CN107178104B

CN107178104B - Excavator for working on slope based on motor control bucket rotation

Info

Publication number: CN107178104B
Application number: CN201710579341.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯林
Original assignee: Qianlima Construction Machinery Remanufacturing Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Qianlima Construction Machinery Remanufacturing Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2017-07-17
Filing date: 2017-07-17
Publication date: 2020-11-24
Anticipated expiration: 2037-07-17
Also published as: CN107178104A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of buckets, and particularly relates to an excavator for working on a slope, which controls the rotation of a bucket based on a motor, and comprises a bucket mechanism, a shovel arm mechanism and an excavator base mechanism, wherein the shovel arm mechanism is arranged on the upper side of the excavator base mechanism; the bucket mechanism is arranged at one end of the shovel arm mechanism; the bucket mechanism has the advantages that the bucket mechanism can be used for construction operation on hard soil or frozen soil and is easy to break the soil; the shovel arm mechanism is used for fixing the bucket mechanism and driving the bucket mechanism to work; the excavator base mechanism is used for fixing the shovel arm mechanism and can realize excavation operation in any direction; the excavator has the functions of excavating on a flat road and a slope, and can effectively prevent the excavator from turning over when acting on the slope; meanwhile, the hard soil can be operated on a flat plane or an inclined plane.

Description

Excavator for working on slope based on motor control bucket rotation

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of buckets, and particularly relates to an excavator for working on a slope, wherein the excavator is used for controlling the bucket to rotate based on a motor.

Background

The existing excavator is simple in structure and single in function in bucket design; the existing excavator cannot adapt to soft soil, hard soil and frozen soil in the working process; when the excavator works on the slope of frozen soil, the hardness of the ground is high, so that a large reaction force acts on a bucket of the excavator, the excavator is very easy to overturn, and the excavator for working on the slope is required to be designed based on the motor to control the rotation of the bucket.

The present invention is directed to solving the above problems in an excavator for work on a slope based on a motor controlling the rotation of a bucket.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention discloses an excavator for working on a slope, which controls a bucket to rotate based on a motor, and the excavator is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

An excavator for work on a slope with a bucket rotation controlled based on a motor, characterized in that: the excavator shovel arm mechanism is arranged on the upper side of the excavator base mechanism; the bucket mechanism is mounted at one end of the shovel arm mechanism.

The shovel arm mechanism comprises a first hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic tank, a pushing circular plate, a first fixing block, a second hydraulic cylinder, a second fixing block, supporting arms, a telescopic arm, a telescopic shell, a sliding chute, a return spring, a hydraulic rod, a first oil cavity, a hydraulic cylinder shell, a first fixing plate, a second oil cavity, a sliding block and a long guide groove, wherein the two supporting arms are symmetrically arranged at one end of the upper side of the excavator base mechanism; the second fixing block is arranged on the two supporting arms; one end of the telescopic shell is arranged between the two supporting arms through a cylindrical pin, and the end of the telescopic shell is positioned at the upper ends of the supporting arms; one end of the second hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the upper end face of the second fixed block, and the other end of the second hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the telescopic shell; two sliding chutes are symmetrically arranged on the side surface of the telescopic shell; the two sliding blocks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the telescopic arm; the telescopic arm is arranged on the telescopic shell through the matching of the sliding block and the sliding groove; the return spring is positioned in the telescopic shell, one end of the return spring is arranged on the inner end surface of the telescopic shell, and the other end of the return spring is arranged on the telescopic arm; the first fixed block is arranged on the upper side of the telescopic shell; one end of the first hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the first fixing block; the side surface of the first fixed plate is arranged at one end of the telescopic shell; one end of the hydraulic cylinder shell is arranged on the first fixing plate; the pushing circular plate is positioned in the hydraulic cylinder shell, and the outer circular surface of the pushing circular plate is matched with the inner circular surface of the hydraulic cylinder shell; one end of the hydraulic rod is arranged on the pushing circular plate, and the other end of the hydraulic rod penetrates through a hole in the hydraulic cylinder shell; the circular plate is pushed to divide an inner cavity on the hydraulic shell into a first oil cavity and a second oil cavity; the hydraulic tank is arranged on the side surface of the telescopic shell; the hydraulic rod is connected with the telescopic arm through a speed change mechanism.

The speed change mechanism comprises a square block, a guide bar, a first rack, a second fixing plate, a second rack, a fixing shaft, a first gear and a second gear, wherein the second rack is arranged on the telescopic arm; the fixed shaft is arranged in a shaft hole on the second fixed plate; the first gear is arranged on the fixed shaft and is meshed with the second rack; the second gear is arranged on the fixed shaft and is positioned on the upper side of the first gear; one end of the first rack is arranged on the end face of the hydraulic rod, and the first rack is meshed with the second gear; the side surface of the square block is provided with a long guide groove; the square block is arranged on the upper end face of the second fixing plate, and the long guide groove is opposite to the first rack; one side of the guide strip is arranged on the first rack, and the other side of the guide strip is arranged in the long guide groove; the diameter of the first gear is 1/3 times the diameter of the second gear.

The bucket mechanism comprises an annular motor, a spherical rotating mechanism, a spherical bucket shell, small support lugs and large support lugs, wherein the two large support lugs are symmetrically arranged at the center of the upper end surface of the spherical bucket shell; the two small support lugs are symmetrically arranged on the upper end surface of the spherical bucket shell, and the two small support lugs are positioned on the front sides of the two large support lugs; two large lugs on the spherical bucket shell are matched and installed with the telescopic arm through cylindrical pins; the two small support lugs are connected with the first hydraulic cylinder through cylindrical pins; the annular motor is arranged on the two large support lugs, and the axis of the annular motor is superposed with the axis of the spherical bucket shell; the spherical rotating mechanism is arranged on the lower side of the annular motor, and the axis of the spherical rotating mechanism is superposed with the axis of the annular motor.

The spherical rotating mechanism comprises a first fixing ring, a second fixing ring, a third fixing ring, a fourth fixing ring, a fifth fixing ring, a sixth fixing ring, a first spring, a centrifugal block, a first guide groove, a first accommodating hole, a drill bit, a second spring, a second guide block, a first guide block, a second accommodating hole and a second guide groove, wherein 5 groups of through holes are formed in the outer spherical surface of the spherical rotating shell from top to bottom in sequence; a plurality of holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of each group of through holes; a first fixing ring, a second fixing ring, a third fixing ring, a fourth fixing ring, a fifth fixing ring and a sixth fixing ring are sequentially arranged on the inner spherical surface of the spherical rotating shell from top to bottom; the first fixing ring, the second fixing ring, the third fixing ring, the fourth fixing ring and the fifth fixing ring are matched with a corresponding group of through holes; the upper structures and the mounting structures of the first fixing ring, the second fixing ring, the third fixing ring, the fourth fixing ring and the fifth fixing ring are completely the same, and the first fixing ring is used; a plurality of first accommodating holes are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction of the outer circular surface of the first fixing ring, and the first accommodating holes are communicated with corresponding through holes in the spherical rotating shell; the mounting structure of each first accommodating hole is completely the same, and for any one of the first accommodating holes, two first guide grooves are symmetrically formed in the inner circular surface of the first accommodating hole; the two first guide blocks are symmetrically arranged on the outer circular surface of the centrifugal block; the centrifugal block is arranged in the first accommodating hole through the matching of the two first guide blocks and the first guide groove; the first spring is positioned in the first accommodating hole; one end of the first spring is arranged on the inner end surface of the first accommodating hole, and the other end of the first spring is arranged on the centrifugal block; a plurality of second accommodating holes are uniformly formed in the lower end face of the sixth fixing ring in the circumferential direction; the structures of the upper parts of the second accommodating holes and the installation structures thereof are completely the same, and for any one of the second accommodating holes, two second guide grooves are symmetrically formed on the inner circular surface of the second accommodating hole; the two second guide blocks are symmetrically arranged on the outer circular surface of the drill bit; the drill bit is arranged in the second accommodating hole through the matching of the two second guide blocks and the second guide groove, and the conical surface of the drill bit does not completely extend out of the second accommodating hole; the second spring is located in the second accommodating hole, one end of the second spring is installed on the inner end face of the second accommodating hole, and the other end of the second spring is installed on the drill bit.

As a further improvement of the present technology, the first spring is an extension spring; the second spring is a compression spring.

As a further improvement of the present technique, an alternative to the above-described ring motor is a ram hydraulic motor.

As a further improvement of the present technology, the drive device on the excavator base mechanism is a crawler type or a wheel type.

As a further improvement of the technology, the outer spherical surface of the spherical rotating shell is provided with a plurality of 0.3mm lugs, so that the soil can be softer.

As a further improvement of the present technology, as an alternative to the above-mentioned first gear having a diameter 1/3 times the diameter of the second gear, the diameter of the first gear is 1/4 times the diameter of the second gear.

As a further improvement of the present technology, the first gear is mounted on the fixed shaft by a key; the second gear is mounted on the fixed shaft by a key.

As a further improvement of the present technology, the filler existing among the first fixing ring, the second fixing ring, the third fixing ring, the fourth fixing ring, and the fifth fixing ring has a function of preventing soil from entering into a gap between the first fixing ring, the second fixing ring, the third fixing ring, the fourth fixing ring, and the fifth fixing ring.

Compared with the traditional bucket technology, the shovel arm mechanism has the functions of fixing the bucket mechanism and driving the bucket mechanism to work; the two supporting arms are arranged at one end of the upper side of the excavator base mechanism and are used for fixing the telescopic shell and the second fixing block; one end of the telescopic shell is arranged between the two supporting arms through the cylindrical pin, so that the telescopic shell can rotate around the cylindrical pin under the action of the second hydraulic cylinder; when the excavator works on hard soil, the spherical bucket shell is acted by the ground, and the spherical bucket shell can push the sliding block on the telescopic arm to move along the sliding groove on the telescopic shell; the return spring is positioned in the telescopic shell, one end of the return spring is arranged on the inner end surface of the telescopic shell, and the other end of the return spring is arranged on the telescopic arm and is used for exerting a restoring force on the telescopic arm; the moving telescopic arm drives the second rack arranged on the telescopic arm to move; the moving second rack will drive the first gear to move; the first gear drives the fixed shaft arranged in the shaft hole on the second fixed plate to rotate; the rotating fixed shaft drives the second gear to move; the moving second gear drives a guide bar on a first rack arranged at one end of the hydraulic rod to move along a long guide groove on the square; the moving first rack can drive the hydraulic rod to move; the moving hydraulic rod drives the pushing circular plate arranged on the moving hydraulic rod to move; the moving push disc will cause the space in the first oil chamber to decrease; the reduced space will allow hydraulic oil in the first oil chamber to pass through the conduit into the ring motor; the moving motor shell drives the spherical rotating shell arranged below the motor shell to move; the moving spherical rotating shell drives the first fixing ring, the second fixing ring, the third fixing ring, the fourth fixing ring, the fifth fixing ring and the sixth fixing ring to move; the moving first fixing ring, the second fixing ring, the third fixing ring, the fourth fixing ring and the fifth fixing ring can drive the centrifugal block arranged in the first accommodating hole to move; the moving centrifugal block is acted by centrifugal force, so that the first guide block on the centrifugal block moves along the first guide groove formed in the first accommodating hole; so that the centrifugal block can extend out of the first accommodating hole; the end face of the centrifugal block is provided with a conical surface, and the centrifugal block can loosen the soil of hard soil, so that the purpose of loosening the soil is achieved, and the bucket mechanism can smoothly enter the hard soil layer; the spherical rotating shell moving at the same time drives the sixth fixing ring arranged on the spherical rotating shell to move; the moving sixth fixing ring drives the drill bit in the second accommodating hole on the sixth fixing ring to move; the moving drill bit can drill hard soil or a soil layer, so that the purposes of loosening the soil and facilitating the bucket mechanism to enter the soil layer are achieved; the conical surface of the drill bit does not extend out of the second accommodating hole, so that when hard objects exist in soil, the hard objects can apply force to the conical surface of the drill bit, and the second guide block on the drill bit can move along the second guide groove formed in the second accommodating hole; the drill bit can enter the second accommodating hole, so that the aim of protecting the drill bit is fulfilled; the first spring is used for providing acting force for the centrifugal block when the centrifugal block returns; when dealing with soft soil, the acting force of the soft soil on the spherical bucket shell will not push the telescopic arm to move; so that the telescopic arm can not drive the second rack to move; thereby not driving the annular motor to rotate; the ring motor does not rotate; a centrifugal force action on the centrifugal block is avoided; so that the centrifugal block is positioned in the first accommodating hole; thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the resistance action of the soft soil on the bucket mechanism; the hydraulic tank is arranged on the side surface of the telescopic shell and is used for containing hydraulic oil discharged by the annular motor; the diameter of the first gear is 1/3 times of that of the second gear, so that the movement displacement of the telescopic arm which is 3 times is amplified, more hydraulic oil can enter the annular motor, and the purpose of driving the annular motor to move is achieved.

In the using process, when the excavator works on a soft slope, the second rack arranged on the telescopic arm cannot be driven to move by the acting force of the slope on the bucket mechanism, so that the first gear, the fixed shaft, the second gear, the first rack and the hydraulic rod cannot be driven to move by the second rack; the hydraulic rod does not move, and hydraulic oil in the first oil cavity cannot be conveyed into the annular motor; therefore, the motor shell cannot drive the spherical rotating shell to move, and the first fixing ring, the second fixing ring, the third fixing ring, the fourth fixing ring and the fifth fixing ring cannot move, so that the centrifugal block cannot be acted by centrifugal force at the moment, and the centrifugal block cannot come out of the first accommodating hole at the moment; meanwhile, the spherical rotating shell does not move, so that the sixth fixing ring does not move; therefore, the drill bit can not move at the moment, and the bucket mechanism works normally like the traditional bucket mechanism at the moment; when the excavator works on a slope of hard soil, the acting force of the slope on the bucket mechanism drives the second rack arranged on the telescopic arm to move, so that the second rack can sequentially drive the first gear, the fixed shaft, the second gear, the first rack and the hydraulic rod to move; the hydraulic rod moves, and the hydraulic rod enables hydraulic oil in the first oil cavity to be conveyed into the annular motor; at the moment, the space in the annular motor will change, the motor shell will drive the spherical rotating shell to move, and the first fixing ring, the second fixing ring, the third fixing ring, the fourth fixing ring and the fifth fixing ring will all move, so that the centrifugal block at the moment is under the action of centrifugal force, and the centrifugal block at the moment can come out of the first accommodating hole; the centrifugal block will loosen the soil; so that the bucket mechanism can dig up soil with less force; at the same time, the movement of the spherical rotating shell will make the sixth fixed ring move; therefore, the drill bit can move at the moment, the drill bit can loosen hard soil, the bucket mechanism can smoothly enter the soil with small force to dig the soil, and the situation that the excavator turns over on the hard soil is prevented.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall component distribution.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a bucket mechanism mounting structure.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a second hydraulic cylinder mounting structure.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the shovel arm mechanism.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a spherical rotating mechanism.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a telescopic case mounting structure.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a spherical bucket shell mounting structure.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a second spring structure.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a spherical rotating shell mounting structure.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an installation structure of a centrifugal block.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a first fixing ring mounting structure.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a spherical bucket shell configuration.

Fig. 13 is a schematic view of a spherical rotating shell structure.

Fig. 14 is a schematic view of a first guide block mounting structure.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of a second retainer ring mounting arrangement.

Fig. 16 is a schematic view of a hydraulic rod mounting structure.

Fig. 17 is a schematic view of a first gear mounting structure.

Fig. 18 is a schematic view of a slider mounting structure.

Fig. 19 is a schematic view of a second guide block mounting structure.

Fig. 20 is a schematic view of a first accommodation hole mounting structure.

Fig. 21 is a schematic view of a return spring mounting structure.

FIG. 22 is a schematic block diagram.

Number designation in the figures: 1. a bucket mechanism; 2. a shovel arm mechanism; 3. an excavator base mechanism; 4. a first hydraulic cylinder; 5. a first fixed block; 7. a second hydraulic cylinder; 8. a second fixed block; 9. a support arm; 14. an annular motor; 15. a spherical rotating mechanism; 16. a telescopic arm; 17. a telescoping shell; 19. a chute; 20. a return spring; 27. a small lug; 29. a big lug; 30. a square block; 31. a spherical bucket shell; 36. a first retaining ring; 37. a second retaining ring; 38. a third fixing ring; 39. a fourth retaining ring; 40. a fifth retaining ring; 41. a sixth retaining ring; 42. a spherical rotating shell; 43. a first spring; 44. a centrifugal block; 45. a first guide groove; 46. a first accommodation hole; 47. a drill bit; 65. conducting bars; 66. a first rack; 67. a hydraulic lever; 68. a first oil chamber; 69. a hydraulic cylinder housing; 70. a first fixing plate; 71. a second oil chamber; 72. a second fixing plate; 73. a second rack; 74. a fixed shaft; 75. a first gear; 76. a second gear; 77. a slider; 78. a second spring; 79. a second guide block; 80. a long guide groove; 81. a first guide block; 85. a second accommodation hole; 86. a second guide groove; 89. pushing the circular plate; 90. a hydraulic tank; 95. a speed change mechanism.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, it comprises a bucket mechanism 1, a shovel arm mechanism 2 and an excavator base mechanism 3, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, wherein the shovel arm mechanism 2 is arranged on the upper side of the excavator base mechanism 3; the bucket mechanism 1 is mounted on one end of the arm mechanism 2.

As shown in fig. 4 and 6, the shovel arm mechanism 2 includes a first hydraulic cylinder 4, a hydraulic tank 90, a pushing circular plate 89, a first fixed block 5, a second hydraulic cylinder 7, a second fixed block 8, a supporting arm 9, a telescopic arm 16, a telescopic shell 17, a sliding chute 19, a return spring 20, a hydraulic rod 67, a first oil chamber 68, a hydraulic cylinder shell 69, a first fixed plate 70, a second oil chamber 71, a sliding block 77, and a long guide groove 80, as shown in fig. 4 and 6, wherein the two supporting arms 9 are symmetrically installed at one end of the upper side of the excavator base mechanism 3; as shown in fig. 4 and 6, the second fixing block 8 is mounted on the two supporting arms 9; as shown in fig. 4 and 6, one end of the telescopic shell 17 is installed between the two supporting arms 9 through a cylindrical pin, and the end of the telescopic shell 17 is located at the upper ends of the supporting arms 9; one end of the second hydraulic cylinder 7 is arranged on the upper end surface of the second fixed block 8, and the other end is arranged on the telescopic shell 17; as shown in fig. 4 and 6, two sliding grooves 19 are symmetrically formed on the side surface of the shell; two sliding blocks 77 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the telescopic arm 16; as shown in fig. 21, the telescopic arm 16 is mounted on the telescopic housing 17 by the engagement of the slider 77 with the slide groove 19; as shown in fig. 21 and 18, the return spring 20 is located inside the telescopic shell 17, one end of the return spring 20 is installed on the inner end surface of the telescopic shell 17, and the other end is installed on the telescopic arm 16; as shown in fig. 4 and 6, the first fixing block 5 is mounted on the upper side of the telescopic shell 17; one end of a first hydraulic cylinder 4 is arranged on the first fixed block 5; the first fixing plate 70 is laterally installed at one end of the telescopic case 17; one end of the hydraulic cylinder housing 69 is mounted on the first fixing plate 70; the pushing circular plate 89 is positioned in the hydraulic cylinder shell 69, and the outer circular surface of the pushing circular plate 89 is matched with the inner circular surface of the hydraulic cylinder shell 69; as shown in fig. 16 and 17, one end of the hydraulic rod 67 is mounted on the pushing circular plate 89, and the other end thereof passes through a hole in the hydraulic cylinder housing 69; the pushing circular plate 89 divides the inner cavity on the hydraulic shell into a first oil cavity 68 and a second oil cavity 71; as shown in fig. 2, the hydraulic tank 90 is mounted on the side of the telescopic case 17; as shown in fig. 2, the hydraulic lever 67 is connected to the telescopic arm 16 via a speed change mechanism 95.

As shown in fig. 16 and 17, the speed changing mechanism 95 includes a block 30, a guide bar 65, a first rack 66, a second fixing plate 72, a second rack 73, a fixing shaft 74, a first gear 75, and a second gear 76, as shown in fig. 16 and 17, wherein the second rack 73 is mounted on the telescopic arm 16; the fixed shaft 74 is installed in a shaft hole of the second fixing plate 72; the first gear 75 is mounted on the fixed shaft 74, and the first gear 75 is engaged with the second rack 73; as shown in fig. 16 and 17, the second gear 76 is mounted on the fixed shaft 74, and the second gear 76 is located on the upper side of the first gear 75; as shown in fig. 16 and 17, one end of the first rack 66 is mounted on the end face of the hydraulic rod 67, and the first rack 66 is meshed with the second gear 76; as shown in fig. 22, the block 30 is provided with a long guide groove 80 on the side surface; the block 30 is arranged on the upper end surface of the second fixing plate 72, and the long guide groove 80 is opposite to the first rack 66; as shown in fig. 16 and 17, the guide bar 65 is mounted on the first rack 66 on one side and in the long guide groove 80 on the other side; the diameter of the first gear 75 is 1/3 times the diameter of the second gear 76.

As shown in fig. 9, the bucket mechanism 1 includes a ring motor 14, a spherical rotating mechanism 15, a spherical bucket housing 31, a small lug 27, and a large lug 29, as shown in fig. 7, wherein the two large lugs 29 are symmetrically installed at the center of the upper end face of the spherical bucket housing 31; as shown in fig. 7, the two small lugs 27 are symmetrically arranged on the upper end face of the spherical bucket shell 31, and the two small lugs 27 are positioned at the front sides of the two large lugs 29; as shown in fig. 6, two big lugs 29 on the spherical bucket shell 31 are installed with the telescopic arm 16 through cylindrical pins in a matching way; the two small lugs 27 are connected with the first hydraulic cylinder 4 through cylindrical pins; the annular motor 14 is arranged on the two big lugs 29, and the axis of the annular motor 14 is superposed with the axis of the spherical bucket shell 31; as shown in fig. 9 and 12, the spherical rotating mechanism 15 is installed at the lower side of the ring motor 14, and the axis of the spherical rotating mechanism 15 is coincident with the axis of the ring motor 14.

As shown in fig. 5, the spherical rotating mechanism 15 includes a first fixing ring 36, a second fixing ring 37, a third fixing ring 38, a fourth fixing ring 39, a fifth fixing ring 40, a sixth fixing ring 41, a first spring 43, a centrifugal block 44, a first guide groove 45, a first receiving hole 46, a drill 47, a second spring 78, a second guide block 79, a first guide block 81, a second receiving hole 85, and a second guide groove 86, as shown in fig. 13, wherein 5 sets of through holes are sequentially formed on the outer spherical surface of the spherical rotating housing 42 from top to bottom; as shown in fig. 13, a plurality of holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of each group of through holes; as shown in fig. 11 and 15, a first fixing ring 36, a second fixing ring 37, a third fixing ring 38, a fourth fixing ring 39, a fifth fixing ring 40, and a sixth fixing ring 41 are sequentially mounted on the inner spherical surface of the spherical rotary shell 42 from top to bottom; the first fixing ring 36, the second fixing ring 37, the third fixing ring 38, the fourth fixing ring 39 and the fifth fixing ring 40 are matched with a corresponding group of through holes; the upper structures and the installation structures of the first fixing ring 36, the second fixing ring 37, the third fixing ring 38, the fourth fixing ring 39 and the fifth fixing ring 40 are completely the same, and the first fixing ring 36; as shown in fig. 20, a plurality of first receiving holes 46 are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction on the outer circumferential surface of the first fixing ring 36, and the first receiving holes 46 are communicated with corresponding through holes on the spherical rotary shell 42; the mounting structure of each first receiving hole 46 is completely the same, and for any one of the first receiving holes, two first guide grooves 45 are symmetrically formed on the inner circular surface of the first receiving hole 46; as shown in fig. 14, two first guide blocks 81 are symmetrically installed on the outer circular surface of the centrifugal block 44; the centrifugal block 44 is mounted in the first accommodating hole 46 by the matching of the two first guide blocks 81 and the first guide groove 45; the first spring 43 is located in the first accommodation hole 46; as shown in fig. 5, the first spring 43 has one end mounted on the inner end surface of the first accommodation hole 46 and the other end mounted on the eccentric block 44; a plurality of second accommodating holes 85 are uniformly formed in the lower end surface of the sixth fixing ring 41 in the circumferential direction; the structure of the plurality of second receiving holes 85 and the installation structure thereof are completely the same, and for any one of the second receiving holes 85, two second guide grooves 86 are symmetrically formed on the inner circumferential surface of the second receiving hole 85; as shown in fig. 19, two second guide shoes 79 are symmetrically installed on the outer circumferential surface of the drill bit 47; as shown in fig. 8 and 10, the drill 47 is mounted in the second receiving hole 85 by the cooperation of the two second guide blocks 79 and the second guide grooves 86, and the tapered surface of the drill 47 does not completely extend out of the second receiving hole 85; the second spring 78 is located in the second receiving hole 85, and one end of the second spring 78 is mounted on the inner end surface of the second receiving hole 85, and the other end is mounted on the bit 47.

As shown in fig. 5, the first spring 43 is an extension spring; the second spring 78 is a compression spring.

An alternative to the ring motor 14 described above is a ram hydraulic motor.

The driving device on the excavator base mechanism 3 is a crawler type or a wheel type.

The effect of installing a plurality of 0.3mm lugs on the outer spherical surface of the spherical rotating shell 42 is to make the soil softer.

As an alternative to the first gear 75 having a diameter 1/3 times the diameter of the second gear 76, the diameter of the first gear 75 may be 1/4 times the diameter of the second gear 76.

As shown in fig. 16 and 17, the first gear 75 is mounted on the fixed shaft 74 by a key; the second gear 76 is keyed to the fixed shaft 74.

The filler is present between the first fixing ring 36, the second fixing ring 37, the third fixing ring 38, the fourth fixing ring 39, and the fifth fixing ring 40, and serves to prevent soil from entering gaps between the first fixing ring 36, the second fixing ring 37, the third fixing ring 38, the fourth fixing ring 39, and the fifth fixing ring 40.

In summary, the following steps:

the shovel arm mechanism 2 is used for fixing the bucket mechanism 1 and driving the bucket mechanism 1 to work; the two supporting arms 9 are arranged at one end of the upper side of the excavator base mechanism 3 and are used for fixing the telescopic shell 17 and the second fixing block 8; one end of the telescopic shell 17 is arranged between the two supporting arms 9 through a cylindrical pin, so that the telescopic shell 17 can rotate around the cylindrical pin under the action of the second hydraulic cylinder 7; when the excavator works on hard soil, the spherical bucket shell 31 is acted by the ground, and the spherical bucket shell 31 pushes the sliding block 77 on the telescopic arm 16 to move along the sliding groove 19 on the telescopic shell 17; the return spring 20 is positioned in the telescopic shell 17, one end of the return spring 20 is arranged on the inner end surface of the telescopic shell 17, and the other end of the return spring 20 is arranged on the telescopic arm 16 and is used for exerting a restoring force on the telescopic arm 16; the moving telescopic arm 16 will bring the second rack 73 mounted thereon into motion; the moving second rack 73 will move the first gear 75; the first gear 75 will drive the shaft hole inner fixed shaft 74 installed on the second fixed plate 72 to rotate; the rotating fixed shaft 74 will drive the second gear 76 to move; the second gear 76 will move to drive the guide bar 65 of the first rack 66 mounted on one end of the hydraulic rod 67 to move along the long guide groove 80 of the block 30; the moving first rack 66 will move the hydraulic rod 67; the moving hydraulic rod 67 will move the pushing circular plate 89 mounted thereon; the moving push plate 89 will cause the space within the first oil chamber 68 to decrease; the reduced space will allow hydraulic oil in the first oil chamber 68 to pass through the conduit into the ring motor 14; the moving motor housing will move the spherical rotary shell 42 mounted thereunder; the moving spherical rotating shell 42 will drive the first fixing ring 36, the second fixing ring 37, the third fixing ring 38, the fourth fixing ring 39, the fifth fixing ring 40 and the sixth fixing ring 41 to move; the moving first fixing ring 36, second fixing ring 37, third fixing ring 38, fourth fixing ring 39 and fifth fixing ring 40 will drive the centrifugal block 44 installed in the first accommodation hole 46 to move; the moving centrifugal block 44 will be acted by the centrifugal force, so that the first guide block 81 on the centrifugal block 44 will move along the first guide groove 45 opened on the first accommodation hole 46; so that the eccentric mass 44 may extend out of the first receiving hole 46; the end face of the centrifugal block 44 is provided with a conical surface, and the centrifugal block 44 can loosen hard soil, so that the purpose of loosening the soil is achieved, and the bucket mechanism 1 can smoothly enter the hard soil layer; the spherical rotary shell 42 moving at the same time will drive the sixth fixed ring 41 mounted thereon to move; the moving sixth fixing ring 41 will move the drill bit 47 installed in the second receiving hole 85 of the sixth fixing ring 41; the moving drill 47 can drill hard soil or a soil layer, so that the purposes of loosening the soil and facilitating the bucket mechanism 1 to enter the soil layer are achieved; the cone of the bit 47 does not extend out of the second receiving hole 85, so that when hard objects are encountered, the hard objects will exert a force on the cone of the bit 47, so that the second guide block 79 on the bit 47 will move along the second guide groove 86 formed on the second receiving hole 85; so that the drill 47 can enter the second accommodation hole 85, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the drill 47; the first spring 43 is used for providing the acting force for the centrifugal block 44 when the centrifugal block is returned; when dealing with soft soil, the acting force of the soft soil on the spherical bucket shell 31 will not push the telescopic arm 16 to move; so that the telescopic arm 16 will not move the second rack 73; so as not to rotate the ring motor 14; the ring motor 14 does not rotate; no centrifugal force is applied to the centrifugal mass 44; the eccentric mass 44 will be located in the first receiving hole 46; thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the resistance action of the soft soil to the bucket mechanism 1; the hydraulic tank 90 is mounted on the side of the telescopic case 17 and serves to contain the hydraulic oil discharged from the ring motor 14; the diameter of the first gear 75 is 1/3 times of the diameter of the second gear 76, which is used for amplifying the movement displacement of the telescopic arm 16 by 3 times, so that more hydraulic oil can enter the annular motor 14, and the purpose of driving the annular motor 14 to move is achieved.

In a specific embodiment, when the excavator works on a soft slope, the second rack 73 mounted on the telescopic arm 16 will not be driven to move by the acting force of the slope on the bucket mechanism 1, so the second rack 73 will not drive the first gear 75, the fixed shaft 74, the second gear 76, the first rack 66 and the hydraulic rod 67 to move; the hydraulic rod 67 does not move, and will not deliver the hydraulic oil in the first oil chamber 68 into the ring motor 14; the motor housing will not drive the spherical rotating shell 42 to move, and the first fixing ring 36, the second fixing ring 37, the third fixing ring 38, the fourth fixing ring 39 and the fifth fixing ring 40 will not move, so that the centrifugal block 44 will not be influenced by the centrifugal force, and therefore the centrifugal block 44 will not come out of the first accommodating hole 46; while the absence of movement of spherical shell 42 would leave sixth stationary ring 41 unmoved; the bit 47 will not move at this time, and the bucket mechanism 1 at this time operates normally like the conventional bucket mechanism 1; when the excavator works on a slope of hard soil, the second rack 73 arranged on the telescopic arm 16 is driven to move by the acting force of the slope on the bucket mechanism 1, so that the first gear 75, the fixed shaft 74, the second gear 76, the first rack 66 and the hydraulic rod 67 are driven to move by the second rack 73 in sequence; the hydraulic rod 67 moves, and the hydraulic rod 67 will cause the hydraulic oil in the first oil chamber 68 to be delivered into the ring motor 14; the space in the ring motor 14 will change, the motor housing will drive the spherical rotating shell 42 to move, and the first fixing ring 36, the second fixing ring 37, the third fixing ring 38, the fourth fixing ring 39, and the fifth fixing ring 40 will all move, so that the centrifugal block 44 will be subjected to centrifugal force, and the centrifugal block 44 will come out of the first accommodating hole 46; the centrifugal block 44 will loosen the hard soil; so that the bucket mechanism 1 can dig up the soil with a small force; while movement of the spherical shell 42 will move the sixth stationary ring 41; therefore, the drill 47 will move at this time, and the hard soil will be loosened by the drill 47, so that the bucket mechanism 1 can smoothly enter the soil with small force to dig the soil, thereby preventing the excavator from turning over the hard soil.

Claims

1. An excavator for working on a slope based on a motor-controlled bucket rotation comprises a bucket mechanism, a shovel arm mechanism and an excavator base mechanism, wherein the shovel arm mechanism is arranged on the upper side of the excavator base mechanism; the bucket mechanism is arranged at one end of the shovel arm mechanism; the method is characterized in that:

the shovel arm mechanism comprises a first hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic tank, a pushing circular plate, a first fixing block, a second hydraulic cylinder, a second fixing block, supporting arms, a telescopic arm, a telescopic shell, a sliding chute, a return spring, a hydraulic rod, a first oil cavity, a hydraulic cylinder shell, a first fixing plate, a second oil cavity, a sliding block and a long guide groove, wherein the two supporting arms are symmetrically arranged at one end of the upper side of the excavator base mechanism; the second fixing block is arranged on the two supporting arms; one end of the telescopic shell is arranged between the two supporting arms through a cylindrical pin, and the end of the telescopic shell is positioned at the upper ends of the supporting arms; one end of the second hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the upper end face of the second fixed block, and the other end of the second hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the telescopic shell; two sliding chutes are symmetrically arranged on the side surface of the telescopic shell; the two sliding blocks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the telescopic arm; the telescopic arm is arranged on the telescopic shell through the matching of the sliding block and the sliding groove; the return spring is positioned in the telescopic shell, one end of the return spring is arranged on the inner end surface of the telescopic shell, and the other end of the return spring is arranged on the telescopic arm; the first fixed block is arranged on the upper side of the telescopic shell; one end of the first hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the first fixing block; the side surface of the first fixed plate is arranged at one end of the telescopic shell; one end of the hydraulic cylinder shell is arranged on the first fixing plate; the pushing circular plate is positioned in the hydraulic cylinder shell, and the outer circular surface of the pushing circular plate is matched with the inner circular surface of the hydraulic cylinder shell; one end of the hydraulic rod is arranged on the pushing circular plate, and the other end of the hydraulic rod penetrates through a hole in the hydraulic cylinder shell; the circular plate is pushed to divide an inner cavity on the hydraulic shell into a first oil cavity and a second oil cavity; the hydraulic tank is arranged on the side surface of the telescopic shell; the hydraulic rod is connected with the telescopic arm through a speed change mechanism;

the speed change mechanism comprises a square block, a guide bar, a first rack, a second fixing plate, a second rack, a fixing shaft, a first gear and a second gear, wherein the second rack is arranged on the telescopic arm; the fixed shaft is arranged in a shaft hole on the second fixed plate; the first gear is arranged on the fixed shaft and is meshed with the second rack; the second gear is arranged on the fixed shaft and is positioned on the upper side of the first gear; one end of the first rack is arranged on the end face of the hydraulic rod, and the first rack is meshed with the second gear; the side surface of the square block is provided with a long guide groove; the square block is arranged on the upper end face of the second fixing plate, and the long guide groove is opposite to the first rack; one side of the guide strip is arranged on the first rack, and the other side of the guide strip is arranged in the long guide groove; the diameter of the first gear is 1/3 times of that of the second gear;

the bucket mechanism comprises an annular motor, a spherical rotating mechanism, a spherical bucket shell, small support lugs and large support lugs, wherein the two large support lugs are symmetrically arranged at the center of the upper end surface of the spherical bucket shell; the two small support lugs are symmetrically arranged on the upper end surface of the spherical bucket shell, and the two small support lugs are positioned on the front sides of the two large support lugs; two large lugs on the spherical bucket shell are matched and installed with the telescopic arm through cylindrical pins; the two small support lugs are connected with the first hydraulic cylinder through cylindrical pins; the annular motor is arranged on the two large support lugs, and the axis of the annular motor is superposed with the axis of the spherical bucket shell; the spherical rotating mechanism is arranged on the lower side of the annular motor, and the axis of the spherical rotating mechanism is superposed with the axis of the annular motor;

2. The excavator for working on a slope with the bucket rotation controlled based on the motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first spring is an extension spring; the second spring is a compression spring.

3. The excavator for working on a slope with the bucket rotation controlled based on the motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an alternative to the ring motor described above is a ram hydraulic motor.

4. The excavator for working on a slope with the bucket rotation controlled based on the motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the driving device on the excavator base mechanism is a crawler type or a wheel type.

5. The excavator for working on a slope with the bucket rotation controlled based on the motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a plurality of 0.3mm lugs are arranged on the outer spherical surface of the spherical rotating shell.

6. The excavator for working on a slope with the bucket rotation controlled based on the motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: as an alternative to the above-mentioned first gear having a diameter 1/3 times the diameter of the second gear, the diameter of the first gear is 1/4 times the diameter of the second gear.

7. The excavator for working on a slope with the bucket rotation controlled based on the motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first gear is arranged on the fixed shaft through a key; the second gear is mounted on the fixed shaft by a key.

8. The excavator for working on a slope with the bucket rotation controlled based on the motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: fillers are arranged among the first fixing ring, the second fixing ring, the third fixing ring, the fourth fixing ring and the fifth fixing ring.