CN107203655B - Numerical modeling method of hybrid direct current breaker - Google Patents

Numerical modeling method of hybrid direct current breaker Download PDF

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CN107203655B
CN107203655B CN201710249148.2A CN201710249148A CN107203655B CN 107203655 B CN107203655 B CN 107203655B CN 201710249148 A CN201710249148 A CN 201710249148A CN 107203655 B CN107203655 B CN 107203655B
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circuit breaker
arc
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circuit
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CN107203655A (en
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李泓志
许韦华
杨杰
司燕
韩雪
付峥争
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Chongqing University
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute
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Chongqing University
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of numerical modeling methods for key equipment of a high-voltage flexible direct-current transmission system, and particularly relates to a numerical modeling method for a hybrid direct-current circuit breaker, which is suitable for modeling a +/-500 kV hybrid direct-current circuit breaker and comprises the following steps: modeling a mechanical switch branch; modeling a solid-state switch branch; modeling a buffering branch; setting a time sequence; and analyzing a buffer branch RC and a stray parameter. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages: the action characteristics of the hybrid direct-current circuit breaker are analyzed in detail, influences of different branch stray parameters on the operation process of the circuit breaker are analyzed based on the action characteristics, and compared with the existing circuit breaker action characteristic analysis, more comprehensive circuit breaker operation time sequence and current transfer process influence factors can be obtained.

Description

Numerical modeling method of hybrid direct current breaker
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of numerical analysis models of power equipment, and particularly relates to a numerical modeling method of a circuit breaker.
Background
At present, a method of direct locking of a converter station or action of an alternating current circuit breaker is mainly adopted for removing short-circuit faults of a direct current transmission power grid, so that the direct current transmission power grid can be in a short-time shutdown state, the power supply reliability index is reduced, and large impact can be generated on the side of a running alternating current power grid. Therefore, in order to realize quick fault point disconnection and reduce fault impact damage, the development and the use of the high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker are very meaningful.
At present, there are three main types of direct current circuit breakers:
1) mechanical direct current breaker. The origin of the direct current circuit breaker is earlier, and two main types are an active mechanical direct current circuit breaker and a passive mechanical direct current circuit breaker. The mechanical direct current circuit breaker has the advantages of stable running state, strong load capacity and low branch loss, is mainly suitable for occasions with higher voltage running grade, but has the defects of more complex fracture device, easy damage of a contact and longer action time, and is still the mainstream of direct current circuit breaker research at present.
2) All-solid-state direct current circuit breaker. The direct current circuit breaker is mainly characterized in that the direct current circuit breaker operates in a full-power electronic device mode, has the advantages of rapid action (mu s level), no arc on/off, no contact and the like compared with the mechanical direct current circuit breaker, and is mainly used in a direct current power distribution network at present. However, compared with a mechanical dc circuit breaker, the cost is high, the conduction loss is also high, and the development of the mechanical dc circuit breaker towards high-voltage industrialization is restricted by the complicated control of the water cooling system.
3) Hybrid direct current circuit breaker. Based on the characteristics of the mechanical direct current circuit breaker and the all-solid-state direct current circuit breaker, the hybrid direct current circuit breaker is produced, has the advantages of the two direct current circuit breakers, is reduced in switching loss, high in action speed (within 5 ms), high in action reliability and long in service life, and is the main direction of research on the current high-voltage direct current circuit breaker.
At present, many researches on a hybrid direct current breaker have been carried out, wherein the main representative is an ABB natural commutation type direct current breaker model. A hybrid direct current breaker in a high-voltage direct current transmission system mainly depends on electric arcs generated by breaking of a mechanical switch to provide forward conducting voltage for an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) device of a solid-state switch branch circuit, and then after a short-circuit fault occurs, a detection signal circuit drives the mechanical switch to draw an arc, a driving signal circuit sends an IGBT conducting signal, and when the electric arc voltage is larger than a certain value, the current of the mechanical branch circuit is transferred to the solid-state switch branch circuit. Because the solid-state switch branch of the hybrid direct-current circuit breaker is composed of power electronic devices, the research on the values of the buffer absorption branch RC and the influence of branch stray inductance parameters on overvoltage and overcurrent has a higher reference value in order to protect relatively fragile insulation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a numerical modeling method for a hybrid dc circuit breaker, which can establish a numerical model of the hybrid dc circuit breaker for simulation analysis.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
the numerical modeling method of the hybrid direct current breaker comprises the following steps:
1) modeling a mechanical switch branch;
2) modeling a solid-state switch branch;
3) modeling a buffering branch;
4) setting an action time sequence;
5) and analyzing a buffer branch RC and a stray parameter.
Further, in step 1), the mechanical switch branch comprises a circuit breaker and a stray inductor which are connected in series, and an arc model is established when the circuit breaker is switched off:
Figure BDA0001271548060000021
wherein g ismRepresents the arc conductance; tau ismThe value range of the arc time constant is 0.2-0.5 mus; p0Indicating the heat dissipation power of the arc, P0The value range is 20 kW-40 kW; u. ofarcAnd iarcRespectively, arc voltage and arc current.
Further, in step 2), the solid-state switching branch includes IGThe BT solid-state switch is used for establishing an IGBT solid-state switch model and comprises 3 parameters: conduction voltage drop U0Forward conducting threshold voltage UmAnd an on-resistance R0Wherein U is0The value range is 2V-5V, UmThe value range is 5V-10V, R0The value range is 0.001-0.1 omega.
Further, in the step 3), the buffer branch comprises an RC circuit, and an RC circuit model is established, wherein the range of R is 1 Ω -10 Ω, and the range of C is 0.5 μ F-4 μm F.
Further, in step 4), setting an action time sequence inside the direct current circuit breaker after the fault occurs, wherein: the action time range of the detection signal circuit is 1-5 mus, the response action time range of the mechanical switch is 0.8-1.2 ms, the turn-on time length of the IGBT is 1.5-2.5 ms, and the action time length of the MOV is 1-2 ms.
Further, in the step 5), the RC parameters and the stray inductance of the buffer branch circuit are adjusted, and the working condition of the terminal voltage of the circuit breaker is analyzed, wherein the value range of the stray inductance in the method is 20 nH-20 muH.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the numerical modeling method of the hybrid direct current breaker can establish a numerical model of the hybrid direct current breaker, can be used for guiding electromagnetic transient analysis of the high-voltage direct current hybrid breaker, and can be used for guiding RC buffer branch parameter model selection based on influence of stray parameters on breaker action characteristics. Based on the influence of different branch stray parameters on the operation process of the circuit breaker by action characteristic analysis, compared with the action characteristic analysis of the existing circuit breaker, the influence factors of the operation time sequence and the current transfer process of the circuit breaker can be more comprehensively obtained.
Drawings
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and device structures of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid dc circuit breaker model;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the timing sequence of the operation of the hybrid DC circuit breaker;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a numerical modeling method for a hybrid DC circuit breaker;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are schematic diagrams of simulation results of example 1;
FIGS. 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams of simulation results of example 2;
FIGS. 8 and 9 are schematic diagrams of simulation results of example 3;
fig. 10 and 11 are schematic diagrams of simulation results of example 4.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the hybrid dc circuit breaker model includes a mechanical switch branch, a buffer branch, a solid-state switch branch (from top to bottom in fig. 1), a detection signal circuit and a driving signal circuit, which are connected in parallel.
The mechanical switching leg comprises a mechanical breaker and a stray inductance in series, the snubber leg comprises an MOV metal oxide varistor and an RC circuit (the RC circuit is not generally shown in the topology) in parallel with the MOV, and the solid state switching leg comprises a plurality of IGBTs in series.
Referring to fig. 2, the hybrid dc breaker actuation sequence includes:
0-t1the line runs normally;
t1-t2and after the short-circuit fault occurs, the signal detection circuit acts, the signal driving circuit acts to drive the IGBT to be conducted, the mechanical switch arcs until the voltage at two ends is greater than the IGBT conducting voltage, the IGBT is conducted, and the current transfer process is started.
t2-t3After the IGBT and the mechanical switch are completely switched off, the MOV starts to act, and the RC buffer absorption branch circuit acts to limit overvoltage and overcurrent at two ends of the circuit breaker.
Referring to fig. 3, the numerical modeling method for the hybrid dc circuit breaker of the embodiment includes the following steps:
1) modeling a mechanical switch branch; the main influencing to the action process of the mechanical circuit breaker is the arc burning process between the switch contacts, however, the arc models are various, so that the electrical quantity equivalent simplified modeling needs to be carried out on the mechanical switch branch:
Figure BDA0001271548060000041
wherein g ismRepresents the arc conductance; tau ismThe value range of the arc time constant is 0.2-0.5 mus; p0Indicating the heat dissipation power of the arc, P0The value range is 20 kW-40 kW; u. ofarcAnd iarcRespectively, arc voltage and arc current.
2) Modeling a solid-state switch branch; the establishment of the single IGBT numerical model mainly includes the selection of 3 parameters: conduction voltage drop U0Forward conducting threshold voltage UmAnd an on-resistance R0Wherein U is0The value range is 2V-5V, UmThe value range is 5V-10V, R0The value range is 0.001-0.1 omega.
3) Modeling a buffering branch; since power electronic devices such as IGBTs operate rapidly (<1 μ s), the MOV is subjected to a large surge current with a steep wave, and the residual voltage generates a high overvoltage spike in the initial period under the combined action of stray parameters of the MOV and a skin effect. In the traditional lightning arrester application occasion, the overvoltage spike can not cause serious consequences, however, the IGBT power electronic device is relatively insulated and fragile, so that a parallel RC buffer branch circuit is needed to be adopted to inhibit the rising speed of the current on the MOV, and the overvoltage peak value at two ends of the circuit breaker is further reduced. In the step, an RC circuit model is established, wherein the value range of R is 1 omega-10 omega, and the value range of C is 0.5 muF-4 mu m F.
4) Setting an action time sequence; the action time sequence of the interior of the direct current breaker after the fault is set, wherein: the action time range of the detection signal circuit is 1-5 mus, the response action time range of the mechanical switch is 0.8-1.2 ms, the turn-on time length of the IGBT is 1.5-2.5 ms, and the action time length of the MOV is 1-2 ms.
5) Analyzing a buffer branch RC and stray parameters; the main influencing factor of the action process of the buffering absorption branch circuit is stray inductance parameters, RC parameters and stray inductance of the buffering branch circuit are adjusted, and the terminal voltage working condition of the circuit breaker is analyzed, wherein the value range of the stray inductance in the method is 20 nH-20 muH.
The following examples were simulated by modeling in the manner described above.
Example 1
In the double-end 500kV flexible direct-current transmission system, the stray inductance L of the breaker buffer branch is 20nH, the stray inductance R of the buffer absorption branch is 10 Ω, and the stray inductance C of the buffer absorption branch is 4 μ F, and the PSCAD simulation result is shown in fig. 4 and 5 below. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the current of each branch of the circuit breaker, and fig. 5 is a diagram showing the terminal voltage of the circuit breaker. It can be seen in the figure that, after a system short-circuit fault occurs at the time of 0.8s, the mechanical switch acts to generate an arc, the IGBT is turned on, and at the time of 0.804s, the current I1 of the mechanical switch branch is completely transferred to the solid-state switch branch, and the mechanical switch and the IGBT are turned off, so that the circuit breaker can rapidly turn off the fault current within 5ms, limit the peak value of the fault current, and ensure that the system equipment is not damaged by overvoltage and overcurrent during insulation
Example 2
In the double-end 500kV flexible dc transmission system, the stray inductance L of the circuit breaker is 20 μ H, the buffer absorption branch R is 10 Ω, and compared with C being 0.4 μ F and C being 4 μ F, the PSCAD simulation result is shown in fig. 6 and 7 below. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a current of a breaker buffer branch, and fig. 7 is a diagram showing a terminal voltage of the breaker. It can be seen that as the capacitance value of the buffer branch increases, the peak value of the buffer branch current decreases. In addition, the breaker terminal voltage decreases with the increase of the buffer branch capacitance and the breaker terminal voltage dynamic process slows down.
Example 3
In the double-end 500kV flexible dc transmission system, the buffer absorption branch R is 10 Ω, C is 4 μ F, and the comparative breaker stray inductances L are 20 μ H and L is 20nH, and the PSCAD simulation results are shown in fig. 8 and 9 below. Fig. 8 is a diagram showing a current of a breaker buffer branch, and fig. 9 is a diagram showing a terminal voltage of the breaker. It can be seen that as the stray inductance value of the snubber branch increases, the peak current value of the snubber branch rises. Furthermore, the breaker terminal voltage rises with increasing stray inductance values of the snubber branches and the dynamic process of the breaker terminal voltage is accelerated.
Example 4
In a double-end 500kV flexible direct-current transmission system, the stray inductance L of the circuit breaker is 20 μ H, the buffer absorption branch C is 4 μ F, and the PSCAD simulation results are shown in fig. 10 and 11 below in comparison with R being 1 Ω and R being 10 Ω. Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a breaker snubber branch current, and fig. 11 is a diagram showing a breaker terminal voltage. It can be seen that as the resistance value of the buffer branch increases, the peak value of the buffer branch current decreases. In addition, the breaker terminal voltage decreases with the increase of the buffer branch resistance value and the dynamic process of the breaker terminal voltage is slowed down.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The numerical modeling method of the hybrid direct current breaker is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
1) modeling a mechanical switch branch;
2) modeling a solid-state switch branch;
3) modeling a buffering branch;
4) setting an action time sequence;
5) analyzing a buffer branch RC and stray parameters;
in the step 3), the buffer branch comprises an RC circuit, an RC circuit model is established, the value range of R is 1 omega-10 omega, and the value range of C is 0.5 muF-4 Mm F;
the buffering branch comprises an MOV metal oxide varistor and an RC circuit connected with the MOV in parallel;
in the step 1), the mechanical switch branch comprises a circuit breaker and a stray inductor which are connected in series, and an electric arc model is established when the circuit breaker is switched off:
Figure FDA0002990886760000011
wherein g ismRepresents the arc conductance; tau ismRepresents the arc time constant and takes a rangeThe circumference is 0.2-0.5 mus; p0Indicating the heat dissipation power of the arc, P0The value range is 20 kW-40 kW; u. ofarcAnd iarcRespectively represent arc voltage and arc current;
in step 2), the solid-state switch branch comprises an IGBT solid-state switch, and an IGBT solid-state switch model is established, including 3 parameters: conduction voltage drop U0Forward conducting threshold voltage UmAnd an on-resistance R0Wherein U is0The value range is 2V-5V, UmThe value range is 5V-10V, R0The value range is 0.001-0.1 omega;
in step 4), setting an action time sequence inside the direct current circuit breaker after a fault occurs, wherein: the action time range of the detection signal circuit is 1-5 mus, the response action time range of the mechanical switch is 0.8-1.2 ms, the turn-on time length range of the IGBT is 1.5-2.5 ms, and the action time length range of the MOV is 1-2 ms;
and 5), adjusting RC parameters and stray inductance of the buffer branch, and analyzing the working condition of the terminal voltage of the circuit breaker, wherein the value range of the stray inductance in the method is 20 nH-20 muH.
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