CN107223435A - A kind of Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN107223435A CN107223435A CN201710512449.XA CN201710512449A CN107223435A CN 107223435 A CN107223435 A CN 107223435A CN 201710512449 A CN201710512449 A CN 201710512449A CN 107223435 A CN107223435 A CN 107223435A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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Abstract
The present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies, in particular to a kind of Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods, including：Respectively the corn seeding phase, seedling stage, the jointing stage, take out the male spinning phase pass through water-fertilizer integral method apply base manure, seed manure, jointing fertilizer, ear manuer；Total fertilizer amount of the application is：14~16kg/ mus in terms of N of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer is with P2O55~7kg/ mus of meter, potash fertilizer is with K2O counts 11~13kg/ mus.Described method can reduce the loss of moisture and the leaching loss of nutrient, and fertilizer can be promoted to convert and absorb, utilization rate of fertilizer is improved, water utilization can also be adjusted, efficiency of water application is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies, in particular to a kind of Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral kind
Plant method.
Background technology
Upland Red Soil is the important agricultural soil resource of south China, deep development and utilizes Upland Red Soil resource, always
It is the important directions and research emphasis of southern china agricultural great development.Upland Red Soil distribution is wide, area is big, and the gross area is about
211.2 ten thousand km2, account for the 22.7% of national land area.The hm of the existing Upland Red Soil 350,000 in Jiangxi~360,0002, account for Jiangxi Province arable land total
15% or so of area.
Under the low present situation of shortage of water resources, utilization rate of fertilizer, Upland Red Soil agricultural is badly in need of from the big fertile extensive production of flood
It is changed into the intensive production rationally using resource.The Integration of Water into Fertilizer is the best way that irrigation and fertilising are organically combined.
Shown according to correlative study, compared with traditional flood irrigation mode, water-fertilizer integral can reduce fertilizer performance, fixed and elution and bring
Loss, utilization rate of fertilizer is up to 30%~50%, and efficiency of water application can improve 40%~60%.Most of research is also shown that
Than tradition plantation output increased 15~20% under the conditions of water-fertilizer integral.
At present, although the Integration of Water into Fertilizer has been widely applied, North China, arid region of Northwest China, east are concentrated mainly on
The sub- thermally area of northern cool temperature zone and south China, in red soil Dry crop with less；This technology also has a limitation, early investment
Larger, benefit reclaims slow.
Upland Red Soil temperature, light resource are appropriate for double season corn plantings.Corn is the crop for needing water more, traditional bare area
Growing and cultivation pattern, mostly using flood irrigation mode, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is relatively low, and nitrogenous fertilizer is damaged by approach such as volatilization, leaching and runoffs
Lose enormous amount.
In view of this, it is special to propose the present invention.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods, described method can be with
Promote fertilizer conversion and absorb, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, water utilization can also be adjusted, improve efficiency of water application.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy uses following technical scheme：
The present invention relates to a kind of Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods, including：Respectively in corn seeding phase, seedling
Phase, jointing stage, take out the male spinning phase pass through water-fertilizer integral method apply base manure, seed manure, jointing fertilizer, ear manuer；
Total fertilizer amount of the application is：14~16kg/ mus in terms of N of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Meter 5~7kg/ mus, potash fertilizer with
K2O counts 11~13kg/ mus；
The dose in wherein each period is：
Base manure：31wt%~49wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 100wt% phosphate fertilizer, 50wt%~70wt% potash fertilizer；
Seed manure：17wt%~23wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 15wt%~25wt% potash fertilizer；
Jointing fertilizer：17wt%~23wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 15wt%~25wt% potash fertilizer；
Ear manuer：17wt%~23wt% nitrogenous fertilizer.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1), drip irrigation the Integration of Water into Fertilizer has water-saving fertilizer-saving, saves labour, is easy to scale to manage automatically, and energy
Increase economic efficiency, the advantage of liquid manure efficient coupling.The problem of utilization rate of fertilizer is low is not only solved, water resource is also a saving.
2), present invention selection in the sowing time of corn, seedling stage, the jointing stage, take out male spinning phase and carry out water-fertilizer integral fertilising,
By rational Fertilizer ratio, the problem of emergence of corn growing way is inconsistent can be efficiently solved, hence it is evident that improve corn regularity,
Promotion maize seedling is neat, Miao Jun, Miao Zhuan；Effectively facilitate and pricked under maize root system, improve the utilization to nutrient in deep soil and moisture
Ability, reduces corn center of gravity, improves lodging tolerance, is conducive to corn stable yields.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art
The accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art is briefly described, it should be apparent that, in describing below
Accompanying drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before creative work is not paid
Put, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
The use schematic diagram of equipment used during the application fertilizer that Fig. 1 provides for the present invention；
The structural representation of equipment used during the application fertilizer that Fig. 2 provides for the present invention；
Fig. 3 is each breeding time plant height of different disposal corn；
Fig. 4 is each breeding time number of blade of different disposal corn；
Fig. 5 is each breeding time SPAD values of different disposal corn；
Fig. 6 is each breeding time efficiency of light energy utilization change of different disposal corn.
Embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods, including：Respectively in corn seeding phase, seedling
Phase, jointing stage, take out the male spinning phase pass through water-fertilizer integral method apply base manure, seed manure, jointing fertilizer, ear manuer；
Total fertilizer amount of the application is：14~16kg/ mus in terms of N of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Meter 5~7kg/ mus, potash fertilizer with
K2O counts 11~13kg/ mus；
The dose in wherein each period is：
Base manure：31wt%~49wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 100wt% phosphate fertilizer, 50wt%~70wt% potash fertilizer；
Seed manure：17wt%~23wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 15wt%~25wt% potash fertilizer；
Jointing fertilizer：17wt%~23wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 15wt%~25wt% potash fertilizer；
Ear manuer：17wt%~23wt% nitrogenous fertilizer；
It is preferred that, total fertilizer amount of the application is：15kg/ mus in terms of N of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Meter 6kg/ mus, potash fertilizer with
K2O counts 12kg/ mus；
The dose in wherein each period is：
Base manure：40wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 100wt% phosphate fertilizer, 60wt% potash fertilizer；
Seed manure：20wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 20wt% potash fertilizer；
Jointing fertilizer：20wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 20wt% potash fertilizer；
Ear manuer：20wt% nitrogenous fertilizer；
It is preferred that, the seedling stage is neat after seedling 5~7 days；
It is preferred that, it is described that to take out the male spinning phase be typhon mouthful phase.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, the nitrogenous fertilizer is applied in the form of urea；
In certain embodiments of the present invention, the phosphate fertilizer is applied in the form of potassium dihydrogen phosphate；
In certain embodiments of the present invention, the potash fertilizer is applied in the form of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and/or potassium chloride.
It is preferred that, Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods as described above, the corn plants two batches in 1 year,
Respectively in spring and planted in fall.
It is preferred that, Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods as described above carry out soil subsoiling skill in spring
Art, autumn is no-tillage.
It is preferred that, Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods as described above, subsoiling depth >=25cm, preferably
25cm~40cm, or 30cm~35cm.
It is preferred that, Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods as described above, row of the corn in plantation
Spacing in the rows is (55cm~65cm) × (25cm~35cm), and double grains seed cave is live；
It is furthermore preferred that distance between rows and hills of the corn in plantation is 60cm × 30cm.
Suitable distance between rows and hills can avoid the mutual covering after corn leaf development between different plants, improve photosynthetic effect
Rate, it is ensured that the planting density of corn is maximized, and then ensures its yield.
It is preferred that, Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods as described above, when applying fertilizer every time, for molten
The water for solving fertilizer is 4.5~5.5 tons/mu.
It is preferred that, Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods as described above are applied when applying fertilizer using drip irrigation
Fertilizer.
It is preferred that, Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods as described above, the corn be breeding time 75~
The fresh edible maize kind of 95 days；
It is furthermore preferred that the kind of the corn is selected from beautiful glutinous No. 3 of Shanghai, Huyunuo 2, osmanthus glutinous 518, osmanthus glutinous 519, Jiangxi section sweet tea
One or more in No. 6.
It is preferred that, Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods as described above are applied by water-fertilizer integral method
Plus equipment used includes during fertilizer：
Cistern, pipeline force (forcing) pump, water delivery main pipeline and fertigation system；
It is preferred that, it is additionally provided with filter on the water delivery main pipeline；
It is preferred that, the water delivery main pipeline fixes embedded underground；
It is preferred that, the pipeline of the fertigation system, which is provided with multiple branch roads, different branch, is provided with valve.
The schematic diagram of irrigation system used and equipment is respectively shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 during the application fertilizer that the present invention is provided.
The use schematic diagram for applying equipment used during fertilizer that the present invention is provided is as shown in Figure 1, it is preferred that irrigation system
Using a set of Multi-channel type, it is mixed with after the solution of fertilizer pressurizes through piping force (forcing) pump and transports crop field, water delivery to through water delivery main pipeline
Such as branch road can be set in main pipeline, two branch roads shown in way, and fertigation system may also set up branch road and irrigate effect to increase
Rate.
The structural representation for applying equipment used during fertilizer that the present invention is provided is as shown in Figure 2, it is preferred that dynamical system
Using centrifugal water pump；Main pipeline uses PVC-UDN110；Water pump water filling port uses DN90PVC ball valves；Filtration system uses 120 mesh
Disk filter, filtering traffic be 60 cubes per hour.
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.It is unreceipted specific in embodiment
Condition person, the condition advised according to normal condition or manufacturer is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, be
The conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
Embodiment 1
First, engineering design, construction and equipment are preferred or formulate.
Experimental field choose the Upland Red Soil of Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil terrace land, binding tests water source, rainfall the features such as,
Engineering design and construction are (fixed with cistern (being used for liquid manure fusion)+pipeline force (forcing) pump (increase pipeline pressure)+water delivery main pipeline
Embedded underground)+fertigation system (packaged type) is testing equipment and carrier, preferred reduced water-fertilizer integral equipment is a set of.
2nd, begin sowing in good time.
Double season corn dividing spring maizes and autumn corn.In 20 days or so 20 days~April of March spring maize sowing time, autumn corn is broadcast
Plant 15 days~August in July time 10.
3rd, site preparation
Fertile culture of maize precondition must widely popularize subsoiler technology.Soil subsoiling technology, autumn are carried out in spring
Season is no-tillage.Subsoiling depth will reach 25cm~40cm, improve soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, prevent plant from lodging and early ageing.It is no-tillage
Preserving soil moisture ability can be increased.
4th, from improved seeds
The suitable double season corn planting kinds of khoai are Shanghai beautiful glutinous No. 3, No. 6 (academy of agricultural sciences of Jiangxi Province crop investigations of Jiangxi section sweet tea
Institute's seed selection) kind.
5th, scientific formula applies fertilizer
Conventional fertilizer application total amount is set according to Upland Red Soil fresh edible maize good quality and high output fertilizer requirement, is nitrogenous fertilizer (N) 14.0kg/
Mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 7.0kg/ mus, potash fertilizer (K2O) 11.0kg/ mus.
Wherein base manure：31wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 100wt% phosphate fertilizer, 70wt% potash fertilizer；
Seed manure (neat after seedling 5-7 days)：23wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 15wt% potash fertilizer；
Jointing fertilizer：23wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 15wt% potash fertilizer；
Ear manuer (typhon mouthful phase)：23wt% nitrogenous fertilizer.
Corn phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer are carried out in base manure mode.Nitrogenous fertilizer is urea；Phosphate fertilizer (contains K with potassium dihydrogen phosphate2O:
34.6%th, P2O5:52.1%).Remaining potash fertilizer is imposed with potassium chloride respectively in seed manure, jointing fertilizer.
Spring maize is with planting 2 kgs/acre, and distance between rows and hills 55cm × 35cm, double grains seed cave is live, about 4000 plants of seedling stage final singling.
6th, water management
Corn critical period of watering is respectively sowing time, seedling stage, the jointing stage, taken out the male spinning phase, and each irrigation amount is 4.5
Ton/mu.The fertilising of corn critical period is taken and first dissolves each fertilizer, after pour into cistern, after fully being mixed with water, open drop
Pipe fertilization system, is watered.
7th, the anti-grass of insect prevention
Before sowing cutworm and other insects are prevented and treated with chlopyrifos.Before after planting emerging, selection calm weather carries out medicine
Agent enclosed weeding.Acetochlor is such as sprayed, because that can cause soil hardening using Acetochlor throughout the year, therefore spray should not be excessive；Big
Trumpet period prevents and treats corn borer, mythimna separata with insecticide big granular " Shachongshuang " dessert, banded sclerotial blight is prevented and treated with jinggangmeisu, with carbendazim, Tobe
Tianjin prevents and treats size leaf spot.
Embodiment 2
One~tri-, be the same as Example 1.
4th, from improved seeds
Corn variety selects osmanthus glutinous 519 (seed selection of corn research institute of Guangxi District Academy of Agricultural Sciences)；187 centimetres of plant height, fringe position
It is high 81 centimetres, protected green degree 87.1%, dual spike rate 4.6%, empty bar rate 1.0%, tillering capacity 0.6%, lodging rate 1.7%, the rate of falling folding
0.1%, 0.9 grade of leaf blight is recorded in field, and 1.0 grades of helminthosporium maydis, banded sclerotial blight 6.4%, stem rot 0.2%, 1.6 grades of rust is emerged
Average 87 days to fresh fruit spike picking time spring, autumn is average 70 days, 18.2 centimetres of spike length, thick 4.5 centimetres of fringe, and bald point is long 2.3 lis
Rice, fruit ear cartridge type, grain white.
5th, scientific formula applies fertilizer
Conventional fertilizer application total amount is set according to Upland Red Soil fresh edible maize good quality and high output fertilizer requirement, is nitrogenous fertilizer (N) 16.0kg/
Mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5.0kg/ mus, potash fertilizer (K2O) 13.0kg/ mus.
Wherein base manure：49wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 100wt% phosphate fertilizer, 50wt% potash fertilizer；
Seed manure (neat after seedling 5-7 days)：17wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 25wt% potash fertilizer；
Jointing fertilizer：17wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 25wt% potash fertilizer；
Ear manuer (typhon mouthful phase)：17wt% nitrogenous fertilizer.
Corn phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer are carried out in base manure mode.Nitrogenous fertilizer is urea；Phosphate fertilizer (contains K with potassium dihydrogen phosphate2O:
34.6%th, P2O5:52.1%).Remaining potash fertilizer is imposed with potassium chloride respectively in seed manure, jointing fertilizer.
Spring maize is with planting 2 kgs/acre, and distance between rows and hills 65cm × 25cm, double grains seed cave is live, about 4000 plants of seedling stage final singling.
6th, water management
Corn critical period of watering is respectively sowing time, seedling stage, the jointing stage, taken out the male spinning phase, and each irrigation amount is 5.5
Ton/mu.The fertilising of corn critical period is taken and first dissolves each fertilizer, after pour into cistern, after fully being mixed with water, open drop
Pipe fertilization system, is watered.
7th, the anti-grass of insect prevention
Before sowing cutworm and other insects are prevented and treated with chlopyrifos.Before after planting emerging, selection calm weather carries out medicine
Agent enclosed weeding.Acetochlor is such as sprayed, because that can cause soil hardening using Acetochlor throughout the year, therefore spray should not be excessive；Big
Trumpet period prevents and treats corn borer, mythimna separata with insecticide big granular " Shachongshuang " dessert, banded sclerotial blight is prevented and treated with jinggangmeisu, with carbendazim, Tobe
Tianjin prevents and treats size leaf spot.
Embodiment 3
One~tri-, be the same as Example 1.
4th, from improved seeds
Corn variety selection Huyunuo 2 (seed selection of Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai City crop institute)；197~204 centimetres of plant height, fringe
High 73 centimetres, the total leaf number 17 or so in position.18.2 centimetres of spike length, thick 4.0~4.5 centimetres of fringe, row of tassel row number 14 or so, filigree
Red, fruit ear is tapered, cob white, grain white.
5th, scientific formula applies fertilizer
Conventional fertilizer application total amount is set according to Upland Red Soil fresh edible maize good quality and high output fertilizer requirement, is nitrogenous fertilizer (N) 15.0kg/
Mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6.0kg/ mus, potash fertilizer (K2O) 12.0kg/ mus.
Wherein base manure：40% nitrogenous fertilizer, 100% phosphate fertilizer, 60% potash fertilizer；
Seed manure (neat after seedling 5-7 days)：20% nitrogenous fertilizer, 20% potash fertilizer；
Jointing fertilizer：20% nitrogenous fertilizer, 20% potash fertilizer；
Ear manuer (typhon mouthful phase)：20% nitrogenous fertilizer.
Corn phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer are carried out in base manure mode.Nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, 32.61kg/ mus；Phosphate fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphate
(contain K2O:34.6%th, P2O5:52.1%), 11.52kg/ mus, wherein containing potash fertilizer (K2O) 3.99kg/ mus, remaining potash fertilizer (K2O)
8.01kg/ mu.Seed manure, jointing fertilizer are imposed imposes 4.00kg/ mus of potassium chloride respectively.
Spring maize is with planting 2 kgs/acre, and distance between rows and hills 60cm × 30cm, double grains seed cave is live, about 4000 plants of seedling stage final singling.
6th, water management
Corn critical period of watering is respectively sowing time, seedling stage, the jointing stage, taken out the male spinning phase, and each irrigation amount is 5 tons/
Mu.The fertilising of corn critical period is taken and first dissolves each fertilizer, after pour into cistern, after fully being mixed with water, open dropper
Fertilization system, is watered.
7th, the anti-grass of insect prevention
Before sowing cutworm and other insects are prevented and treated with chlopyrifos.Before after planting emerging, selection calm weather carries out medicine
Agent enclosed weeding.Acetochlor is such as sprayed, because that can cause soil hardening using Acetochlor throughout the year, therefore spray should not be excessive；Big
Trumpet period prevents and treats corn borer, mythimna separata with insecticide big granular " Shachongshuang " dessert, banded sclerotial blight is prevented and treated with jinggangmeisu, with carbendazim, Tobe
Tianjin prevents and treats size leaf spot.
Experimental example
Upland Red Soil corn (eats) rich water integrated technique model study raw.
Using Upland Red Soil autumn corn (fresh edible maize) high yield quality benefit as target, carry out rich water integrated technique pattern and grind
Study carefully.
(1) engineering design, construction and equipment have been completed preferably or has been formulated.Experimental field choose the Upland Red Soil of this institute terrace land
(Jiangxi Province Dry crop Yin Yu centers), 2 mu or so of area.With reference to this experimental field water source, rainfall the features such as, engineering design and construction
With cistern (liquid manure fusion)+pipeline force (forcing) pump (increase pipeline pressure)+water delivery main pipeline (fixed embedded underground)+fertigation
System (packaged type) is testing equipment and carrier.Equipment preferably with initiative, take into full account each apparatus carriers various functions,
Choose crucial auxiliary equipment so that the operating that it can be permanently effective, aqueduct intend use PVC materials, set up filtration system and
Starting box, from 120 mesh laminated filters, starting box sets up three-phase kilowatt-hour meter, leakage switch, anti-error switch, air switch etc. separately.Drop
Diameter 12-20mm, wall thickness 0.3-1.0mm pvc pipe is respectively adopted in the main pipeline and branch pipe(tube) of pipe.
(2) Upland Red Soil corn (eats) rich water integrated technique model study raw
It is that beautiful glutinous No. 3 of Shanghai is test material from corn variety.There is provided 3 test process：Handle F1：According to publication number
For CN104311203A, publication date is applied fertilizer for the fertilizer amount of 2015.01.28 application documents embodiment 3 with fertilization time；Processing
F2：The water-fertilizer integral of embodiment 3 applies fertilizer；Handle F3：70% fertilising (operated by embodiment 3, water-fertilizer integral fertilising, but fertilising
Total amount for embodiment 3 70%).
1. soil property is shown in Table 1 before testing.
The soil property of Upland Red Soil before table 1 is tested
2. the corn growth stage that do not exist together is investigated
As shown in table 2, autumn fresh edible maize whole breeding time is in 67~75d, wherein：F2, F3 processing are emerged, jointing, loudspeaker
Mouth, take out times breeding time such as male spinning phase, maturity period than F1 processing respectively shift to an earlier date 1d, 2d, 3d, 4d, 8d, illustrate that F2, F3 are applied
Fertility day is shortened in fertilizer processing.
Corn growth stage under the different disposal of table 2
3. different growing corn plant height, the number of blade, SPAD values
Each breeding time corn plants high dynamic situation of change is as shown in figure 3, Maize at Seedling Stage, jointing stage, trumpet period, taking out hero and telling
Silk phase, maturity period plant height average out to 29.30cm, 46.22cm, 69.54cm, 176.03cm, 181.49cm；Since the jointing stage,
F2 and F3 processing corn plant height is significantly higher than F1 processing (P<0.05), and with the propulsion of corn growth stage, difference is more notable；Extremely
Maturity period F2 and F3 processing corn plant height ratio F1 handle high 59.73cm, 64.63cm.It can be seen that, F2, F3 fertilization mode can be accelerated
Corn grows.
From the point of view of the whole breeding time number of blade of corn (Fig. 4), Maize at Seedling Stage, the jointing stage, trumpet period, take out the male spinning phase,
Mature Leaf number is respectively interposed in 2~4,5~8,7~10,9~13,9~13, illustrate be before taking out the male spinning phase
Maize leaf number shows a rising trend, and takes out maize leaf number after the male spinning phase and be in stationary phase.Each breeding time is beautiful under different disposal
Not notable (the P of rice number of blade difference>0.05).
As shown in figure 5, corn SPAD values are as the propulsion of breeding time is in process stable after quick increase, wherein：Seedling stage
F2, F3 processing are significantly higher than F1 processing (P<0.05), jointing stage and trumpet period difference is not notable, takes out the male spinning phase and shows as F2
Processing is significantly higher than F3 and F1 processing, and F2 is shown as to the maturity period>F3>F1(P<0.05).
4. maturity period each organ biomass
As shown in table 3, different disposal individual plant root, leaf, fruit ear amount of dry matter handle equal highest with F2, are respectively
0.030kg、0.047kg、0.068kg；Stem biological quality then handles highest with F3, up to 0.043kg.Total biomass shows F2, F3
Handle significantly high F1 processing (P<0.05).
The different disposal corn maturity period of table 3 each organ dry weight (kg)
5. corn maturity period leaf area and leaf area index
Not notable (the P of corn maturity period leaf area and leaf area indicator difference under different disposal>0.05), but with F2 processing
It is of a relatively high, respectively 0.41m2With 2.27；From the point of view of yellow leaf number, of a relatively high to show as F2, F3 processing, this may be with
F2, F3 processing breeding time are shorter relevant.
4 different disposal corn maturity period of table leaf area, leaf area index and yellow leaf number
6. corn yield is constituted
A corns fresh tes juice, grain yield
As shown in table 5, corn fresh tes juice yield is with higher at F2, wherein being respectively containing bract and without bract yield
1099.11kg/ha、539.01kg/ha；Grain yield is higher with F1, and is significantly higher than F2 and F3 processing, this and at F2, F3 it is beautiful
The luxuriant fruit water content of rice is higher relevant.
The different disposal corn yield of table 5
The fresh stalk yield of B
As shown in table 6, corn fresh leaf yield and fresh stem yield be respectively interposed in 8790.12~13327.16kg/ha,
3067.90~4685.19kg/ha, 11858.02~19160.49kg/ha；Fresh stalk yield shows as F2 under different disposal>F3
>F1。
The fresh stalk yield (kg/ha) of the different disposal corn of table 6
7. each breeding time efficiency of light energy utilization change of different disposal corn
The change of the efficiency of light energy utilization is in single peak type curve (Fig. 6), each breeding time luminous energy of different disposal during maize growth
Utilization rate size is F2>F3>F1.Difference takes the lead in reducing trend, explanation after increase from tasseling stage to dough stage corn light-use
This stage is beautiful efficiency of light energy utilization peak period, and the duration is longer near peak value.
8. different disposal economic benefits comparison
As shown in Table 7, F1 manually puts into highest, and F2, F3 output are up to 23000 yuan/hm2, with F3 output benefit highests.F2、
F3 net earnings is high, is 2~3 times of F1.Different disposal production is thrown is than size：F3>F2>F1.
The different disposal economic benefits comparison of table 7
Note：Autumn corn 2.5 yuan/kg, fresh 0.2 yuan/kg of stalk, 25 yuan/25kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 120 yuan/50kg of urea, chlorine
Change 185 yuan/50kg of potassium, 250 yuan/25kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
9. conclusion
The Integration of Water into Fertilizer that the application is provided is exclusively used in Upland Red Soil, can improve the utilization ratio of fertilizer, realizes and increases
Production is increased income.Compared with prior art F1, the technology can improve autumn fresh edible maize yield 16.36% or so, and economic benefit is improved
202.23%, and autumn fresh edible maize volume increase 13.89%, its technical advantage is obvious.
Although the Integration of Water into Fertilizer early investment is of a relatively high, take a long view, the economic benefit ratio of the technology band
It is more considerable, there is important references value to Upland Red Soil construction of modern agricultural.In addition, the Integration of Water into Fertilizer spring such as
What is further studied and explored using also awaiting.
With the fast development of China's economy, the rising of cost of human resources, the quickening of intensive agriculture speed, water, soil
The resources such as ground can be more and more nervous, and ecological environment is also increasingly paid close attention to by people, and drip irrigation the Integration of Water into Fertilizer will
Favored by increasing peasant household.
Finally it should be noted that：Various embodiments above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments for pipe, but it will be understood by those within the art that：Its
The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or to which part or all technical characteristic
Carry out equivalent substitution；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention skill
The scope of art scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods, it is characterised in that including：Respectively in corn seeding phase, seedling
Phase, jointing stage, take out the male spinning phase pass through water-fertilizer integral method apply base manure, seed manure, jointing fertilizer, ear manuer；
Total fertilizer amount of the application is：14~16kg/ mus in terms of N of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer is with P2O55~7kg/ mus of meter, potash fertilizer is with K2O is counted
11~13kg/ mus；
The dose in wherein each period is：
Base manure：31wt%~49wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 100wt% phosphate fertilizer, 50wt%~70wt% potash fertilizer；
Seed manure：17wt%~23wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 15wt%~25wt% potash fertilizer；
Jointing fertilizer：17wt%~23wt% nitrogenous fertilizer, 15wt%~25wt% potash fertilizer；
Ear manuer：17wt%~23wt% nitrogenous fertilizer.
2. Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the nitrogenous fertilizer with
The form of urea is applied；
It is preferred that, the phosphate fertilizer is applied in the form of potassium dihydrogen phosphate；
It is preferred that, the potash fertilizer is applied in the form of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and/or potassium chloride.
3. Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the corn one
Two batches of year plantation, respectively in spring and planted in fall.
4. Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to claim 3, it is characterised in that carried out in spring
Soil subsoiling technology, autumn is no-tillage.
5. Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to claim 4, it is characterised in that subsoiling depth >=
25cm, preferably 25cm~40cm.
6. Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the corn exists
Distance between rows and hills during plantation is (55cm~65cm) × (25cm~35cm), and double grains seed cave is live.
7. Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that apply fertilizer every time
During material, the water for dissolving fertilizer is 4.5~5.5 tons/mu.
8. Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when applying fertilizer
Using fertigation.
9. Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the corn is
The fresh edible maize kind of 75~95 days breeding times；
It is preferred that, the kind of the corn is in beautiful glutinous No. 3 of Shanghai, Huyunuo 2, osmanthus glutinous 518, osmanthus glutinous 519, Jiangxi section sweet tea 6
One or more.
10. the Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to any one of claim 1~9, it is characterised in that
Equipment used includes when applying fertilizer by water-fertilizer integral method：
Cistern, pipeline force (forcing) pump, water delivery main pipeline and fertigation system；
It is preferred that, it is additionally provided with filter on the water delivery main pipeline.
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| CN110178513A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-30 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of corn fertilizing method improving sloping upland Red Soil Fertility |
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