CN107196050B - Miniaturized dual-band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterial - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/364—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a miniaturized dual-band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterial, which comprises a radiation plate of the antenna, wherein the radiation plate is formed by a first radiation layer, a second electromagnetic metamaterial layer and a third floor layer; the electromagnetic metamaterial layer of the second layer changes the relative dielectric constant and the relative magnetic permeability of the layer, so that the wavelength of the radiated electromagnetic wave in the metamaterial medium is reduced, the size of an antenna is reduced, the impedance characteristic is changed, and the bandwidth is widened; in addition, the addition of the five-sided metal back cavity can effectively shield backward radiation and external interference, and the directional radiation directivity requirement of the antenna is enhanced; the whole antenna is not externally provided with a matching network, the size of the antenna is only 60mm, and the relative bandwidth is 11.7%; the invention has the characteristics of double frequency bands, high gain, miniaturization, good directional radiation, simple feeding mode and the like, can meet the detection requirement of the missile-borne antenna, also meets the portable design requirement, can be applied to other fields, and is not only limited to missile aircrafts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a miniaturized dual-band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials.
Background
With the progress of electronic technology and the rapid development of electronic communication, communication electronic devices are also developed toward variety and comprehensive functions. As one of the most basic components in a communication electronic device, an antenna is required to simultaneously satisfy a plurality of strict index requirements, such as multi-band, miniaturization, high gain, and the like. However, the conventional antenna design method cannot meet the requirements of modern communication development.
With the maturation of electromagnetic metamaterial technology in recent years, the combination of a metamaterial and an antenna is also receiving more and more attention. In practical engineering application, the electromagnetic metamaterial unit structure is reasonably designed to have special electromagnetic characteristics in an operating frequency band, and then the electromagnetic metamaterial unit structure is loaded on an antenna, so that the improvement of the radiation performance (multifrequency, miniaturization and high gain) of the antenna is realized. The combination of the electromagnetic metamaterial and the antenna breaks through the cognition of people on the traditional antenna design method, and creates a brand-new way for the research and design of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the existing antenna cannot simultaneously achieve miniaturization, multifrequency and high gain, and provides a miniaturized dual-band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterial, so that the size of the antenna is reduced, and the detection requirement of a system on a target is met.
In order to solve the problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a miniaturized dual-band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterial mainly comprises a metal back cavity and an antenna radiation plate; the metal back cavity is a hollow cube with an opening at the upper top surface, and the antenna radiation plate covers the upper top surface of the metal back cavity;
the antenna radiation plate consists of a radiation layer, an electromagnetic metamaterial layer, a floor layer and a feed point; the radiation layer, the electromagnetic metamaterial layer and the floor layer are square with the same size; the feed point is positioned at the middle front part of the antenna radiation plate, namely the corresponding parts of the radiation layer, the electromagnetic metamaterial layer and the floor layer are all provided with the feed point;
the radiation layer comprises a planar radiation insulating medium substrate and a radiation metal patch printed on the upper surface of the radiation insulating medium substrate; the radiation metal patch is of a square slotting structure; the radiating metal patch consists of a square metal radiating sheet, and 2 convex-shaped grooves, 2U-shaped grooves and 2 square grooves which are formed in the square metal radiating sheet; the 2 convex grooves are symmetrically arranged at the edges of the front and rear 2 opposite sides of the square metal radiating sheet, and the 2 convex grooves are positioned on the longitudinal middle line of the radiating metal patch; the 2U-shaped grooves are oppositely arranged at the edges of the left and right 2 opposite sides of the square metal radiation sheet, and the 2U-shaped grooves are respectively positioned at two sides of the transverse central line of the radiation metal patch; the 2 square grooves are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the square metal radiating sheet, and the 2 square grooves are positioned on the transverse middle line of the radiating metal patch;
the electromagnetic metamaterial layer comprises a planar electromagnetic metamaterial insulating medium substrate, an upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch printed on the upper surface of the electromagnetic metamaterial insulating medium substrate and a lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch printed on the lower surface of the electromagnetic metamaterial insulating medium substrate; the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch are arranged in mirror symmetry with respect to the electromagnetic metamaterial insulating medium substrate, and are both in a star-shaped radiation structure; the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch are composed of more than 4 strip-shaped metal arms, and the number of the metal arms of the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch and the number of the metal arms of the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch are the same; the metal arms are radially arranged with respect to the centers of the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch; each metal arm is provided with a metal via hole, and 2 metal arms which are opposite in mirror image and are arranged on the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch are communicated with each other through the metal via holes;
the floor layer comprises a planar floor insulating medium substrate and a floor metal patch printed on the lower surface of the floor insulating medium substrate; the floor metal patch is of a square slotting structure; namely, the floor metal patch consists of a square metal floor sheet and 2 slits which are arranged at the center of the square metal floor sheet and are crossed into a cross shape; the extending direction of the 2 slits is along the diagonal direction of the square metal floor piece.
In the scheme, the lower bottom surface of the metal back cavity is a plane or an arc surface.
In the scheme, the symmetrical central lines of the 2 convex grooves of the radiating metal patch coincide with the longitudinal central line of the radiating metal patch; the symmetrical center lines of the 2 square grooves of the radiation metal patch coincide with the transverse center line of the radiation metal patch.
In the above scheme, 2 opposite angles of the metal sheet of the radiation metal patch are provided with chamfer angles.
In the scheme, the lengths of all the metal arms of the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch are equal, and the lengths of all the metal arms of the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch are equal.
In the scheme, the included angles between every 2 metal arms on the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch are equal.
In the scheme, a gap for disconnecting each metal arm from the length direction is arranged on each metal arm on the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch and each metal arm on the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch.
In the scheme, the centers of the 2 gaps on the floor metal patch are intersected.
In the above scheme, the feed point is located on the longitudinal center line of the antenna radiation plate and is located on the front side of the transverse center line of the antenna radiation plate.
In the scheme, the radiation layer, the electromagnetic metamaterial layer and the floor layer are fixed together through the insulating screws.
Compared with the prior art, the invention forms the radiation plate of the antenna by the first radiation layer, the second electromagnetic metamaterial layer and the third floor layer; the electromagnetic metamaterial layer of the second layer changes the relative dielectric constant and the relative magnetic permeability of the layer, so that the wavelength of the radiated electromagnetic wave in the metamaterial medium is reduced, the size of an antenna is reduced, the impedance characteristic is changed, and the bandwidth is widened; in addition, the addition of the five-sided metal back cavity can effectively shield backward radiation and external interference, and the directional radiation directivity requirement of the antenna is enhanced; the whole antenna is not externally provided with a matching network, the size of the antenna is only 60mm, and the relative bandwidth is 11.7%; the invention has the characteristics of double frequency bands, high gain, miniaturization, good directional radiation, simple feeding mode and the like, can meet the detection requirement of the missile-borne antenna, also meets the portable design requirement, can be applied to other fields, and is not only limited to missile aircrafts.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a miniaturized dual-band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the upper surface structure of the first layer of the miniaturized dual-band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterial.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top surface view of a second layer structure of a miniaturized dual-band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the lower surface of the second layer structure of a miniaturized dual-band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterial.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the lower surface of a third layer structure of a miniaturized dual-band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterial.
Fig. 6 is a VSWR test graph for an antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a Gain test plot of an antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an AR test graph of the antenna of the present invention.
Reference numerals in the drawings: 1. a metal back cavity; 2. an antenna radiation plate;
2-1, a radiation layer; 2-1-1, radiating insulating medium substrate; 2-1-2, radiating a metal patch; 2-1-2-1, metal radiating sheets; 2-1-2-2, a convex-shaped groove; 2-1-2-3, U-shaped groove; 2-1-2-4, square groove;
2-2, an electromagnetic metamaterial layer; 2-2-1, an electromagnetic metamaterial insulating medium substrate; 2-2-2, mounting an electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch; 2-2-3, lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patches; 2-2-2-1, metal arms; 2-2-2-2, gap; 2-2-2-3, metal vias;
2-3, floor layers; 2-3-1, a floor insulating medium substrate; 2-3-2, floor metal patches; 2-3-2-1, metal floor pieces; 2-3-2-2, gap;
2-4, a feed point;
2-5, insulating screws.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the invention more apparent. In the examples, directional terms such as "upper", "lower", "middle", "left", "right", "front", "rear", and the like are merely directions with reference to the drawings. Accordingly, the directions of use are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A miniaturized dual-band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterial is shown in figure 1, and mainly comprises a metal back cavity 1 and an antenna radiation plate 2.
The metal back cavity 1 is a hollow cube with an opening at the upper top surface, namely, the cavity formed by a left side surface, a right side surface, a front side surface, a rear side surface and a lower bottom surface of the metal back cavity 1. The upper top surface of the metal back cavity 1 is provided with an opening for covering the antenna radiation plate 2. In this embodiment, the antenna radiation plate 2 is fixedly connected with the metal back cavity 1 through an insulating screw 2-5. The metal back cavity 1 and the antenna radiation plate 2 form a closed square hollow cavity. The lower bottom surface of the metal back cavity 1 is a plane or an arc surface. The metal back cavity 1 can effectively shield backward radiation and external interference, enhance the radiation directivity of the antenna, and simultaneously serve as a carrier of the antenna radiation plate 2 to play a good role in fixing. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the entire antenna is mounted inside the projectile and the internal operating environment is complex. In order to reduce the influence of the outside on the radiation performance of the antenna, a four-sided closed metal back cavity 1 structure is used. The metal back cavity 1 is made of aluminum alloy with the thickness of about 1.5mm through bending, so that the preparation is very simple and convenient, and the cost is greatly saved. In order to make the section height of the whole antenna as low as possible and reduce the interference with other devices, the height of the metal back cavity 1 is about 1/67 of the free space wavelength corresponding to the working center frequency of the antenna. In this embodiment, the height of the metal back cavity 1 is 10mm. The middle part of the lower bottom surface of the metal back cavity 1 is provided with a hole site for fixing the feeding position.
The antenna radiation plate 2 is composed of a radiation layer 2-1, an electromagnetic metamaterial layer 2-2, a floor layer 2-3 and a feed point 2-4. The radiation layer 2-1, the electromagnetic metamaterial layer 2-2 and the floor layer 2-3 are square with the same size, wherein the radiation layer 2-1 positioned at the upper layer, the electromagnetic metamaterial layer 2-2 positioned at the middle layer and the floor layer 2-3 positioned at the lower layer are attached from top to bottom, and the laminated structure is beneficial to realizing miniaturization of an antenna and low profile. The radiation layer 2-1, the electromagnetic metamaterial layer 2-2 and the floor layer 2-3 can be pressed together through a process, and can be fixed together through insulating bolts 2-5. In order to better fix the radiation layer 2-1, the electromagnetic metamaterial layer 2-2 and the floor layer 2-3 together, the embodiment adopts the insulating screws 2-5 to fix the radiation layer 2-1, the electromagnetic metamaterial layer 2-2 and the floor layer 2-3. The feed point 2-4 is positioned at the middle front part of the antenna radiation plate 2, and the corresponding parts of the radiation layer 2-1, the electromagnetic metamaterial layer 2-2 and the floor layer 2-3 are respectively provided with the feed point 2-4, and the radiation layer 2-1, the electromagnetic metamaterial layer 2-2 and the floor layer 2-3 realize coaxial feed through the feed point 2-4. In the present invention, the feeding point 2-4 is located on the longitudinal centerline of the antenna radiation plate 2 and on the front side of the lateral centerline of the antenna radiation plate 2. Specifically, the feeding point 2-4 is located at 8mm lower forward and 0.5mm left of the center point of the antenna radiation plate 2.
Referring to fig. 2, the radiation layer 2-1 includes a planar radiation insulating dielectric substrate 2-1-1 and a radiation metal patch 2-1-2 printed on an upper surface of the radiation insulating dielectric substrate 2-1. The radiation metal patch 2-1-2 is of a square slotted structure. Namely, the radiation metal patch 2-1-2 consists of a square metal radiation sheet 2-1-2-1, 2 convex-shaped grooves 2-1-2-2, 2U-shaped grooves 2-1-2-3 and 2 square grooves 2-1-2-4 which are formed on the square metal radiation sheet 2-1-2-1. The convex grooves 2-1-2-2, the U-shaped grooves 2-1-2-3 and the square grooves 2-1-2-4 are used for increasing the current path of the antenna and reducing the size of the antenna. The metal sheets of the radiating metal patches 2-1-2 are provided with cut angles at 2 opposite corners thereof, and the positions of the cut angles are set at 2 opposite corners corresponding to diagonal lines inclined rightward, so as to realize circular polarization. The 2 convex grooves 2-1-2-2 are symmetrically arranged at the edges of the front and rear 2 opposite sides of the square metal radiating patch 2-1-2-1, and the 2 convex grooves 2-1-2-2 are positioned on the longitudinal middle line of the radiating metal patch 2-1-2, namely the 2 convex grooves 2-1-2-2 are positioned in the middle of the front and rear 2 opposite sides. In this embodiment, the shape and size of the 2 convex grooves 2-1-2-2 are completely identical, and the symmetry center line of the 2 convex grooves 2-1-2-2 coincides with the longitudinal center line of the radiating metal patch 2-1-2. The 2U-shaped grooves 2-1-2-3 are oppositely arranged at the edges of the left and right 2 opposite sides of the square metal radiating patch 2-1-2-1, and the 2U-shaped grooves 2-1-2-3 are respectively positioned at two sides of the transverse midline of the radiating metal patch 2-1-2, namely, 1U-shaped groove 2-1-2-3 is positioned at the lower part of the left opposite side, and the other 1U-shaped groove 2-1-2-3 is positioned at the upper part of the left opposite side; the 2 square grooves 2-1-2-4 are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the square metal sheet. In this embodiment, the shape and size of the 2U-shaped grooves 2-1-2-3 are identical. The 2 square grooves 2-1-2-4 are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the square metal radiating patch 2-1-2-1, and the 2 square grooves 2-1-2-4 are positioned on the transverse middle line of the radiating metal patch 2-1-2, namely the 2 square grooves 2-1-2-4 are positioned in the middle of the left side and the right side in the front-rear direction. In this embodiment, the shape and size of the 2 square grooves 2-1-2-4 are completely identical, and the center line of symmetry of the 2 square grooves 2-1-2-4 coincides with the lateral center line of the radiating metallic patch 2-1-2.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the electromagnetic metamaterial layer 2-2 includes a planar electromagnetic metamaterial dielectric substrate 2-2-1, an upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2 printed on an upper surface of the electromagnetic metamaterial dielectric substrate 2-2-1, and a lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3 printed on a lower surface of the electromagnetic metamaterial dielectric substrate 2-2-1. The upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2 and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3 are arranged in mirror symmetry with respect to the electromagnetic metamaterial insulating medium substrate 2-2-1, and are both in a star-shaped radiation structure. Namely, the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2 and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3 are composed of more than 4 strip-shaped metal arms 2-2-2-1, and the number of the metal arms 2-2-2-1 of the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2 is the same as that of the metal arms 2-2-2-1 of the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3. These metal arms 2-2-2-1 are radially disposed with respect to the centers of the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2 and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3. In this embodiment, the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2 and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3 are each of a star-shaped structure formed by 12 metal arms 2-2-2-1 arranged at a certain angle. In practical engineering application, the spacing angle alpha of each metal arm 2-2-2-1 can be selected at will, namely, the star-shaped structure can be formed by periodic structure arrangement or non-periodic structure arrangement. In this embodiment, the included angles between each 2 metal arms 2-2-2-1 on the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2 and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3 are equal, that is, the metal arms 2-2-2-1 are arranged periodically, and the angle α between the metal arms 2-2-2-1 is the same and is 30 °. The length of each metal arm 2-2-2-1 of the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2 and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3 can be selected according to the specific working frequency band of the antenna. All the metal arms 2-2-2-1 of the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2 are equal in length, and all the metal arms 2-2-2-1 of the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3 are equal in length. In this example, the metal arms 2-2-2-1 of the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2 are the same in length and 24.5mm in length, and the metal arms 2-2-2-1 of the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3 are the same in length and 27.5mm in length. The width of each metal arm 2-2-2-1 of the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2 and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3 is determined according to practical application conditions. In this embodiment, the widths of all the metal arms 2-2-2-1 of the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2 and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3 are uniform and are all 2.5mm. In addition, a gap 2-2-2-2 for disconnecting the metal arm 2-2-1 from the length direction can be further added on each metal arm 2-2-2-1 on the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2 and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3, so that the resonant ring of the electromagnetic metamaterial SRR structural unit can be equivalent to an LC resonant circuit. The widths of the gaps 2-2-2-2 disconnected from the metal arms 2-2-2-1 can be equal or unequal, and the widths of the gaps 2-2-2-2 can be adjusted according to different working frequency bands. In this embodiment, the gaps 2-2-2-2 of the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2 and the gaps 2-2-2 of the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3 are the same, and the gaps 2-2-2-2 of the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2-1 and the gaps 2-2-2 of the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2-1 are the same, and are all 1.5mm. Each metal arm 2-2-2-1 on the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2 and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3 is provided with a metal via hole 2-2-2-3, and the metal via hole 2-2-2-3 penetrates through the upper surface and the lower surface of the electromagnetic metamaterial insulating medium substrate 2-2-1, so that 2 mirror-image opposite metal arms 2-2-1 on the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2 and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3 are mutually communicated through the metal via hole 2-2-2-3. In this embodiment, the diameter of the metal vias 2-2-2-3 is 1.5mm. In this embodiment, since the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2 and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3 each have one metal arm 2-2-2-1 passing through the feeding point 2-4, the metal via holes 2-2-2-3 on the 2 metal arms 2-2-1 are shared with the through holes of the feeding point 2-4, that is, the metamaterial structural units on the upper and lower surfaces are penetrated by 11 metal via holes 2-2-2-3, wherein one group of metamaterial structural units is not penetrated by the metal via holes 2-2-2-3 and is the feeding position. The upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2 and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3 form an electromagnetic metamaterial structure, and the electromagnetic metamaterial structure can generate high magnetic permeability characteristics in a working frequency band, so that the wavelength of electromagnetic wave media is reduced, and the miniaturization of an antenna is further realized.
Referring to fig. 4, the floor layer 2-3 includes a planar floor insulating dielectric substrate 2-3-1 and a floor metal patch 2-3-2 printed on a lower surface of the floor insulating dielectric substrate 2-3-1. The floor metal patch 2-3-2 is of a square slotted structure. Namely, the floor metal patch 2-3-2 is composed of a square metal floor sheet 2-3-2-1 and 2 slits 2-3-2-2 intersecting to form a cross shape which are arranged at the center of the square metal floor sheet 2-3-2-1. The extending direction of the 2 slits 2-3-2-2 is along the diagonal direction of the square metal floor sheet 2-3-2-1. The centers of the 2 slits 2-3-2-2 of the floor metal patches 2-3-2 intersect. The width and length of the 2 slots 2-3-2-2 influence the resonant frequency and circular polarization of the antenna. The length proportion of the 2 gaps 2-3-2-2 of the floor metal patch 2-3-2 can be adjusted according to specific working frequency bands, and the length proportion influences the circular polarization and the double-frequency ratio range of the antenna. In this embodiment, the lengths of the 2 slits 2-3-2-2 are not equal, and the widths are equal and are all 1mm. In the present example, the double frequency ratio of the cross slit 2-3-2-2 is 1.05. The effect of the floor layers 2-3 is to achieve circular polarization of the antenna, reducing the size of the antenna.
The radiation insulating medium substrate 2-1-1, the electromagnetic metamaterial insulating medium substrate 2-2-1 and the floor insulating medium substrate 2-3-1 are all made of insulating medium materials. The insulating dielectric substrate is used as a carrier of the metal patch on one hand, and on the other hand, the size of the metal patch on the surface of the insulating dielectric substrate needs to be finely adjusted when the thickness or the dielectric constant of the insulating dielectric substrate changes. In this example, the material of the insulating dielectric substrate is a rogers dielectric plate having a dielectric constant of 10.2 and a thickness of 0.635mm. The materials of the radiating metal patch 2-1-2, the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-2, the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch 2-2-3 and the floor metal patch 2-3-2 can be gold, silver, tin and other metal materials, but the copper materials are adopted for the patches to prepare in a comprehensive way in consideration of performance and cost.
The antenna does not carry out any consumable loading, has higher gain and can meet the requirements of a system on detection distance and precision. Fig. 6 is a standing wave test chart of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, within the frequency band of the dual-frequency resonance, both 420MHz-430MHz and 460MHz-470MHz satisfy S 11 The relative bandwidth of the antenna is less than or equal to-10 dBi and reaches 11.7 percent. Fig. 7 is a graph of gain testing for an antenna, as shown, with the antenna gain being greater than-12 dBi in the operating band, meeting the needs of engineering applications. Fig. 8 is an axial ratio test result of an antenna having excellent circular polarization performance.
In summary, the invention relates to a miniaturized dual-band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials. The dual-band high-gain antenna has the characteristics of dual-band, high gain, miniaturization, good directional radiation, simple feeding mode and the like, can meet the detection requirement of the missile-borne antenna, and also meets the portable design requirement.
It should be noted that, although the examples described above are illustrative, this is not a limitation of the present invention, and thus the present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments. Other embodiments, which are apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein, are considered to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A miniaturized dual-band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterial is characterized in that: mainly comprises a metal back cavity (1) and an antenna radiation plate (2); the metal back cavity (1) is a hollow cube with an opening at the upper top surface, and the antenna radiation plate (2) covers the upper top surface of the metal back cavity (1);
the antenna radiation plate (2) consists of a radiation layer (2-1), an electromagnetic metamaterial layer (2-2), a floor layer (2-3) and a feed point (2-4); wherein the radiation layer (2-1) positioned at the upper layer, the electromagnetic metamaterial layer (2-2) positioned at the middle layer and the floor layer (2-3) positioned at the lower layer are attached from top to bottom, and the radiation layer (2-1), the electromagnetic metamaterial layer (2-2) and the floor layer (2-3) are square with consistent sizes; the feed point (2-4) is positioned at the middle front part of the antenna radiation plate (2), namely the corresponding parts of the radiation layer (2-1), the electromagnetic metamaterial layer (2-2) and the floor layer (2-3) are respectively provided with the feed point (2-4);
the radiation layer (2-1) comprises a planar radiation insulating medium substrate (2-1-1) and a radiation metal patch (2-1-2) printed on the upper surface of the radiation insulating medium substrate (2-1-1); the radiation metal patch (2-1-2) is of a square slotting structure; namely, the radiation metal patch (2-1-2) consists of a square metal radiation sheet (2-1-2-1), and 2 convex-shaped grooves (2-1-2-2), 2U-shaped grooves (2-1-2-3) and 2 square grooves (2-1-2-4) which are arranged on the square metal radiation sheet (2-1-2-1); the 2 convex grooves (2-1-2-2) are symmetrically arranged at the edges of the front and rear 2 opposite sides of the square metal radiating patch (2-1-2-1), and the 2 convex grooves (2-1-2-2) are positioned on the longitudinal middle line of the radiating metal patch (2-1-2); the 2U-shaped grooves (2-1-2-3) are oppositely arranged at the edges of the left and right 2 opposite sides of the square metal radiation sheet (2-1-2-1), and the 2U-shaped grooves (2-1-2-3) are respectively positioned at two sides of the transverse central line of the radiation metal patch (2-1-2); the 2 square grooves (2-1-2-4) are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the square metal radiating sheet (2-1-2-1), and the 2 square grooves (2-1-2-4) are positioned on the transverse middle line of the radiating metal patch (2-1-2);
the electromagnetic metamaterial layer (2-2) comprises a planar electromagnetic metamaterial insulating medium substrate (2-2-1), an upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-2) printed on the upper surface of the electromagnetic metamaterial insulating medium substrate (2-2-1) and a lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-3) printed on the lower surface of the electromagnetic metamaterial insulating medium substrate (2-2-1); the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-2) and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-3) are arranged in mirror symmetry with respect to the electromagnetic metamaterial insulating medium substrate (2-2-1), and are both in a star-shaped radiation structure; namely, the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-2) and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-3) are composed of more than 4 strip-shaped metal arms (2-2-2-1), and the number of the metal arms (2-2-2-1) of the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-2) and the number of the metal arms (2-2-2-1) of the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-3) are the same; the metal arms (2-2-2-1) are radially arranged with respect to the centers of the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-2) and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-3); each metal arm (2-2-2-1) is provided with a metal via hole (2-2-2-3), and 2 metal arms (2-2-2-1) opposite to each other in mirror images on the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-2) and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-3) are communicated with each other through the metal via hole (2-2-2-3); each metal arm (2-2-2-1) on the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-2) and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-3) is provided with a gap (2-2-2-2) for disconnecting the metal arm (2-2-2-1) from the length direction;
the floor layer (2-3) comprises a planar floor insulating medium substrate (2-3-1) and a floor metal patch (2-3-2) printed on the lower surface of the floor insulating medium substrate (2-3-1); the floor metal patch (2-3-2) is of a square slotting structure; namely, the floor metal patch (2-3-2) consists of a square metal floor sheet (2-3-2-1) and 2 slits (2-3-2-2) which are arranged at the center of the square metal floor sheet (2-3-2-1) and are crossed into a cross shape; the extending direction of the 2 slits (2-3-2-2) is along the diagonal direction of the square metal floor sheet (2-3-2-1).
2. A miniaturized dual band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower bottom surface of the metal back cavity (1) is a plane or an arc surface.
3. A miniaturized dual band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that: the symmetrical central lines of the 2 convex grooves (2-1-2-2) of the radiation metal patch (2-1-2) are coincident with the longitudinal central line of the radiation metal patch (2-1-2); the symmetry center line of the 2 square grooves (2-1-2-4) of the radiation metal patch (2-1-2) coincides with the transverse center line of the radiation metal patch (2-1-2).
4. A miniaturized dual band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that: the metal sheet of the radiating metal patch (2-1-2) is provided with chamfer angles at 2 opposite corners thereof.
5. A miniaturized dual band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lengths of all the metal arms (2-2-2-1) of the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-2) are equal, and the lengths of all the metal arms (2-2-2-1) of the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-3) are equal.
6. A miniaturized dual band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that: the included angles between every 2 metal arms (2-2-2-1) on the upper electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-2) and the lower electromagnetic metamaterial metal patch (2-2-3) are equal.
7. A miniaturized dual band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that: the centers of the 2 slits (2-3-2-2) on the floor metal patch (2-3-2) are intersected.
8. A miniaturized dual band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that: the feed point (2-4) is located on the longitudinal centerline of the antenna radiation plate (2) and on the front side of the transverse centerline of the antenna radiation plate (2).
9. A miniaturized dual band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that: the radiation layer (2-1), the electromagnetic metamaterial layer (2-2) and the floor layer (2-3) are fixed together through insulating screws (2-5).
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| CN102570016A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-07-11 | 安徽锦特微波电子有限公司 | Miniaturized double-frequency circular-polarization metamaterial microstrip antenna |
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| AUPO425096A0 (en) * | 1996-12-18 | 1997-01-16 | University Of Queensland, The | Radial line slot antenna |
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| CN202034481U (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-11-09 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Super medium intelligent loaded antenna |
| US8742990B2 (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2014-06-03 | Mediatek Inc. | Circular polarization antenna |
| CN103311657A (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-18 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Antenna device |
| CN105428804B (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-05-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of broad beam circular polarisation Y shape-H-shaped slot miniaturization circle paster antenna using characteristics of conformal electromagnetic bandgap structure |
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| CN207052749U (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2018-02-27 | 桂林电子科技大学 | A kind of miniaturized dual-band circular polarized antenna for loading electromagnetism Meta Materials |
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| CN102055064A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-11 | 雷凌科技股份有限公司 | Circularly polarized antenna in MIMO wireless communication system |
| CN102570016A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-07-11 | 安徽锦特微波电子有限公司 | Miniaturized double-frequency circular-polarization metamaterial microstrip antenna |
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Application publication date: 20170922 Assignee: Guilin Jiuyu Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUILIN University OF ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2023980045858 Denomination of invention: A miniaturized dual band circularly polarized antenna loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials Granted publication date: 20230530 License type: Common License Record date: 20231107 |
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