CN107224783B - Filter felt with composite structure and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Filter felt with composite structure and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107224783B
CN107224783B CN201710469689.6A CN201710469689A CN107224783B CN 107224783 B CN107224783 B CN 107224783B CN 201710469689 A CN201710469689 A CN 201710469689A CN 107224783 B CN107224783 B CN 107224783B
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fiber
layer
filter
composite structure
fibers
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CN107224783A (en
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严玉蓉
廖帼英
张鹏
朱锐钿
赵耀明
杨苏邯
花金龙
张文韬
陆树兴
邹飞
邓玲利
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GUANGZHOU FIBRE PRODUCT TESTING AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE
South China University of Technology SCUT
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GUANGZHOU FIBRE PRODUCT TESTING AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE
South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1615—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of natural origin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D01D5/0076—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid
    • D01D5/0084—Coating by electro-spinning, i.e. the electro-spun fibres are not removed from the collecting device but remain integral with it, e.g. coating of prostheses
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/02—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials
    • B01D2239/025—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials comprising nanofibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0618—Non-woven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0622—Melt-blown
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0631—Electro-spun
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/10—Filtering material manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/06—Polluted air

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of filter materials, and discloses a filter felt with a composite structure, and a preparation method and application thereof. The filter felt with the composite structure consists of a filter function layer and protective layers coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the filter function layer, wherein the filter function layer is formed by compounding a regenerated fiber layer with three-dimensional curled structure fibers and an electrostatic spinning nanofiber layer. The filter felt with the composite structure adopts the renewable micron-sized fibers with the three-dimensional crimped structure fibers to provide a fluffy filter material framework structure, and simultaneously utilizes the secondary electrostatic spinning nano fibers attached to the micron fibers to provide a higher fiber specific surface area, so that the obtained filter material has the advantages of high filter efficiency, low resistance and environmental protection.

Description

Filter felt with composite structure and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of filter materials, and particularly relates to a filter felt with a composite structure, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Air is a necessary condition for human to survive, and is polluted to different degrees due to the influence of various activities of production and human, especially the large and arbitrary emission of industrial waste gas, and excessive dust and harmful gas are contained in the air. PM2.5 has attracted considerable social attention for several years, and dust can cause serious damage to organs such as respiratory tract and eyes. According to the green GDP accounting report, the loss caused by environmental pollution is up to 116 hundred million yuan each year in only one Beijing city, wherein the economic loss caused by the atmospheric pollution to the Beijing city is the most serious, and the loss is up to 95.2 hundred million yuan, and the environmental pollution accounts for 81.75 percent of the total loss caused by the total pollution, so that the environmental pollution has great influence on economy and society, and particularly the atmospheric pollution is more worth focusing.
The fiber air filtering materials in the current market mainly comprise glass fibers, polyester fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, active carbon fibers and the like, but most of the filtering materials are of a straight-through structure, and have high filtering efficiency only for particles with the particle diameter of more than 0.3 mu m, and effective filtering for submicron particles and smaller particles is difficult to realize. For the traditional air filtering material, the service cycle is short, the filtering resistance is high, and the requirements of people on the efficient filtering material cannot be completely met. The electrostatic spinning technology is a novel processing technology for simply, conveniently and efficiently manufacturing submicron to nanometer fibers, and the prepared fiber membrane has high porosity and large specific surface area and is widely applied to the fields of air filtration, protective clothing, sensors, wound dressing, tissue engineering brackets and membrane separation materials. The electrostatic spinning nanofiber has the unique advantage that the direct interception effect and the inertial impact effect on particle filtration are more remarkable, so that the filtration efficiency of the filter material is improved.
Researches show that the carbon nano air filter material with the gradient structure is formed by using the fiber filter medium as a substrate and growing the carbon nano tubes on the surface of the fiber, and the filter material has the characteristics of high filter efficiency, low filter resistance and the like due to the existence of the gradient structure in the filter material. The composite air filtering material with the gradient structure is formed by combining microbeads/nanofibers, a non-woven fabric is used as a base material and a protective layer, the filtering efficiency of the filtering material with the sandwich structure on particles with the particle diameter of less than 1 mu m is up to more than 99%, and the resistance pressure drop is less than 120Pa. However, the existing filter material still has the defects of low air filtering efficiency, short service cycle and secondary pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art, a primary object of the present invention is to provide a composite construction filter felt.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-described composite structure filter felt.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the use of the above-described composite structure filter felt in air filtration.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
the filter felt with composite structure consists of a filter function layer and protective layers coated on the upper and lower surfaces of the filter function layer, wherein the filter function layer is formed by compounding a regenerated fiber layer with three-dimensional curled structural fibers and an electrostatic spinning nanofiber layer.
The mode of the composite of the regenerated fiber layer and the nanofiber layer is that the regenerated fiber layer and the nanofiber layer are composited layer by layer or the regenerated fiber single fiber is composited by the hybrid nanofiber layer.
Preferably, the gram weight of the regenerated fiber layer single layer is 10-50 g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The gram weight of the single layer of the nanofiber layer is 0.1-3 g/m 2 。
Preferably, the gram weight of the filtering functional layer is 50-400 g/m 2 。
Preferably, the crimp structure of the fiber with the three-dimensional crimp structure comprises a Z-shaped, spiral-shaped, wavy or other crimp structure; the number of curls is 1-15/25 mm, and the fiber diameter is 5-50 mu m; the fiber diameter of the electrostatic spinning nanofiber is 60-1000 nm.
Preferably, the material of the protective layer is spunbonded nonwoven fabric, hot air nonwoven fabric, spunbonded/melt blown composite nonwoven fabric; the material is at least one of common polypropylene, metallocene polypropylene, polyethylene and polyolefin copolymer; the gram weight of the protective layer is 15-40 g/m 2 。
Preferably, the regenerated fibers comprise regenerated cellulose fibers or regenerated protein fibers; wherein the regenerated cellulose fiber comprises at least one of cuprammonium fiber, viscose fiber and saponified acetate fiber; the regenerated protein fiber comprises at least one of casein fiber, soybean protein fiber, milk protein fiber, peanut fiber, keratin fiber, silk fibroin fiber, and gelatin fiber.
Preferably, the fiber material of the electrospun nanofiber layer is at least one of polylactic acid or a copolymer thereof, polycaprolactone or a copolymer thereof, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyester-polyether copolymer, polyester-amide copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol or a copolymer thereof, chitin, alginate, gelatin and zein.
The preparation method of the filter felt with the composite structure comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) Fully carding the regenerated fiber with the three-dimensional curled structure to form a single fiber state;
(2) Through an electrostatic spinning process, a nanofiber layer is hybridized on the regenerated fiber single fiber; or the regenerated fiber single fiber is paved into a single layer with the gram weight of 10 to 50g/m 2 Preparing a nanofiber layer on the fiber web layer through an electrostatic spinning process, and compounding the regenerated fiber layer compounded with the nanofiber layer through needling or hot rolling for multiple layers to obtain the fiber web layer with the gram weight of 50-400 g/m 2 Is a filter function layer of the (a);
(3) And coating protective layers on the upper surface and the lower surface of the filtering functional layer to obtain the filtering felt with the composite structure.
The process of the nanofiber layer on the regenerated fiber single fiber is as follows: dispersing the regenerated fiber single fibers by adopting external disturbance wind, and carrying out electrostatic spinning on the disturbed fibers, so that the electrostatic spinning nanofiber is directly intercepted by the scattered regenerated fiber single fibers in the forming process and is adhered to the single fibers.
Preferably, the temperature of the external disturbance wind is 20-40 ℃, the relative humidity is 25-95%, and the wind speed is 0.1-20 m/min.
The application of the filter felt with the composite structure in air filtration. Is especially suitable for protecting daily PM2.5 air pollution.
The preparation method of the invention and the obtained filter felt with the composite structure have the following advantages:
(1) The filter felt based on the regenerated fiber and nanofiber composite structure provided by the invention not only has a fluffy filter material framework structure provided by adopting renewable micron-sized fibers and utilizing a three-dimensional curled structure, but also provides a higher fiber specific surface area by utilizing the secondary micro-nanofiber attached to the micron-sized fibers, the obtained filter material has high filtering efficiency, low resistance and the like, all materials have regenerability, the charge persistence dependence of the existing melt-blowing and electret technology-based filter material on the filtering performance of air is improved to a certain extent, and meanwhile, the filter felt also provides technical support for sustainable development implementation of economic environment.
(2) The composite structure filter material with the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane as the interlayer is more suitable for filtering fine particles, compared with the traditional high-efficiency filter material, the same filter material has the same filter efficiency, the material consumption is only 1/15 of that of the traditional high-efficiency filter material, and the combination of the nanofiber and the gradient structure is more beneficial to increasing the dust holding capacity of the filter material and prolonging the service life of the filter material. Meanwhile, the filter material can be reused after being abandoned by utilizing the renewable fibers and the renewable polymers, so that the effect of green environmental protection and low carbon is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laminated structure of a composite structure filter felt according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fiber having a three-dimensional crimp structure according to example 1 of the present invention, (the fiber length is 25mm in the drawing);
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fiber having a three-dimensional crimp structure according to example 2 of the present invention, (the fiber length is 25mm in the drawing);
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a fiber having a three-dimensional crimp structure according to example 3 of the present invention, (the fiber length is 25mm in the drawing);
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filtering layer in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a filtering layer in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
The schematic diagram of the laminated structure of the filter felt with the composite structure is shown in fig. 1, and the filter felt with the composite structure consists of a filter function layer and protective layers coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the filter function layer, wherein the filter function layer is formed by compounding a regenerated fiber layer with three-dimensional curled fibers and an electrostatic spinning nanofiber layer. The protective layers on the upper surface and the lower surface have gram weights of 25g/m 2 A metallocene polypropylene spunbond single layer nonwoven fabric; the regenerated fiber layer has a gram weight of 15g/m 2 The Z-shaped crimped viscose fiber net layer is characterized in that viscose fiber is a non-circular interface, no cavity exists, the fiber diameter is 30-35 mu m, the crimp number is 12/25 mm, and the structural schematic diagram of the Z-shaped crimped viscose fiber is shown in figure 2; the nanofiber isThe weight of the Uighur layer is 0.8g/m 2 The diameter of the polylactic acid fiber is 300-400 nm, the fiber is nearly circular, and a large number of holes are formed in the fiber.
The filter felt with the composite structure of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
carding viscose staple fiber into a single fiber state, and then laying and lapping the single fiber state into a net with the gram weight of 15g/m 2 Wherein the viscose staple fiber is a Z-shaped crimp structure with a non-circular cross section, no cavity exists, the fiber diameter is 30-35 mu m, and the crimp number is 12/25 mm. And (3) taking the fiber net layer as a receiving end, and compounding a polylactic acid nanofiber layer by adopting a needle electrostatic spinning technology to obtain the composite filter layer formed by laminating the regenerated fiber layer and the nanofiber layer. The electrostatic spinning conditions are as follows: polylactic acid (PLA, M) w ＝3×10 5 g/mol) was dried under vacuum (60 ℃ C., 12 h) with chloroform: DMF ratio of 1:1 as solvent, solution concentration 15%, spinning voltage 15kV, receiving distance 15cm, solution supply 0.4. Mu.l/h/well. The diameter of the obtained nanofiber is 300-400 nm, the fiber is nearly circular, and a large number of holes are formed in the fiber. The gram weight of the nanofiber is 0.8g/m 2 . The three composite filter layers form a filter function layer through needling or hot rolling, and the structure schematic diagram of the filter function layer is shown in fig. 5; then the upper surface and the lower surface of the filtering functional layer are compounded with gram weight of 25g/m 2 The metallocene polypropylene spun-bonded single-layer non-woven protective layer is used for obtaining the filter felt with the composite structure.
The filtration efficiency of the filter felt with the composite structure obtained in the example on NaCl aerosol with the thickness of 0.24 μm is 99.3%, and the pressure drop is 85Pa. The filter material can be suitable for protecting daily PM2.5 air pollution.
Example 2
The schematic diagram of the laminated structure of the filter felt with the composite structure is shown in fig. 1, and the filter felt with the composite structure consists of a filter function layer and protective layers coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the filter function layer, wherein the filter function layer is formed by compounding a regenerated fiber layer with three-dimensional curled fibers and an electrostatic spinning nanofiber layer. The protective layers on the upper surface and the lower surface have gram weights of 20g/m 2 Metallocene polypropylene and ordinary polypropylene SMS nonwoven; the regenerated fiber layerThe fiber is a copper ammonium fiber single fiber with a spiral curl structure, wherein the copper ammonium fiber is provided with a cavity, the cavity rate is 15%, the fiber diameter is 20-25 mu m, the curl number is 15/25 mm, and the structural schematic diagram of the copper ammonium fiber with the spiral curl structure is shown in figure 3; the nanofiber layer has a gram weight of 0.1g/m 2 The diameter of PCL fiber is 50-200 nm, the fiber is nearly circular, and no hole exists on the fiber.
The filter felt with the composite structure of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
after carding the copper-ammonium short fibers into a single fiber state, wherein the copper-ammonium short fibers are of a spiral curled structure and have a cavity, the cavity rate is 15%, the fiber diameter is 20-25 mu m, and the curl number is 15/25 mm. And (3) taking an aluminum plate as a zero electrode end, blowing cuprammonium fibers from one direction in the direction close to the aluminum plate by using disturbance air, pumping at an interval of 1min in the direction of 180 degrees with the blowing angle, sinking the fibers to form a fiber net layer, carrying out free surface electrostatic wire electrode spinning on the disturbed fibers at a disturbance air temperature of 25 ℃ and a relative humidity of 60% and a wind speed of 10m/min, and doping a nanofiber layer on the regenerated fiber single fibers. The electrostatic spinning conditions are as follows: PCL is used as raw material (M) w ＝2.5×10 5 g/mol) is dried in vacuum (60 ℃ for 12 h), DMF is taken as a solvent, the concentration of the solution is 15%, the spinning voltage is 65kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, and the moving speed of a wire electrode slide block is 0.5m/min. The diameter of the obtained nanofiber is 500-600 nm, the fiber is nearly circular, and no holes are formed in the fiber. The gram weight of the nanofiber is 0.1g/m 2 Controlling the gram weight of the copper ammonium fiber web layer with the received nano fibers to be 20g/m 2 . The five layers of the composite filter layer are compounded by needling or hot rolling to form a filter functional layer, and the structure schematic diagram of the filter functional layer is shown in figure 6; then the upper surface and the lower surface of the filtering functional layer are compounded with gram weight of 20g/m 2 And (3) protecting the metallocene polypropylene and the common polypropylene SMS non-woven fabric to obtain the filter felt with the composite structure.
The filtration efficiency of the filter felt with the composite structure obtained in the example on NaCl aerosol with the thickness of 0.24 μm is 99%, and the pressure drop is 60Pa. The filter material can be suitable for protecting daily PM2.5 air pollution.
Example 3
The schematic diagram of the laminated structure of the filter felt with the composite structure is shown in fig. 1, and the filter felt with the composite structure consists of a filter function layer and protective layers coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the filter function layer, wherein the filter function layer is formed by compounding a regenerated fiber layer with three-dimensional curled fibers and an electrostatic spinning nanofiber layer. The protective layers on the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively 40g/m in gram weight 2 Polyethylene of (2) and 25g/m 2 A polyolefin copolymer spunbond nonwoven; the regenerated fiber layer has a gram weight of 10g/m 2 The saponified acetate fiber with the wavy curl structure has no cavity, a non-circular section, a fiber diameter of 5-10 mu m and a curl number of 8/25 mm, and the structural schematic diagram of the saponified acetate fiber with the wavy curl structure is shown in figure 4; the nanofiber layer has a gram weight of 1.0g/m 2 The PHA fiber layer is characterized in that the PHA fiber has a diameter of 400-600 nm, the fiber is nearly circular, and no holes are formed in the fiber.
The filter felt with the composite structure of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
carding the saponified acetate short fibers into a single fiber state and carding into a fiber web layer, wherein the saponified acetate short fibers are of a wavy curled structure, have no cavities and non-circular cross section, have a fiber diameter of 5-10 mu m, have a curl number of 8/25 mm and have a fiber web layer gram weight of 10g/m 2 . Taking the saponified vinegar ester short fiber carding net layer as a receiving end, performing centrifugal electrostatic spinning, taking PHA as a raw material (M w ＝5.5×10 5 g/mol) is dried in vacuum (60 ℃ for 8 hours), DMF is taken as a solvent, the concentration of the solution is 12%, the spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 10cm, the centrifugal spinning rotating speed is 350r/min, and the spinning liquid supply amount is 15g/h. The diameter of the obtained nanofiber is 400-600 nm, the fiber is nearly circular, and no holes are formed in the fiber. The gram weight of the nanofiber is 1.0g/m 2 . The two composite filter layers are compounded by needling or hot rolling to form a filter function layer, and then the upper surface and the lower surface of the filter function layer are respectively compounded with gram weights of 40g/m 2 Polyethylene and 25g/m 2 And (3) a protective layer of polyolefin copolymer spunbonded non-woven fabric to obtain the filter felt with the composite structure.
The filtration efficiency of the filter felt with the composite structure obtained in the example on NaCl aerosol with the thickness of 0.24 μm is 99.9%, and the pressure drop is 110Pa. The filter material is preferentially suitable for protecting PM2.5 air pollution with high filter precision.
Example 4
The schematic diagram of the laminated structure of the filter felt with the composite structure is shown in fig. 1, and the filter felt with the composite structure consists of a filter function layer and protective layers coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the filter function layer, wherein the filter function layer is formed by compounding a regenerated fiber layer with three-dimensional curled fibers and an electrostatic spinning nanofiber layer. The protective layers on the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively 15g/m in gram weight 2 Polypropylene SSS spunbond nonwoven and 25g/m 2 A polyolefin copolymer spunbond nonwoven; the regenerated fiber layer has a gram weight of 20g/m 2 The soybean protein fiber net layer with spiral crimp structure is characterized by that the soybean protein fiber has no cavity, non-circular cross section, fiber diameter of 15-20 micrometers and crimp number of 1/25 mm, and the nano fiber layer has gram weight of 3.0g/m 2 The diameter of the polyester-polyether copolymer fiber layer is 400-800 nm, the fiber is nearly circular, and no holes are formed on the fiber.
The filter felt with the composite structure of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
carding soybean protein short fiber into a single fiber state, carding into a fiber web layer, wherein the soybean protein fiber is in a spiral curled structure, has no cavity and non-circular section, the fiber diameter is 15-20 mu m, the curl number is 1/25 mm, and the gram weight of the fiber web layer is 20g/m 2 . Taking the soybean short fiber carding net layer as a receiving end, performing centrifugal electrostatic spinning, taking polyester-polyether copolymer as a raw material (M w ＝2.5×10 5 g/mol) is dried in vacuum (80 ℃ for 12 hours), hexafluoroisopropanol is used as a solvent, the concentration of the solution is 15%, the spinning voltage is 35kV, the receiving distance is 10cm, the centrifugal spinning rotating speed is 400r/min, the diameter of the obtained nanofiber is 400-800 nm, and the spinning liquid supply amount is 12g/h. The fiber is nearly circular, and no holes are formed on the fiber. The gram weight of the nanofiber is 3g/m 2 . The two composite filter layers are compounded by needling or hot rolling to form a filter function layer, and then the upper surface and the lower surface of the filter function layer are respectively compounded with gram weights of 15g/m 2 Polypropylene SSS spunbond nonwoven fabric and 25g/m 2 And (3) a polyolefin copolymer spunbonded nonwoven fabric to obtain the filter felt with the composite structure.
The filtration efficiency of the filter felt with the composite structure obtained in the embodiment on NaCl aerosol with the thickness of 0.24 μm is 99.97%, and the pressure drop is 180Pa. The filter material is preferentially suitable for protecting PM2.5 air pollution with high filter precision.
Example 5
The schematic diagram of the laminated structure of the filter felt with the composite structure is shown in fig. 1, and the filter felt with the composite structure consists of a filter function layer and protective layers coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the filter function layer, wherein the filter function layer is formed by compounding a regenerated fiber layer with three-dimensional curled fibers and an electrostatic spinning nanofiber layer. The protective layers on the upper surface and the lower surface have gram weights of 20g/m 2 Polypropylene SSMMS nonwoven fabric; the regenerated fiber layer is a milk protein fiber single fiber with a Z-shaped crimp structure, wherein the milk protein fiber has no cavity, the fiber diameter is 20-25 mu m, the crimp number is 1/25 mm, and the nanofiber layer has the gram weight of 0.1g/m 2 The diameter of the gelatin fiber layer is 200-400 nm, the fiber is nearly circular, and no holes are formed on the fiber.
The filter felt with the composite structure of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
after carding the milk protein short fiber into a single fiber state, wherein the milk protein short fiber is of a Z-shaped curled structure, no cavity exists, the fiber diameter is 20-25 mu m, and the curl number is 1/25 mm. The method comprises the steps of taking an aluminum plate as a zero electrode end, blowing milk protein short fibers in a direction close to the aluminum plate by using disturbance air from one direction, pumping at an interval of 1min in a direction of 180 degrees with a blowing angle, forming a fiber net layer by fiber precipitation, carrying out needle electrostatic spinning on the disturbed fibers at a disturbance air temperature of 20 ℃ and a relative humidity of 25% and a wind speed of 0.5m/min, taking gelatin as a raw material, taking water as a solvent, adding 0.1% aldehyde cross-linking agent, wherein the concentration of the solution is 15%, the spinning voltage is 15kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, and the liquid supply amount is 0.5 mu l/h/hole. The diameter of the obtained nanofiber is 200-400 nm, the fiber is nearly circular, and no holes are formed in the fiber. The gram weight of the nanofiber is 0.1g/m 2 Control of receiving nano-meterThe gram weight of the milk protein fiber web layer of the fiber is 20g/m 2 . The five layers of the composite filter layer are compounded by needling or hot rolling to form a filter functional layer, and then the upper surface and the lower surface of the filter functional layer are compounded with gram weights of 20g/m 2 The polypropylene SSMMS nonwoven to obtain the composite structure filter felt.
The filtering efficiency of the filtering felt with the composite structure obtained in the embodiment on NaCl aerosol with the thickness of 0.24 μm is more than 99%, and the pressure drop is 55Pa. The filter material can be suitable for protecting daily PM2.5 air pollution.
Example 6
The schematic diagram of the laminated structure of the filter felt with the composite structure is shown in fig. 1, and the filter felt with the composite structure consists of a filter function layer and protective layers coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the filter function layer, wherein the filter function layer is formed by compounding a regenerated fiber layer with three-dimensional curled fibers and an electrostatic spinning nanofiber layer. The protective layers on the upper surface and the lower surface have gram weights of 15g/m 2 Common polypropylene and polyethylene SMS nonwovens; the regenerated fiber layer is a regenerated cellulose fiber single fiber with a spiral crimp structure, the fiber is provided with two cavities, the cavity rate is 20%, the fiber diameter is 25-30 mu m, the crimp number is 12/25 mm, and the nanofiber layer has a gram weight of 0.2g/m 2 The diameter of PCL fiber is 400-500 nm, the fiber is nearly circular, and no hole exists on the fiber.
The filter felt with the composite structure of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
after the regenerated cellulose short fibers are carded into a single fiber state, the regenerated cellulose fibers are in a spiral curled structure and have two cavities, the cavity rate is 20%, the fiber diameter is 25-30 mu m, and the curl number is 12/25 mm. The method comprises the steps of taking an aluminum plate as a zero electrode end, blowing regenerated cellulose fibers from one direction in a direction close to the aluminum plate by using disturbance air, pumping at an interval of 1min in a direction of 180 degrees with a blowing angle, depositing the fibers to form a fiber net layer, carrying out needle electrostatic spinning on the disturbed fibers at a disturbance air temperature of 30 ℃ and a relative humidity of 50% and a wind speed of 12M/min, and taking PCL as a raw material (M w ＝3.0×10 5 g/mol) is dried in vacuum (60 ℃ C., 12 h), chloroform is used as solvent, and the solvent is dissolvedThe concentration of the solution was 10%, the spinning voltage was 15kV, the receiving distance was 10cm, and the liquid supply amount was 0.5. Mu.l/h/well. The diameter of the obtained nanofiber is 400-500 nm, the fiber is nearly circular, and no holes are formed in the fiber. The gram weight of the nanofiber is 0.2g/m 2 Controlling the gram weight of the silk fiber net layer with the received nano fibers to be 25g/m 2 . The five layers of the composite filter layer are compounded by needling or hot rolling to form a filter functional layer, and then the upper surface and the lower surface of the filter functional layer are compounded with the gram weight of 15g/m 2 And (3) a common polypropylene and polyethylene SMS non-woven fabric to obtain the filter felt with the composite structure.
The filtration efficiency of the filter felt with the composite structure obtained in this example on NaCl aerosol of 0.24 μm was 99% and the pressure drop was 80Pa. The filter material can be suitable for protecting daily PM2.5 air pollution.
Example 7
The schematic diagram of the laminated structure of the filter felt with the composite structure is shown in fig. 1, and the filter felt with the composite structure consists of a filter function layer and protective layers coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the filter function layer, wherein the filter function layer is formed by compounding a regenerated fiber layer with three-dimensional curled fibers and an electrostatic spinning nanofiber layer. The protective layers on the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively with gram weights of 20g/m 2 Polyethylene of (C) and 30g/m 2 Polyolefin copolymer hot air nonwoven; the regenerated fiber layer has a gram weight of 15g/m 2 The wave-shaped crimped casein fiber net layer of the utility model, wherein the cavity rate of casein fiber is 25 percent, the circular section, the fiber diameter is 10-15 mu m, the crimp number is 10/25 mm, the nanofiber layer has the gram weight of 1.5g/m 2 The PHA fiber layer is characterized in that the PHA fiber has a diameter of 500-700 nm, the fiber is nearly circular, and no holes are formed in the fiber.
The filter felt with the composite structure of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
carding the casein short fibers into a single fiber state and carding into a fiber web layer, wherein the casein fibers are of a wavy crimp structure, the cavity rate is 25%, the cross section is round, the fiber diameter is 10-15 mu m, the crimp number is 10/25 mm, and the gram weight of the fiber web layer is 15g/m 2 . Taking the casein short fiber carding net layer as a receiving end, performing centrifugal electrostatic spinning, taking PHA as a raw material (M w ＝5.0×10 5 g/mol) is dried in vacuum (60 ℃ for 8 hours), DMF is taken as solvent, the concentration of the solution is 14%, the spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 12cm, the centrifugal spinning rotating speed is 400r/min, and the spinning liquid supply amount is 12g/h. The diameter of the obtained nanofiber is 500-700 nm, the fiber is nearly circular, and no holes are formed in the fiber. The gram weight of the nanofiber is 1.5g/m 2 . The four composite filter layers are compounded by needling or hot rolling to form a filter function layer, and then the upper surface and the lower surface of the filter function layer are respectively compounded with gram weights of 20g/m 2 Polyethylene of (C) and 30g/m 2 And (3) obtaining the polyolefin copolymer hot air non-woven fabric to obtain the filter felt with the composite structure.
The filtration efficiency of the filter felt with the composite structure obtained in the example on NaCl aerosol with the thickness of 0.24 μm is 99.9%, and the pressure drop is 120Pa. The filter material can be suitable for protecting PM2.5 air pollution with high filter precision.
Example 8
The schematic diagram of the laminated structure of the filter felt with the composite structure is shown in fig. 1, and the filter felt with the composite structure consists of a filter function layer and protective layers coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the filter function layer, wherein the filter function layer is formed by compounding a regenerated fiber layer with three-dimensional curled fibers and an electrostatic spinning nanofiber layer. The protective layers on the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively with gram weights of 20g/m 2 Polypropylene SSS spunbond nonwoven and 15g/m 2 Metallocene polypropylene hot air nonwoven fabric; the regenerated fiber layer has a gram weight of 25g/m 2 The Z-shaped curled milk protein fiber net layer of the (2) milk protein fiber net layer, wherein the milk protein fiber has no cavity, round section, fiber diameter of 20-25 μm and curl number of 5/25 mm, and the nanofiber layer has gram weight of 2g/m 2 The diameter of the polyester-amide copolymer fiber layer is 400-700 nm, the fiber is nearly circular, and no holes are formed on the fiber.
The filter felt with the composite structure of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
carding milk protein short fiber into single fiber state and carding into fiber net layer, wherein the milk protein fiber has Z-shaped curled structure, no cavity, circular cross section, fiber diameter of 20-25 μm and curl number of 525mm, web layer grammage 25g/m 2 . The milk staple fiber carding layer is taken as a receiving end to carry out free surface spiral electrode spinning, and the polyester-amide copolymer is taken as a raw material (M w ＝3.0×10 5 g/mol) is dried in vacuum (80 ℃ for 9 hours), chloroform is used as a solvent, the concentration of the solution is 12%, the spinning voltage is 80kV, the receiving distance is 12cm, and the rotating speed of a spiral electrode is 15r/min. The diameter of the obtained nanofiber is 400-700 nm, the fiber is nearly circular, and no holes are formed in the fiber. The gram weight of the nanofiber is 2g/m 2 . The two composite filter layers are compounded by needling or hot rolling to form a filter function layer, and then the upper surface and the lower surface of the filter function layer are respectively compounded with gram weights of 20g/m 2 Polypropylene SSS spunbond nonwoven and 15g/m 2 And (5) obtaining the filter felt with the composite structure by using metallocene polypropylene hot air non-woven fabric.
The filtration efficiency of the filter felt with the composite structure obtained in this example was 99.97% for NaCl aerosol with a size of 0.24. Mu.m, and the pressure drop was 185Pa. The filter material can be suitable for protecting PM2.5 air pollution with high filter precision.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A composite construction filter felt, characterized in that: the filter felt with the composite structure consists of a filter function layer and protective layers coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the filter function layer, wherein the filter function layer is formed by compounding a regenerated fiber layer with three-dimensional curled structural fibers and an electrostatic spinning nanofiber layer;
the gram weight of the regenerated fiber layer single layer is 10-50 g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The gram weight of the single layer of the nanofiber layer is 0.1-3 g/m 2 ，
The regenerated fiber is one of Z-shaped curled viscose fiber, wavy curled saponified acetate fiber, spirally curled soybean protein fiber and Z-shaped curled milk protein fiber; the regenerated fiber has no cavity.
2. The composite construction filter felt according to claim 1, wherein: the gram weight of the filtering functional layer is 50-400 g/m 2 。
3. The composite construction filter felt according to claim 1, wherein: the fiber diameter of the electrostatic spinning nanofiber layer is 60-1000 nm.
4. The composite construction filter felt according to claim 1, wherein: the material of the protective layer is spunbonded nonwoven fabric, hot air nonwoven fabric and spunbonded/melt-blown composite nonwoven fabric; the material is at least one of common polypropylene, metallocene polypropylene, polyethylene and polyolefin copolymer; the gram weight of the protective layer is 15-40 g/m 2 。
5. The composite construction filter felt according to claim 1, wherein: the fiber material of the electrostatic spinning nanofiber layer is at least one of polylactic acid or a copolymer thereof, polycaprolactone or a copolymer thereof, polyhydroxyalkanoate, a polyester-polyether copolymer, a polyester-amide copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol or a copolymer thereof, chitin, alginate, gelatin and zein.
6. A method for producing a filter felt of composite structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Fully carding the regenerated fiber with the three-dimensional curled structure to form a single fiber state;
(2) Through an electrostatic spinning process, a nanofiber layer is hybridized on the regenerated fiber single fiber; or laying up the regenerated fiber single fiber into a fiber with gram weight of 10-50 g/m 2 Preparing nanofiber layer on the fiber web layer by electrostatic spinning process, and then needling or hot-rolling the regenerated fiber layer compounded with nanofiber layer to obtain a multi-layer composite fiber layerCombining to obtain the product with gram weight of 50-400 g/m 2 Is a filter function layer of the (a);
(3) And coating protective layers on the upper surface and the lower surface of the filtering functional layer to obtain the filtering felt with the composite structure.
7. The method for preparing the filter felt with the composite structure according to claim 6, wherein the process of doping the nanofiber layer on the regenerated fiber single fiber is as follows: dispersing the regenerated fiber single fibers by adopting external disturbance wind, and carrying out electrostatic spinning on the disturbed fibers, so that the electrostatic spinning nanofiber is directly intercepted by the scattered regenerated fiber single fibers in the forming process and is adhered to the single fibers.
8. The method for preparing the filter felt with the composite structure according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature of the external disturbance wind is 20-40 ℃, the relative humidity is 25-95%, and the wind speed is 0.1-20 m/min.
9. Use of a composite structure filter felt according to any of claims 1-5 in air filtration.
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