CN107219161A - A kind of detection method of the glass fiber compound material porosity based on terahertz light spectral technology - Google Patents
A kind of detection method of the glass fiber compound material porosity based on terahertz light spectral technology Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001328 terahertz time-domain spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005088 metallography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013100 final test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N norethisterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0846—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials by use of radiation, e.g. transmitted or reflected light
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of detection method of the glass fiber compound material porosity based on terahertz light spectral technology.It is including step：Prepare the glass fiber compound material plate containing different porosities；Glass fiber compound material plate is tested using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system, and calculates tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter；The porosity of glass fiber compound material plate is demarcated using metallography microscope photographic process；The difference rule of the tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter of glass fiber compound material plate of the statistics with different porosities, sets up porosity detection model；For the glass fiber compound material plate that porosity is unknown, measurement obtains its tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter, you can its porosity is calculated by porosity detection model.The present invention can realize the quick and Non-Destructive Testing to glass fiber compound material porosity, have the advantages that not destroy and pollute sample, data processing is simple, testing result is accurate and detection process is radiationless.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to glass fiber compound material porosity detection field, and in particular to one kind is based on tera-hertz spectra skill
The detection method of the glass fiber compound material porosity of art.
Background technology
Glass fiber compound material is with its unique performance advantage, in Aero-Space, ship shipping, petrochemical industry, automobile
It is widely applied in the relevant industries such as industry, railway, family's living furniture, decorative architecture, building materials bathroom and sanitation project.
Hole is the most common microdefect of glass fiber compound material, the serious performance for reducing material of appearance of hole, such as interlayer
Shear strength, horizontal and vertical tensile strength and bending strength, bending modulus and stretch modulus etc..Evaluate determining for voids content
Figureofmerit is porosity, i.e., the percentage by volume of contained hole in unit volume.In actual applications, different industries are to glass fibers
The porosity of dimension composite all there are certain requirements, especially in the aerospace field higher to material quality requirement.Therefore,
The detection of porosity is extremely important to the performance guarantee of glass fiber compound material, develops accurately and reliably porosity detection technique
There is particularly important meaning.
Glass fiber compound material porosity detection method the more commonly used at present is broadly divided into destructive detection method and nothing
Damage detection method.Destructive detection method mainly includes:Water absorption method, densimetry and metallography microscope photographic process etc., traditional lossless inspection
Survey method mainly includes:Supersonic testing method and X-ray detection method etc., but above detection method all has respective limitation.It is broken
Glass fiber compound material is destroyed after bad property detection method is assessed, it is impossible to is come into operation, in actual production, is usually required that again
Porosity detection is carried out to it on the premise of glass fiber compound material is not destroyed；Supersonic testing method needs in detection process
In glass fiber compound material surface smear couplant, and resolution ratio is relatively low；X-ray rule is larger to human injury.Cause
This, needs a kind of new glass fiber compound material porosity lossless detection method of development badly.
THz wave is electromagnetic wave of the frequency between 0.1-10THz (wavelength is 0.03-3mm), in electromagnetic spectrum middle position
Between microwave and infra-red radiation.Terahertz Technology, which is used for glass fiber compound material Non-Destructive Testing, has following good characteristic：
(1) high permeability：Terahertz emission has good penetration capacity to nonmetallic apolar substance, can be to glass fiber compound material
Carry out perspective imaging.(2) security：The photon energy of terahertz emission is relatively low (milli electron-volt), will not produce ionization damage,
Compared with X-ray, human body is not injured.(3) it is untouchable：The detection mode of Terahertz equipment is contactless, and
Other auxiliary substances need not be smeared in detection process in sample surface, it is to avoid pollution and injury to sample.Just due to too
Hertz technology has above advantage, has been increasingly becoming a kind of new nondestructiving detecting means.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of glass fiber compound material based on terahertz light spectral technology
The detection method of porosity, exists using the tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter of the glass fiber compound material with different porosities
Difference, the relational model set up between glass fiber compound material porosity and tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter, realizes porosity
Detection.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of detection method of the glass fiber compound material porosity based on terahertz light spectral technology, including following step
Suddenly：
(1) the glass fiber compound material plate containing different porosities is prepared.
(2) glass fiber compound material plate is tested using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system, and calculates terahertz light
Spectrum signature parameter.
(3) porosity of glass fiber compound material plate is demarcated using metallography microscope photographic process.
(4) the difference rule of the tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter of glass fiber compound material plate of the statistics with different porosities
Rule, sets up porosity detection model.
(5) for the unknown glass fiber compound material plate of porosity, measurement obtains its tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter,
Its porosity can be calculated by porosity detection model.
Preferably, it is characterised in that：
Glass fiber compound material plate containing different porosities prepared by the step (1) is same batch material,
Manufacture craft and flow and material structure are essentially identical, and do not have in addition to hole other artificial defect and natural flaw.
The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system work that the step (2) uses in a transmissive mode, is filled during experiment in sample storehouse
Full nitrogen, air humidity is controlled below 2%, and temperature control is at 20 DEG C or so.
The step (2) obtains the terahertz under no specimen state first when carrying out Terahertz transmitted spectrum test experiments
Hereby ripple is directly used as reference by time domain waveform during nitrogen, and glass fiber compound material plate then is positioned over into sample rack again
On, obtain THz wave and pass through time domain waveform during sample.Reference and sample time-domain waveform respectively to acquisition carries out Fourier
Conversion, obtains frequency-domain waveform, and calculate tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter (such as refractive index of the sample in the range of effective measurement frequency
With absorption coefficient etc.).
Wherein n is sample refractive index, and a is sample absorbance coefficient, and ω is angular frequency,For sample signal and reference signal
Phase difference, ρ (ω) is the ratio between amplitude of sample signal and reference signal.
The step (3) is in the detection process of metallography microscope photographic process, respectively to each piece of glass fiber compound material
Plate mill takes 15 sections, and section taken pictures after grinding and buffing under metallographic microscope and observes and preserve image, passes through figure
Piece processor, cross-sectional image is put into grid, and the number of squares for calculating hole accounts for the ratio of total number of squares and obtains face gap
Rate.It will finally be averaged after the porosity summation in 15 sections, that is, obtain the volumetric porosity of sample.
The tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter of the glass fiber compound material plate of step (4) statistics with different porosities
Difference rule, selection can most distinguish the tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter of porosity, for setting up glass fiber compound material hole
Gap rate Terahertz detection model.Assuming that there is multiple tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameters can effectively distinguish porosity size, then it can divide
Not Cai Yong multiple parameters set up porosity detection model.In practical application, multiple porosity detection models can be used in combination,
It is easy to the contrast verification of porosity testing result.The relational model of porosity and tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter is shown below：
B=c0+c1p+c2p2+c3p3+… (3)
Wherein b is tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter, and p is porosity, c0、c1、c2And c3Respectively undetermined coefficient.Utilize reality
Test gained porosity and tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter data, fit every undetermined coefficient, so can draw porosity and
Definite relation between tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter.Gradually increase the exponent number of model, fit higher order model, until being further added by
Untill the exponent number of model and fitting precision are no longer significantly improved.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：The glass fiber compound material based on terahertz light spectral technology that the present invention is provided
Porosity detection method, glass fiber compound material will not be destroyed, be non-contact detection, and be not required in detection process
Will be in other auxiliary substances of glass fiber compound material surface smear, it is to avoid pollution and injury to sample.In addition, Terahertz
Radiation On Human body is not injured, safe.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the detection method flow chart of the glass fiber compound material porosity based on terahertz light spectral technology.
Fig. 2 is transmission-type terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system principle schematic diagram.Wherein, 1, femto-second laser, 2, beam splitter, 3,
Line of time delay, 4, photoconductive transmitter, 5, two-dimensional scan platform, 6, sample, 7, photoconductive receiver, 8, computer, 9,10,11, too
Hertz lens.
Fig. 3 is the experiment sample prepared.
Fig. 4 is the terahertz time-domain waveform for preparing experiment sample.
Fig. 5 is the Terahertz frequency-domain waveform for preparing experiment sample.
Fig. 6 is the spectrum of refractive index for preparing experiment sample.
Fig. 7 is the absorption coefficient spectrum for preparing experiment sample.
Fig. 8 is the porosity and index of refraction relationship for preparing experiment sample.
Fig. 9 is the porosity and absorption coefficient relation for preparing experiment sample.
Embodiment
In order that the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are clearer, it is right with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples
The present invention is described in further detail, but it is not intended that to the present invention can practical range restriction.
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system of the present invention is U.S. Advanced Phonotix, Inc. (API) company
The T-Ray 5000 of production.The system produces femto-second laser pulse by titanium sapphire laser device, and (centre wavelength is 1064nm, pulsewidth
For 80fs, repetition rate is 100MHz, and power output is 20mW).The a width of 0.1-2THz of effective frequency band of the system, frequency spectrum point
Resolution is 12.5GHz, and quick scanning range is 80ps, and temporal resolution is 0.1ps.Accompanying drawing 2 is the system transmittance mode of operation
Under principle schematic.
Embodiment 1：
Refer to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 9, the present embodiment provides one kind using terahertz light spectral technology to glass fibre composite wood
The method that material porosity is detected, it comprises the following steps：
(1) sample prepares：Four pieces of expoxy glass fibres machined using technique laminated into type by Harbin FRP Institute
Composite panel is tieed up, as shown in Figure 3, constituent includes glass fibre (E-glass alkali-free glass fibres) and epoxy resin,
There is no filler and additive, the thickness of four pieces of samples is respectively 2.314mm, 2.334mm, 2.8mm and 2.532mm.In sample system
During standby, by changing pressure, the porosity of four pieces of samples is different.
(2) tera-hertz spectra is tested：, can be by terahertz transmitter, reception in order to avoid the influence of water vapor in air
Device and sample rack are positioned in the seal closure filled with nitrogen.After terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system boot is stable, toward in seal closure
Inflated with nitrogen, until air humidity control is below 2%.Terahertz transmission time domain waveform, the i.e. terahertz of empty sample rack are gathered first
Hereby ripple is used as reference by time domain waveform during nitrogen.Then glass fiber compound material plate is positioned on sample rack, obtained
THz wave passes through time domain waveform during sample.In order to ensure the degree of accuracy of test, at least surveyed with reference to the time domain waveform with sample
Examination 3 times, averages as final test value, as shown in Figure 4.
(3) tera-hertz spectra calculation of characteristic parameters：Fourier transformation will be carried out with reference to the time domain waveform with sample, obtain frequency
Domain waveform, as shown in Figure 5, then utilizes the analytic calculation glass fiber compound material plate based on fresnel formula effective
The refractive index and absorption coefficient of Terahertz frequency range, respectively as seen in figs. 6 and 7.
Wherein n is sample refractive index, and a is sample absorbance coefficient, and ω is angular frequency,For sample signal and reference signal
Phase difference, ρ (ω) is the ratio between amplitude of sample signal and reference signal.From accompanying drawing 5 as can be seen that manufactured in the present embodiment four
The terahertz signal of block glass fiber compound material plate decays to lower value in 0.55THz or so.Further, since the present invention is adopted
The effective frequency of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system is since 0.1THz, therefore, and glass fibre manufactured in the present embodiment is combined
Effective Terahertz frequency range of plate of material is 0.1-0.55THz.
(4) porosity is demarcated：The hole of four pieces of epoxy glass fiber composite panels is demarcated using metallography microscope photographic process
Rate, porosity is respectively 2.62%, 2.81%, 3.97% and 4.67% after demarcation.Because metallography microscope photographic process demarcates hole
The operation of gap rate can destroy glass fiber compound material plate, it is therefore necessary to complete the Terahertz of glass fiber compound material plate first
Spectrum test.
(5) porosity Terahertz detection model is set up：Glass fiber compound material plate of the statistics with different porosities
The difference rule of Terahertz refractive index and absorption coefficient.From accompanying drawing 5 and 6 as can be seen that porosity is bigger, glass fibre composite wood
The refractive index and absorption coefficient of flitch are smaller, and this increase for being primarily due to porosity reduces glass fiber compound material plate
Density.The average value of the spectrum of refractive index of four blocks of glass fiber compound material plates in 0.1-0.55THz frequency ranges is calculated respectively
And the integrated value of absorption coefficient spectrum, and the pass set up between spectrum of refractive index average value and absorption coefficient spectral integral value and porosity
It is model, the present embodiment takes dispensable mould to be fitted, as shown in figs. 8 and 9, fitting result is respectively：
Ave-n=-0.03491*p+2.248 (3)
Sum-a=-87.36*p+717.3 (4)
Wherein ave-n is the average value of refractive index, and sum-a is the integrated value of absorption coefficient, and p is porosity.Degree of fitting point
Wei 96.66% and 95.68%.For the present embodiment, continue to increase the exponent number of model, fitting precision is no longer significantly improved.
(6) for porosity it is unknown, with the present embodiment in processing technology identical glass fiber compound material plate, measurement
Obtain the average value of its spectrum of refractive index in 0.1-0.55THz frequency ranges and the integrated value of absorption coefficient spectrum, you can logical
The formula (3) crossed in above-mentioned steps and (4) calculate its porosity respectively.The porosity that formula (3) and (4) are calculated is carried out
Contrast verification, finally takes both average values as the final porosity of sample.
In summary, presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is these are only, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of detection method of the glass fiber compound material porosity based on terahertz light spectral technology, it is characterised in that bag
Include following steps：
(1) the glass fiber compound material plate containing different porosities is prepared；
(2) glass fiber compound material plate is tested using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system, and it is special to calculate tera-hertz spectra
Levy parameter；
(3) porosity of glass fiber compound material plate is demarcated using metallography microscope photographic process；
(4) the difference rule of the tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter of glass fiber compound material plate of the statistics with different porosities,
Set up porosity detection model；
(5) for the unknown glass fiber compound material plate of porosity, measurement obtains its tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter, you can
Its porosity is calculated by porosity detection model.
2. a kind of detection of glass fiber compound material porosity based on terahertz light spectral technology according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：Glass fiber compound material plate containing different porosities prepared by the step (1) is with a collection of
Secondary material, manufacture craft and flow and material structure are essentially identical, and do not have in addition to hole other artificial defect and from
Right defect.
3. a kind of detection of glass fiber compound material porosity based on terahertz light spectral technology according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system that the step (2) uses works in a transmissive mode, sample during experiment
Nitrogen is full of in this storehouse, air humidity is controlled below 2%, and temperature control is at 20 DEG C or so.
4. a kind of detection of glass fiber compound material porosity based on terahertz light spectral technology according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：The step (2) obtains in no specimen shape first when carrying out Terahertz transmitted spectrum test experiments
THz wave is directly used as reference by time domain waveform during nitrogen under state, is then again positioned over glass fiber compound material plate
On sample rack, obtain THz wave and pass through time domain waveform during sample；Reference and sample time-domain waveform respectively to acquisition is carried out
Fourier transformation, obtains frequency-domain waveform, and calculate tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter of the sample in the range of effective measurement frequency
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Wherein：N is sample refractive index, and a is sample absorbance coefficient, and ω is angular frequency,For sample signal and reference signal
Phase difference, ρ (ω) is the ratio between sample signal and the amplitude of reference signal.
5. a kind of detection of glass fiber compound material porosity based on terahertz light spectral technology according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：The step (3) is in the detection process of metallography microscope photographic process, respectively to each block of glass fibre
Composite panel mill takes 15 sections, and section taken pictures after grinding and buffing under metallographic microscope and observes and preserve figure
Picture, by picture processor, cross-sectional image is put into grid, and the number of squares for calculating hole accounts for the ratio of total number of squares and obtained
To face porosity, it will finally be averaged after the porosity summation in 15 sections, that is, obtain the volumetric porosity of sample.
6. a kind of detection of glass fiber compound material porosity based on terahertz light spectral technology according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：The tera-hertz spectra of the glass fiber compound material plate of step (4) statistics with different porosities
The difference rule of characteristic parameter, selection can most distinguish the tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter of porosity, be answered for setting up glass fibre
Condensation material porosity Terahertz detection model, it is assumed that there are multiple tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameters can effectively distinguish porosity big
It is small, then multiple parameters can be respectively adopted and set up porosity detection model, in practical application, can be by multiple porosity detection models
It is used in combination, is easy to the contrast verification of porosity testing result, the relational model of porosity and tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter is such as
Shown in following formula：
B=c0+c1p+c2p2+c3p3+… (3)
Wherein：B is tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter, and p is porosity, c0、c1、c2And c3Respectively undetermined coefficient；Using testing
Porosity and tera-hertz spectra characteristic parameter data are obtained, every undetermined coefficient are fitted, and then porosity and terahertz can be drawn
Hereby the definite relation between spectral signature parameter, gradually increases the exponent number of model, fit higher order model, until being further added by model
Exponent number and untill fitting precision no longer significantly improves.
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| CN108760675A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-11-06 | 厦门大学 | A kind of Terahertz exceptional spectrum recognition methods and system |
| CN109187419A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-11 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Post insulator sub-aperture steeps detection method and device, terminal, storage medium |
| CN109959664A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-02 | 长春禹衡光学有限公司 | Contamination detection method, device and the readable storage medium storing program for executing of absolute grating ruler |
| CN111220564A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-06-02 | 长春理工大学 | Terahertz detection optimization method for bonding pressurization parameters of multilayer structure |
| CN111239019A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-06-05 | 华东理工大学 | Thermal barrier coating micropore structural characteristic characterization method based on terahertz spectrum technology |
| CN111272691A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-06-12 | 航天科工防御技术研究试验中心 | Terahertz wave detection test block and detection method |
| CN111999190A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-11-27 | 中国民用航空飞行学院 | Terahertz detection method and device for low-speed impact damage of composite material test piece |
| CN112630119A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-09 | 北京航天计量测试技术研究所 | Porous ceramic material equivalent refractive index measuring device and porosity calculating method |
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