CN107200819B - Synthetic method of silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and product thereof - Google Patents
Synthetic method of silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and product thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/30—Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
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Abstract
The invention provides a synthetic method of a silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, which mainly comprises three steps of reactions: firstly, carrying out ring-opening polymerization reaction on a silanol compound and ethylene oxide to generate an intermediate A; secondly, in the presence of an esterification catalyst and a polymerization inhibitor, the intermediate A and acrylic acid or/and methacrylic acid are subjected to esterification reaction to generate an intermediate B; and thirdly, in the presence of an initiator and a chain transfer agent, the intermediate B and acrylic acid or/and methacrylic acid are subjected to free radical copolymerization reaction, and finally the target product is prepared. The invention also provides a silicon-containing polycarboxylate superplasticizer prepared by using the synthesis method, which is favorable for being adsorbed on the surface of cement particles, obtains higher dispersity, and can obviously prolong the initial setting time and final setting time of precast concrete, so that the silicon-containing polycarboxylate superplasticizer has wide application prospect and market potential.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of concrete admixtures, and particularly relates to a synthetic method of a silicon-containing polycarboxylate superplasticizer and the silicon-containing polycarboxylate superplasticizer prepared by the synthetic method.
Background
The polycarboxylate superplasticizer is developed and patented by Japanese catalyst company in 80 s of 20 th century at the earliest, belongs to the third-generation water reducers, has water reducing rate and slump retaining performance obviously superior to the traditional lignosulfonate water reducers (first-generation water reducers) and naphthalene water reducers (second-generation water reducers), and is mainly prepared from unsaturated carboxylic acid with copolymerization activity and unsaturated chain polymers with copolymerization activity as reaction raw materials.
The early unsaturated chain polymer is mainly prepared by esterification reaction of unsaturated carboxylic acid and polyethylene glycol, the concept of polyether special for polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent is not available in the early stage, and the used polyethylene glycol compound is a chemical auxiliary agent in the printing and dyeing field. The early polycarboxylate superplasticizers are ester superplasticizers, the reaction needs two steps, the production efficiency and the performance stability of the product are obviously affected, and the polyethylene glycol contains 2 terminal hydroxyl groups and can be subjected to esterification reaction with unsaturated carboxylic acid, so that a molecular structure with 2 unsaturated double bonds is formed, and a cross-linked structure is formed in the polymerization process during the free radical copolymerization reaction, so that the dispersibility of the polycarboxylate superplasticizers is affected. The mono-and di-esters have close properties, are difficult to separate by physical methods and have high cost, so the use and development of the mono-and di-esters are limited.
The polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent is widely applied to various concrete construction projects, and is generally synthesized through radical copolymerization, wherein the main reaction raw materials comprise unsaturated carboxylic acid compounds, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid and the like. The polycarboxylate superplasticizer needs chain polymer molecules with copolymerization reaction activity, and the compounds are divided into ester compounds and ether compounds, wherein the ester compounds are polyethylene glycol or acrylic ester or methacrylic ester of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether; the ether polymer molecules mainly comprise isopentenyl polyoxyethylene ether (TPEG), methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether (HPEG), Allyl Polyoxyethylene Ether (APEG) and the like, and the ether polymer takes an alcohol compound with copolymerization reaction activity as a reaction raw material, and reacts with reactants of Ethylene Oxide (EO) and the like under an alkaline condition to synthesize straight-chain polymer molecules with the weight-average molecular weight of 800-4000 through ring-opening polymerization.
The general molecular structure of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer comprises polymer molecules with a comb-like structure, and the side chain structure of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer simultaneously has anionic functional groups such as carboxyl, sulfonic acid and the like and a linear polymer molecular structure, so that the polycarboxylate superplasticizer plays a role of steric hindrance, and has the performance obviously superior to wooden sulfonate building admixtures, naphthalene building admixtures, aliphatic building admixtures and the like.
In the prior art, the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent containing silicon has better dispersibility, can improve the water reducing rate in precast concrete and prolong the initial setting time and the final setting time; in the synthesis process provided by the prior art, silane coupling agents (propenyl trimethoxy silane, propenyl triethoxy silane, vinylphenyl trimethoxy silane, vinylphenyl triethoxy silane, etc.) containing double bonds capable of undergoing copolymerization or silane compounds (trimethyl vinyl silane, trimethyl propenyl silane, vinyl triethoxy silane, propenyl triethoxy silane, etc.) containing double bonds capable of undergoing copolymerization are generally used; in the existing synthesis process, the organosilicon compound capable of undergoing copolymerization reaction is usually subjected to free radical copolymerization reaction with a linear polymer, an unsaturated carboxylic acid compound, an unsaturated sulfonic acid compound and the like, however, the solubility of the organic matter containing silicon element in water is low, and for example, a silane coupling agent containing unsaturated double bonds has high surface activation energy and a large proportion of hydrophobic groups, so that organosilicon functional groups occupy small polymer molecules and are difficult to achieve obvious effects. In addition, the organosilicon compounds used in the prior art have low copolymerization reactivity, are easy to carry out copolymerization with unsaturated carboxylic acid compounds with high reactivity ratio, and are not easy to react with linear polymers with copolymerization reactivity, so that the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent synthesized by reaction has low molecular uniformity and unsatisfactory retardation performance; in addition, the multi-polymerization reaction also improves the operation difficulty and uncertainty of the reaction to a certain extent, and is not beneficial to large-scale industrial production and application.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at various technical defects in the prior art, the inventor designs and implements a new synthesis process for preparing a silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducer, wherein the synthesis process mainly comprises three steps of reactions: firstly, carrying out ring-opening polymerization reaction on a silanol compound and ethylene oxide to generate an intermediate A; secondly, in the presence of an esterification catalyst and a polymerization inhibitor, the intermediate A and acrylic acid or/and methacrylic acid are subjected to esterification reaction to generate an intermediate B; and thirdly, in the presence of an initiator and a chain transfer agent, the intermediate B and acrylic acid or/and methacrylic acid are subjected to free radical copolymerization reaction, and finally the target product is prepared.
Specifically, the first aspect of the invention provides a method for synthesizing a silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducer, which comprises the following steps:
s1: adding a silanol compound, an organic base catalyst and ethylene oxide into a pressure reaction vessel, and carrying out ring-opening polymerization reaction at the reaction temperature of 145-185 ℃ and the pressure in the reaction vessel of 0.17-0.32 Mpa to prepare an intermediate A;
s2: adding an esterification catalyst, a polymerization inhibitor and the intermediate A into another reaction vessel, and carrying out esterification reaction at a reaction temperature of 75-95 ℃ to obtain an intermediate B; wherein the esterification catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the polymerization inhibitor is hydroquinone or/and hydroquinone; wherein, the polymerization inhibitor is used for preventing the self-polymerization reaction of unsaturated carboxylic compounds (acrylic acid or/and methacrylic acid);
s3: and adding the intermediate B, acrylic acid or/and methacrylic acid into another reaction vessel, heating and mechanically stirring, adding an initiator and a chain transfer agent, carrying out polymerization reaction at the reaction temperature of 55-75 ℃, and carrying out post-treatment to obtain the silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducer.
Preferably, in S1 of the above synthesis method, the silanol-based compound is selected from any one or more of: trimethylsilanol, triethylsilanol, triphenylsilanol; the organic base catalyst is selected from any one or more of the following: sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide.
Preferably, in S1 of the above synthesis method, the molar ratio of the silanol-based compound to the ethylene oxide is 1: 15-1: 65; the adding mass of the organic base catalyst is 0.1-0.5% of the total mass of reactants in S1.
Preferably, in S1 of the above synthesis method, the duration of the ring-opening polymerization reaction is 3.5 to 6.5 hours.
Preferably, in S2 of the above synthesis method, the molar ratio of the intermediate a to acrylic acid or/and methacrylic acid is 1: 1.2-1: 1.5; the adding mass of the esterification catalyst is 0.5-2.5% of the total mass of reactants in the S2; the adding mass of the polymerization inhibitor is 0.02-0.25% of the total mass of reactants in S2.
Preferably, in S2 of the above synthesis method, the duration of the esterification reaction is 4.5 to 8.5 hours.
Preferably, in the synthesis method, the weight average molecular weight of the intermediate B is 1200-3600.
Preferably, in S3 of the above synthesis method, the initiator is selected from any one or more of: ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate; the chain transfer agent is selected from any one or more of: thioglycolic acid, mercaptopropionic acid, sodium propylene sulfonate and sodium methyl propylene sulfonate.
Preferably, in S3 of the above synthesis method, the molar ratio of the intermediate B to acrylic acid or/and methacrylic acid is 1: 2.5-1: 5.5; the adding mass of the initiator is 0.5-2.5% of the total mass of reactants in S3; the adding mass of the chain transfer agent is 0.2-1.0% of the total mass of reactants in S3.
Preferably, in S3 of the above synthesis method, the duration of the polymerization reaction is 3.0h to 6.5 h.
Preferably, in S3 of the above synthesis method, the post-processing includes: and adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into the reaction system, and adjusting the pH value to 5.5-7.5.
Further preferably, in the above synthesis method, the mass concentration of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is 20% to 40%.
In addition, according to a second aspect of the invention, a silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent prepared according to the synthesis method of the first aspect of the invention is provided.
Compared with the existing common polycarboxylate superplasticizers (such as the common polycarboxylate superplasticizers sold in the market), the silicon-containing polycarboxylate superplasticizer and the synthesis method thereof provided by the invention have the following technical advantages: the functional group containing silicon element is used as the component of the linear polymer molecule, so that the step of additionally adding an organic silicon compound capable of carrying out copolymerization reaction commonly existing in the prior art is avoided, and the organic silicon compound capable of carrying out copolymerization reaction often has the defect of low solubility, so that the complexity of the synthesis process is remarkably reduced, and the operation of introducing other kinds of polymerization reaction monomers is fundamentally avoided; and the silicon-containing molecular structure is beneficial to the silicon-containing polycarboxylate superplasticizer to be adsorbed on the surface of cement particles, higher dispersity is obtained, and the initial setting time and final setting time of the precast concrete can be obviously prolonged. In conclusion, the synthesis method provided by the invention and the silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent prepared by adopting the synthesis method are suitable for large-scale industrial production, and have wide application prospects and market potentials.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The method for synthesizing the silicon-containing polycarboxylate superplasticizer according to the first aspect comprises the following steps:
s1: adding a silanol compound, an organic base catalyst and ethylene oxide into a pressure reaction vessel, and carrying out ring-opening polymerization reaction at the reaction temperature of 145-185 ℃ and the pressure in the reaction vessel of 0.17-0.32 Mpa to prepare an intermediate A;
s2: adding an esterification catalyst, a polymerization inhibitor and the intermediate A into another reaction vessel, and carrying out esterification reaction at a reaction temperature of 75-95 ℃ to obtain an intermediate B; wherein the esterification catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the polymerization inhibitor is hydroquinone or/and hydroquinone;
s3: and adding the intermediate B, acrylic acid or/and methacrylic acid into another reaction vessel, heating and mechanically stirring, adding an initiator and a chain transfer agent, carrying out polymerization reaction at the reaction temperature of 55-75 ℃, and carrying out post-treatment to obtain the silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducer.
In a preferred embodiment, in S1, the silanol-based compound is selected from any one or more of: trimethylsilanol, triethylsilanol, triphenylsilanol; the organic base catalyst is selected from any one or more of the following: sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide.
In a preferred embodiment, in S1, the molar ratio of the silanol-based compound to the ethylene oxide is 1: 15-1: 65; the adding mass of the organic base catalyst is 0.1-0.5% of the total mass of reactants in S1.
In a preferred embodiment, in S2, the molar ratio of the intermediate a to acrylic acid or/and methacrylic acid is 1: 1.2-1: 1.5; the adding mass of the esterification catalyst is 0.5-2.5% of the total mass of reactants in the S2; the adding mass of the polymerization inhibitor is 0.02-0.25% of the total mass of reactants in S2.
In a preferred embodiment, the weight average molecular weight of the intermediate B is 1200-3600.
In a preferred embodiment, in S3, the initiator is selected from any one or more of: ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate; the chain transfer agent is selected from any one or more of: thioglycolic acid, mercaptopropionic acid, sodium propylene sulfonate and sodium methyl propylene sulfonate.
In a preferred embodiment, in S3, the molar ratio of intermediate B to acrylic acid or/and methacrylic acid is 1: 2.5-1: 5.5; the adding mass of the initiator is 0.5-2.5% of the total mass of reactants in S3; the adding mass of the chain transfer agent is 0.2-1.0% of the total mass of reactants in S3.
In a preferred embodiment, in S3, the post-processing includes: and adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into the reaction system, and adjusting the pH value to 5.5-7.5.
In a further preferred embodiment, the mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 20% to 40%.
The silicon-containing polycarboxylate superplasticizer according to the second aspect is prepared by the synthesis method of the first aspect.
The synthetic procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified, and the starting materials for the reactions are commercially available from published sources.
Example 1
1000g of trimethylsilanol, 35g of potassium ethoxide and 15000g of Ethylene Oxide (EO) were charged into a pressure reaction vessel, and ring-opening polymerization was carried out at a reaction temperature of 175 ℃ and a pressure in the reaction vessel of 0.22MPa for 4.5 hours to obtain intermediate A1.
2000g of intermediate A1, 95g of methacrylic acid, 35g of p-toluenesulfonic acid and 5g of hydroquinone are added into another reaction vessel, and esterification reaction is carried out at the reaction temperature of 85 ℃ for 6.5h to prepare intermediate B1.
And adding 1000g of the intermediate B1 and 150g of acrylic acid into another reaction vessel, heating and mechanically stirring uniformly, then adding 18g of sodium persulfate and 8.5g of thioglycolic acid, reacting under mechanical stirring at 65 ℃ for 5h, adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 30% after the reaction is finished, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5 to obtain the silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent P1.
Example 2
1200g of triethylsilanol, 30g of potassium methoxide and 12000g of Ethylene Oxide (EO) are added into a pressure reaction vessel, and ring-opening polymerization reaction is carried out at the reaction temperature of 165 ℃ and the pressure in the reaction vessel of 0.27Mpa for 4 hours to prepare an intermediate A2.
2000g of intermediate A2, 85g of acrylic acid, 30g of p-toluenesulfonic acid and 5.5g of p-benzoquinone were added into another reaction vessel, and esterification reaction was carried out at a reaction temperature of 80 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain intermediate B2.
And adding 1000g of intermediate B2 and 165g of methacrylic acid into another reaction vessel, heating and uniformly stirring by a machine, then adding 20g of potassium persulfate and 9g of mercaptopropionic acid, reacting under the mechanical stirring condition, wherein the reaction temperature is 70 ℃, the reaction time is 4.5h, adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 25% after the reaction is finished, and adjusting the pH value to 6.8 to obtain the silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent P2.
Example 3
Adding 3000g of trimethylsilanol, 85g of sodium ethoxide and 20000g of Ethylene Oxide (EO) into a pressure reaction vessel, and carrying out ring-opening polymerization reaction at the reaction temperature of 160 ℃ and the pressure in the reaction vessel of 0.30Mpa for 5.5h to obtain an intermediate A3.
2800g of intermediate A3, 105g of acrylic acid, 45g of p-toluenesulfonic acid and 5.5g of hydroquinone were charged into another reaction vessel, and esterification was carried out at a reaction temperature of 82 ℃ for 5.5 hours to obtain intermediate B3.
Adding 1500g of the intermediate B3 and 150g of methacrylic acid into another reaction vessel, heating and mechanically stirring uniformly, then adding 25g of ammonium persulfate and 9g of sodium propylene sulfonate, reacting under mechanical stirring at the reaction temperature of 61 ℃ for 6h, adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 35% after the reaction is finished, and adjusting the pH value to 7.0 to obtain the silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducer P3.
Example 4
1000g of trimethylsilanol, 45g of sodium methoxide and 25000g of Ethylene Oxide (EO) are added into a pressure reaction vessel, and ring-opening polymerization reaction is carried out at the reaction temperature of 170 ℃ and the pressure in the reaction vessel of 0.25Mpa for 5.5h to prepare an intermediate A4.
3000g of intermediate A4, 45g of methacrylic acid, 40g of acrylic acid, 40g of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 2g of hydroquinone and 3g of hydroquinone are added into another reaction vessel, and esterification reaction is carried out at the reaction temperature of 75 ℃ for 8.5h to prepare intermediate B4.
Adding 1100g of intermediate B4, 100g of acrylic acid and 60g of methacrylic acid into another reaction vessel, heating and mechanically stirring uniformly, then adding 10g of sodium persulfate, 10g of potassium persulfate, 5g of sodium propylene sulfonate and 5g of sodium methyl propylene sulfonate, reacting under mechanical stirring at the reaction temperature of 75 ℃ for 4.5h, adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 30% after the reaction is finished, and adjusting the pH value to 6.8 to prepare the silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducer P4.
Example 5
1200g of triethylsilanol, 32g of sodium ethoxide and 15000g of Ethylene Oxide (EO) are added into a pressure reaction vessel, and ring-opening polymerization reaction is carried out at the reaction temperature of 175 ℃ and the pressure in the reaction vessel of 0.23Mpa for 4.5h to prepare an intermediate A5.
1000g of triethylsilanol, 35g of potassium ethoxide and 15000g of Ethylene Oxide (EO) were charged into another pressure reaction vessel, and ring-opening polymerization was carried out at a reaction temperature of 165 ℃ and a pressure in the reaction vessel of 0.26MPa for 5.5 hours to obtain intermediate A6.
1200g of intermediate A5, 1000g of intermediate A6, 105g of methacrylic acid, 40g of p-toluenesulfonic acid and 5.5g of hydroquinone are added into another reaction vessel, and esterification reaction is carried out at the reaction temperature of 80 ℃ for 6.5h to prepare intermediate B5.
And adding 1000g of intermediate B5 and 175g of methacrylic acid into another reaction vessel, heating and uniformly stirring by a machine, then adding 20g of potassium persulfate, 4g of thioglycolic acid and 4.5g of mercaptopropionic acid, reacting at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 4.5h under the condition of mechanical stirring, adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 25% after the reaction is finished, and adjusting the pH value to 7.5 to prepare the silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducer P5.
The inventor also determines the relevant performance of the silicon-containing polycarboxylate superplasticizers P1 and P3 and a commercial ordinary polycarboxylate superplasticizer; specifically, the cement used in the experiment is 42.5 ordinary silica cement of the Shanghai sea snail, the water reducing rate and the cement paste time-lapse expansion degree are tested by referring to GB/8076-plus 2008, and the unit of the expansion diameter is millimeter (mm), wherein the cement paste time-lapse expansion degree is used for representing the delayed coagulation and slump retention performance of the polycarboxylic acid water reducer; specifically, the experimental results are shown in tables 1 and 2 below:
TABLE 1 Water reduction test results
| Water reduction rate at 15 ℃ (%) | Water reducing rate at 30 (%) | |
| Common polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent | 23.5 | 22.1 |
| Polycarboxylate water reducing agent P1 | 26.2 | 24.6 |
| Polycarboxylate water reducing agent P3 | 25.7 | 24.2 |
TABLE 2 Cement paste extent over time test results
| Initial | 30min | 60min | 90min | 120min | 180min | |
| Common polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent | 285 | 276 | 265 | 240 | 215 | —— |
| Polycarboxylate water reducing agent P1 | 315 | 308 | 301 | 285 | 268 | 237 |
| Polycarboxylate water reducing agent P3 | 305 | 298 | 290 | 281 | 263 | 225 |
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A synthetic method of a silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent comprises the following steps:
s1: adding a silanol compound, an organic base catalyst and ethylene oxide into a pressure reaction vessel, and carrying out ring-opening polymerization reaction at the reaction temperature of 145-185 ℃ and the pressure in the reaction vessel of 0.17-0.32 Mpa to prepare an intermediate A;
s2: adding an esterification catalyst, a polymerization inhibitor and the intermediate A into another reaction vessel, and carrying out esterification reaction at a reaction temperature of 75-95 ℃ to obtain an intermediate B; wherein the esterification catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the polymerization inhibitor is hydroquinone or/and hydroquinone;
s3: adding the intermediate B, acrylic acid or/and methacrylic acid into another reaction container, heating and mechanically stirring, then adding an initiator and a chain transfer agent, carrying out polymerization reaction at the reaction temperature of 55-75 ℃, and carrying out post-treatment to obtain the silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducer;
and, in S1, the silanol-based compound is selected from any one or more of: trimethylsilanol, triethylsilanol, triphenylsilanol; the organic base catalyst is selected from any one or more of the following: sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide;
in S1, the molar ratio of the silanol compound to the ethylene oxide is 1: 15-1: 65;
in S2, the molar ratio of the intermediate a to acrylic acid or/and methacrylic acid is 1: 1.2-1: 1.5; the adding mass of the esterification catalyst is 0.5-2.5% of the total mass of reactants in the S2; the adding mass of the polymerization inhibitor is 0.02-0.25% of the total mass of reactants in S2;
the weight average molecular weight of the intermediate B is 1200-3600;
in S3, the molar ratio of the intermediate B to acrylic acid or/and methacrylic acid is 1: 2.5-1: 5.5; the adding mass of the initiator is 0.5-2.5% of the total mass of reactants in S3; the adding mass of the chain transfer agent is 0.2-1.0% of the total mass of reactants in S3.
2. The synthesis method according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the added mass of the organic base catalyst is 0.1-0.5% of the total mass of the reactants in S1.
3. The method of synthesis of claim 1, wherein in S3, the initiator is selected from any one or more of: ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate; the chain transfer agent is selected from any one or more of: thioglycolic acid, mercaptopropionic acid, sodium propylene sulfonate and sodium methyl propylene sulfonate.
4. The synthesis method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the post-processing comprises: and adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into the reaction system, and adjusting the pH value to 5.5-7.5.
5. The synthesis method according to claim 4, wherein the mass concentration of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is 20% to 40%.
6. A silicon-containing polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent prepared according to the synthesis method of any one of the preceding claims.
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