to the radial plane.Each roller along the bus of interior raceway face therewith in raceway face be the line contact, also be line simultaneously and contact along the bus of outer raceway face and raceway face in addition.Roller is by the first ring shoulder axially mounting that links to each other with interior raceway face.Perhaps, the first ring shoulder, first or the larger diameter end that can be located at outer raceway face links to each other with outer raceway face.Bearing member such as thrust washer can be placed between first end of roller and the first ring shoulder and be beneficial to the slip of roller with respect to the ring shoulder.

Said structure has constituted an overrunning clutch that is contained in the hyperboloid type in the geared parts, its according to the input shaft that links to each other with internals or output shaft relatively rotate and outer part be along first direction internals and outside transmitting torque between the part, but dally at the input shaft of opposite direction permission in relative rotation.

Owing to have taper or the curved gear teeth, only road part of the gear mechanism of helical gear, bevel gear or worm gear pair type is that the power along the rotation axis direction of each geared parts is arranged when geared parts rotates.Since when idle running clutch internals with outside part be tending towards separating, thereby the distance between the inside and outside raceway face is increased, therefore interior raceway face and outer raceway face are arranged to when idle running, can utilize these axial forces to push outer part to internals, thereby make the positive engagement of roller maintenance and interior raceway face and outer raceway face.

" reliably " engage be meant each cylindrical rollers all be stained with in raceway face bus therewith in raceway face be the line contact, and the cylindrical rollers of transmitting thrust also is line along the bus of outer raceway face and raceway face in addition and contacts.

An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of helical gear, bevel gear or worm gear pair assembly, wherein rotational energy is delivered to output shaft from input shaft on the first direction in relative rotation of input shaft and output shaft, and output shaft is thrown off from input shaft on opposite direction in relative rotation.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of simple, compact and effective gear mechanism of helical gear, bevel gear or worm gear pair type, and its can self-aligning and therefore can keep the internals of any one or all two geared parts in this gear mechanism and the positive engagement between the outer part.

Specifically present invention is described with reference to accompanying drawing for present general, and these and other purpose of the present invention will become very clear.

Fig. 1 is the front view with bevel gear of feature of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the sectional view along the 2-2 line among Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional figure along the 3-3 line among Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is the front view of a worm screw with worm gear pair of feature of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the sectional view along the 5-5 line among Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional figure along the 6-6 line among Fig. 4.

Fig. 7 is the part sectional front view with helical gear parts of feature of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a helical gear exploded view shown in Figure 7.

Fig. 9 is the helical gear phantom manufactured according to the present invention that is loaded in the planet gear-box.

Figure 10 is the stereogram that adopts the epicyclic gearbox of planetary gear construction of the present invention.

Referring now to accompanying drawing, Fig. 1-3 has shown according to bevel gear 10 of the present invention, but it fuses with the Placement of spline or screw thread and so on and the axle 11 of a mechanical connection, it comprises that one is rigidly connected in axle 11 first parts or internals 12, is shaped on a raceway face 14 in the low order derivative hyperboloid shape rotation that is around the rotation axis 20 of gear 10 on the described internals.Also be shaped on first ring that is connected in first end of interior raceway face 14 on first parts 12 and take on 16.First parts 12 can also its second end make one be connected in the second ring shoulder 18 of raceway face.

Second member of gear 10 is one circumferentially round second parts or the outer part 22 of first parts 12, be shaped on the outer part 22 one around the rotation that is higher derivative hyperboloid shape of axis 20 outside raceway face 24 also constituted an annular space together with interior raceway face 14.The cylindrical rollers 28 of a plurality of transmission thrusts places in the described annular space, they all duplicate ground inclined with respect to the radial plane.Each roller 28 is line along the bus of interior raceway face with interior raceway face 14 and contacts.Each roller 28 also is line along the bus of outer raceway face with outer raceway face 24 and contacts.Roller 28 is by axially supporting of ring shoulder 16 and 18.In ring shoulder 16 and/or the ring shoulder 18 any can be arranged on the outer part 22.Bearing member such as the thrust washer 30 that transmits thrust can place between first end and ring shoulder 16 of roller 28, is beneficial to the slip with respect to the first ring shoulder 16 when first parts 12 rotate with respect to second parts 22 of described roller.Similarly, second bearing member such as annular thrust washer 34 can place between second end and ring shoulder 18 of roller 28, is beneficial to when idle running described roller with respect to the slip of ring shoulder 18.An oil sealing 32 or other parts that are used for sealing can place between first and second parts 12,22 at second end of gear 10 and first end and sentence entering of the outflow that prevents lubricant oil and dirt.Back-up ring 36 or other locating pieces also can be set so that first parts 12 and second parts, 22 axial relative positionings near first end of gear 10.

Around the outer periphery of second parts 22 be provided with a plurality of be suitable for one second bevel gear (not shown) on the bevel gear gear teeth 13 of the inclination that is meshed of the corresponding gear teeth.Because the true dip direction of the gear teeth 13, relatively rotating in the process of all both directions of bevel gear pair, have one in Fig. 2 from right to left pure responsive to axial force on second parts 22.At first parts 12 with respect to second parts, 22 idle periods, this pure axial force is tending towards making inside and outside raceway face 14,24 to keep reliably fitting with roller 28, thus in the rotation of the axle 11 and then first parts 12 from not having play when being transformed in the counterclockwise direction along clockwise direction (on the right of Fig. 1) or skidding.This change that turns to is between the transmitting torque mode and idle running mode of unidirectional bevel gear of the present invention mechanism.

Also considering provides lubricated to roller 28.For this reason, be provided with in the bolt 40 of limiting the quantity of that a lubricant oil enters hole 42 so that the lubricant source (not shown) realizes that with the inner cavity chamber 43 of first parts 12 fluids are communicated with.Therefore oiling agent can enter annular space by one or more radial holes 44 that chamber 43 is connected with annular space between the inside and outside raceway face 14,24.Oiling agent can be come out to flow out through the axial bores in the axle 11 50 by one or one group of radial hole 48 from described annular space by passage 46 again.Also can arbitrarily adopt other oiling agent organization plan.Can adopt installation or connection set such as bolt 51, corresponding axial passageway 52 will be arranged in this case, so that oiling agent is from wherein passing through.Yet the specific lubricating structure of Jie Shiing does not limit the scope of the invention to this here.

Referring now to Fig. 4-6, but they shown with mechanical connection the axle 61 worm gear pairs that fuse a worm screw.Worm screw 60 comprise one with the axle 61 rigidly connected first parts or internals 62.Make a raceway face 64 in the rotation that is low order derivative hyperboloid shape of the spin axis 70 of worm screw 60 on first parts 62.Can also make first a ring shoulder 66 that links to each other with interior raceway face at first end or larger diameter end place on first parts 62 near parts 62.Also can make the second ring shoulder 68 near second end or smaller diameter end place on first parts 62.Around first parts 62 be provided with second parts of making one-way rotation around it or outside be shaped on raceway face 74 outside the rotation that is higher derivative hyperboloid shape of axis 70 on the part 72.Formed an annular space between the surface 64 and 74, the cylindrical rollers 78 of a plurality of transmission thrusts has been set in it.All described roller 78 identical ground are inclined with respect to the radial plane.Each roller 78 is line along the bus of interior raceway face 64 with interior roller surface 64 and contacts.Each roller 78 also is line along the bus of outer raceway face with outer raceway face 74 and contacts.Be more preferably, with one such as thrust washer 80 clutch shaft bearing spare be arranged between first end and ring shoulder 66 of roller 78, be beneficial to when rotating described roller with respect to the slip of described ring shoulder 66 in the idle running mode.Similarly, be arranged between second end of roller 78 and the ring shoulder 68 with second bearing member such as thrust washer 84 and be beneficial to the slip of roller 78 with respect to ring shoulder 68.

Sealing such as oil sealing 82 can place between first parts 62 and second parts 72, to prevent that lubricant flow from losing or dirt enters.

Lubricating structure can be set, make lubricant source form fluids to be communicated with such as enter hole 92 with the oiling agents in the bolt 90 of limiting the quantity of, and inner cavity chamber 93 be communicated with by the annular space formation fluid between hole 94 and surperficial 64,74 with inner cavity chamber 93.Thereby oiling agent can free-flow between roller, because action of centrifugal force and because the diffusion structure on inclined races surface 64,74, oiling agent flows to first end from second end of inside and outside parts 62,72.Oiling agent flow to lubricant outlet hole 100 in the axle 61 through path 96 and one or one group of radial hole 98.Can adopt the link such as bolt 101 that worm screw 60 is connected on the machine part, in this case corresponding axial bore should be arranged.

As the embodiment among Fig. 1-3, lubricating structure only is used for limiting the scope of the invention as an example and not.Also can imagine any other mode that oiling agent can be provided for described roller.

Fig. 7-8 has shown the helical gear assembly 110 that fuses with axle 111, and axle 111 can be connected in a machine part (not shown).Gear assembly 110 comprises that one is rigidly connected to first parts or the internals of axle on 111, be shaped on first parts one in the rotation that is low order derivative hyperboloid shape of the rotation axis 120 of gear 110 raceway face 114.On first parts 112 first end or larger diameter end its be shaped on one be connected in the ring shoulder 116 of first end of raceway face 114 or larger diameter end, gear assembly 110 also comprise second parts that are provided with round first parts 112 or outside part 122, be shaped on described second parts 122 one outside axis 120 is the rotation of higher derivative hyperboloid shape raceway face 124, surface 114 and 124 mutually in the face of and form an annular space betwixt.Also can be shaped on the relative second ring shoulder, 118, the second ring shoulders 118 of the one and first ring shoulder 116 raceway face 114 in being connected on first parts 112 near second end of first parts 112 or smaller diameter end.The external peripheral surface of second parts 122 is connected with to make and is suitable for the oblique gear teeth 126 that are meshed with the corresponding gear teeth (not shown) of respective gears.

The roller 128 of a plurality of transmission thrusts places the described annular space between the inside and outside raceway face 114,124, each described roller 128 and each radial plane by axis 120 are at angle, like this each roller 128 just along the bus of interior raceway face 114 therewith in raceway face 114 be the line contact, and each roller 128 also is line along the bus of outer raceway face 124 and raceway face in addition and contacts.But ring shoulder 116,118 axially mounting rollers 128.Available one clutch shaft bearing spare such as the first annular thrust washer places between first end and ring shoulder 116 of roller 128, is beneficial to when second parts 122 rotate in the idle running mode with respect to first parts 112 roller 128 with respect to the slip of ring shoulder 116.Similarly, also available one second bearing member such as annular thrust washer 134 places between second end of roller 128 and the second ring shoulder 118 and is beneficial to aforesaid slip.

In this preferred embodiment, gear assembly 110 is provided with and can be the lubricating structure that roller 128 provides required continuous lubrication agent stream, with the runnability that guarantees that it is level and smooth.For this reason, the center of bolt 140 is provided with an oiling agent inlet passage 142, makes the lubricant source (not shown) form fluid with lubricated chamber 143 and is communicated with.Chamber 143 is communicated with annular cavity between the outer raceway face 114,124 by the hole 144 that radially is arranged in first parts 112 again.Can increase the flow of oiling agent with a plurality of such holes 144.Under centrifugal action, described oiling agent flows near the ring of first and second parts 112,122 from second end near second thrust washer 134 and takes on 116 first end, and through circumferential passages 146 outflow annular cavitys, then flow through one or one group of radial hole 148, and flow out gears 110 after be positioned at the lubricant outlet path 150 at axle 111 centers.

Should be appreciated that the lubricating structure that proposes for the present invention among Fig. 7 to Fig. 9 also can change with various situations.Therefore, shown concrete structure only can not be used as the restriction to the present invention's scope as an example.

Fig. 9-10 has shown that it is a kind of situation of the planetary pinion casing 160 in the gearbox of all automobiles of power that gear assembly 110 is applied to the internal-combustion engine.In this mode, replace planetary pinion and the idle pulley that uses now by planetary pinion 110 away from the planetary pinion setting with Fig. 7-8, can make the weight of existing epicyclic gear system significantly reduce also can eliminate its brake loss relevant with inertia.Available any art methods is fixed in planetary gear member 160 with gear 110 assemblies, in the corresponding aperture 161 that axle 111 is pressed fit in the planetary gear member 160.Use suitable link that gear 110 assemblies are connected in parts 160 then such as bolt 162 and so on.If adopt the lubricating structure that proposes among each figure in the structure shown in Figure 9, lubricant outlet path 150 should be by the hole 164 and gearbox internal fluid communication of making in bolt 162.

Employing comprises two parts (being raceway member and the outer raceway member of hyperboloid in the hyperboloid), and to place the main benefit of helical gear, bevel gear or worm screw that all is the cylindrical rollers of the transmission thrust that line contacts with inside and outside raceway face therebetween be the axial force that produces in these mechanisms, that is in fact force inside and outside raceway face to keep contact along the power of rotary gear axis line with the roller line, with the outer raceway member of box lunch transform to from dallying with respect to interior raceway member to or can reduce or eliminate during from interior raceway member transmitting torque inside and outside between the race member play or skid.Because the inside and outside raceway face that tilts is together with being the overrunning clutch that the roller that contacts has constituted the hyperboloid type with it, the pending U.S. Patent Application No.07/418 that its structure and performance are submitted at me in March, 1989, fully disclose in 795, here its disclosure is still drawn and is reference.When interior race member is done idle running with respect to outer race member, because the tangent direction friction power that under idling conditions, produces between roller and two raceway face, inside and outside race member during spinning is tending towards being separated from each other vertically, so just is tending towards increasing the distance between the inside and outside raceway face.The axial force that is produced by on record helical gear in the present technique field, bevel gear and worm screw can be used to offset these Separating forces that produce in the clutch during spinning.Should select the direction of the inside and outside raceway face of the geared parts shown in Fig. 2,5 and 7 like this, the axial force that produces in the time of promptly will making outer race member be meshed work with corresponding geared parts is tending towards making outer race member, and inwardly first end or the larger diameter end of race member move vertically.For gear structure shown in Figure 2, because the surface that the gear teeth 13 are arranged of outer race member at an angle, outer race member 22 can be forced to shift to the left side among the figure.In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, outer race member 72 can be moved toward the right among the figure, should adopt the screw thread 63 of suitable rotation direction, pushes outer race member 72 among Fig. 5 right-hand pure axial force during spinning to produce one.Similarly, for embodiment shown in Figure 7, because the sense of rotation the when rotation direction of the selected gear teeth 126 and outer race member 122 dally with respect to interior race member 112, one pure responsive to axial force will be arranged on outer race member 122 and be tending towards making it to shift to the right of Fig. 7 at such idle period, thereby keep the line contact between roller 128 and the inside and outside raceway face 114,124.In this mode, the contact of the line between roller and the raceway face during spinning can not interrupted, like this, change so that when forming locking and be the joint of transmitting torque by the roller that transmits thrust between the inside and outside race member, do not have any skidding and take place when the direction of relative movement of 112,122 of inside and outside race members.

Figure 10 has shown the epicyclic gearbox 160 that a plurality of planetary gear members of making by the present invention 110 are housed.Planetary pinion 110 rotates around the sun gear (not shown) in a well-known manner.Unidirectional helical gear 110 has been arranged, and the idle pulley that uses with gear-box 160 has not just needed usually, from the weight and the size that can reduce whole planetary gear system.

Here to think the most practical and preferred embodiment shows and described the present invention.Yet will be appreciated that still can make multiple modification within the scope of the invention, person skilled in the art can find out tangible change.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of gear pair, it is characterized in that, comprise one first geared parts, one is connected in the input shaft of described first geared parts, one second geared parts, one is connected in the output shaft of described second geared parts, at least one is made up of internals and an outer part in described first or second geared parts, described internals are connected in described input shaft or output shaft, the excircle of described outer part has the gear teeth, the excircle of described internals make one in the rotation that is low order derivative hyperboloid shape of the rotation axis of described geared parts rolling surface, the inner circumference of described outer part make one outside the rotation that is higher derivative hyperboloid shape of the rotation axis of described geared parts raceway face, form an annular space between the described inside and outside raceway face, the cylindrical rollers of a plurality of transmission thrusts places in the described space, the identical ground of all described rollers is inclined with respect to the radial plane, and be line along the bus of interior raceway face with interior raceway face and contact, and be line along the bus of outer raceway face with outer raceway face and contact, in close described respectively or outside the first end place of raceway face have one to be connected in first of interior or outer race member and to encircle and take in order to the axially mounting roller.

2, gear pair as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described geared parts is a bevel gear.

3, gear pair as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described geared parts is a helical gear.

4, gear pair as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, geared parts is worm and worm wheel.

5, gear pair as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that it comprises that also one is arranged at first end of described roller and the member between the described first ring shoulder and is beneficial to that described roller encircles the slip of takeing on respect to described first when described outer part rotates with respect to described internals.

6, gear pair as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, it comprises that also one is connected in any the second ring shoulder in the interior or outer part, in order to intersect the earth's axis to supporting roller, also have one to be arranged at second end of described roller and second member between the described second ring shoulder and to be beneficial to that described roller encircles the slip of takeing on respect to described second when described outer part rotates with respect to described internals with the described first ring shoulder.

7, gear pair as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, it also comprises the device that is used for lubricating roller when gear pair is worked.

8, gear pair as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, it also comprises the device of lubricated described roller.

9, a kind of geared parts is characterized in that, comprising:

One can be connected on the machine part and the internals of thereupon rotating,

One excircle has the gear teeth and outer part that be provided with one heart around described internals;

Described internals are connected by one-way clutch/supporting/idle running mode with outer part, thereby but predetermined gear pair in relative rotation on the first direction described internals and outside transmitting torque between the part, and at the above internals idle running of opposite direction in relative rotation.

10, geared parts as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described the clutch of one-way clutch/supporting/lost motion functionality is arranged is the overrunning clutch of a hyperboloid type.

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