CN107211509B - 智能电开关 - Google Patents
智能电开关 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
- H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
- H05B47/19—Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
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- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
- H04L12/2816—Controlling appliance services of a home automation network by calling their functionalities
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B39/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for operating incandescent light sources
- H05B39/02—Switching on, e.g. with predetermined rate of increase of lighting current
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- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
- H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
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- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00004—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by the power network being locally controlled
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
- H02J13/00024—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission by means of mobile telephony
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
- H02J13/00026—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission involving a local wireless network, e.g. Wi-Fi, ZigBee or Bluetooth
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
- H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
- H04L2012/284—Home automation networks characterised by the type of medium used
- H04L2012/2841—Wireless
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Abstract
本发明揭示一种智能电开关,其包括连接到计算机***的常规机械开关,所述计算机***与外部装置通信且从所述外部装置接收指令。所述开关可安装在现有电路中以取代多路布线几何结构中的一个开关,且包含检测零线上的电流的传感器。通过确定电路状态,所述开关可确定当无线地接收将所述电路通电或断电的指令时所述机械开关元件是否应被触发。
Description
相关申请案的交叉参考
本申请案是2015年4月28日申请的第14/698,690号美国专利申请案的部分接续申请案,其又主张2014年11月4日申请的第62/074,902号美国临时专利申请案的权益。本申请案还主张2014年11月4日申请的第62/074,902号美国临时申请案的权益。这些申请案的全部内容均以引用方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电布线领域,且更特定来说,涉及关于智能多路电开关的***、方法及设备。
背景技术
电***通常包含包括开关元件的手动开关***,所述开关元件组合成三路或四路布线几何结构以对用户提供从多个位置操作电路的能力。举例来说,希望且建筑条例通常要求在房间的每个入口处具有灯开关。然而,如果开关是串联布线,那么每个开关必须“接通”以使灯工作。同样地,如果开关是并联布线,那么每个开关必须“断开”以使灯关断。相反地,多路布线几何结构用于使每个开关充当触发器。电路具有两个状态-“接通(通电)”及“断开(断电)”-且操作开关中的任一者致使电路改变为相反状态-断电电路接收电力并接通,且通电电路关断。
在操作单个电路的典型且简单的“接通/断开”开关中,进入建筑物中的电力供应流动到将最终接收电力的装置。此装置可为灯固定装置、壁式插座或任何其它装置(或装置集)。消耗电力的装置称为“负载”。为了使电流动,电源与负载之间必须具有完整的电路。这意味着从电源到负载的“导线”实际上为至少两条导线-通电或“火”线(归因于围绕其的不导电护套的典型颜色,其在此项技术中常规上称为“黑”线),其含有流动到负载的电流;及“零”线(常规上,“白”线),其允许电流回流到电源,从而使电路完整。因此,简单的接通/断开开关本质上是电路的可移动部分,其在用户翻转外部开关组件时,部分使电路完整完成或断路。即,当开关处于“接通”位置中时,电路是完整的且电势致使电流流动到负载,从而对所述负载供电(且因此,如果负载是灯,那么使灯接通)。当开关移动到“断开”位置时,电路断路,电子停止流动,且负载实质上没有接收电流,从而使灯关断。
除需要额外的导线使得将电力接通/关断的功能工作外,三路开关是以相同的基本原理操作,而与操作两个开关中的哪一个开关无关且与另一开关的状态无关。这本质上是通过以额外的导线将两个开关布线在一起使得在开关中的一者改变状态的任何时间电路也会改变状态来完成。
此见于现有技术的图1A到1D中。在图1A中,电路(101)包含火线(103)及连接到电路中的负载(107)的零线(105)。在此情况中,负载(107)是灯(107)。火线(103)进入第一个三路开关(109A)。火线的部分(111)从第一开关(109A)延伸到第二个三路开关(109B),且接着继续延伸到负载(107)。开关(109A)与(109B)之间还布线了开关线(113),归因于护套的典型颜色,其常规上是“红”线。此开关线(113)是允许三路几何结构工作的导线。
在图1A中,灯(107)关断且电路(101)断路,这是因为电流没有路径来流动到负载(107)。电力流过第一开关(109A)且跨过开关线(113)到第二开关(109B),但是第二开关(109B)连接到火线(103)的部分(111),从而没有留下到负载(107)的连续路径。然而,如果开关(109A)及(109B)被触发,那么电力将流动。如可见于图1B中,如果第一开关(109A)被拨动,那么得到完整电路,因为电子可从火线(103)流动到第一开关(109A)、跨过部分(111)到第二开关(109B),且进入负载(107)。替代地,如图1C中所示,如果第二开关(109B)被拨动,那么电力可从火线(103)流动到第一开关(109A)、跨过开关线(113)到第二开关(109B),且接着进入负载(107)。类似地,任一电路(101)可通过操作任一开关(109A)及(109B)而断路,从而使灯(107)关断。
此***需要专业硬件。这是因为火线(103)及零线(105)在延伸穿过建筑物的墙壁时通常被捆绑在外部护套内,且接着切开护套,且使个别导线分离且通常通过将每条导线的末端缠绕在开关上的不同的金属接线柱或极上且拧紧将导线固定到接线柱的螺钉而将导线个别地附接到开关。接线柱又连接到内部开关组件。为了使此工作,开关必须在适当配置中具有足够多的接线柱以支持三路开关。这还意味着在最低限度下,在两个开关之间延伸的经捆绑导线的部分必须具有火(黑)线、零(白)线及开关(红)线。
已针对四路开关开发出类似技术及硬件。举例来说,在图2A及2B的经描绘现有技术实施例中,使用布线到四路开关(115)的一对三路开关(109A)及(109B)实施四路开关。正如三路开关,第一个三路开关(109A)使用火线的部分(111A)连同开关线的部分(113A)连接到四路开关(115)。同样地,四路开关(115)使用火线的第二部分(111B)及开关线的第二部分(113B)连接到第二个三路开关(109B)。四路开关(115)是双掷/双拉开关,这意味着当操作开关时,通过开关的电流在极之间反向。这本质上意味着如果***中已经存在电路径,那么操作四路开关将使电路断路。如果不存在电流,那么操作四路开关将闭合电路。三路开关如关于现有技术的图1A到1D所述那样操作。
已经做出了各种尝试来经由家庭自动化技术来实施智能多路开关。举例来说,负载可为具有单个内部开关的智能装置,所述内部开关与远程放置的开关无线地通信。因此,当操作任何开关时,所述装置可检测其自身状态且按照需要触发接通/关断。然而,这些***并未结合现有的布线及硬件来操作。
举例来说,家庭自动化***通常要求以需要大量配置及设置的“智能”装置替代固定装置及/或开关。这可增加费用、困难及浪费,因为浪费了现有设备。这在具有古老或非标准固定装置的建筑物中可能成问题,在所述建筑物中替代智能固定装置可能不可用。另外,如果常规布线被智能***替代,那么***操作取决于连续通信。如果通信中断,那么***不再操作。这使得此类***在其中有可能需要固定装置的特殊情况下易于遭遇灾难性故障。举例来说,在暴风雨期间,单次附近的雷击可使组件呈现为不可操作。当没有常规布线***作为自动防故障装置时,这些***不适合在许多应用中使用。因此,希望添加自动化固定装置到住宅或其它建筑物的用户被迫更换***的主要组件且失去了常规开关技术的安全性及/或可靠性。
发明内容
下文是对本发明的概述以提供对本发明的一些方面的基本理解。此概述不旨在识别本发明的关键或重要要素,也不旨在勾画本发明的范围。本章节的唯一目的是以简化形式提出本发明的一些概念作为稍后呈现的更详细描述的序言。
由于此项技术中的这些及其它问题,本文尤其描述了一种智能开关设备(301),其致动常规的机械开关(303)以使***状态改变。此装置不仅仅模仿常规***的行为,而且实际上使用此***,这意味着如果智能开关设备由于任何原因无法操作,那么开关的手动使用将继续运行以使***状态改变(例如,将电路通电或断电)。此***具有进一步优点:仅一个开关被智能开关替代以允许远程地触发整个多路电路。另外,此智能开关可智能地跟踪***状态知识且相应地做出决定,而非仅仅用作触发器。
附图说明
图1A到1D描绘现有技术的三路电力开关。
图2A到2B描绘现有技术的四路电力开关。
图3描绘根据本发明的智能开关***的示意图。
图4是根据本发明的联网实施方案的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下详细描述及揭示内容是以举例而非限制的方式说明。此描述将清楚地使得所述领域的技术人员能够制作及使用所揭示的***及方法,且描述了所揭示的***及方法的若干实施例、调适、变型、替代及使用。由于在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下可在上述配置方面做出各种改变,希望包含在所述描述中或附图中所示的所有内容应被解释为说明性的而不是限制性的意义。
遍及本发明,术语“计算机”描述通常实施由数字计算技术提供的功能性,特别是与微处理器相关联的计算功能性的硬件。术语“计算机”不旨在限于任何具体类型的计算装置,而是旨在包括所有计算装置,包含但不限于:处理装置、微处理器、个人计算机、台式计算机、膝上型计算机、工作站、终端、服务器、客户端、便携式计算机、手持计算机、智能手机、平板计算机、移动装置、服务器场、硬件器具、小型计算机、大型计算机、视频游戏机、手持式视频游戏产品及可穿戴计算装置,包含但不限于眼镜、腕带、吊坠及夹式装置。
如本文中所使用,“计算机”一定是由配备了具有特定作用的计算机的典型硬件及配件的单个计算装置提供的功能性的抽象概念。举例来说而非限制,参考膝上型计算机的术语“计算机”将被所属领域的一般技术人员理解为包含由基于指针的输入装置(例如鼠标或跟踪板)提供的功能性,而参考企业级服务器使用的术语“计算机”将被所属领域的一般技术人员理解为包含由例如RAID驱动器及双电源的冗余***提供的功能性。
所属领域的一般技术人员还将充分认识到,单个计算机的功能性可分布在多个个别机器上。此分配可能是有用的,因为其中具体机器执行具体任务;或是平衡的,因为其中每个机器能够执行任何其它机器的大部分或所有功能且基于其在某个时间点的可用资源向其指派任务。因此,如本文中所使用的术语“计算机”可指代单个的、独立式、自含式装置或一起工作或独立地工作的多个机器,包含但不限于:网络服务器场、“云”计算***、软件即服务或其它分布式或协作式计算机网络。
所述领域的一般技术人员还明白的是,在某些情况下,常规上不被认为是“计算机”的一些装置仍然展现出“计算机”的特性。当此装置执行如本文中所述的“计算机”的功能时,术语“计算机”在这种程度上包含此类装置。此类型的装置包含但不限于:网络硬件、打印服务器、文件服务器、NAS及SAN、负载平衡器及就常规“计算机”而言能够与本文中所述的***及方法交互的任何其它硬件。
遍及本发明,术语“软件”是指代码对象、程序逻辑、命令结构、数据结构及定义、源代码、可执行及/或二进制文件、机器代码、目标代码、编译库、实施方案、算法、库,或能够由计算机处理器执行或能够被转换成能够由计算机处理器(所述计算机处理器包含但不限于虚拟处理器)或通过使用运行时间环境、虚拟机及/或解译器执行的形式的任何指令或指令集合。所述领域的一般技术人员认识到,软件可以被布线或嵌入到硬件中,包含但不限于嵌入到微芯片上,且仍被认为是本发明的意义内的“软件”。出于本发明的目的,软件包含但不限于:存储或可存储在RAM、ROM、快闪存储器BIOS、CMOS、母板及子板电路、硬件控制器、USB控制器或主机、***装置及控制器,视频卡、音频控制器、网卡、及其它无线通信装置、虚拟存储器、存储装置及相关控制器、固件及装置驱动器中的指令。此处所述的***及方法预期使用计算机及通常存储在计算机或机器可读存储媒体或存储器中的计算机软件。
遍及本发明,本文中用于描述或参考保持软件的媒体的术语(包含但不限于例如“媒体”、“存储媒体”及“存储器”的术语)可包含或排除例如信号及载波的暂时媒体。
遍及本发明,术语“网络”、“网站”、“网络服务器”、“网络客户端”及“网络浏览器”通常是指经编程以使用超文本传输协议(“HTTP”)及/或类似及/或相关协议(包含但不限超文本传输协议安全(“HTTPS”)及安全超文本传输协议(“SHTP”)通过网络进行通信的计算机。“网络服务器”是接收及响应HTTP请求的计算机,且“网络客户端”是具有发送及接收对HTTP请求的响应的用户代理的计算机。用户代理通常是网络浏览器软件。
遍及本发明,术语“网络”通常是指计算机通过其彼此通信的语音、数据或其它电信网络。术语“服务器”通常是指通过网络提供服务的计算机,且“客户端”通常是指通过网络存取或使用由服务器提供的服务的计算机。所属领域的一般技术人员将明白,取决于背景,术语“服务器”及“客户端”可指代硬件、软件及/或硬件与软件的组合。所属领域的一般技术人员将进一步明白,术语“服务器”及“客户端”可指代网络通信或网络连接的端点,包含但不一定限于网络套接字连接。所属领域的一般技术人员将进一步明白,“服务器”可包括传递服务或服务集合的多个软件及/或硬件服务器。所属领域的一般技术人员将进一步明白,术语“主机”可以名词形式指代网络通信或网络的端点(例如,“远程主机”),或可以动词形式指代通过网络提供服务(“托管网站”)的服务器或通过网络提供服务的接入点。
遍及本发明,术语“实时”是指软件在给定事件开始或完成或给定的模块、软件或***做出响应的操作期限内操作,且通常提出响应或执行时间在普通用户的视角且考虑的技术背景下实际上大体上与参考事件处于同时期。所属领域的一般技术人员应理解,“实时”并不按照字面意味着***处理程序输入及/或瞬时响应,而是***处理程序及/或响应足够快,使得处理或响应时间是在普通人对程序的操作环境中的实时时间流逝的感知之内。所属领域的一般技术人员应理解,当操作环境是图形用户界面时,“实时”通常暗示不超过一秒的实际时间的响应时间,其中毫秒或微秒是优选的。然而,所属领域的一般技术人员还应理解,在其它操作环境下,“实时”操作的***可展现出长于一秒的延迟,特别是涉及网络操作的情况。
遍及本发明,术语“嵌入式***”、“嵌入式计算机”及其变体将专用计算机硬件及软件与通用计算机硬件和软件区分开来。如本文中所使用,嵌入式***是专用***,其中计算机大部分或完全是由其控制的装置封装。不同于例如个人计算机的通用计算机,嵌入式***通常执行更有限的预定义任务,通常具有完成有限及预定义的操作任务集的非常具体的要求。因为***专用于具体任务,所以其更容易针对任务优化,从而通过消除通用计算机中出现的不必要的组件及设计电路板电路及***几何结构以提高操作效率、降低制造成本且处置特定操作条件(例如极端温度)来减少大小和成本。
在图3的所描绘实施例中,描绘了根据本发明的智能开关***(301)或装置(301)。所描绘装置(301)安装在四路开关电路中。装置(301)取代例如图2中所描绘的现有技术***的四路开关(115)的组件。所描绘装置(301)包括常规的四路开关(303)连同常规开关中没有的其它组件,包含逻辑单元(305)、计算机***(307)、电流传感器(321)及任选地调光器电路(309)。包含也在图3中描绘的额外电路以如本文所述那样连接这些组件。
在所描绘实施例中,传入火线111A及113A对装置301供电且连接到位于电源与装置301之间的第一个三路开关109A。插座火线111B及113B将来自所描绘装置301的电流传输到位于所描绘装置301与负载107之间的第二个三路开关109B。重要的是要理解,所描绘装置301无需具有电路中的其它三路开关109A及109B的任何状态知识。所描绘装置301通过检测零线105上的电流来检测负载107是否正接收电力。在所描绘实施例中,这是使用电流传感器321来进行。
在所描绘装置301中,由操作性地连接到逻辑单元305及计算机***307的常规四路双极/双掷开关303提供开关。逻辑单元305通常发出指令到开关303以改变其状态。计算机***307通常是包括无线电信***的嵌入式***307,例如蜂窝或其它发射器/接收器***以及处理器及存储器媒体。此***307是控制器,且还包含组件、电路及编程以接收、发送及处理消息及指令并与装置301的其它组件通信。计算机307可将例如***状态的信息发射到远程装置403。在实施例中,逻辑单元305及CPU 307可组合到单个单元中。
在所描绘实施例中,逻辑单元305及计算机***307优选地被供应连续电力。然而,归因于四路开关几何结构的本质,在任何给定时刻,电力可在黑线111A或红线113A上。另外,这些导线111A及113A上的电力通常是交流电(“AC”),而逻辑单元305及计算机***307通常需要直流电(“DC”)。装置301可进一步包含用于将AC转换为DC的适当硬件及电路(未描绘)。装置301进一步包括用于将经转换DC从黑线111A及/或红线113A中的任一个/两个传输到逻辑单元305的布线或电路,从而确保无论导线111A及113A中的哪条导线具有电力,逻辑单元305都被供电。电力还可以类似方式传输到计算机***307。为了完成电路,零线将来自逻辑单元305及计算机***307的电力带回到接零干线105。虽然在图3的所描绘实施例中,逻辑单元305及计算机***307是串联布线,但是替代性布线几何结构也是可行的,例如但不一定限于并联。
为了防止电流回流,一或多个二极管(311)可包含在布线几何结构及/或电路中。在所描绘实施例中,两个二极管(311)在电路中位于AC/DC转换器(未描绘)与逻辑单元(305)及/或计算机***(307)之间,所述二极管各自用于黑线(111A)及红线(113A)。这防止当传入电力从黑色切换为红色或从红色切换为黑色时出现回流。在此实施例中,来自逻辑单元(305)或计算机(307)的零线可返回引导到二极管(311)中且从二极管引导到接零干线(105)。
图3的所描绘几何结构确保无论整体电路的开关状态如何,均对至少逻辑单元(305)及计算机***(307)提供完整的供电电路,从而无论开关(303)的状态如何且无论传入火线(111A)及(113A)中的哪条导线具有电力,均允许所述组件操作。在所描绘实施例中,逻辑单元(305)及计算机***(307)操作性地耦合到电流传感器(321),从而允许检测来自负载(107)的电力。如果没有检测到来自负载(107)的电流,那么所述***可检测到整个电路断电,而如果零线(105)上有电,那么所述***检测到负载(107)正接收电力。将逻辑单元(305)或计算机(307)布线到电流传感器(321)的另一功能是,电流传感器(321)可检测电力是否来源于逻辑单元(305)及/或计算机(307)。如果不是,那么此通常被视为错误状态。
装置(301)通过确定并存储负载(107)的状态(接通或断开)、存储负载的状态及存取经存储状态来操作。当接收到指示应将电路的状态改变为(接通或断开)的状态的命令时,所述***仅在所需的或最终的状态不同于当前状态时才操作开关(303)。这是通过检测零线(105)上的电流来进行,零线通常仅在负载(107)通电时才具有大电流。电路在任何点断路-无论是在第一个三路开关(109A)、第二个三路开关(109B)还是在装置(301)的开关(303)处断路-将使负载(107)断电,且因此零线(105)上的电流将会很少或没有。***(301)因此通过负载状态(107)存取状态信息,而与整体电路中的其它开关组件(109A)及(109B)的状态无关。因为触发***中的任何开关(109A)、(109B)或(303)将使负载(107)的状态改变,所以可操作开关(303)以改变负载状态,而与其它开关(109A)及(109B)的状态无关。因此,整体电路中的仅一个开关需要被本发明的智能装置(301)取代。
这可通过说明性、非限制性实例的使用来阐明。开始于现有技术的四路开关几何结构(例如图2中描绘的几何结构),用户在此说明性实例中用图3中描绘的智能开关(301)取代四路开关(115)。图3的所描绘装置(301)可被实施为类似于常规开关的大体上自含式单元(301),或可具有外部组件。装置(301)的安装通常包括将传入导线(111A)及(113A)以及传出导线(111B)及(113B)连同零线(105)附接到开关***的适当端。所描绘实施例与常规的四路开关之间的一个差别是,常规的四路开关通常不关注哪个端是哪个;即,传入/传出导线可附接到开关上的任一组接线柱且***将正常运行。然而,如果存在调光器(309),那么方向性可与所描绘实施例中的安装几何结构有关。
电路在安装期间通常是断电的。在安装完成且电路通电之后,电力将取决于第一个三路开关(109A)的状态而从黑色干线(111A)或红色干线(113A)流入。同样取决于整体***状态,接零干线(105)上可或可不具有电流。如果例如电流传感器(321)在零线(105)上检测到电流,那么将此信息发射到逻辑单元(305)及/或计算机***(307),所述信息接着可保存在存储器中,即,当前***状态为“接通”。替代地,如果没有检测到电流,那么存储“断开”的当前状态。在任一情况中,在不知道另外两个开关(109A)及(109B)的状态的情况下,计算机***(307)可确定整体***状态。
因此,如果计算机(307)接收到触发***的指令,那么计算机(307)可致使逻辑单元(305)拨动开关(303),因此切换***状态。如果***先前已经接通(即,对负载供电),那么其将关断,且反之亦然。这将在与其它开关(109A)及(109B)的状态无关的情况下发生,因为在四路布线几何结构中,开关(109A)、(109B)或(303)中的任一者(包含四路开关(303))可切换***状态。
更高级操作及智能也是可行的。举例来说,由计算机***(307)接收的指令可为接通***,这意味着计算机***(307)仅在***未接通的情况下触发开关(303)。因此,计算机***(307)包括程序逻辑以检查(或检测)当前***状态(接通或断开)且仅在***目前断开的情况下致使逻辑单元(305)拨动开关(303)。如果***目前接通,那么不需要采取动作,因为***已经在由请求指示的所需最终状态中。类似逻辑可用于关断***。
此特征可与其它特征结合以产生复杂的***逻辑。举例来说,计算机***(307)可具有内部精密记时仪,或可通过网络(405)连接、例如通过使用世界时间协议接入公共时间服务器来接入外部精密记时仪。在存取日期及时间信息后,计算机(307)可包括编程以在具体日期及时间实行具体操作。举例来说,可指示计算机(307)在每天的特定时间接通或关断。因为当前状态是已知的及/或可被确定,所以取决于实现所需状态是否需要改变状态,上述程序逻辑可用于拨动开关(303)或不拨动开关(303)。
此外,重要的是要理解,归因于智能开关装置(301)的结构,这些特征可在多路开关中通过更换机械开关组件中的仅一者来实施。其它机械开关将继续按照用户的要求和期望操作。
在实施例中,装置(301)可检测错误状况。举例来说且无限制,如果对命令做出响应需要状态改变且开关(303)被拨动,那么这应使零线(105)上的状态改变。如果没有检测到此改变,那么已发生错误。此错误可例如通过使用LED或嵌入在装置(301)中的其它灯或通过发射错误信号来发射或者指示。
在实施例中,可包含调光电路(309)。此元件(309)通常位于开关(303)与用于逻辑单元(305)及计算机***(307)的电源电路之间,使得由调光器引起的电力输出变化不会影响逻辑单元(305)及计算机***(307)的性能。
所描绘***(301)可在多路电路中的任何位置中使用。所属领域的一般技术人员将理解的是,这可通过仅仅不连接用于红线(113A)或(113B)的四路开关(303)的组件的极中的一者来进行。此外,所描绘***(301)可用作网络中的唯一开关元件,允许其在没有硬件变化的情况下在先前存在机械开关的任何地方利用。
本发明的某个方面是智能开关***(301)从外部源接收命令或指令。虽然这可通过有线配置进行,但是在优选实施例中,无线地接收信号。图4描绘无线***的实施例。在图4的所描绘实施例中,智能开关***(301)安装在电***(未描绘)中且通过电信网络(405)与用户装置(403)无线通信。所描绘电信网络(405)是广域网,例如因特网。替代地,***(301)可例如通过使用短程协议(如或近场通信)直接(415)与用户装置(403)通信。替代地,***(301)可例如凭借通过本地接入点或路由器(402)发送及接收通信(417)及(411)与用户装置(403)在本地(417)通信。所使用的特定通信信道部分取决于装置所在位置及其能够通信的方式。短程发射器的传输范围之外的装置可替代地使用广域电信网络(405)。
用户装置(403)被描绘为移动电话或智能电话且将通常包括计算机***。基于计算机的用户装置(403)将通常包括编程指令,其用于连接到***(301)并与其同步、与***(301)无线地交换数据,且提供用户接口以接受用户指令并将其转译为发送到***(301)的命令,且用于基于接收自***(301)的状态数据显示关于***的状态信息。在替代性实施例中,用户装置(403)可为经配置以与***(301)交互的专用(special-purpose或limited-purpose)装置(例如遥控器)。
本发明的进一步方面是,某些安全考虑可使得希望更换原始电路中的具体或特定开关。举例来说,如果装置(301)在负载(107)前面的最后位置中(即,在电力传输至负载之前的最后开关装置)(例如第二个三路开关(109B)),那么其可将电路置于安全模式中。在实施例中,装置(301)包含编程逻辑以确定装置(301)是否在最后位置中使得安全特征将运行。
这可通过检查电路的其它元件的状态且计算概率来进行。举例来说,计算机(307)可包括编程用于置信度建立学习算法,其基于正常操作期间搜集的数据形成概率。替代地或此外,计算机(307)可包括编程用于响应于一组开关点击确定装置在***中的位置。在又进一步实施例中,装置(301)可感测电压及/或电流的存在以确定其是否在最后位置中,例如比较红线及黑线上的电力与电压传感器状态。虽然某些读数组合是不确定性的,但是大体上可从此类读数推断出位置。
举例来说,如果输入到装置(301)的电压大体上与零线上的电流状态同时改变,且装置(301)的开关状态不改变,那么可推断出电路中靠前的另一开关已经被触发。这又意味着可推断出装置(301)在中间或最后位置中,且因此装置有50/50的可能性在最后位置中。然而,如果电压输入线没有改变且通过零线的电流变为低状态(301),那么不能一定推断出靠后的开关导致改变,因为负载可能已经被移除、损坏或者电路断路(例如,灯泡烧坏)。如果***继续检测到零线上的电流变化与电压输入变化一致且在没有对应的电压输入位置变化(排除由装置(301)本身的致动引起的变化)的情况下零线上从来没有电流变化,那么可推断出每一此实例以使装置越来越有可能在最后位置中。
替代地,用户可通过指导指令与***协作以按照***方式操作电路中的每个开关,确保测试***的每个状态且允许程序逻辑确认***在(或不在)电路中的最后位置。还可使用测试或提供此信息的其它形式,例如用户仅仅直接或间接地向计算机(307)提供状态/位置的指示。
如果包含调光电路,那么电路(301)可通过仅仅将两条线上的经调光功率电平减小到零(或实际上为零)进一步进入安全模式,而与开关位置无关。这实际上消除了电路中的电力,允许***推断出固定装置或负载处不存在电力。
虽然已经结合某些实施例(包含目前被认为是优选实施例的所述实施例)的描述揭示了本发明,但是所述详细描述旨在说明性的且不应被理解为限制本发明的范围。如所属领域的一般技术人员将理解的是,本发明预期除本文中详细描述的实施例之外的实施例。在不背离本发明的精神及范围的情况下可对所述实施例作出各种修改及改变。
Claims (17)
1.一种智能电开关装置,其包括:
第一零线终端和相对的第二零线终端;
机械开关,所述机械开关处于操作状态中;
逻辑单元,其操作性地耦合到所述机械开关使得所述逻辑单元可操作以使所述机械开关改变所述操作状态;
通过电流传感器从所述第一零线终端到所述第二零线终端的电路径,所述电流传感器检测经由所述电路径连接到所述电流传感器的所述电路的零线是否具有电流;
无线接收器,其接收指令以将其中安装有所述智能电开关装置的电路的电力状态设定为所需电力状态,所述所需电力状态是以经接收指令指示且对应于所述零线中的电流的存在或不存在;
仅当所述零线上的电流存在或不存在被检测为不对应于所述所需供电状态中时,所述逻辑单元才操作所述机械电开关以改变所述操作状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述机械开关是双极/双掷开关。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述操作状态是选自由断开及闭合组成的群组。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其中所述逻辑单元操作所述机械开关以改变所述操作状态的程序步骤包括切换所述操作状态。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置,所述装置进一步包括:
第一电力输入线;
电力转换器,其安置在所述第一电力输入线上,所述电力转换器将交流电转换为直流电;
直流线路,当所述装置接收到所述第一电力输入线上的电力时,所述直流线路将来自所述电力转换器的电流传输到所述逻辑单元。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置,所述装置进一步包括:
第二电力输入线;
第二电力转换器,其安置在所述第二电力输入线上,所述第二电力转换器将交流电转换为直流电;
第二直流线路,当所述装置接收到所述第二电力输入线上的电力时,所述第二直流线路将来自所述电力转换器的电流传输到所述逻辑单元。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述机械开关、所述逻辑单元及所述电流传感器包含在大小经调整大小及塑形以安装在电箱中的壳体中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其中所述壳体包括:
第一电力终端,当电力传输到所述第一电力输入接线柱时,所述第一电力输入接线柱将电力传输到所述第一电力终端;
第二电力终端,当电力传输到所述第二电力输入接线柱时,所述第二电力输入接线柱将电力传输到所述第二电力终端。
9.根据权利要求6所述的装置,所述装置进一步包括:
电压传感器,其安置在所述第二电力输入线上且感测所述第二电力输入线上的电压量。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其进一步包括调光电路,所述调光电路可操作以减小从所述装置传输的电量。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述调光电路可操作以将从所述装置传输的所述电量减小为零。
12.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述逻辑单元包括单个组件。
13.一种电***,其包括:
至少一个智能电开关装置,其包括:
机械开关,所述机械开关处于操作状态中;
逻辑单元,其操作性地耦合到所述机械开关使得所述逻辑单元可操作以致使所述机械开关改变所述操作状态;
电流传感器;
计算机***,其耦合到所述逻辑单元且包括可操作以通过电信网络发送及接收数据的无线发射器/接收器,所述计算机***包括其上存储有计算机程序指令的非暂时性机器可读存储媒体,所述计算机程序指令用于致使所述智能电开关装置执行以下步骤:
无线地接收要将其中安装有所述装置的电路的电力状态设定为所需电力状态的指令,所述所需电力状态是以经接收指令指示;
通过所述电流传感器检测所述电路的零线上是否存在电流来检测所述电路是否在所述所需供电状态中;
仅当所述电路被检测为不在所述所需供电状态中时,所述逻辑单元才操作所述机械开关以改变所述操作状态;
至少一个机械开关装置;
其中所述至少一个智能电开关装置及所述至少一个机械开关装置与多路开关几何结构中的单个负载进行电通信。
14.根据权利要求13所述的电***,其中所述至少一个智能电开关装置进一步包括:
第一电力输入线;
电力转换器,其安置在所述第一电力输入线上,所述电力转换器将交流电转换为直流电;
直流线路,当所述装置接收到所述第一电力输入线上的电力时,所述直流线路将来自所述电力转换器的电流传输到所述逻辑单元。
15.根据权利要求14所述的电***,其中所述至少一个智能电开关装置进一步包括:
第二电力输入线;
第二电力转换器,其安置在所述第二电力输入线上,所述第二电力转换器将交流电转换为直流电;
第二直流线路,当所述装置接收到所述第二电力输入线上的电力时,所述第二直流线路将来自所述电力转换器的电流传输到所述逻辑单元。
16.根据权利要求15所述的电***,其中所述至少一个智能电开关装置进一步包括:
电压传感器,其安置在所述第二电力输入线上且感测所述第二电力输入线上的电压量;
所述计算机***进一步包括用于致使所述智能电开关装置执行以下步骤的计算机程序指令:
至少部分基于从所述电压传感器接收的电压读数确定所述装置安装在紧靠所述电路中的负载前面的开关位置中的概率。
17.根据权利要求13所述的电***,其中所述至少一个智能电开关装置进一步包括调光电路,所述调光电路可操作以减小从所述至少一个机械电开关装置传输的电量。
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US20160126031A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
CA2963342C (en) | 2023-03-21 |
EP3216126B1 (en) | 2021-04-14 |
CN107211509A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
WO2016073256A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
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