CN107211802A - A kind of tree-like breeding method of apricot " Y-shaped " - Google Patents
A kind of tree-like breeding method of apricot " Y-shaped " Download PDFInfo
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- CN107211802A CN107211802A CN201710491734.8A CN201710491734A CN107211802A CN 107211802 A CN107211802 A CN 107211802A CN 201710491734 A CN201710491734 A CN 201710491734A CN 107211802 A CN107211802 A CN 107211802A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of tree-like breeding method of apricot " Y-shaped ", the breeding method point is completed for 3 years, is concretely comprised the following steps：1) First Year, grafting field planting keep-alive；2) second and third year, tree-like culture：3) the 3rd end of the year " Y-shaped " tree-like culture is completed：The present invention compared with prior art, with advantages below：Compared with traditional cultivation, tree height reduction, only two scaffold limbs and side shoot are easy to transformation, easily grasped by orchard worker；Pruning technique is simplified, and pruning workload is greatly reduced, and meaningless nutrient loss is minimized；Height of tree crown, volume are all greatly reduced, and more facilitate harvesting and other production operations；The present invention, which is realized, makes full use of space, and ventilation and penetrating light condition is good, and light-use is good in hat, and photosynthetic efficiency is high, and yield is high, and quality better, local flavor is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting technical field, and in particular to a kind of tree-like breeding method of apricot " Y-shaped ".
Background technology
Apricot is one of the Main Cultivation fruit tree in low mountains and hills area, light soil is liked, on well-drained fertile loam
Well-grown.The apricot cultivated at present is mostly using happy shape, evacuation layering shape or natural globular model, above-mentioned cultivated apricot
Tree shape is respectively present following shortcoming：
(1) happy shape is tree-like：The happy shape apricot cultivated, it grows into the later stage, and major branch base portion baldness, interior thorax is empty
Void, since the best fruiting period, because nutrition is largely flowed at the top of tree crown and fruit, tree body base portion cannot get the keeping of blade for a long time,
Major branch aging accelerates, the lost of life.And due to major branch base portion baldness, be exposed to the sun for a long time under sunlight, trunk be transported up moisture,
The ability of inorganic matter mineral element declines, and accelerates the best fruiting period and shortens, yield declines.Further, since major branch excessively extends, growth
Later stage causes tree crown plane result, in the ranks intersects, and is unfavorable for the operation of the farming such as spray, weeding and harvesting.
(2) evacuation layering shape is tree-like：It is big, above small below the tree-like major branch, beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light；Large, medium and small all kinds of branches
Group is straggly raw, and it is more reasonable but more into age tree major branch to be laid out, and inserted part is low, if trimming is not in place, easily causes strongly fragrant
Close.
(3) natural globular model：Naturally the apricot of growth was globular model before result, after some annual bearings, by
Crossfade into wealthy circular or semicircle.Branch is many and chaotic inside such apricot, main, side shoot fuzzy, although result ratio
It is relatively early, but tree vigo(u)r dies down after large result, setting fruit position is moved up, tree crown bottom and interior thorax baldness, continuous bearing capacity
It is low.Pruning can make tree body, branch solid, rational in infrastructure, can fully receive and utilize luminous energy, make tree body precocity fruiting, morning
High yield, fruit quality is good, the economic life extension of tree body.
It is above-mentioned tree-like in actual mechanical process, often because orchard worker to the utilization of pruning technique not in place so that tree
Shape is lack of standardization, complicated, it is difficult to realize the entire mechanization of production of fruit trees management.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, the invention discloses a kind of tree-like breeding method of apricot " Y-shaped ", tree management letter
Single, it is easy to form that specification is tree-like, yield is high, and pruning technique is easy to grasp, make that illumination utilization rate is high, daily cultivation management it is convenient with
And do mechanization operation degree is increased dramatically.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme：A kind of tree-like cultivation side of apricot " Y-shaped "
Method, the breeding method point is completed for 3 years, is concretely comprised the following steps：
1) First Year, grafting field planting keep-alive：
A, building well：
In First Year spring, building well is colonized using grafting, is colonized seeding row spacing 4m, spacing in the rows 1.5m, nursery stock is from I grades of breeding apricots
Set grafting；
B, field planting building well slow seedling：
New field planting apricot seedling ensures that moisture is supplied in time in First Year, it is ensured that planting stock survives；Major branch is carried out simultaneously to tie up
Tie up, in time will be main when major branch bondage refers to that top-heavy phenomenon occur in the branches and leaves that restoration ecosystem pumping goes out after treelet major branch slow seedling
Branch is fixed with fixed wooden stick bondage, prevents from causing windbreak；
2) second and third year, tree-like culture：
Shaping measure include once surely do, determine select and remain major branch, crownling branch draw branch, bud picking, major branch bondage pinching, dredge
Branch, turn round slightly, cutting back and getting rid of puts；
It is described once to determine dry refer to：Before early March apricot sprouts by the end of February, dry to center to be done surely, heading height is
60-70 centimetres；
The major branch for determining to select and remain refers to：Early March, selects and remain 2 major branches by the end of February, and 2 major branch extending heads stay 40-50
Centimetre cutting back, dredges and removes competitive branch, and remaining branch goes to force to stay on weak, goes directly to stay tiltedly, retains sprig；Remove major branch back vertical branch or
The sublateral shoot tiltedly above grown；
Crownling's branch draws branch to refer to：Major branch is pulled open into base angle to 90 ° with rope；
The bud picking refers to：After Second Year spring rudiment, the twin branch and overstocked branch of major branch back are erased, is retained under clip
First bud extends branch as major branch；
The major branch bondage pinching refers to：Pinching is carried out when crownling's branch extension branch is up to 40-50 centimetres, sublateral shoot is inspired,
Sublateral shoot pinching when up to 25-30 centimetres；
The sparse branching refers to：After sublateral shoot is sprouted, the sublateral shoot of upright and dense planting is removed；
The torsion slightly refers to：Tiltedly raw pair is slightly stayed 20-30 centimetres and turned round slightly；
The cutting back refers to：During winter pruning, major branch extension branch stays 40-50 centimetres of cutting back, and the first bud stays outer bud or lateral bud,
2nd, 3 buds stay lateral bud, and to cultivate big-and-middle-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the extension branch of big-and-middle-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster stays 10-60 centimetres of cutting back；
It is described get rid of to put refer to：During winter pruning, side life, tiltedly life are not cut slightly newly；
(3) " Y-shaped " tree-like culture is completed：
The tree-like culture of apricot " Y-shaped " to year end the 3rd is fully completed, and the height of tree is controlled in 3.0m, is cultivated on each major branch
10 fruit-bearing shoot clusters, are distributed evenly over major branch both sides, and at a distance of 30-40 centimetres, bough group stays 6, and middle branch group stays 4, sprig group
Stay 2.
In step a) in the First Year grafting field planting keep-alive, first by selected I level breeding Apricot graft seedlings
Root is immersed in half an hour in the rooting agent solution prepared；Then Apricot graft seedling transplanting is sprayed into soil again
Water.First the root of Apricot graft seedling is entered in rooting agent solution, apricot is may advantageously facilitate and does sth. in advance germination, it is easy to operate, easily
In grasp；Enable to grafting root to be in close contact with soil after water spray, be conducive to stable grow.
Further, when new hair branch growth amount reaches more than 7cm, amino acids fertilizer is diluted with water to concentration for 15-
25%, and be sprayed on nursery stock after being mixed with growth promoter and bactericide.By amino acids fertilizer and growth promoter, bactericide
It is sprayed onto on nursery stock, trunk infusion can be supplemented rapidly.
Further, the step 2) in impose on nitrogenous fertilizer before apricot rudiment；Late June, 30,000 grams/acre of urea is applied, cross phosphorus
Sour 20,000 grams/acre of calcium；Late September, spray on plants Huolisu, urea, the mixed liquor of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, plant-mineral-element, urea,
The concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is respectively 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.2%.Rationally, efficiency slow release improves fertilizer utilization to fertilizer formula
Rate, meets demand of the apricot to nutrient, promotes apricot well to grow, so as to improve fruit-setting rate.
The present invention compared with prior art, with advantages below：
1st, the tree height reduction compared with traditional cultivation, only two scaffold limbs and side shoot, are easy to transformation, are easily slapped by orchard worker
Hold；
2nd, pruning technique is simplified, and pruning workload is greatly reduced, and meaningless nutrient loss is minimized；
3rd, height of tree crown, volume are all greatly reduced, and more facilitate harvesting and other production operations；
4th, the present invention, which is realized, makes full use of space, and ventilation and penetrating light condition is good, and light-use is good in hat, and photosynthetic efficiency is high,
Yield is high, and quality better, local flavor is good.
Embodiment
The technical scheme provided below with reference to specific embodiment the present invention is described in detail, it should be understood that following specific
Embodiment is only illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1：
Xinjiang Wenxiu County desert greening base is located at Xinjiang South Sinkiang Northwestern Margin of Tarim Basin, belongs to the famine of warm temperate zone arid
Unconcerned weather, heat enriches.Soil is sandy soil, is the desert sandy land opened up wasteland 10 years, with the soil is porous, permeable breathable
Well, the advantages of retain water and nutrients ability, it is adapted to apricot plantation.Dry apricot is hung in selection Xinjiang and Ku Che small white almonds carry out tree-like culture,
By taking 2013 to 3 years 2015 culture periods as an example, comprise the following steps that：
(1) 2013 year spring, grafting field planting building well is colonized seeding row spacing 4m, spacing in the rows 1.5m, nursery stock is from I grades of breeding apricots
Set grafting；First the root of selected I level breeding Apricot graft seedlings is immersed in small half in the rooting agent solution prepared
When；Then Apricot graft seedling transplanting is sprayed water into soil again.The root of Apricot graft seedling is first entered into root-growing agent molten
In liquid.
(2) new field planting apricot seedling ensures that moisture is supplied in time in First Year, it is ensured that planting stock survives；Major branch is carried out simultaneously
Bondage, when major branch bondage refers to that top-heavy phenomenon occur in the branches and leaves that restoration ecosystem pumping goes out after treelet major branch slow seedling, in time will
Major branch is fixed with fixed wooden stick bondage, prevents from causing windbreak
(3) second and third year, tree-like culture：
2013, before early March apricot sprouts by the end of February, dry to center to be done surely, heading height was 60-70 centimetres；
Early March, selects and remain 2 suitable young sprouts of robust growth, bearing of trend as major branch, 2 major branch extending heads by the end of February
40-50 centimetres of cutting back is stayed, dredges and removes competitive branch, remaining branch goes to force to stay on weak, goes directly to stay tiltedly, sprig is retained as far as possible, major branch angle is kept
Degree and growth potential；The sublateral shoot for removing the vertical branch of major branch back or tiltedly above growing；
Summer in 2014, major branch is pulled open into base angle to 90 ° with rope；
After spring rudiment in 2014, the twin branch and overstocked branch of major branch back are erased, retains the first bud under clip and is used as master
Branch extension branch；
Spring in 2014 and summer, pinching is carried out when crownling's branch extension branch is up to 40-50 centimetres, sublateral shoot, sublateral shoot is inspired
Pinching when up to 25-30 centimetres；
Spring in 2014 and summer, after sublateral shoot is sprouted, remove the sublateral shoot of upright and dense planting；
Summer in 2014, the pair tiltedly given birth to slightly is stayed 20-30 centimetres and turned round slightly；
During winter pruning in 2014, major branch extension branch stays 40-50 centimetres of cutting back, and the first bud stays outer bud or lateral bud, and the 2nd, 3 buds
Lateral bud is stayed, to cultivate big-and-middle-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the extension branch of big-and-middle-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster stays 10-60 centimetres of cutting back；
During winter pruning in 2014, during winter pruning, side life, tiltedly life are not cut slightly newly；
2015 identical with incubation in 2014, repeat step (3).
(4) " Y-shaped " tree-like culture is completed：
The tree-like culture of apricot " Y-shaped " to year end the 3rd (year end 2015) is fully completed, and the height of tree is controlled in 3.0m, each
10 fruit-bearing shoot clusters are cultivated on major branch, major branch both sides are distributed evenly over, at a distance of 30-40 centimetres, bough group stays 6, and middle branch group stays 4
Individual, sprig group stays 2.
Embodiment 2：
On the basis of embodiment 1, when new hair branch growth amount reaches more than 7cm, amino acids fertilizer is diluted with water to dense
Spend for 15-25%, and be sprayed on nursery stock after being mixed with growth promoter and bactericide.Amino acids fertilizer and growth are promoted
Agent, bactericide are sprayed onto on nursery stock, and trunk infusion can be supplemented rapidly.
The step 2) in impose on nitrogenous fertilizer before apricot rudiment；In late June, 2014, apply 30,000 grams/acre of urea, calcium superphosphate
20000 grams/acre；Late September, spray on plants Huolisu, urea, the mixed liquor of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, plant-mineral-element, urea, phosphoric acid
The concentration of potassium dihydrogen is respectively 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.2%.
It is last it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and non-limiting technical side
Case, it will be understood by those within the art that, those modify or equivalent substitution to technical scheme, and
The objective and scope of the technical program are not departed from, all should be covered among scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (4)
1. the tree-like breeding method of a kind of apricot " Y-shaped ", it is characterised in that the breeding method point is completed for 3 years, specific step
Suddenly it is：
1) First Year, grafting field planting keep-alive：
A, building well：
In First Year spring, building well is colonized using grafting, is colonized seeding row spacing 4m, spacing in the rows 1.5m, nursery stock is transferred from I grades of breeding apricots
Seedlings picking；
B, field planting building well slow seedling：
New field planting apricot seedling ensures that moisture is supplied in time in First Year, it is ensured that planting stock survives；Major branch bondage is carried out simultaneously, it is main
When branch bondage refers to that top-heavy phenomenon occur in the branches and leaves that restoration ecosystem pumping goes out after treelet major branch slow seedling, in time by major branch and admittedly
Fixed wooden stick bondage is fixed, and prevents from causing windbreak；
2) second and third year, tree-like culture：
Shaping measure includes once doing surely, determines that the major branch selected and remain, crownling's branch draw branch, bud picking, major branch bondage pinching, sparse branching, torsion
Slightly, cutting back and getting rid of is put；
It is described once to determine dry refer to：Before early March apricot sprouts by the end of February, dry to center to be done surely, heading height is 60-70
Centimetre；
The major branch for determining to select and remain refers to：Early March, selects and remain 2 major branches by the end of February, and 2 major branch extending heads stay 40-50 centimetres
Cutting back, dredges and removes competitive branch, and remaining branch goes to force to stay on weak, goes directly to stay tiltedly, retains sprig；Remove major branch back vertical branch or tiltedly on
The sublateral shoot of growth；
Crownling's branch draws branch to refer to：Major branch is pulled open into base angle to 90 ° with rope；
The bud picking refers to：After Second Year spring rudiment, the twin branch and overstocked branch of major branch back are erased, is retained first under clip
Bud extends branch as major branch；
The major branch bondage pinching refers to：Pinching is carried out when crownling's branch extension branch is up to 40-50 centimetres, sublateral shoot, sublateral shoot is inspired
Pinching when up to 25-30 centimetres；
The sparse branching refers to：After sublateral shoot is sprouted, the sublateral shoot of upright and dense planting is removed；
The torsion slightly refers to：Tiltedly raw pair is slightly stayed 20-30 centimetres and turned round slightly；
The cutting back refers to：During winter pruning, major branch extension branch stays 40-50 centimetres of cutting back, and the first bud stays outer bud or lateral bud, the 2nd,
3 buds stay lateral bud, and to cultivate big-and-middle-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the extension branch of big-and-middle-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster stays 10-60 centimetres of cutting back；
It is described get rid of to put refer to：During winter pruning, side life, tiltedly life are not cut slightly newly；
(3) " Y-shaped " tree-like culture is completed：
The tree-like culture of apricot " Y-shaped " to year end the 3rd is fully completed, and the height of tree is controlled in 3.0m, and 10 are cultivated on each major branch
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster, is distributed evenly over major branch both sides, and at a distance of 30-40 centimetres, bough group stays 6, and middle branch group stays 4, and sprig group stays 2
It is individual.
2. the tree-like breeding method of apricot " Y-shaped " according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the First Year grafting
In step a) in seedling field planting keep-alive, the root of selected I level breeding Apricot graft seedlings is first immersed in taking root of preparing
Half an hour in agent solution；Then Apricot graft seedling transplanting is sprayed water into soil again.
3. the tree-like breeding method of apricot " Y-shaped " according to claim 2, it is characterised in that new hair branch growth amount reaches
During to more than 7cm, amino acids fertilizer is diluted with water to concentration for 15-25%, and after being mixed with growth promoter and bactericide
It is sprayed on nursery stock.
4. the tree-like breeding method of apricot " Y-shaped " according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step 2) in apricot
Nitrogenous fertilizer is imposed on before tree rudiment；Late June, apply 30,000 grams/acre of urea, 20,000 grams/acre of calcium superphosphate；Late September, spray on plants is lived
Power element, urea, the mixed liquor of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, plant-mineral-element, urea, the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is respectively 0.1%,
0.2% and 0.2%.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107750794A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-06 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of pruning method for strengthening frame pear tree major branch tip growth potential |
| CN111108949A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-05-08 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Pruning method for plum trees and apricot trees |
| CN111133945A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-12 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | High-benefit intercropping cultivation method for apricot trees in sandy soil barren land |
| CN111527970A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-14 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Pruning method for fruit and leaf dual-purpose shea butter fruit tree type |
| CN111742773A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-09 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Jujube tree pruning method suitable for mechanized operation |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107750794A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-06 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of pruning method for strengthening frame pear tree major branch tip growth potential |
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| CN111133945A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-12 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | High-benefit intercropping cultivation method for apricot trees in sandy soil barren land |
| CN111108949A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-05-08 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Pruning method for plum trees and apricot trees |
| CN111108949B (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-09-07 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Pruning method for plum trees and apricot trees |
| CN111527970A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-14 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Pruning method for fruit and leaf dual-purpose shea butter fruit tree type |
| CN111527970B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-07 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Pruning method for fruit and leaf dual-purpose shea butter fruit tree type |
| CN111742773A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-09 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Jujube tree pruning method suitable for mechanized operation |
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Application publication date: 20170929 |