CN107202806A - Air cooler bobbin carriage weld seam Non-Destructive Testing technique - Google Patents

Air cooler bobbin carriage weld seam Non-Destructive Testing technique Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107202806A
CN107202806A CN201710570321.9A CN201710570321A CN107202806A CN 107202806 A CN107202806 A CN 107202806A CN 201710570321 A CN201710570321 A CN 201710570321A CN 107202806 A CN107202806 A CN 107202806A
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China
Prior art keywords
weld seam
bobbin carriage
weld
film
air cooler
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Pending
Application number
CN201710570321.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
虞建新
邓超
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WUXI DINGBANG HEAT EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT CO Ltd
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WUXI DINGBANG HEAT EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT CO Ltd
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Priority to CN201710570321.9A priority Critical patent/CN107202806A/en
Publication of CN107202806A publication Critical patent/CN107202806A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/048—Marking the faulty objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/03—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
    • G01N2223/624—Specific applications or type of materials steel, castings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
    • G01N2223/629—Specific applications or type of materials welds, bonds, sealing compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
    • G01N2223/646—Specific applications or type of materials flaws, defects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/267—Welds
    • G01N2291/2675—Seam, butt welding

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of air cooler bobbin carriage weld seam Non-Destructive Testing technique, including RT detections and UT detections, it is characterized in that：The RT detections include procedure below：（1.1）Using veneer, film and stereotype are tied up on veneer simultaneously, film and stereotype and weld seam is controlled at an angle；（1.2）On the premise of transillumination angle ensures that weld seam is all projected on film, x-ray angle should be as much as possible perpendicular to bead direction；The UT detections include procedure below：（2.1）Air cooler bobbin carriage face of weld reinforcement is polished, directly scanning is carried out in face of weld with normal probe, it can be found that parallel to the defect of face of weld；（2.2）Increase normal probe and carry out scanning in tube sheet, plug plate face, the incomplete fusion perpendicular to bead direction, lack of penetration defect can be measured.The present invention reaches the result of detection defect when RT is detected from rational detection parameter, detects and is detected into increase normal probe in UT, whole welded seam area is detected to greatest extent.

Description

Air cooler bobbin carriage weld seam Non-Destructive Testing technique
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of air cooler bobbin carriage weld seam Non-Destructive Testing technique, belong to technical field of nondestructive testing.
Background technology
Bobbin carriage material is generally Q345R, Q245R etc., and all weld seams should ensure that complete penetraction and fusion in welding, complete fusion.Tube sheet in bobbin carriage, Plug plate and the welding point of upper and lower cover plates use welding by both sides, are first welded by the interior angle Lincoln weld of specialty after interior angle, outside Carbon arc air gouging back chipping polishing, two to three layers of manual welding bottoming are carried out, then is molded with Lincoln weld capping.End plate and cover plate, silk Closure plate, tube sheet, dividing plate attachment weld, using bottom argon arc welding welding cap face by hand again.Adapter and cover plate attachment weld, using argon Arc-welding bottoming welding cap face by hand again.
It is radiographic sensitivity to evaluate the most important index of the radiography quality of image, and influences radiographic sensitivity Three principal elements be：Radiographic contrast Δ D, radiography indistinctness U and radiography granularity δ D.Influence is penetrated Line photographic contrast's Δ D principal element has：Thickness difference, the matter of ray, scattering ratio, blackness that defect is caused etc.；Influence ray Photograph indistinctness U principal element has：Focal spot size, focus to workpiece surface distance, workpiece surface to film distance；Influence Radiography granularity δ D principal element has：Film type, imaging condition etc..And bobbin carriage attachment weld is special due to structure Property, film can not stitch the same film according to butt plates welding and be adjacent to weld seam transillumination.As shown in figure 1, film typically has 20- with weld seam 60mm distance, because workpiece surface to film is apart from L2 and geometric unsharpness Ug increases then radiography indistinctness U Increase（Ug=dfL2/L1, wherein df are focal spot size, and L1 is focus to workpiece surface distance）, so as to have influence on radiography spirit Sensitivity declines.
Discovery selects conditions of exposure such as the butt weld according in practice, and preferable photographic image can not be obtained certainly Quality.The most effective method of reduction geometric unsharpness is the X-ray machine X and increase focus to workpiece table using small focal spot size df Identity distance from L1, but general small focal spot size X-ray machine X energy it is also small can not penetrate workpiece, increase focus to workpiece surface distance, Ray energy is also needed to greatly increase, but too high ray energy is also adversely affected to radiographic sensitivity, with pipe electricity The rise of pressure, attenuation coefficient is smaller, and contrast Δ D reductions, inherent unsharpness Ui increases, film grain will also increase, its Result is that radiographic sensitivity declines.Therefore, the principle of the selection of ray energy should be ensure penetration power on the premise of, The ray for selecting energy relatively low.
On the premise of blackness is constant, the time for exposure can be shortened by improving tube voltage, so as to improve operating efficiency, but Its cost is reduction sensitivity.
It is exactly to effectively detect the small defect of crackle etc in weld seam, singly consider to improve when focal length is selected in sensitivity Bobbin carriage manufacture material is the preferable materials of solderability such as Q345, Q245, and welding procedure is relatively stablized, and this radiography need not be very high Sensitivity, so the selection of focal length can suitably reduce, while meeting standard requires focal length f >=10db2/3（D focal spot sizes, b Scanning thickness）.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art there is provided a kind of air cooler bobbin carriage weld seam Non-Destructive Testing Technique, it is possible to increase accuracy of detection.
According to the technical scheme that provides of the present invention, the air cooler bobbin carriage weld seam Non-Destructive Testing technique, including RT detections and UT detections, it is characterized in that：The RT detections include procedure below：
（1.1）Using one piece of veneer with bobbin carriage similar length, film and stereotype are tied up on veneer simultaneously, glue is controlled Piece and stereotype and weld seam are at an angle, it is ensured that weld seam is correctly projected on film；
（1.2）On the premise of transillumination angle ensures that weld seam is all projected on film, x-ray angle should be as much as possible perpendicular to weldering Stitch direction；Once-through penetration length is not more than 250mm；
（1.3）Blackness scope is 3.0；
The UT detections include procedure below：
（2.1）Air cooler bobbin carriage face of weld reinforcement is polished, directly scanning is carried out in face of weld with normal probe, it can be found that Parallel to the defect of face of weld；
（2.2）Increase normal probe and carry out scanning in tube sheet, plug plate face, incomplete fusion perpendicular to bead direction, not can be measured The defect of through welding.
Further, the selection of the RT detections focal length is not less than 600mm.
Further, the thickness of the stereotype is more than 3mm.
Further, the film uses AGFA.C4 or AGFA.C5.
Air cooler bobbin carriage weld seam Non-Destructive Testing technique of the present invention, by the structure to air cooling heat exchanger bobbin carriage and The analysis of welding point form, using the method for RT or UT Non-Destructive Testings, determines that RT detections are passed through inside method using bias, and from closing The detection parameter of reason detects the result of defect to reach.Whole welded seam area can not be detected with angle probe in UT detections, therefore is increased Plus normal probe is detected, whole welded seam area is detected to greatest extent.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is ray detection transillumination schematic diagram.
Description of reference numerals：1- irradiation sources, 2- protection stereotype, 3- tube sheet plugs plate, 4- marks are as matter meter, 5- upper and lower covers Plate, 6- films and stereotype.
Embodiment
With reference to specific accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Air cooler bobbin carriage weld seam Non-Destructive Testing technique of the present invention, including RT detections and UT detections；
（1）RT detections use focal spot size for 4 × 4,4.5 × 4.5, the radiographic inspection of model XY2515, XYD-4010/3 type Machine, the selection of focal length is typically no less than 600mm；Specifically use following steps：
（1.1）Due to the particularity of channel structure, film places relatively difficult, using one piece of veneer with bobbin carriage similar length Plate, simultaneously ties up film and stereotype 6 on veneer, controls film and stereotype 6 and weld seam at an angle, it is ensured that weld seam is just Really project on film, while veneer can effectively act as reinforcement effect；The present invention is put in bobbin carriage tube sheet with plug plate face Put stereotype 1（As shown in Figure 1）, influence of the reduction side-scattered line to film；When shadow line is taken a picture, scattering and backscatter before it All more serious, its back guard stereotype 2 selects thicker stereotype, typically should be greater than 3mm, screen thickness before scattering can increase before preventing Come influence of the scattered rays to film before shielding；For improve photographic sensitivity should select the less film of particle, such as AGFA.C4, AGFA.C5 etc.；
（1.2）On the premise of transillumination angle should be all projected on film ensureing weld seam, x-ray angle should be vertical as much as possible In bead direction, the amplification of weld seam excessive deformation defect, distortion, displacement are prevented；In addition, once-through penetration length should be not more than 250mm；
（1.3）Blackness scope：Because bobbin carriage is tiltedly saturating using inside corner weld form and transillumination angle, caused by specimen thickness difference Blackness is changed greatly, and blackness is found in practice, and at 3.0 or so, inside fillet and upper following submerged-arc welding projected area can on film More visible identification defect, can obtain the optimal blackness of different-thickness using Re-exposing method or double Film Dosimeters if necessary；
（1.4）In bobbin carriage welding process, the defect being most also easy to produce is slag inclusion, stomata, incomplete fusion, as long as in strict accordance with welding procedure Perform, such a bobbin carriage welding is typically seldom cracked.Oblique perspective during due to the weld seam detection, scanning thickness difference is larger, the bottom of at The image blackness of weld seam is uneven on piece, and individual egative film can only evaluate the part of its blackness range criterion requirement, and thickness is thicker Part can only could meet its overlapping blackness of two egative films standard requirement, with double films it is overlapping after evaluated and can just meet mark Alignment request.It is also expressly noted that the weld defect close to tube sheet and plug plate one side is not merged such as, slag inclusion is projected on film When, overlapping with inside fillet projection, because thickness increase blackness does not reach requirement, easily leakage is commented, and such as finds fuzzy defect shadow Picture, should expose again, increase tube voltage or the time for exposure improves blackness, typically can correctly find defect.
（2）UT is detected：Due to the particularity of air cooler bobbin carriage structure, detect there can be leakage according to butt weld standard Inspection situation, particularly Dangerous defect, are not merged such as, lack of penetration, crackle, and the safe operation to equipment causes serious shadow Ring；Existing aobvious standard provides welding point of the butt welding seam more than 15mm, typically should carry out angle probe detection in two-sided bilateral, and empty Cold bobbin carriage weld seam can only make the detection of one side one side, can not also meet the requirement of prescribed by standard.To ensure to weld air cooler bobbin carriage Testing conditions need to be adjusted by the detection of all Dangerous defects during seam detection, specific as follows：
（2.1）Air cooler bobbin carriage face of weld reinforcement is polished, directly scanning is carried out in face of weld with normal probe, it is possible to find be flat Row is in the defect of face of weld；
（2.2）Because probe moving area falls short of when being detected on bobbin carriage with angle probe, it is impossible to meet requirement as defined in standard When, the probe that can select a variety of K values carries out scanning；
（2.3）Increase normal probe and carry out scanning in tube sheet, plug plate face, can detect that incomplete fusion perpendicular to bead direction, not The defect of the harmfulness such as through welding.
The present invention more than three regulating measures according to putting into practice for many years, can meet substantially air cooler bobbin carriage weld seam due to In the case that reasons in structure can not meet standard requirement, Dangerous defect is detected to greatest extent.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of air cooler bobbin carriage weld seam Non-Destructive Testing technique, including RT detections and UT detections, it is characterized in that：The RT detections bag Include procedure below：
（1.1）Using one piece of veneer with bobbin carriage similar length, film and stereotype are tied up on veneer simultaneously, glue is controlled Piece and stereotype and weld seam are at an angle, it is ensured that weld seam is correctly projected on film；
（1.2）On the premise of transillumination angle ensures that weld seam is all projected on film, x-ray angle should be as much as possible perpendicular to weldering Stitch direction；Once-through penetration length is not more than 250mm；
（1.3）Blackness scope is 3.0；
The UT detections include procedure below：
（2.1）Air cooler bobbin carriage face of weld reinforcement is polished, directly scanning is carried out in face of weld with normal probe, it can be found that Parallel to the defect of face of weld；
（2.2）Increase normal probe and carry out scanning in tube sheet, plug plate face, incomplete fusion perpendicular to bead direction, not can be measured The defect of through welding.
2. air cooler bobbin carriage weld seam Non-Destructive Testing technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The RT detects the choosing of focal length Select not less than 600mm.
3. air cooler bobbin carriage weld seam Non-Destructive Testing technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The thickness of the stereotype is more than 3mm。
4. air cooler bobbin carriage weld seam Non-Destructive Testing technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The film is used AGFA.C4 or AGFA.C5.
CN201710570321.9A 2017-07-13 2017-07-13 Air cooler bobbin carriage weld seam Non-Destructive Testing technique Pending CN107202806A (en)

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CN201710570321.9A CN107202806A (en) 2017-07-13 2017-07-13 Air cooler bobbin carriage weld seam Non-Destructive Testing technique

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108195317A (en) * 2017-12-15 2018-06-22 中国航空工业集团公司成都飞机设计研究所 A kind of detection method of aircraft intake and exhaust grid cell rib thickness and the depth of parallelism
CN108845029A (en) * 2018-04-26 2018-11-20 隆华科技集团（洛阳）股份有限公司 A kind of lossless detection method of the heat absorption plate core structure case for compound cooler
CN109932375A (en) * 2019-04-23 2019-06-25 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 Tube sheet thickness weld seam DR long-focus transillumination sensitivity calibration digital imaging detection method
CN110618147A (en) * 2019-10-25 2019-12-27 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 System and method for measuring height of incomplete penetration defect of tube-tube plate fillet weld
CN112129839A (en) * 2020-08-05 2020-12-25 中石化宁波工程有限公司 Butt weld joint detection process for transition section of coke tower
CN113484340A (en) * 2021-06-10 2021-10-08 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 Welding seam ray detection device and detection method
CN114076775A (en) * 2021-11-15 2022-02-22 国核示范电站有限责任公司 Pipeline welding seam radiographic inspection geometric unsharpness control process
US11431976B2 (en) 2019-01-28 2022-08-30 Kla Corporation System and method for inspection using tensor decomposition and singular value decomposition

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
李衍: "高压空冷器矩形管箱焊缝的无损检测", 《无损检测》 *
杨勇: "柴油空冷器管箱对接焊缝的射线检测", 《无损探伤》 *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108195317A (en) * 2017-12-15 2018-06-22 中国航空工业集团公司成都飞机设计研究所 A kind of detection method of aircraft intake and exhaust grid cell rib thickness and the depth of parallelism
CN108845029A (en) * 2018-04-26 2018-11-20 隆华科技集团（洛阳）股份有限公司 A kind of lossless detection method of the heat absorption plate core structure case for compound cooler
CN108845029B (en) * 2018-04-26 2023-10-31 隆华科技集团（洛阳）股份有限公司 Nondestructive testing method for D-shaped pipe box of composite cooler
US11431976B2 (en) 2019-01-28 2022-08-30 Kla Corporation System and method for inspection using tensor decomposition and singular value decomposition
CN109932375A (en) * 2019-04-23 2019-06-25 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 Tube sheet thickness weld seam DR long-focus transillumination sensitivity calibration digital imaging detection method
CN109932375B (en) * 2019-04-23 2023-08-08 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 Digital imaging detection method for calibrating DR long-focal-length transillumination sensitivity of thick weld seam of tube plate
CN110618147A (en) * 2019-10-25 2019-12-27 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 System and method for measuring height of incomplete penetration defect of tube-tube plate fillet weld
CN112129839A (en) * 2020-08-05 2020-12-25 中石化宁波工程有限公司 Butt weld joint detection process for transition section of coke tower
CN112129839B (en) * 2020-08-05 2024-03-22 中石化宁波工程有限公司 Butt welding seam detection process for transition section of coke tower
CN113484340B (en) * 2021-06-10 2023-01-24 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 Welding seam ray detection device and detection method
CN113484340A (en) * 2021-06-10 2021-10-08 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 Welding seam ray detection device and detection method
CN114076775A (en) * 2021-11-15 2022-02-22 国核示范电站有限责任公司 Pipeline welding seam radiographic inspection geometric unsharpness control process
CN114076775B (en) * 2021-11-15 2024-04-23 国核示范电站有限责任公司 Pipeline weld joint ray detection geometric unclear control process

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Application publication date: 20170926