CN107194875A - High-resolution and the method for big breadth remote sensing images are obtained using Small Satellite Group - Google Patents
High-resolution and the method for big breadth remote sensing images are obtained using Small Satellite Group Download PDFInfo
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- CN107194875A CN107194875A CN201710418034.6A CN201710418034A CN107194875A CN 107194875 A CN107194875 A CN 107194875A CN 201710418034 A CN201710418034 A CN 201710418034A CN 107194875 A CN107194875 A CN 107194875A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
- G06T3/40—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
- G06T3/4038—Image mosaicing, e.g. composing plane images from plane sub-images
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
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- B64G1/10—Artificial satellites; Systems of such satellites; Interplanetary vehicles
- B64G1/1021—Earth observation satellites
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
- G06T3/40—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
- G06T3/4053—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting based on super-resolution, i.e. the output image resolution being higher than the sensor resolution
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Abstract
Under the conditions of prior art, the high-resolution and big breadth that remote sensing satellite obtains image are conflicts.The present invention can obtain high-resolution and big breadth earth observation image simultaneously using many moonlet group operations.Using present invention design, every moonlet only has strict demand to the resolution ratio of observation instrument, and breadth requirement can suitably relax, and all moonlets can both be evenly distributed on same orbital plane after entering the orbit, can also Relatively centralized operation.Observation mission is performed every time, by big region segmentation, the rational observation instrument open and close machine moment is distributed for every moonlet and the lateral swinging angle and the angle of pitch of the attitude of satellite are set, the image mosaic that finally all moonlets are obtained, it can just realize that satellite is once excessively local and overseas, while obtaining in high-resolution, the earth observation image of big breadth, satellite group, small number of satellite is more, and the breadth of image is bigger.Further, since being designed using satellite group, reducing individual satellites failure causes the risk of whole satellite task failure.
Description
Technical field
It is that one kind is obtained on improving earth remote sensing satellite the invention belongs to spacecraft manufacture and spacecraft engineering application field
The method for taking earth observation image effect.
Background technology
One of earth remote sensing satellite main task is exactly to obtain earth observation image, and optical imagery instrument is installed to and defended by it
Star body, by satellite around earth movements, controls the switching on and shutting down of optical imagery instrument, obtains the optics of earth surface different zones
Image.Two important parameters for assessing acquisition satellite image effect are the resolution ratio of image and the breadth of image respectively, wherein scheming
As resolution ratio is the floor area that one pixel of optical imagery instrument is represented, when the resolution ratio of a satellite is 1m, it shows
One pixel of this satellite imagery instrument represents ground 1m × 1m area, and image resolution ratio is higher, and image is more clear, obtains
The image for obtaining fine definition is the target that contemporary earth remote sensing satellite is pursued；Satellite image breadth is to represent that a satellite passes through one
The width of image is obtained during individual target area, the breadth of piece image is bigger, and the content that it is included is more, a moonscope
The image that big breadth can be obtained is the target that contemporary earth remote sensing satellite is pursued.
Under prior art conditions, it is conflict between the high-resolution of remote sensing satellite image and big breadth, if will
Want to obtain high-definition picture, its breadth is just small；Want to obtain big breadth image, resolution ratio must be reduced.Carried in real satellite
In lotus design, alternative is typically only capable between resolution ratio and breadth.For example number satellite of the high score of China in orbit, works as image
Resolution ratio be 2m when, breadth is 69km；Resolution ratio is 16m, breadth increase 830km.Therefore, high-resolution satellite is in order to obtain
The image of large area region target, can only by repeatedly observing, by the image mosaic observed every time get up obtain, so do except
It is required that satellite has suitable regression orbit to design, had outside the operational control of very strong posture side-sway function and complexity, in addition it is also necessary to etc.
Treat longer time.
In order to obtain high-resolution and big breadth image, in theory can by increase the CCD camera quantity on satellite come
Resolution ratio and the contradiction of breadth are solved, such as on the premise of given resolution ratio, increases a CCD camera, breadth can just increase
One times, but the ability of satellite platform is limited, it is impossible to unrestrictedly increase CCD camera, be typically only capable to accomplish 2 cameras simultaneously
Work, obtains the image that breadth is doubled.
The number of satellite of increase work simultaneously, it is also possible to obtain high-resolution and big breadth image.But past satellite is manufactured
Technical sophistication, volume are big, cost is high, and this method can not be realized in engineering.With the development of satellite production technology, the past needs
The function to be completed by large satellite can be realized on moonlet, compared with large satellite, and moonlet has lightweight, size
The small, lead time is short, high performance and the characteristics of low cost, and a variety of functions of being performed at present by single satellite are due to that can distribute to
Several even more moonlets are performed so that system is more flexible, while the system being made up of Small Satellite Group also has one to show
Work feature：It is less subject to the influence caused by a satellite failure.
The multiple image therefore, it can under given CCD camera resolution condition, obtained simultaneously by many moonlets is spelled
Connect, meet satellite and once pass by, high-resolution, the actual requirement of the earth observation image of big breadth are obtained in real time.
The content of the invention：
Present invention aims at find a kind of earth observation remote sensing satellite while obtaining high-resolution and big breadth over the ground
The method of observed image.It using install high-resolution, narrow wide observation instrument a group moonlet and meanwhile launch enter the orbit, own
It is that each moonlet is distributed in order in the longitudinal of the earth during each earth observation after the in-orbit regular traffic operation of satellite
One observation area, in ground image processing, the image mosaic that all moonlets are obtained in group is got up, wide cut is finally obtained
Image.
Present invention design is first according to user's earth observation mission requirements, on the track foundation of the satellite of design, selection
The resolution ratio X (m) of observation instrument running track substar on satellite, the value is typically to need to observe most with user
Determined based on Small object size, for the point target of ground, as long as more than the target of the resolution ratio, can be obtained in satellite
Normal picture in can be resolved out.
After the resolution ratio of selected observation instrument, if the pixel number of observation instrument is Z, an observation instrument can be calculated
The image breadth L of acquisition is imaged over the ground, shown in its calculation formula such as formula (1)：
L=X × Z/1000 (km) (1)
If satellite orbital altitude is H, the meter of the long Z of orbital spacing segmental arc between the rail of satellite orbit two on terrestrial longitude
Calculate shown in formula such as formula (2)：
Wherein rEIt is earth radius, Δ λ is the longitude of orbital spacing, therefore satellite is not being examined once by target overhead
In the case of the curvature for considering the earth, the earth image of acquisition is orbital spacing L/Z in longitude；If the breadth of image can reach
Z values, an in theory satellite transit can just obtain the global map picture of the whole earth in one day.As described above, by working condition and
Ability is limited, and on the premise of given high-resolution, existing earth observation satellite can not realize the target of big breadth, therefore defend
The rail of luck row one, can only obtain the narrow picture of target.
The present invention is proposed under conditions of given resolution ratio and breadth, and high target resolution is realized by increasing number of satellite
With big breadth image, as shown in figure 1, wherein the quantity of satellite group Satellite is N, if the breadth that every satellite obtains image is
L (km), the image breadth that whole satellite group is obtained by be number of satellite multiple, i.e. N × L (km).In theory as N >=Z/L,
Satellite is once by that can obtain the image of an orbital spacing width, and a satellite group operation can just be obtained entirely for one day
The global map picture of ball.
The critically important index that earth observation satellite obtains image is the revisiting period of track, and the index shows that one is defended
Star is next time again by the time interval value of an identical track, in order to meet the change for observing some key areas in time
Revisiting period, can be designed to very little by situation, but revisiting period is too low, come for high-resolution, narrow wide observation satellite
Say, some tellurian regions can not will be observed forever；The big revisiting period of selection, can no doubt observe tellurian all areas
Domain, but the ageing by variation of key area is revisited, therefore use traditional design methods, the selection of revisiting period and the area of observation coverage
The acquisition in domain is conflict.The method designed using the present invention, as long as the quantity of moonlet meets N >=Z/L, it is possible to will
Revisiting period is condensed to 24 hours, i.e., under conditions of an orbit plane, if satellite user needs the earth surface obtained to appoint
Meaning area image, can have an opportunity to obtain the area image again after one day.
Acquisition high-resolution, the key of the earth observation image of big breadth designed using the present invention is in given resolution
How number of satellite and when calculating every satellite earth observation corresponding lateral swinging angle are determined on the premise of rate and breadth.Satellite is differentiated
Rate and breadth are typically to be directed to along the graphical design of sub-satellite track, as shown in Fig. 2 now satellite keeps normal appearance over the ground
State, satellite trajectory is by the center line of target area, and the observation width in corresponding ground region is L0；When the target of moonscope is remote
, it is necessary to obtain image by the side-sway of the attitude of satellite during substar, as shown in figure 3, now the posture of satellite is in rotating direction
θ ° of side-sway, the observation width in corresponding ground region is by original L0It is changed into Li, target is more remote from substar, actual to obtain image
Breadth it is bigger.This conclusion can directly be found out by Fig. 3, can also be drawn by formula (1), L in formula (1)iWith lateral swinging angle cos β
Inverse is directly proportional, when satellite obtains substar image, the corresponding L in β=0, cos β=1iMinimum, is L0；As lateral swinging angle β ＞ 0, cos β
＜ 1, therefore the L calculatedi＞ L0。
When orbit altitude be h, observation instrument the angle of visual field be δ, during attitude of satellite side-sway θ angles, moonscope region breadth
LiCalculation formula such as formula (3) shown in：
Wherein ReIt is earth radius.When β=0 °, corresponding LiIt is exactly L0, shown in its calculation formula such as formula (4)：
The observation area breadth L of N number of moonletiSum constitutes total breadth Z of whole region, and Z as shown in Figure 4 calculates public
Shown in formula such as formula (5)：
The orbital spacing on terrestrial longitude between the rail of satellite orbit two is Z, and repeatedly algorithm is iterated using shown in Fig. 5
The quantity N of satellite group Satellite can accurately be calculated.
Performed using the technology of the present invention and survey task over the ground every time, use Fig. 5 algorithm to distribute the area of observation coverage for each moonlet
Domain, determine breadth LiAfterwards, it is possible to lateral swinging angle θ during each satellite operation is calculated, shown in its calculation formula such as formula (6)：
Satellite in the satellite group that the present invention is designed all is designed using Small Satellite Technology, and the Main Load of satellite is imaging
Instrument, data memory sum transmission transmitter, wherein Image-forming instrument, which obtain ground image, data memory, to be used to store what is obtained
The real-time view data for obtaining or storing is sent to ground by image, number transmission transmitter, and these satellites are run in the way of satellite group
In an identical orbital plane, it can once be launched by one piece of rocket and entered the orbit, when reaching satellite-rocket separation point, separated on arrow
Mechanism is discharged after these satellites, all satellier injections simultaneously in a short time, and the orbit plane of design is operated in the way of group
It is interior, as shown in Figure 6.
The arbitrariness and satellite discharged due to satellite from rocket is influenceed in space by various perturbative forces, and each satellite is relative
The position of other satellites is change, it is impossible to form the formation that multi-satellite in Fig. 1 is run side by side, but as disperseing row in Fig. 6
Row, the image that whole satellite group is obtained can not align in North and South direction.
For the image of the rectangle observation area that obtains a width standard, the present invention is proposed except using above-mentioned control satellite
Lateral swinging angle is obtained outside the big area image of east-west direction, also by controlling the angle of pitch of each satellite, obtains whole satellite group
Image it is consistent in North and South direction, as shown in fig. 7, assuming there are 5 satellites in figure, sub-satellite point is operated in wherein one
On the basis of satellite, the angle of pitch of its posture is 0, the angle of pitch of second satellite isThe angle of pitch of 3rd satellite isThe
The angle of pitch of four satellites isThe angle of pitch of 5th satellite isWherein shown in the calculation formula of the angle of pitch such as formula (7)
Wherein(X in formula1, Y1, Z1) and (Xi, Yi, Zi) it is first satellite and i-th satellite
In the position of inertial space, its calculation formula such as formula (8)：
A- semi-major axis of orbits, e- orbital eccentricities, i- orbit inclination angles, Ω-ascending node of orbit right ascension in formula, ω-track are near
Place argument and M- track mean anomalys.
Another outstanding advantages that the utilization multi-satellite that the present invention is designed obtains the method for big breadth image are the increase in
The redundancy of whole satellite system.Due to there is large number of satellite while in orbit, even if having one, two satellite failures, no
Whole system can be caused to fail, the breadth for simply obtaining image slightly has reduction, and specific decrement is the image of fault satellites quantity
Breadth sum, by rearranging the task of every satellite, still can obtain big breadth image.
Brief description of the drawings：
Multi-satellite once covers an orbital spacing schematic diagram to Fig. 1 in theory.
Fig. 2 moonscope substar targets.
Fig. 3 attitude of satellite side-sway observed objects.
Fig. 4 controls the lateral swinging angle of every satellite to realize one big area image schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 determines number of satellite method according to moonscope breadth and observation area.
Fig. 6 multi-satellites are concentrated and operate in schematic diagram in an orbital plane.
Fig. 7 controls the angle of pitch of every satellite to realize identical observation start line schematic diagram.
Embodiment：
Present invention can apply to optics, infrared or SAR type earth observation satellites imaging master-plan and specifically should
In, its application principle is consistent, and simply observation condition has difference, therefore is introduced here so that optical satellite is applied as an example.
Design of satellites person designs the orbit parameter of satellite, determines the orbit altitude of satellite, then according to user's request first
The resolution ratio over the ground of satellite optical load is determined, it must is fulfilled for the requirement that user tells earth observation minimum target, herein
On the basis of, it is considered to the factor such as optics load manufacturing technology ability, cost and life-span, it is determined that every under resolution condition given herein above
The breadth of width observed image.Breadth requirement finally according to user to each image, the calculation formula provided using the present invention is true
Determine the quantity of satellite group Satellite.In view of compared with large satellite, moonlet has manufacturing cost low, the fast spy of speed of production
Point, but simultaneously reliability and in terms of the life-span also have weak point, therefore in order to ensure satellite in orbit after normal performance
Effect, can appropriate several satellites of multi-emitting, to ensure that whole system will not be because of some satellite failure effect whole capabilities.
Whole satellite group can disposably transmitting be entered the orbit by one piece of rocket, can also repeatedly be launched by many pieces of rockets and entered the orbit,
But no matter once enter the orbit or repeatedly enter the orbit, all satellites all have to operate at identical orbit plane, they can mutually be leaned on
Closely, it can also be evenly distributed on orbit plane.
Periodically carry out orbit measurement to every satellite, the accurate satellite that calculates is in the orbital position in space and during to one section from now on
Interior satellite transit track carries out Exact Forecast.
And then observation service can be provided the user.After the specific observation requirementses for receiving user, according to the rail of satellite
Road forecast result, determines that every satellite, by the sequencing in target overhead, is adopted in satellite group by given observed object region
The calculation formula provided with the present invention, attitude of satellite side-sway when calculating the optics load open and close machine moment on every satellite, observing
Angle and observation data the playback moment, by ground satellite measurement and control center by these result of calculations with instruct or injecting data side
Formula is sent on satellite.Satellite is received after these orders, generally with the time meet mode control the opening of optics load and data set,
Pass is acted.
Every satellite pass through target overhead, the start of optics load before, on star programme-control attitude of satellite side-sway to finger
Determine angle, be carved into upon power-up, the load start of control optics obtains target image；The shutdown moment is arrived, and control optics load is closed
Machine, piece image is obtained and finished.The image of acquisition can both be obtained in image and played back simultaneously, can also be played back afterwards, this depends on
In grounded receiving station to the star on whether visible and star the energy whether the factor such as abundance.Data set sends out the image of acquisition on star
It is sent to grounded receiving station.
Deng all satellites in satellite group image all receive after, initial data is handled, every satellite is obtained
Single image, all single images are subjected to picture mosaic according to the order of moonscope and arrangement, it is possible to obtain a panel height point
The image of resolution, big breadth.(a few width figures of increase, single image, the image of splicing)
So far described it is a kind of coordinated by many in-orbit moonlets operations, realize and obtain high-resolution, significantly simultaneously
The method of wide earth observation image, the characteristics of it make use of every satellite high-resolution, by multi-satellite combination observation and
Rational management, solves the contradiction between existing earth observation satellite image high-resolution and big breadth.
The present invention is mainly applied in the master-plan and service operation of earth observation satellite, realizes high-resolution and significantly
The acquisition of wide earth observation image.In the master-plan stage, it can realize that single satellite can not obtain high-resolution using the present invention
The target of rate and big breadth image, simultaneously because being designed using satellite group, greatly reducing individual satellites failure causes entirely to defend
The risk of star task failure；In the service operation stage, using the present invention every satellite earth observation load of scheduling open and close machine when
Carve and attitude of satellite lateral swinging angle, be every satellite distribution observed object, the final image for obtaining a panel height resolution ratio and big breadth.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of obtain high-resolution and the method for big breadth earth observation image, it is characterised in that：
1) using the Small Satellite Group for being provided with high-resolution earth observation instrument, the observation instrument resolution ratio installed on each satellite
As far as possible high, breadth can be relatively narrow；
2) all satellites in group, which can once be launched, enters the orbit, and can also repeatedly launch and enter the orbit, all satellites all operate in one
Orbit plane；
3) all satellites in group can both be uniformly distributed operation in orbital plane, can also Relatively centralized operation；
4) by for the strict open and close machine moment of every satellite distribution in group, setting accurate posture lateral swinging angle and the angle of pitch,
Every satellite will obtain the high-definition picture of designated area, and the image that all satellites are obtained is spliced, it is possible to obtained
Big breadth remote sensing images；
5) according to the method for the acquisition wide format images described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Use many high-resolution, narrow
Wide moonlet composition satellite group cooperating operation, it is possible to which realization is once passed by, while high-resolution, the remote sensing figure of big breadth
The failure of individual satellites does not interfere with whole system function in picture, and group.
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| CN108198166A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-06-22 | 中国资源卫星应用中心 | A kind of No. four image ground resolution computational methods of the high score being differently directed and system |
| CN109146955A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2019-01-04 | 西北工业大学 | A method of target three-dimensional image information is obtained based on microsatellite group |
| WO2020261481A1 (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2020-12-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Satellite constellation, terrestrial equipment, and artificial satellite |
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| CN112731398A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-04-30 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | Multi-dimensional information detection SAR satellite detection method |
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