CN107194113A - Roller drying experimental facilities and the method for setting up tobacco drum drying REA models - Google Patents
Roller drying experimental facilities and the method for setting up tobacco drum drying REA models Download PDFInfo
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- CN107194113A CN107194113A CN201710452044.1A CN201710452044A CN107194113A CN 107194113 A CN107194113 A CN 107194113A CN 201710452044 A CN201710452044 A CN 201710452044A CN 107194113 A CN107194113 A CN 107194113A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of roller drying experimental facilities and the method for setting up tobacco drum drying REA models.Wherein, roller drying experimental facilities includes：Hole is provided with roller, the roller, the hole position is on the rotation axis of roller；And sampling apparatus, the sampling apparatus can by the hole pass in and out roller barrel chamber.The physical parameter that the roller drying experimental facilities can be used for during detection Tobacco drying, further sets up tobacco drum and dries REA models, and good instrument is provided for research Tobacco drying behavior.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to dry materials process field, and in particular to a kind of roller drying experimental facilities and set up tobacco drum
The method for drying REA models.
Background technology
In modern extensive cigarette industry production, the drying that drum drying equipment is widely used with tobacco takes off
Water.Drying and dehydrating is the crucial hot wet link in tobacco processing, run through raw tobacco material after adopt just roasting, beating and double roasting to
The whole work flow of throwing.The main purpose for drying tobacco is the moisture that specified quantitative is removed from tobacco, tobacco is expired
The requirement of sufficient packed bulk density, while also improving the aesthetic quality of tobacco.During Tobacco drying, the change pair of the humiture of tobacco
Processing physical quality and aesthetic quality in tobacco has more significant impact.Understand drying behavior of the tobacco in roller,
Have great importance for controlling drying process, exploitation exactly and improving drying system.
With the development of numerical computation technology, various drying models are widely used in describing the drying property of crops.
Newton、Page、Modified Page、Henderson and Pabis、Logarithmic、Two-term、Wang and
Singh and Midilli et al. develop various semiempiricals or empirical model.However, the composition of the equation of different models is poor
Different very big, specific model is preferable for the fitting effect of specific condition of experiment, when the scope of experiment condition changes or expanded,
As a result it would generally be deviated.Drying process of the suitable model evaluation tobacco in large scale industry roller how is selected, is this
The problem that art personnel face.
Industrial roller equipment is bulky, and the diameter of a typical industrial roller is about 1.9m, and length is about 9.6m.
During roller drying, the tobacco temperature and water parameters of charging aperture and discharging opening are only able to detect, for tobacco in roller
Specific change, those skilled in the art can not learn.How to know the drying behavior that tobacco occurs in roller, be also ability
The problem that field technique personnel face.
The content of the invention
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of roller drying experimental facilities, including：
Hole is provided with roller, the roller, the hole position is on the rotation axis of roller；With
Sampling apparatus, the sampling apparatus can pass in and out the barrel chamber of roller by the hole.
The advantage of above-mentioned roller drying experimental facilities is：It can be gathered using the equipment during roller Rotary drying
The tobacco sample dried.Because hole position is on the rotation axis of roller, sampling apparatus passes in and out the cylinder of roller by the hole
The rotation of roller is not interfered with during chamber, will not be disturbed by the rotation of roller, it is thus possible to successfully gather tobacco sample yet.By
It need not stop the rotation of roller when sampling, have little influence on the normal drying process of tobacco, the sample parameters ten so gathered
It is considerable, accurate to divide.
It can be gathered at different dry temperature using above-mentioned roller drying experimental facilities, the tobacco through different drying times
Physical and chemical parameter, these parameters set up Tobacco drying model significant for understanding the drying behavior of tobacco.
In one embodiment, the roller drying experimental facilities described in any one of the present invention, the sampling apparatus turnover
The rotation axis coincident of mobile route and roller during barrel chamber.
In one embodiment, set on the roller drying experimental facilities described in any one of the present invention, the sampling apparatus
It is equipped with open sample cell.
In one embodiment, the roller drying experimental facilities described in any one of the present invention, the sampling apparatus is one
In individual embodiment, the roller drying experimental facilities described in any one of the present invention, in addition to：
Temperature sensor (such as infrared temperature sensor), the temperature sensor is arranged on outside roller and positioned at the hole
Vicinity, for measure sampling apparatus collection drying sample temperature.
Said temperature sensor can quickly and accurately measure the temperature of tobacco sample.
In one embodiment, the roller drying experimental facilities according to any one of the present invention, the length of roller is
0.5~2m (such as 0.6m, 0.8m, 1m, 1.2m, 1.5m, 1.7m, 1.9m), a diameter of 1~3m (such as 1.5m, 1.9m, 2m,
2.5m)。
Inventor has found that the parameter detected using the roller of above-mentioned size is used to set up cigarette drying model, the standard of model
Exactness is very high.
In one embodiment, the length that sampling apparatus stretches into roller part is 0.5~1 times of drum length, for example
0.8~1 times.
Another aspect of the invention offer is a kind of to set up tobacco moisture percentage X and drying time t when tobacco is dried in roller
The method of functional relation, including：
A) during tobacco is dried using the roller drying experimental facilities of any one of the present invention, in different drying temperatures
TbUnder, in different drying time t, the tobacco sample in roller is gathered with sampling apparatus, and detect respectively each tobacco sample with
Lower parameter：Tobacco butt weight mt, tobacco water content mwWith tobacco temperature Tt；
B) according to step a) parameter, the REA models of Tobacco drying are set up, and tobacco moisture percentage X is determined according to REA models
With drying time t functional relation.
In one embodiment, the method described in any one of the present invention, tobacco temperature is tobacco surface temperature.
In one embodiment, the method described in any one of the present invention, in addition to：With sampling apparatus by the cigarette after detection
Careless sample is placed back into roller barrel chamber.
In one embodiment, the method described in any one of the present invention, step b) also includes：
- tobacco moisture percentage X is calculated,
- calculating tobacco moisture percentage changes over time rate
- calculating tobacco temperature changes over time rate
In one embodiment, the method described in any one of the present invention, step b) also includes：According in the drying process
The heat that dry gas is transmitted to tobacco be equal to caloric receptivity and tobacco moisture gasification caloric receptivity sum that tobacco heats up calculate with
Lower parameter：The heat transfer coefficient h at tobacco-dry gas interface.
Inventor has found, the heat transfer coefficient h for obtaining tobacco-dry gas interface is calculated using the above method, for setting up
Tobacco drying model, predicting the outcome for gained model is very accurate.
In one embodiment, the method described in any one of the present invention, step b) also includes calculating based on below equation
Drying temperature TbThe heat transfer coefficient h at the tobacco of lower drying time t-dry gas interfaceT,t：
Wherein,
A is the specific surface area of tobacco；
Cp,wFor the specific heat capacity of water；
Cp,tFor the specific heat capacity of tobacco；
ΔHwFor water latent heat.
In one embodiment, the method described in any one of the present invention, tobacco-dry gas is calculated by following steps
The heat transfer coefficient h at interface：
- in a drying temperature TbUnder, to different drying time t=t1、t2、t3…tnSampling detection, is solved
Different drying times corresponding tobacco heat transfer coefficientAverage, obtain
- in different drying temperature Tb=T1、T2、T3…TmSampling detection, obtains different drying temperatures correspondingAverage, obtain
In one embodiment, the method described in any one of the present invention, tobacco-dry gas is calculated by below equation
The mass tranfer coefficient h of the steam at interfacem：
DvFor the diffusivity of dry gas；
kbFor the thermal conductivity factor of dry gas；
ρbFor the density of dry gas.
In one embodiment, the method described in any one of the present invention, the REA models include
(X-Xe) functional relation, i.e.,
Wherein,
For drying temperature TbUnder saturated vapor concentration；
For tobacco temperature TtUnder saturated vapor concentration；
ρv,bFor drying temperature TbUnder vapour concentration；
A is the specific surface area of tobacco；
hmFor the mass tranfer coefficient of the steam at tobacco-dry gas interface；
XeFor equilibrium moisture content.
In one embodiment, the method for any one of present invention, g (X-Xe) it is unitary n equation of n th order n on X, preferably n
More than or equal to 3.
In one embodiment, the method for any one of present invention, tobacco moisture percentage X and drying time t functional relation
It is as follows：
Above-mentioned functional relation is particularly suitable for upper smoke tobacco leaf.
In one embodiment, the method for any one of present invention, tobacco moisture percentage X and drying time t functional relation
It is as follows：
Above-mentioned functional relation is particularly suitable for bottom cigarette tobacco leaf.
In one embodiment, the method for any one of present invention, tobacco moisture percentage X and drying time t functional relation
It is as follows：
U=165~170, V=75~80, W=11~13；
Preferably, the functional relation is as follows：
Above-mentioned functional relation is suitable for various tobacco leaves.
In one embodiment, the method for any one of present invention,Refer to relative activation.
In one embodiment, the method for any one of present invention,
In one embodiment, tobacco moisture percentage X and drying time t functional relation also includes following parameter：Tobacco
Temperature Tt。
In one embodiment, tobacco moisture percentage X and drying time t functional relation also includes following parameter：Dry
Temperature Tb。
In one embodiment, tobacco moisture percentage X and drying time t functional relation also includes following parameter：Balance
Moisture content Xe。
In one embodiment, the functional relation for setting up tobacco moisture percentage X and drying time t refers to：Tobacco is set up to contain
Water rate X, tobacco temperature TtWith drying time t functional relation.
In one embodiment, the functional relation for setting up tobacco moisture percentage X and drying time t refers to set up tobacco aqueous
Rate X, tobacco temperature Tt, drying temperature TbWith drying time t functional relation.
In one embodiment, heat transfer coefficient h=1.8~2.2Wm-2·K-1(such as 1.9,2.0,2.1Wm-2·
K-1)。
In one embodiment, mass tranfer coefficient hm=0.0020~0.0026ms-1(such as 0.002,0.0022,
0.0024、0.0026m·s-1)。
In one embodiment, equilibrium moisture content XeValue when moisture content reaches balance in roller for tobacco.
In one embodiment, equilibrium moisture content XeCalculating acquisition is carried out by below equation:
The equilibrium moisture content X measured according to different relative humidity RHeFit equation, obtains parameter C and D value.
In one embodiment, tobacco includes the one or more in tobacco leaf, offal, pipe tobacco, thin slice.
Another aspect of the invention provides water cut value X and drying time t when a kind of prediction tobacco is dried in industrial roller
Corresponding relation method, including：
1) the following parameter of tobacco is detected：Initial tobacco butt weight mt0, tobacco water content mw0, tobacco temperature Tt0, balance
Moisture content Xe, and calculate tobacco moisture percentageSet roller drying temperature Tt；
2) by mt0、mw0、Tt0、X0、Tt、XeIt is updated to the functional relation that the method described in any of the above-described of the present invention is set up
In, calculate acquisition tobacco moisture percentage and change over time rate
3) acquisition tobacco temperature is calculated according to following formula and changes over time rate
4) the tobacco moisture percentage X after a period of time Δ t is calculated according to following formula1With tobacco temperature Tt1：
Preferably, Δ t≤60s；
5) by step 4) calculate gained tobacco moisture percentage and tobacco temperature substitutes into step 2) functional relation, calculate after Δ t
Tobacco moisture percentage change over time rate
6) repeat step 2)~5), obtain water cut value X and drying time t corresponding relation.
In one embodiment, it is a kind of to predict water cut value X and drying time t when tobacco is dried in industrial roller
The method of corresponding relation, including：
1) the following parameter of tobacco is detected：Initial tobacco butt weight mt0, tobacco water content mw0, tobacco temperature Tt0, balance
Moisture content Xe, and calculate tobacco moisture percentageSet roller drying temperature Tt；
2) by mt0、mw0、Tt0、X0、Tt、XeIt is updated to tobacco moisture percentage X and drying time t when tobacco is dried in roller
In functional relation, calculate acquisition tobacco moisture percentage and change over time rate
3) acquisition tobacco temperature is calculated according to following formula and changes over time rate
4) the tobacco moisture percentage X after a period of time Δ t is calculated according to following formula1With tobacco temperature Tt1：
Preferably, Δ t≤60s；
5) by step 4) calculate gained tobacco moisture percentage and tobacco temperature substitutes into step 2) functional relation, calculate after Δ t
Tobacco moisture percentage change over time rate
6) repeat step 2)~5), obtain water cut value X and drying time t corresponding relation.
Tobacco moisture percentage X and drying time t functional relation are as follows when the tobacco is dried in roller：U=165~170, V=75~80,
W=11~13；
For drying temperature TbUnder saturated vapor concentration；
For tobacco dimension TtUnder saturated vapor concentration；
ρv,bFor drying temperature TbUnder vapour concentration；
A is the specific surface area of tobacco；
hmFor the mass tranfer coefficient of the steam at tobacco-dry gas interface；
XeFor equilibrium moisture content.
In one embodiment, tobacco moisture percentage X and drying time t function is closed when the tobacco is dried in roller
It is to be obtained by method any one of of the invention.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
One or more embodiments of the invention have following one or more of beneficial effect：
(1) using the roller drying experimental facilities created of the present invention, during reasonably and accurately have detected Tobacco drying
Parameters, and these parameters are used to set up tobacco moisture percentage and the function of drying time pass when tobacco is dried in roller
System；
(2) preferred REA models are used to assess when tobacco drum is dried tobacco moisture percentage and drying time in numerous models
Functional relation, achieve and accurately predict the outcome；Dry temperature and humidity conditions are all introduced into model by REA models is used as change
Amount, and obtain the REA characteristic fingerprint information of piece cigarette, that is, belong to relative activation (the Δ E/ Δs E of piece cigarettee) and Free water (X-Xe)
Relation, this relation do not influenceed by drying condition, only represent the drying property of material, hence in so that same set of REA models
Kinetic parameter can describe the piece cigarette Drying Dynamics behavior under the conditions of different dryings.And conventional semiempirical and experience is thin
The parameter that layer drying model can not be obtained in the drying property of piece cigarette, model is determined based on certain experiment condition, one
Some experiment condition of denier changes, and the parameter in model needs corresponding change, i.e., without versatility.
(3) it is determined that parameter h and hmWhen, without using conventional Classical Equation, because tobacco not has specification
Material, when it is calculated with Classical Equation, it may appear that error, and experimental data and energy of this patent in drying process
Measure conservation equation and calculate h and hm, h and h is reasonably and accurately determinedmValue so that model prediction result is accurate；
(4) tobacco moisture percentage and the functional relation of drying time predict tobacco through specific when being dried according to tobacco in roller
The relative deviation of moisture content after drying time, experiment value and predicted value is smaller, and respectively 2.5% and 1.7%.
(5) structure for the REA models that embodiment is used is simple, and required experimental data is few, can predict comprehensive drying
Condition bottom sheet cigarette Drying Dynamics behavior, and prediction is accurate quick.For tobacco enterprise, piece cigarette is obtained in comprehensive drying bar
Kinetic model of the kinetic model compared with piece cigarette under specific drying condition under part has more applicability.Because REA models are focused on
The drying property of material is obtained, the relation between its relative activation and Free water is determined by itself drying property of material
, do not influenceed by temperature and humidity conditions are dried, therefore it more conforms to the demand of tobacco enterprise.
(6) inventor creatively has found, for the tobacco of different cultivars, as long as determining the equilibrium moisture content of the tobacco,
With reference to the functional relation of the present invention, it is possible to predict drying time or moisture content of the tobacco during roller drying.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the part of the application, this hair
Bright schematic description and description is used to explain the present invention, does not constitute limitation of the invention.In the accompanying drawings：
The schematic diagram of the roller drying experimental facilities of Fig. 1 one embodiment,
Description of reference numerals：1 air blower；2 air flow meters；3 steam generators；4 steam-flow meters；5 electrically-controlled valves；
6 mixing chambers；7 mixing chamber temperature controllers；8 mixed gas quality flowmeters；9 inlet gas Hygrothermographs；10 bowl temperatures are controlled
Device；11 infrared temperature sensors；12 samplers；13 rollers；14 exit gas Hygrothermographs；15 moisture discharge devices；
The schematic diagram of Fig. 2 industry rollers and the roller of embodiment；
The partial schematic diagram of Fig. 3 roller drying experimental facilities；
Description of reference numerals：Roller 13；Hole 131；Cylinder rotational axis 132；Sampler 12；Sample cell 121；
The moisture content X of Fig. 4 upper smokes with drying time t change；
The moisture content X of Fig. 5 bottoms cigarette with drying time t change；
Fig. 6 differences are dried at temperature, and the tobacco temperature of upper smoke changes with time trend；
Fig. 7 differences are dried at temperature, and the tobacco temperature of bottom cigarette changes with time trend；
Fig. 8 equilibrium moisture contents XeWith temperature and the relation of relative humidity；
The relative activation E of Fig. 9 upper smokesv/Ev,eWith Free water X-XeDependency relation；
The relative activation E of Figure 10 bottoms cigarettev/Ev,eWith Free water X-XeDependency relation；
The dependency relation of relative activation and Free water after Figure 11 is unitized；
Figure 12 upper smokes are dried under the conditions of 105 DEG C/RH0.024, the contrast of experiment value and model predication value；
Figure 13 bottoms cigarette is dried under the conditions of 105 DEG C/RH0.024, the contrast of experiment value and model predication value；
Figure 14 central Henans cigarette is dried under the conditions of 105 DEG C/RH0.024, the contrast of experiment value and model predication value；
Figure 15 upper smokes are in 95 DEG C and 115 DEG C of dryings, relative humidity RH and equilibrium moisture content XePredict the outcome；
Figure 16 upper smokes are dried in 95 DEG C/RH0.034/320s and 115 DEG C/RH0.017/250s, moisture content X prediction knot
Really.
Embodiment
Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of 1.1 samples
Upper smoke and bottom cigarette from Sanming, Fujian Province, 48h, regulation are balanced by the chopping of tobacco leaf material after thermostatic constant wet chamber
It is stand-by to wet basis moisture content 23%.This 2 sample that grows tobacco has similar three-dimensional dimension：Average length 2cm, mean breadth
0.1cm, average thickness 0.018cm.
The surface area A of tobacco sample can be calculated by following formula and obtained：
M (kg) is the initial mass of pipe tobacco in formula, and the blockage effect of pipe tobacco in the drying process is not considered.Cigarette in this patent
The initial mass of silk is 2kg, As(m2) be single pipe tobacco surface area, Vs(m3) be single pipe tobacco volume, ρt(kg·m-3) be
The real density of pipe tobacco.The area and volume distributed median that single pipe tobacco is calculated according to the three-dimensional dimension of tobacco sample are 0.4756cm2
And 0.0036cm3.Assuming that the real density of upper smoke and bottom cigarette is 1.033g.cm-3, by the surface that can be calculated tobacco sample
Product A is 25.6m2。
1.2 roller drying experimental facilities
The industrial drum drying equipment that cigarette industry is used is a long 9.6m, diameter 1.9m drum dryer, and
During the industrially drying of tobacco, the pipe tobacco temperature and moisture content of roller inlet and outlet may only be detected, for pipe tobacco
The physicochemical change undergone in drums inside can not really be measured by sampling.
In order to set up tobacco moisture percentage and the functional relation of drying time when tobacco is dried in roller, the present embodiment is used
Roller drying experimental facilities as shown in Figure 1.The equipment includes：(1) air blower；(2) air flow meter；(3) steam is sent out
Raw device；(4) steam-flow meter；(5) electrically-controlled valve；(6) mixing chamber；(7) mixing chamber temperature controller；(8) mixed gas quality flow
Meter；(9) inlet gas Hygrothermograph；(10) bowl temperature controller；(11) infrared temperature sensor；(12) sampler；
(13) roller；(14) exit gas Hygrothermograph；(15) moisture discharge device；For the Rolling motor for rotating roller.
Wherein, air blower 1 is used for the input air of mixing chamber 6.Air flow meter 2 is input to mixing chamber for detection
The amount of air in 6.Steam generator 3 is used to input steam to mixing chamber 6.Steam-flow meter 4 is used to detect steam generator 3
The amount for the steam being input in mixing chamber 6.Electrically-controlled valve 5 is used for the amount for controlling steam generator 3 to input steam into mixing chamber 6.
Mixing chamber 6 provides the space of mixing for air and steam.Mixing chamber temperature controller 7 is used for the temperature for controlling mixing chamber 6.Mixing
Room 6 can input dry gas to roller 13.Mixed gas quality flowmeter 8 is used for the gas for controlling mixing chamber 6 to be input to roller 13
The flow of body.Air inlet and gas outlet are provided with roller 13.Inlet gas Hygrothermograph 9 is used for gas at measurement cylinder import
Humiture.Exit gas Hygrothermograph 14 is used for the humiture of measurement cylinder exit gas.Bowl temperature controller 10 is used for
Control the temperature in roller.Moisture discharge device 15 is used to exclude the moisture that roller excludes gas.
Fig. 3 shows the partial schematic diagram of Fig. 1 roller drying experimental facilities.As shown in figure 3, being provided with hole on roller 13
131, hole 131 is located on the rotation axis 132 of roller 13, and sampling apparatus 12 can pass in and out the barrel chamber of roller 13 by hole 131.Adopt
Mobile route when sampling device 12 passes in and out barrel chamber is overlapped with the rotation axis 132 of roller.It is provided with sampling apparatus 12 open
Sample cell 121, and sampling apparatus 12 is configured to overturn around the rotation axis 132 of roller 13.
Fig. 2 is industrial roller and the roller schematic diagram of embodiment.As shown in Fig. 2 the length about 9.6m of industrial roller, diameter
About 1.9m, can only detect physical and chemical parameter of the tobacco at entrance and exit, it is impossible to know specific dry row of the tobacco in roller
For.The a diameter of 1.9m for the roller that embodiment is used, length is 1m, so that motion state and reality of the pipe tobacco in drums inside
It is close, and it is easy to sampling.
1.3 tobacco drum drying experiments
As shown in figure 3, when experiment starts, equipment power supply everywhere being connected first, starts air blower 1 and Rolling motor.Pass through
Mixing chamber temperature controller 7 and the setting drying temperature of bowl temperature controller 10.Embodiment 1 is only passed through dry gas into roller
Body, without being passed through steam.Those skilled in the art can need to be passed through steam into roller according to technique, adjustment dry gas with
The ratio of steam, also belongs to technical scheme scope.The specific experiment parameter of embodiment 1 is as shown in table 1 below.
When whole system reaches setting value and after a period of stabilisation (30min), tobacco sample by sampler 12 once
Property is even added to inside roller 13.Specifically, the sample cell of sampler 12 upward, holds tobacco sample, then will sampling
Device 12 is stretched into roller by the hole 131 on roller 13, is overturn sampler 12, tobacco is dropped into roller, open simultaneously
Beginning timing.Time point set in advance (30,60,90,120,150,180,210,240,300,360,420,480,600,
720th, 840,960,1080,1200,1500 and 1800 seconds), sampler 12 is stretched into roller by the hole on roller,
Sample cell 121 upward, is kept for 5 seconds so that some tobacco samples fall in sample cell 121.Then, by sampler 12 and its adopt
The tobacco sample of collection takes out rapidly from roller, and determines the temperature of the tobacco sample taken out using infrared temperature sensor, will
It is used as tobacco temperature Tt.10g tobacco samples are then taken to be used to measure moisture content X from the sampling groove of sampler 12 again, will
Remaining tobacco sample is sent back in roller again in sampler.Using the average moisture content X of oven method measuring material.Connect down
Come, material mean temperature and moisture content to different preset time points are measured.Experiment under the conditions of each is repeated 3 times.
The parameter of the experiment condition of table 1
1.4 Tobacco drying kinetic models：REA models
Inventor is surprisingly it has been found that REA models are used to evaluate Tobacco drying behavior, and it is especially accurate to predict the outcome.
REA (Reaction Engineering Approach) model is simulated using the principle of Chemical Reaction Engineering
Drying Dynamics, it considers that the process that evaporation and condensation that drying process is a moisture are competed jointly, therefore for tobacco
Drying process, its rate of drying can be described by below equation：
In formula：
mwAnd m (kg)t(kg) be respectively water and tobacco quality；
TtFor tobacco temperature (the tobacco surface temperature of infrared temperature sensor detection in the present embodiment)；
X(kg·kg-1) be tobacco moisture content,
hm(m·s-1) it is mass tranfer coefficient；
A(m2) be tobacco surface area；
(kg·m-3) it is saturated vapor concentration on tobacco-dry gas interface；
ρv,b(kg·m-3) it is drying temperature TbUnder vapour concentration
ΔEv(J·mol-1) it is apparent activation energy.
REA model hypothesis are under different drying conditions, relative activationWith Free water (X-Xe) between relation
It is consistent, therefore when tobacco is dried under any conditions, relative activationWith Free water (X-Xe) relation it is as follows：
Balance activation energy (Δ Ev,e) can be by relative humidity RH=ρv/ρv,sat(T)With drying temperature (Tb) calculate obtain.
XeIt is equilibrium moisture content, can be obtained by the temperature and relative humidity calculation of dry gas, using Henderson side
Cheng Jinhang is calculated:
RH and PsCalculated by Antoine equations：
In formula：H is absolute humidity, and Ps (MPa) is saturated vapour pressure at this temperature, and C and D are equation parameter, can basis
Experimental data nonlinear fitting is obtained.
, can be according to compressed air according to the temperature of the compressed air of 1.3 part tables 1 and relative humidity (28 DEG C/0.77)
Temperature first Ps=0.003781 is calculated according to equation (7), then according to equation (6), calculate absolute humidity H=0.018342,
The lower relative humidity of temperature different afterwards, is calculated further according to equation (5) and (6).
According to equation (1) and (4), equation (3) is variable to be turned to:
Wherein dX/dt can be obtained from Tobacco drying experiment, ρv,sat(Tt)And ρv,sat(Tb)Can be by equation (9) and tobacco temperature
Spend (Tt) and dry gas temperature (Tb) calculate obtain.Saturated steam concentration can be expressed from the next:
In view of the abnormally-structured characteristic of tobacco itself, the present embodiment takes estimation heat transfer and mass transfer system by the method for experiment
Number.Further according to dimensionless parameter：Re, Nu, Pr and Sc, set up the dependency relation of heat transfer and mass tranfer coefficient.The heat transfer of the present embodiment
Coefficient (h) is calculated by following heat balance equation and obtained:
In formula：dTt/ dt is obtained by testing, Δ Hw(J·kg-1) it is water latent heat, Cp,wAnd Cp,t(J·kg-1·K-1)
It is the specific heat capacity of water and tobacco respectively.
Cp,t=1450+2724X (14)
Mass transfer system hmIt can be calculated and obtained by below equation:
Water vapor diffusion rate：
The specific heat capacity of dry gas：
The density of dry gas：
The thermal conductivity factor of dry gas：
The viscosity of dry gas：
In formula：Cp,b(J·kg-1·K-1) be dry gas specific heat capacity, Pr is Prandtl numbers, and Sc is Schmidt numbers, kb
(W·m-1·K-1) it is dry gas thermal conductivity factor, Dv(m2·s-1) be dry gas diffusion coefficient, ρb(kg·m-3)andμb
(kg·s-1·m-1) be respectively dry gas density and viscosity.
Pass through above equation, relative activation (Δ E/ Δs Ee) can be obtained by experimental data calculating, pass through one afterwards
First cubic equation fitting obtains relative activation (Δ E/ Δs Ee) and Free water (X-Xe) relation.Due to REA models it is emphasised that
The drying property of material, different materials, its relative activation (Δ E/ Δs Ee) and Free water (X-Xe) relation be it is different,
Therefore this relation is properly termed as the REA characteristic fingerprint information of material.
1.6 result of implementation
1.6.1 tobacco moisture percentage and tobacco temperature change with time relation
Fig. 4~7 show the change of tobacco moisture percentage and tobacco temperature under the conditions of different dryings with drying time.Fig. 4,5
Different drying temperature T are shown respectivelybUnder (65 DEG C, 85 DEG C, 105 DEG C, 125 DEG C, 145 DEG C), upper smoke and bottom cigarette tobacco are aqueous
Rate X with drying time change.Different drying temperature T are shown respectively in Fig. 6,7bUnder (65 DEG C, 85 DEG C, 105 DEG C, 125 DEG C, 145
DEG C), upper smoke, the tobacco temperature T of bottom cigarettetChange with time trend.From Fig. 4,5 as can be seen that drying temperature is to pipe tobacco
Rate of drying have significantly affect, drying temperature is higher, and rate of drying is faster, is finally reached stable state.From Fig. 6,7 can be with
Find out, in initial stage of drying, the temperature of tobacco is relatively low, and less than the wet-bulb temperature of the tobacco under similarity condition, dry gas is carried
The heat of tobacco is supplied more than the energy needed for moisture evaporation in tobacco, the temperature of tobacco is gradually increasing；When tobacco temperature rises
During to wet-bulb temperature, dry gas is supplied to the heat of tobacco to be equal to the energy in tobacco needed for moisture evaporation, tobacco temperature meeting
Stayed for some time in wet-bulb temperature：With dry progress, moisture evaporation is more and more difficult in tobacco, and dry gas is supplied to
The heat of tobacco is more than the energy needed for moisture evaporation in tobacco, and the temperature of tobacco starts rapid rising, when tobacco is dried to
During equilibrium moisture content, tobacco temperature rises to the temperature of dry gas.
1.6.2 tobacco equilibrium moisture content XeResult of calculation
From Fig. 4~7 as can be seen that tobacco reaches the time of equilibrium moisture content in 1200- at different dry temperature
1800s, this is due to same crop identical soil types, dose and environmental condition.But due to different illumination intensity and adopt
Between time receiving, upper and lower part cigarette shows different XeNumerical value.According to equation (5)-(7), the X of upper and lower part cigaretteeWith humiture
Fitting dependency relation as shown in figure 8, degree of fitting is respectively 0.9988 and 0.9998.By being fitted, the parameter C in equation (5)
It is as shown in table 2 below with D results.Because parameter C is very sensitive by exponential effect, so the parameter C value differences of upper smoke and bottom cigarette
It is different larger.
Table 2 parameter C and D result of calculation
1.6.3 the determination of heat transfer coefficient and mass tranfer coefficient
Using experimental data, and the heat transfer coefficient h at each moment can be obtained according to equation (11)T,t, afterwards by sometimes
The heat transfer coefficient at quarter is averaged, and obtains the equalization h under the conditions of different dryingsT,ave.Correspondence is calculated according to equation (15.1) dry
Mass tranfer coefficient h under the conditions of drymT、, result of calculation table 3 below.From the results shown in Table 3, heat transfer coefficient and mass tranfer coefficient by
The influence very little of drying condition, therefore right, the h of further upper smoke and bottom cigaretteT,aveAnd hmTAverage respectively.Further,
Value to upper smoke and bottom cigarette is averaged, and obtains heat transfer coefficient h and mass tranfer coefficient h overall under all drying conditionsm。
The result of calculation that table 3 conducts heat with mass tranfer coefficient
Inventor has found that heat treatment condition and tobacco varieties are to heat transfer coefficient h and mass tranfer coefficient hmInfluence it is unobvious.Hair
A person of good sense creatively uses h=2.0Wm-2·K-1And hm=0.0024ms-1Heat transfer coefficient and mass transfer system as tobacco
Number, for setting up REA models, it is very accurate to predict the outcome.
1.6.4 the dependency relation for setting up relative activation and moisture content (sets up tobacco when tobacco is dried in roller aqueous
Rate X and drying time t functional relation)
Below with upper smoke in TbThe experiment of roller drying carries out assignment citing under the conditions of=105 DEG C.
According to equation (8), relative activation of the tobacco under the conditions of different dryings can be calculated by drying curve and obtained, example
Such as
(1) the pipe tobacco temperature T at each moment can be obtained according to experimentt, moisture content X, and water-cut variation rate dX/
Dt, it is as shown in table 4 below.Drying temperature TbFor 105 DEG C of design temperature, tobacco quality mt is 1.55kg, mass tranfer coefficient hmFor
0.0024m·s-1, pipe tobacco surface area A is 25.6m2, equilibrium moisture content Xe=0.027.Correspondence cigarette can be calculated according to equation (9.1)
Saturated steam concentration ρ at a temperature of silkv,sat(Tt), it is dense according to the saturated steam under equation (9.2) calculating correspondence drying temperature
Spend ρv,sat(Tb)=0.688kg.m-3, the water vapor concentration ρ under the conditions of correspondence drying temperature is calculated according to equation (10)v,b=
0.0165kg.m-3.All data substitution equation (8) can be calculated to the relative activation Δ E for obtaining each momentv/ΔEv,e, such as
Shown in table 4 below.
Table 4
Fig. 9~11 illustrate relative activation (Δ Ev/ΔEv,e) and Free water (X-Xe) relation curve.Fig. 9 is top
The relative activation of cigarette and the dependency relation of Free water；Figure 10 is the relative activation of bottom cigarette and the dependency relation of Free water；
Figure 11 be upper smoke and bottom cigarette data it is unitized after relative activation and Free water dependency relation.
In the dry starting stage, relative activation is relatively low, and the Free water in tobacco is more, with dry continuation, water
Point constantly evaporation, the moisture in tobacco is reduced to equilibrium moisture content, and relative activation now is 1, illustrate it is dry reached it is flat
Weighing apparatus, does not continue to drying.From Fig. 9~11 as can be seen that under different drying conditions, relative activation (Δ E/ Δs Ee) with
Free water (X-Xe) relation curve essentially coincide, illustrate relative activation (Δ E/ Δs Ee) and Free water (X-Xe) relation by
The influence of drying condition can be ignored.It is fitted using simple cubic equation, it is as a result as follows：
Upper smoke (R2=0.9599)：
Bottom cigarette (R2=0.9456)：
Due in the actually generating of cigarette, it is necessary to be carried out after the pipe tobacco of different parts is mixed under the conditions of same dried
Dry, therefore this patent attempts to set up a unified relative activation (Δ E/ Δs Ee) and Free water (X-Xe) relation.Will be upper
The data of portion's cigarette and bottom cigarette are fitted simultaneously, see Figure 11, the equation square journey (25) after fitting：
Relative activation (Δ E/ Δs E after unitized processinge) and Free water (X-Xe) relation (R2=0.9501)：
1.6.5 the fitting result of model is contrasted with experiment value
By following steps, Tobacco drying parameter is imported into REA models, it is bent to the drying property of tobacco using REA models
Line is fitted：
(1) initial mass and moisture content and the temperature and humidity conditions of drying of tobacco, assignment all consistent with experiment condition；
(2) calculated according to experimental data and obtain relative activation and (Δ E/ Δs Ee) and Free water (X-Xe) unitary three times
Equation；
(3) rate of drying dX/dt is calculated according to equation (1), rate of temperature change dT is calculated according to equation (11)t/dt；
(4) rate of drying that the quality of subsequent time tobacco is obtained according to starting tobacco quality and calculating is tried to achieve；
(5) moisture content and temperature of subsequent time tobacco can be calculated according to step (4), (2)~(5) step is then repeated
Suddenly, the tobacco moisture percentage and temperature for obtaining drying overall process change with time value.
Assignment is illustrated, by taking 105 DEG C of dryings of upper smoke as an example：
(1) initial aqueous rate X is 0.29, pipe tobacco temperature TtFor 28 DEG C, drying temperature TbFor 105 DEG C, according to equation (5)~
(6) it is 0.024, equilibrium moisture content X to obtain now corresponding relative humidity RHeFor 0.027, then X-Xe=0.29-0.027=
0.263；
(2) initial (Δ E is calculated according to equation (25)v/ΔEv,e)=0.06855, Δ E is calculated according to equation (4)e=
11726.0J.mol-1, then Δ E nowv=0.06855 × 11726.0=803.8J.mol-1。
(3) ρ under corresponding temperature can be calculated respectively according to equation (9.1) and (9.2)v,sat(Tt)And ρv,sat(Tb), value is respectively
0.027kg.m-3And 0.688kg.m-3, then ρv,bIt can be calculated according to equation (10) and obtain ρv,b=0.688 × 0.024=
0.0165kg.m-3.Mass tranfer coefficient hmFor 0.0024ms-1, pipe tobacco surface area A is 25.6m2.All data are substituted into equation
(1), calculate and obtain dX/dt=-0.00013s-1；Heat transfer coefficient h is 2.0Wm-2·K-1, originate the quality m of pipe tobaccotFor
1.55kg, the quality m of starting moisturewFor 0.45kg.The latent heat of vaporization Δ H of waterwBy equation (12) calculate obtain, be worth for-
2365.27KJ·kg-1.The specific heat capacity of water and tobacco is calculated by equation (13) and (14) and obtained, and value is respectively Cp,w=
4190.58J·kg-1·K-1And Cp,t=2240Jkg-1·K-1.All data are substituted into equation (11), calculating obtains dTt/dt
=0.648K.s-1。
(4) using 10s as a calculating cycle, subsequent time 10s moisture content X=0.29+10 × dX/dt=0.289, cigarette
Silk temperature Tt=28+10 × dTt/ dt=34.48 DEG C, the moisture content and tobacco temperature during 10s are obtained according to step (4).
(5) (2)~(4) step is repeated, the tobacco moisture percentage and temperature for obtaining drying overall process change with time value, see
Shown in table 5 below.
The rate of drying that REA models are predicted is contrasted with pipe tobacco temperature and experiment value.Figure 12 and 13 is shown respectively
Upper smoke is under 105 DEG C/RH0.024 drying conditions and bottom cigarette is under 85 DEG C/RH0.050 drying conditions REA models
With the comparison diagram of experimental measurements.It can be seen that for different tobaccos, REA models under different experimental conditions
Can Accurate Prediction tobacco butt moisture and temperature with drying time variation tendency；The butt moisture of tobacco and
The predicted value and experimental measurements of temperature are closely.
In REA models, relative activation (Δ E/ Δs Ee) and Free water (X-Xe) relation be considered different dried objects
The finger-print of matter, due to the difference of the physicalchemical structure of different dry matters, its relative activation (Δ showed
E/ΔEe) and Free water (X-Xe) relation it is also different.Although upper smoke and bottom cigarette can obtain respective relative activation
(ΔE/ΔEe) and Free water (X-Xe) relation, but it is unitized after relative activation (Δ E/ Δs Ee) and Free water (X-
Xe) relation the drying behavior of upper smoke and bottom cigarette can also be simulated, and simulation effect preferably, this explanation upper smoke
Tobacco is belonged to bottom cigarette, overall drying property difference is little between them, and mainly determine that upper smoke and bottom cigarette are dry
Dry characteristic is different equilibrium moisture contents between them.In order to verify this inference, with the relative activation after unitized
(ΔE/ΔEe) and Free water (X-Xe) relation, i.e. equation (25), to central Henan cigarette 105 DEG C/RH0.024 drying row
To be simulated, equilibrium moisture content X noweIt is that 0.031, Figure 14 shows central Henan cigarette under the conditions of 105 DEG C/RH0.024
The comparing result figure of drying experiment value and REA predicted values, is substantially conformed to it can be seen that predicting the outcome with experimental result.
Therefore, inventor creatively has found, as long as determining equilibrium moisture content of the pipe tobacco under for temperature and humidity conditions after mixing, according to
Equation (25) can just predict the drying behavior of pipe tobacco after mixing.
2.4.5 the practical application of model
In a specific embodiment, the time required to prediction Tobacco drying to specific moisture content.
, it is necessary to which tobacco moisture is removed into 12.0 ± 1.0% from 22.5 ± 0.1% in tobacco industry drying process.Can
See, it is vital to monitor and control outlet moisture content stable under the conditions of different dryings.Therefore, utilizing above-mentioned foundation
REA model prediction upper smoke tobaccos dry the time required during to 12.0% at 95 DEG C and115 DEG C.Pass through equation (4)-(6)
Calculate relative humidity and X of the tobacco at 95 DEG C and115 DEG Ce, as a result as shown in figure 15.Figure 16 be upper smoke 95 DEG C/
RH0.034/320s and 115 DEG C/RH0.017/250s dries predicting the outcome for lower moisture content.Figure 16 as can be seen from Figure 16, on
The time difference that portion cigarette tobacco needs when being dried under the conditions of 95 DEG C/RH0.034and, 115 DEG C/RH0.017 to moisture content 12%
It is 320 and 250s.
Experiment detection：Respectively in drying experiment under the conditions of 95 DEG C/RH0.034and, 115 DEG C/RH0.017, and 320
It is respectively 12.3% and 11.8% to measure moisture content with 250s samplings, and the relative deviation with predicted value is 2.5% and 1.7%, symbol
Close technic index requirement.It follows that the tobacco moisture percentage and the functional relation of drying time that the present invention is set up are very accurate.
Parameter accounting equation used in above example is as follows：
Dry gas：
Dry gas specific heat capacity Cp,b(J·kg-1·K-1),
Dry gas density pb(kg·m-3),
Dry gas viscosity, mub(kg·s-1·m-1),
Dry gas thermal conductivity factor kb(W·m-1·K-1),
Vapor：
Water vapor diffusion rate Dv(m2·s-1),
Saturated vapor concentration on tobacco-dry gas interface(kg·m-3),
Water：
The latent heat of vaporization Δ H of waterw(J·kg-1),
The specific heat capacity C of waterp,w(J·kg-1·K-1),
Pipe tobacco：
The specific heat capacity C of pipe tobaccop,t(J·kg-1·K-1),
Cp,t=1450+2724X
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical scheme of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof；To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments for pipe, those of ordinary skills in the art should understand that：Still
The embodiment of the present invention can be modified or equivalent substitution is carried out to some technical characteristics；Without departing from this hair
The spirit of bright technical scheme, it all should cover among claimed technical scheme scope of the invention.
Claims (16)
1. a kind of roller drying experimental facilities, including：
Hole is provided with roller, the roller, the hole position is on the rotation axis of roller；With
Sampling apparatus, the sampling apparatus can pass in and out the barrel chamber of roller by the hole.
2. roller drying experimental facilities according to claim 1, mobile route during the sampling apparatus turnover barrel chamber with
The rotation axis coincident of roller.
3. it is provided with open sample cell on roller drying experimental facilities according to claim 1, the sampling apparatus.
4. roller drying experimental facilities according to claim 3, the sampling apparatus is configured to the rotation around roller
Shaft axis are overturn.
5. roller drying experimental facilities according to claim 1, in addition to：
Temperature sensor (such as infrared temperature sensor), the temperature sensor is arranged on outside roller and positioned at the attached of the hole
Closely, for the temperature for the drying sample for measuring sampling apparatus collection.
6. roller drying experimental facilities according to claim 1, the length of roller is 0.5~2m, a diameter of 1~3m.
7. a kind of method for setting up tobacco moisture percentage X and drying time t functional relation when tobacco is dried in roller, including：
C) during the roller drying experimental facilities of usage right requirement 1~6 dries tobacco, in different drying temperature TbUnder,
In different drying time t, the tobacco sample in roller is gathered with sampling apparatus, and detect the following ginseng of each tobacco sample respectively
Number：Tobacco butt weight mt, tobacco water content mwWith tobacco temperature Tt；
D) according to step a) parameter, the REA models of Tobacco drying are set up, and determine tobacco moisture percentage X with doing according to REA models
Dry time t functional relation.
8. method according to claim 7, in addition to：The tobacco sample after detection is placed back into roller cylinder with sampling apparatus
In chamber.
9. method according to claim 7, step b) also includes：
- tobacco moisture percentage X is calculated,
- calculating tobacco moisture percentage changes over time rate
- calculating tobacco temperature changes over time rate
10. method according to claim 7, step b) also includes：Passed according to dry gas in the drying process to tobacco
The caloric receptivity that the heat passed is equal to tobacco heating calculates following parameter with tobacco moisture gasification caloric receptivity sum：Tobacco-drying
The heat transfer coefficient h of gas interface.
11. method according to claim 10, step b) also includes calculating drying temperature T based on below equationbWhen lower dry
Between t tobacco-dry gas interface heat transfer coefficient hT,t：
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Wherein,
A is the specific surface area of tobacco；
Cp,wFor the specific heat capacity of water；
Cp,tFor the specific heat capacity of tobacco；
ΔHwFor water latent heat.
12. method according to claim 11, the heat transfer coefficient h at tobacco-dry gas interface is calculated by following steps：
- in a drying temperature TbUnder, to different drying time t=t1、t2、t3…tnSampling detection,
Solve different drying times corresponding tobacco heat transfer coefficientAverage, obtain
- in different drying temperature Tb=T1、T2、T3…TmSampling detection, obtains different drying temperatures correspondingAverage, obtain
13. method according to claim 12, the mass transfer of the steam at tobacco-dry gas interface is calculated by below equation
Coefficient hm：
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DvFor the diffusivity of dry gas；
kbFor the thermal conductivity factor of dry gas；
ρbFor the density of dry gas.
14. the method according to any one of claim 7~13, the REA models include(X-Xe) function close
System, i.e.,
Wherein,
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For drying temperature TbUnder saturated vapor concentration；
For tobacco dimension TtUnder saturated vapor concentration；
ρv,For drying temperature TbUnder vapour concentration；
A is the specific surface area of tobacco；
hmFor the mass tranfer coefficient of the steam at tobacco-dry gas interface；
XeFor equilibrium moisture content.
15. a kind of method for predicting water cut value X and drying time t corresponding relation when tobacco is dried in industrial roller, bag
Include：
1) the following parameter of tobacco is detected：Initial tobacco butt weight mt0, tobacco water content mw0, tobacco temperature Tt0, and calculate cigarette
Careless moisture contentSet roller drying temperature Tt；
2) by mt0、mw0、Tt0、X0、TtIt is updated to the functional relation that the method according to any one of claim 7~14 is set up
In, calculate acquisition tobacco moisture percentage and change over time rate
3) acquisition tobacco temperature is calculated according to following formula and changes over time rate
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4) the tobacco moisture percentage X after a period of time Δ t is calculated according to following formula1With tobacco temperature Tt1：
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<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>dt</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
Preferably, Δ t≤60s；
5) by step 4) calculate gained tobacco moisture percentage and tobacco temperature substitutes into step 2) functional relation, calculate the cigarette after Δ t
Careless moisture content changes over time rate
6) repeat step 2)~5), obtain water cut value X and drying time t corresponding relation.
16. a kind of method for predicting water cut value X and drying time t corresponding relation when tobacco is dried in industrial roller, bag
Include：
1) the following parameter of tobacco is detected：Initial tobacco butt weight mt0, tobacco water content mw0, tobacco temperature Tt0, balance aqueous
Rate Xe, and calculate tobacco moisture percentageSet roller drying temperature Tt；
2) by mt0、mw0、Tt0、X0、Tt、XeIt is updated to the function of tobacco moisture percentage X and drying time t when tobacco is dried in roller
In relation, calculate acquisition tobacco moisture percentage and change over time rate
3) acquisition tobacco temperature is calculated according to following formula and changes over time rate
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<mo>)</mo>
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<mi>m</mi>
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<mi>C</mi>
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4) the tobacco moisture percentage X after a period of time Δ t is calculated according to following formula1With tobacco temperature Tt1：
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<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
Preferably, Δ t≤60s；
5) by step 4) calculate gained tobacco moisture percentage and tobacco temperature substitutes into step 2) functional relation, calculate the cigarette after Δ t
Careless moisture content changes over time rate
6) repeat step 2)~5), obtain water cut value X and drying time t corresponding relation.
Tobacco moisture percentage X and drying time t functional relation are as follows when the tobacco is dried in roller：U=165~170, V=75~
80, W=11~13；
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For drying temperature TbUnder saturated vapor concentration；
For tobacco dimension TtUnder saturated vapor concentration；
ρv,bFor drying temperature TbUnder vapour concentration；
A is the specific surface area of tobacco；
hmFor the mass tranfer coefficient of the steam at tobacco-dry gas interface；
XeFor equilibrium moisture content.
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| CN110973680A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-04-10 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Method and system for stabilizing processing strength of drum-type cut tobacco drying machine |
| CN114642268A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-06-21 | 张家口卷烟厂有限责任公司 | Cut tobacco drying intelligent control system and method based on volatile moisture content |
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