CN107204450B - Nickel oxide nanoparticle/carbon nanometer helmet composite material preparation method and applications - Google Patents
Nickel oxide nanoparticle/carbon nanometer helmet composite material preparation method and applications Download PDFInfo
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of nickel oxide nanoparticle/carbon nanometer helmet composite material (NiO/CNHs) preparation method and its applications in lithium ion battery.The preparation step of the composite material is as follows: a, preparation SiO2Nanosphere；B, in SiO2Phenolic coating (RF) is covered on ball forms RF/SiO2；C, with hydro-thermal method in RF/SiO2Upper preparation Ni (OH)2；D, by prepared Ni (OH)2/RF/SiO2Annealing makes Ni (OH) in an ar atmosphere2It is converted into NiO while RF being made to be carbonized, then with NaOH solution by SiO2Thoroughly corrosion obtains NiO/CNHs.As the negative electrode material of lithium ion battery, NiO/CNHs is in 0.2A g‑1The capacity of 100 circle of circulation is up to 1768mAh g under current density‑1；In 5A g‑1The capacity of 1500 circle of circulation is 424mAh g under current density‑1；In 10A g‑1Capacity under current density is 453mAh g‑1.The present invention provides new thinking to research and develop the lithium ion battery of excellent combination property.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to nickel oxide nanoparticle/carbon nanometer helmet composite material (NiO/CNHs) preparation methods and its work
For the application of lithium ion battery negative material.
Background technique:
The energy storage equipment of clean and effective plays most important in terms of reply energy crisis, reduction greenhouse gas emission
Effect.Lithium ion battery (LIBs) is current first choice, especially for portable electronic device.Its significant challenge faced
It is to develop the electrode material that reversible specific capacity is high, cyclical stability and high rate performance are excellent.As commercial li-ion battery
The theoretical capacity of negative electrode material, graphite is very low, only 372mAh g-1, the requirement of large-scale application is much not achieved in this, such as
New-energy automobile.Recently, transition metal oxide is considered as LIBs negative electrode material due to very high theoretical capacity
A kind of selection.However, chemical property of the transition metal oxide as NiO in lithium ion battery is limited to two sides
Face: first is that Li in charge and discharge process+Insertion/deintercalation keeps its volume change huge；In addition, the electric conductivity of themselves is excessively poor.
In order to solve both of these problems, scientific research personnel has carried out various trials, such as: by the elastic fluid of NiO and high conductivity,
For example carbon nanotube, graphene, carbon fiber, mesoporous carbon spheres etc. combine；Prepare NiO hollow structure；It is nanocrystalline etc. to synthesize extra small NiO
Deng.Recently, Lou Xiongwen teaches seminar and devises hollow bowl-shape hetero-junctions NiO nanoscale twins being grown on carbon nano-particle
Structure.This structure combines the advantages of hollow structure and high conductivity medium, and improves the stacking density of active material.Cause
This, it shows excellent electrochemical properties in lithium ion battery, such as in 0.2A g-1Current density under circulation 150 circle
Reversible capacity is 950mAh g afterwards-1.However there are still some problems for this structure: (1) inner wall of its hollow Nano carbon particle does not have
It is utilized；(2) can only be between particle NiO-NiO contact, increase internal resistance；(3) presence of enclosure space is unfavorable for being electrolysed
Liquid sufficiently infiltrates active material.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of the present invention is prepare nickel oxide nanoparticle/carbon nanometer helmet composite material (NiO/CNHs) and be applied to
Lithium ion battery.Unique open helmet structure makes NiO/CNHs heterojunction material take full advantage of the inner wall of carbon skeleton, is
Li+Insertion/deintercalation provides a large amount of additional active sites, and can effectively buffer NiO huge body in charge/discharge cycle
Product variation.In addition, being contact of the NiO with carbon between particle, internal resistance is greatly reduced.In addition, porous carbon skeleton provides efficiently
Electrolyte diffusion path.Therefore, NiO/CNHs heterojunction electrode shows excellent chemical property in lithium ion battery.
Above-mentioned purpose of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of preparation method of nickel oxide nanoparticle/with the composite material (NiO/CNHs) of the carbon nanometer helmet, including with
Lower step:
A, by improvedMethod synthesizes the SiO that diameter is 300~400nm2Nanosphere: by the different of 60~65ml
Propyl alcohol is mixed evenly with 20~24ml ultrapure water and 10~15ml ammonium hydroxide, and 0.5~0.8ml ethyl orthosilicate, room temperature is added
30~60min is stirred, then 4~6ml ethyl orthosilicate is added dropwise, product centrifugation is used water and alcohol by 30~40 DEG C of 2~3h of stirring again
Cleaning 3~5 times, 70~80 DEG C of 10~12h of vacuum drying；
B, by sol-gal process in SiO2Ball surface coating phenolic resin obtains RF/SiO2Nanosphere: 0.8~1g is taken
SiO2Ultrasonic disperse is in 65~70ml water and 25~3 alcohol mixeding liquids, successively plus 2~2.4g cetyl trimethyl bromination
Ammonium, 0.3~0.4g resorcinol, 0.1~0.2ml ammonium hydroxide are stirred at room temperature 20~30min, then plus 0.3~0.5ml formalin,
Product centrifugation is used water and alcohol washes 3~5 times, 70~80 DEG C of 10~12h of vacuum drying by 30~40 DEG C of 7~8h of stirring again；
C, Ni (OH) is prepared by hydro-thermal method2/RF/SiO2Nanosphere: by 0.8~1g RF/SiO2Nanosphere, 1.4~
1.5g Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate, the mixing of 1.3~1.5g hexamethylene tetramine and 10~15ml ethyl alcohol and 20~30ml ultrapure water
Object is added in the stainless steel autoclave with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, and the reaction kettle of sealing is put into 100~120 DEG C of electricity
10~12h is kept the temperature in baking oven, by product by being collected by centrifugation, 70~80 DEG C of 10~12h of vacuum drying；
D, by prepared Ni (OH)2/RF/SiO2Anneal 2 under the conditions of nanosphere is 550~600 DEG C in tube furnace Ar atmosphere
~3h, is cooled to after 320~350 DEG C again blowing air cooling, it is cooling after by product 60 in the sodium hydrate aqueous solution of 2~3M~
Product is centrifuged and washes with water 3~5 times, 70~80 DEG C of 10~12h of vacuum drying by 70 DEG C of 24~48h of immersion.
SiO is controlled by adjusting the ratio of isopropanol, ultrapure water and ammonium hydroxide in step a2The size of ball.
Ni (OH) is prepared in step c2When, Ni (OH) is controlled by control hydrothermal temperature2Pattern.
The pattern of NiO obtained by being controlled in step d as annealing temperature.
The nickel oxide nanoparticle that above-mentioned preparation method obtains/carbon nanometer helmet composite material (NiO/CNHs) is made
Electro-chemical test is carried out for lithium ion battery electrode material, comprising the following steps:
A, prepared by working electrode: first active material, acetylene black and binder Kynoar existing according to the ratio of 7:2:1
It is coated on copper foil after being mixed evenly in N-Methyl pyrrolidone, then is dried in vacuo 10~12h at 80~120 DEG C；
B, lithium ion battery assembles: using active material NiO/CNHs as working electrode, lithium piece is used as to electrode/reference electricity
Pole, diaphragm are 2500 film of Celgard, and electrolyte is the LiPF of 1M6It is dissolved in ethylene carbonate, the carbonic acid that volume ratio is 1:1:1
In the mixed liquor of dimethyl ester and methyl ethyl carbonate, CR2016 type button cell, gloves are assembled into the glove box full of argon gas
The water oxygen value of case is respectively [O2]<1ppm,[H2O]<1ppm；
C, cyclic voltammetry is carried out with IVIUM electrochemical workstation, and sweeping speed is 0.1~0.2mV/s, test voltage
Range is 0.01-3.0V；
D, it is 100kHz to 10mHz that electrochemical impedance, which tests tangible room temperature lower frequency range,；
E, constant current charge-discharge loop test is carried out between voltage range 0.01-3.0V using LAND CT2001A.
The solution have the advantages that:
Nickel oxide nanoparticle produced by the present invention/carbon nanometer helmet composite material (NiO/CNHs) has high conductivity,
Bigger serface and fast electrochemical reaction speed, the negative electrode material as lithium ion battery show high capacity, the long-life and
Excellent multiplying power discharging property.
Detailed description of the invention:
High rate performance figure of the NiO/CNHs composite material in lithium ion battery in Fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention.
The flow chart of NiO/CNHs composite material is prepared in Fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention.
The SiO prepared in Fig. 3, the embodiment of the present invention2Ball template SEM figure.
The RF/SiO prepared in Fig. 4, the embodiment of the present invention2SEM figure.
The NiO/C/SiO prepared in Fig. 5, the embodiment of the present invention2SEM figure.
NiO/C/SiO in Fig. 6, the embodiment of the present invention2TEM figure.
The NiO/CNHs composite material SEM figure prepared in Fig. 7, the embodiment of the present invention.
The NiO/CNHs composite material SEM figure prepared in Fig. 8, the embodiment of the present invention.
The NiO/CNHs composite material SEM figure prepared in Fig. 9, the embodiment of the present invention.
Hollow carbon sphere SEM schemes in Figure 10, the embodiment of the present invention.
NiO/CNHs composite material and NiO/C/SiO in Figure 11, the embodiment of the present invention2Material is in freshly prepd lithium-ion electric
Pond middle impedance comparison diagram, illustration are equivalent circuit diagram.
NiO/CNHs composite material XRD diagram in Figure 12, the embodiment of the present invention.
NiO/CNHs composite material Raman curve graph in Figure 13, the embodiment of the present invention
NiO/CNHs composite material N in Figure 14, the embodiment of the present invention2Suction/desorption curve figure, wherein illustration shows basis
The pore-size distribution for the sample that adsorption curve is obtained with Barrett-Joyer-Halenda (BJH) method.
NiO/CNHs composite material hot weight curve in Figure 15, the embodiment of the present invention.
NiO/CNHs composite material TEM schemes in Figure 16, the embodiment of the present invention.
NiO/CNHs composite material TEM schemes in Figure 17, the embodiment of the present invention.
CNHs disperses charge and discharge stress model figure in Figure 18, the embodiment of the present invention.
NiO/CNHs composite material TEM schemes in Figure 19, the embodiment of the present invention, and illustration is the distribution of NiO nanoparticle size.
NiO/CNHs composite material HRTEM schemes in Figure 20, the embodiment of the present invention.
NiO/CNHs composite material HRTEM schemes in Figure 21, the embodiment of the present invention.
Cyclic voltammetry curve figure in Figure 22, the embodiment of the present invention in NiO/CNHs composite electrode lithium ion battery,
Sweep speed is 0.2mV s-1。
The 0.2A g in lithium ion battery of NiO/CNHs composite electrode in Figure 23, the embodiment of the present invention-1Charge and discharge
Curve graph.
The 0.2A g in lithium ion battery of NiO/CNHs composite electrode in Figure 24, the embodiment of the present invention-1Cyclicity
It can be with coulombic efficiency curve graph.
NiO/CNHs composite material is in lithium ion battery moderate multiplying factor performance and other NiO bases in Figure 25, the embodiment of the present invention
Hollow structure electrode comparison.
The electronics and Li of NiO/CNHs composite material in Figure 26, the embodiment of the present invention+Spread schematic diagram.
The 5A g in lithium ion battery of NiO/CNHs composite electrode in Figure 27, the embodiment of the present invention-1Cycle performance
With coulombic efficiency curve graph.
NiO/CNHs composite material is recycled to the 250th circle and the 500th in lithium ion battery in Figure 28, the embodiment of the present invention
The impedance contrast figure of circle.
Specific embodiment
Further illustrate particular content and specific embodiment of the invention below with reference to embodiment, however the embodiment
Only implement an example in the present invention, the restriction to technical solution of the present invention cannot be constituted.
Embodiment
Preparation process in the present embodiment and steps are as follows:
(1) pass through improvementMethod method synthesizes the SiO that diameter is 300nm2Nanosphere: by the isopropanol of 63.3ml
It is mixed evenly with 23.5ml ultrapure water and 13ml ammonium hydroxide, 0.6ml ethyl orthosilicate is added, 60min is stirred at room temperature, then be added dropwise
Product centrifugation is used water and alcohol washes 3 times, 70 DEG C of vacuum drying 10h by 5ml ethyl orthosilicate, 35 DEG C of stirring 2h again；
(2) by sol-gal process in SiO2Ball surface coating phenolic resin obtains RF/SiO2Nanosphere: 1g SiO is taken2It is super
Sound is scattered in the water of 70ml and the alcohol mixeding liquid of 28ml, successively plus 2.3g cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, 0.35g isophthalic
Diphenol, 0.11ml ammonium hydroxide are stirred at room temperature 30min, then plus 0.5ml formalin, 35 DEG C of stirring 8h, by product centrifugation again with water and
Alcohol washes 3 times, 70 DEG C of vacuum drying 10h；
(3) Ni (OH) is prepared by hydro-thermal method2/RF/SiO2Nanosphere: by 1g RF/SiO2Nanosphere, 1.45g six are hydrated
The mixture of nickel nitrate, 1.4g hexamethylene tetramine, 25ml ultrapure water 10ml ethyl alcohol is added to polytetrafluoroethyllining lining
Stainless steel autoclave in；The reaction kettle of sealing is put into 100 DEG C of electric dry ovens and keeps the temperature 10h, product is received by centrifugation
Collection, 70 DEG C of vacuum drying 10h；
(4) by prepared Ni (OH)2/RF/SiO2Nanosphere is warming up to 600 DEG C in tube furnace Ar atmosphere with 5 DEG C/min
Under the conditions of anneal 2h, be cooled to after 350 DEG C again blowing air cooling, it is cooling after by product 70 DEG C in the sodium hydrate aqueous solution of 3M
48h is impregnated, product is centrifuged and is washed with water 3 times, 70 DEG C of vacuum drying 10h.
(5) nickel oxide nanoparticle that above-mentioned preparation method obtains/carbon nanometer helmet composite material (NiO/CNHs),
Electro-chemical test is carried out as electrode material, comprising the following steps:
A, prepared by working electrode: first by active material (NiO/CNHs) 0.14g, acetylene black 0.4g and binder polyvinylidene fluoride
Alkene 0.2g is coated on copper foil after being mixed evenly in N-Methyl pyrrolidone, then is dried in vacuo 10h at 100 DEG C；
B, lithium ion battery assembles: using active material NiO/CNHs as working electrode, lithium piece is used as to electrode/reference electricity
Pole, diaphragm are 2500 film of Celgard, and electrolyte is the LiPF of 1M6It is dissolved in ethylene carbonate, the carbonic acid that volume ratio is 1:1:1
In the mixed liquor of dimethyl ester and methyl ethyl carbonate, CR2016 type button cell, gloves are assembled into the glove box full of argon gas
The water oxygen value of case is respectively [O2]<1ppm,[H2O]<1ppm；
C, cyclic voltammetry is carried out with IVIUM electrochemical workstation, and sweeping speed is 0.2mV/s, test voltage range
For 0.01-3.0V；
D, electrochemical impedance test condition is that frequency range is 100kHz to 10mHz at room temperature；
E, constant current charge-discharge loop test is carried out between voltage range 0.01-3.0V using LAND CT2001A.
Nickel oxide nanoparticle/carbon nanometer helmet composite material (NiO/CNHs) pattern and structural characterization:
The process for preparing NiO/CNHs is as shown in Figure 2.We are characterized every in preparation process by scanning nuclear microprobe
The pattern of one step product.Fig. 3 is to pass through improvementThe SiO that method obtains2Template ball.Then resorcinol and formaldehyde are utilized
Polymerization, in SiO under the regulation of cationicsurfactants2Ball surface coats novolac resin layer, obtains RF/SiO2,
Referring to fig. 4.The RF/SiO in this synthesis process2Inner surface form Si-O-C chemical bond, it is ensured that RF layers fit closely SiO2
Ball.Later, by hydro-thermal method in RF/SiO2Surface in situ grows Ni (OH)2, re-annealing obtains NiO/C/SiO2, referring to Fig. 5 and
Fig. 6.Finally, by NiO/C/SiO2NiO/CNHs heterojunction structure is obtained after continuing vigorous stirring corrosion in NaOH solution,
Referring to Fig. 7-Fig. 9.As far as we know, this is to synthesize this unique helmet-like structure for the first time.Its Forming Mechanism is as follows: removing
SiO2During, Si-O-C chemical bond is destroyed, and results in the reduction of inner surface tension.Therefore, the pressure effect generated in NiO
Lower carbon shell is shunk.As shrinkage degree becomes larger, highly porous carbon skeleton can not continue to support hollow structure and most cut off
It splits to form CNHs.In contrast, it is acted on without NiO, can be only formed the hollow carbon sphere of damaged hole, ginseng under same etching condition
See Figure 10.It is 400-600nm from the diameter of the visible NiO/CNHs of Fig. 7-Fig. 9, is highly 260-300nm.And in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9
The accumulation mode of the CNHs of middle reflection has been obviously improved the bulk density of electrode material compared to hollow ball structure, improves full battery
Volume energy density.This accumulation mode has preferable conductance property but also NiO nano particle is in contact with CNHs.
This point is in NiO/CNHs and NiO/C/SiO2Ball obtains in the EIS test result (referring to Figure 11) in freshly prepd lithium ion battery
Confirmation is arrived.According to the equivalent circuit diagram fitting result in Figure 11 illustration, NiO/CNHs electrode has smaller electrode/electrolyte
Resistance RelWith smaller charge transfer resistance Rct.The XRD spectrum of NiO/CNHs composite material is as shown in figure 12, wherein 22.6 °
Broad peak represents the structure feature of amorphous carbon, respectively corresponds the center of area in 36.9 °, 43.4 °, 62.9 °, 75.6 ° and 79.1 ° diffraction maximums
(111) of cubic structure NiO, (200), (220), (311) and (222) crystal face.Figure 13 is the Raman of NiO/CNHs composite material
Spectrogram, wherein in 1069 and 526cm-1Characteristic peak it is related to NiO.In addition, in 1353 and 1598cm-1The characteristic peak at place point
The D band and G band of carbon material have not been corresponded to.By calculating, intensity contrast ID/IG=0.379, show wherein there is defect abundant
The vacancy and.Figure 14 is N2Suction/desorption curve characterizes the porosity characteristic of CNHs, BET specific surface area 121.21m2g-1.Scheming
As can be seen that most of pore size of CNHs is both less than 5nm in 14 illustrations.By thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) it can be seen that NiO is compound
Content in material is 85wt% (referring to Figure 15).Wherein, thermogravimetric curve can be attributed to moisture in preceding 200 DEG C of mass loss
Volatilization, other two is attributable to portion of residual RF in the apparent mass loss of 200~400 DEG C and 400~600 DEG C temperature sections
The decomposition of functional group and the burning of carbon skeleton.The pattern of NiO/CNHs is further characterized by transmission electron microscope.From Figure 16 and figure
The NiO/CNHs of 17 visible helmet structures.Compared with bowl structure, open helmet structure takes full advantage of carbon shell inner wall, can
For Li+Insertion/deintercalation provides additional active site to promote specific capacity.In addition, as shown in figure 18, NiO is in charge and discharge
The stress generated in journey can effectively be dispersed by the carbon nanometer helmet, to enhance the stability of electrode.In TEM Figure 19, NiO
Nano particle is uniformly fixed to the surface of CNHs, and size is respectively less than 10nm.Figure 19 illustration is the size point of NiO nano particle
Cloth.The large surface of CNHs/volume ratio characteristic infiltrates extra small NiO nano particle above sufficiently by electrolyte, simultaneously
Provide a large amount of electro-chemical activity positions and ultrashort ion diffusion length.It can from the high-resolution TEM electromicroscopic photograph of Figure 20 and 21
See extra small NiO nano particle interplanar distance be 0.209nm and 0.241nm, respectively corresponded FCC configuration NiO (200) and
(111) crystal face.It also will become apparent from from figure the fully wrapped around NiO nano particle of amorphous carbon, show to have between them good
In conjunction with.
At room temperature, the Electrochemical Characterization of NiO/CNHs composite material:
Figure 22 is the NiO/CNHs electrode cyclic voltammetry curve figure that first five is enclosed in lithium ion battery, and sweeping speed is 0.2mV
s-1, potential range is 0.01-3.0V (vs.Li+/Li).During first circle cathodic scan, the strong peak of 0.44V corresponded to NiO to
Ni changes and forms Li2The formation of the reduction reaction of O and irreversible solid electrolyte interface film (SEI film).After second circle, this
A cathode peak is offset to 0.95V and intensity is decreased obviously, and shows that first circle forms stable SEI film.CV curve third and fourth,
Five circles are essentially coincided with the second circle, show its good cyclical stability.In addition, the sun in the CV curve of NiO/CNHs electrode
Pole part changes less in cyclic process, the anode peak of 1.4V and 2.25V respectively represented SEI film decomposed and Ni to
The conversion process of NiO.Figure 23 is NiO/CNHs electrode in 0.2A g-1The constant current charge-discharge of the 1st, 2,50 circle is bent under current density
Line.Its initial discharge capacity is 1876mAh g-1, higher than the 1513mAh g of bowl shaped structure-1.The capacity point of 2nd circle and the 50th circle
1755mAh g is not remained-1With 1769mAh g-1.This high capacity can be attributed to the reversible decomposition in part and the surface of SEI film
Capacity effect.Note that the gross mass that capacity all in this task is all based on NiO/CNHs calculates.Figure 24 is NiO/CNHs
Electrode is in 0.2A g-1Current density under cycle performance curve, it can be seen that electrode have extraordinary cyclical stability, circulation
Capacity is still up to 1768mAh g after 100 circles-1, and it is good to show that lithium ion insertion/deintercalation has close to 100% for coulombic efficiency
Good invertibity.Fig. 1 illustrates the excellent high rate performance of NiO/CNHs electrode.It is respectively 0.2,0.5,1,2,3 in current density,
4,5 and 10A g-1When, average discharge capacity is respectively 1699,1380,1195,1020,823,687,599 and 453mAh g-1, when electric current returns to 0.2A/g, discharge capacity is restored rapidly to 1485mAh/g, and in subsequent charge and discharge cycles gradually
Stablize.As shown in figure 25, compared with other hollow NiO based structures, NiO/CNHs electrode all has more under different current densities
High capacity., it is apparent that porous carbon skeleton is NiO/CNHs in lithium ion/electrons spread schematic diagram (referring to fig. 2 6)
Major influence factors with outstanding high rate performance.Firstly, porous characteristic is conducive to electrolyte infiltration and lithium ion diffusion.Its
Secondary, the high conductivity of carbon skeleton accelerates the transfer of electronics.Figure 27 is NiO/CNHs electrode current density in lithium ion battery
For 5A g-1When cycle performance curve.The capacity fluctuation of electrode is in the transition metal oxide electrode of lithium ion battery in figure
It is very universal.From Figure 27 as it can be seen that in 5A g-1When NiO/CNHs electrode initial discharge capacity be 675mAh g-1, then 250
249mAh g is dropped to after circle circulation-1, slowly rise later, in 1020 circle, capacity has reached 424mAh g-1, finally, circulation
Capacity still remains 424mAh g after 1500 circles-1, it is the 62.8% of initial capacity.The capacity decline phenomenon of beginning is attributable to
Irreversible transformation of the formation and part NiO of SEI film to Ni.However the appearance of Ni nano particle improves the conduction of entire electrode
Property, improve charge-transfer dynamics.Therefore, hereafter capacity gradually rises in cyclic process.This be recycled to 250 circles and 500
The EIS test result carried out respectively when circle is consistent (referring to fig. 2 8).In Figure 28, in high frequency region, there are two semicircles to show that Ni receives
The formation of rice grain cenotype.It is fitted by the equivalent circuit of Figure 28 illustration, NiO/CNHs electrode electrode/electro in 500 circle
Solve liquid resistance (Rel=3.6 Ω) and charge transfer resistance (Rct=23 Ω) all than 250 circle when analog value (Rel=7.5 Ω, Rct=
57 Ω) want small.In addition the Weinberg's impedance (Z obtained after being fittedw) compare, the value (5.286 × 10 of 500 circles-3S·s1/2) than
The value (2.309 × 10 of 250 circles-3S·s1/2) greatly, it is fast before illustrating the diffusion ratio of this stage electrode.NiO/CNHs electrode is such
Excellent cyclical stability is mainly influenced by following factor: (1) in macro-scale, hollow structure can followed for entire electrode
Volume change during ring provides space；(2) on micro-scale, extra small NiO nano particle is dispersedly fixed on carbon shell,
The volumetric stress that each particle generates in charge and discharge process can effectively be dispersed by carbon shell.
In short, we have designed and prepared unique NiO/CNHs composite material.It combines hollow structure, amorphous nano
The advantages of porous carbon and extra small NiO nano particle.Compared with bowl shaped structure, the inner wall of CNHs is fully utilized, and is between particle
NiO nano particle is contacted with CNHs can be effectively reduced electrode resistance, and nanoporous carbon skeleton provides more electrolyte diffusions
Path.Therefore, NiO/CNHs composite electrode shows excellent chemical property, this is for it in high-performance lithium ion electricity
Possible application is very crucial in pond.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of nickel oxide nanoparticle as negative electrode of lithium ion battery/carbon nanometer helmet composite material preparation method, packet
Include following steps:
A, by improvedMethod synthesizes the SiO that diameter is 300~400nm2Nanosphere: by the isopropanol of 60~65ml
It is mixed evenly with 20~24ml ultrapure water and 10~15ml ammonium hydroxide, 0.5~0.8ml ethyl orthosilicate is added, is stirred at room temperature
30~60min, then 4~6ml ethyl orthosilicate is added dropwise, product centrifugation is used water and alcohol washes by 30~40 DEG C of 2~3h of stirring again
3~5 times, 70~80 DEG C of 10~12h of vacuum drying；
B, by sol-gal process in SiO2Ball surface coating phenolic resin obtains RF/SiO2Nanosphere: 0.8~1g SiO is taken2It is super
Sound is scattered in the water of 65~70ml and the alcohol mixeding liquid of 25~30ml, successively plus 2~2.4g cetyl trimethyl bromination
Ammonium, 0.3~0.4g resorcinol, 0.1~0.2ml ammonium hydroxide are stirred at room temperature 20~30min, then plus 0.3~0.5ml formalin,
Product centrifugation is used water and alcohol washes 3~5 times, 70~80 DEG C of 10~12h of vacuum drying by 30~40 DEG C of 7~8h of stirring again；
C, Ni (OH) is prepared by hydro-thermal method2/RF/SiO2Nanosphere: by 0.8~1g RF/SiO2Nanosphere, 1.4~1.5g six
The mixture of nitric hydrate nickel, 1.3~1.5g hexamethylene tetramine and 10~15ml ethyl alcohol and 20~30ml ultrapure water is added
Into the stainless steel autoclave with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, the reaction kettle of sealing is put into 100~120 DEG C of electric dry ovens
10~12h is kept the temperature, by product by being collected by centrifugation, 70~80 DEG C of 10~12h of vacuum drying；
D, by prepared Ni (OH)2/RF/SiO2Under the conditions of nanosphere is 550~600 DEG C in tube furnace Ar atmosphere annealing 2~
3h is cooled to after 320~350 DEG C again blowing air cooling, after cooling by product 60~70 in the sodium hydrate aqueous solution of 2~3M
DEG C impregnate 24~48h, product is centrifuged and is washed with water 3~5 times, 70~80 DEG C of 10~12h of vacuum drying.
2. a kind of nickel oxide nanoparticle as negative electrode of lithium ion battery/carbon nanometer helmet according to claim 1 is multiple
The preparation method of condensation material, which is characterized in that controlled in step a by adjusting the ratio of isopropanol, ultrapure water and ammonium hydroxide
SiO2The size of ball: taking the isopropanol of 63.3ml to be mixed evenly with 23.5ml ultrapure water and 13ml ammonium hydroxide, and 0.6ml is being added just
60min is stirred at room temperature in silester, then 5ml ethyl orthosilicate is added dropwise, 35 DEG C of stirring 2h, and water and alcohol are used in product centrifugation again
Cleaning 3 times, 70 DEG C of vacuum drying 10h obtains the SiO that diameter is 300nm2Nanosphere.
3. a kind of nickel oxide nanoparticle as negative electrode of lithium ion battery/carbon nanometer helmet according to claim 1 is multiple
The preparation method of condensation material, which is characterized in that prepare Ni (OH) in step c2When, Ni (OH) is controlled by control hydrothermal temperature2
Pattern: by 1g RF/SiO2Nanosphere, 1.45g Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate, 1.4g hexamethylene tetramine, 25ml ultrapure water 10ml
The mixture of ethyl alcohol is added in the stainless steel autoclave with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining；The reaction kettle of sealing is put into
10h is kept the temperature in 100 DEG C of electric dry ovens, by product by being collected by centrifugation, 70 DEG C of vacuum drying 10h.
4. a kind of nickel oxide nanoparticle as negative electrode of lithium ion battery/carbon nanometer helmet according to claim 1 is multiple
The preparation method of condensation material, which is characterized in that the pattern of NiO obtained by being controlled in step d as annealing temperature: will be prepared
Ni(OH)2/RF/SiO2Nanosphere is annealed 2h under the conditions of being warming up to 600 DEG C in tube furnace Ar atmosphere with 5 DEG C/min, is cooled to
Blowing air cools down again after 350 DEG C, it is cooling after by product in the sodium hydrate aqueous solution of 3M 70 DEG C of immersion 48h, product is centrifuged
And it washes with water 3 times, 70 DEG C of vacuum drying 10h.
5. a kind of nickel oxide nanoparticle/carbon as negative electrode of lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is received
The preparation method of rice helmet composite material, comprising the following specific steps
A, pass through improvementMethod method synthesizes the SiO that diameter is 300nm2Nanosphere: by the isopropanol of 63.3ml with
23.5ml ultrapure water and 13ml ammonium hydroxide are mixed evenly, and 0.6ml ethyl orthosilicate is added, 60min is stirred at room temperature, then be added dropwise
Product centrifugation is used water and alcohol washes 3 times, 70 DEG C of vacuum drying 10h by 5ml ethyl orthosilicate, 35 DEG C of stirring 2h again；
B, by sol-gal process in SiO2Ball surface coating phenolic resin obtains RF/SiO2Nanosphere: 1g SiO is taken2Ultrasound point
It dissipates in the water of 70ml and the alcohol mixeding liquid of 28ml, successively plus 2.3g cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, 0.35g isophthalic two
Phenol, 0.11ml ammonium hydroxide are stirred at room temperature 30min, then plus 0.5ml formalin, 35 DEG C of stirring 8h water and wine are used into product centrifugation again
Seminal plasma is washed 3 times, 70 DEG C of vacuum drying 10h；
C, Ni (OH) is prepared by hydro-thermal method2/RF/SiO2Nanosphere: by 1g RF/SiO2Nanosphere, six nitric hydrate of 1.45g
The mixture of nickel, 1.4g hexamethylene tetramine, 25ml ultrapure water 10ml ethyl alcohol is added to polytetrafluoroethyllining lining not
In rust steel autoclave；The reaction kettle of sealing is put into 100 DEG C of electric dry ovens and keeps the temperature 10h, by product by being collected by centrifugation, 70
DEG C vacuum drying 10h；
D, by prepared Ni (OH)2/RF/SiO2Nanosphere is warming up to 600 DEG C of conditions in tube furnace Ar atmosphere with 5 DEG C/min
Lower annealing 2h is cooled to after 350 DEG C again blowing air cooling, impregnates product for 70 DEG C in the sodium hydrate aqueous solution of 3M after cooling
Product is centrifuged and washes with water 3 times, 70 DEG C of vacuum drying 10h by 48h.
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| CN109841810B (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2020-12-15 | 浙江工业大学 | Preparation method and application of Ni-NiO/C composite material |
| CN110444745B (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2021-10-15 | 华中科技大学 | Porous hollow carbon material loaded with metal phosphide, and preparation and application thereof |
| CN112201782B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-09-30 | 西南大学 | Nickel phosphide/carbon/nickel phosphide composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112563500B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-09-03 | 广东工业大学 | Preparation method of hollow bowl-shaped carbon-based metal/selenium/oxygen co-doped composite material and lithium ion battery |
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