CN107176025A - 一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机及控制方法 - Google Patents
一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机及控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
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- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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- B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机及控制方法,它解决了现有技术中发动机结构复杂,能量分配并不能实现按需分配,排放和油耗依然较高,整个发动机结构紧凑,功率密度高,比功率大,安装调试方便,而且便于对其进行一体化综合控制,其方案如下:一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机,包括发动机,发动机飞轮壳与ISG发电机壳一体化设置,发动机、扭转减震器、ISG发电机、电磁离合器、驱动电机同轴布置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车制造技术领域,特别是涉及一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机及控制方法。
背景技术
能源短缺、环境污染、气候变暖已成为全世界共同面临和亟待解决的焦点问题,也是汽车工业和能源产业面对的巨大挑战;汽车作为石油消耗和二氧化碳排放的大户,需要进行革命性的变革,大力发展新能源汽车,实现交通能源转型,是实现交通可持续发展的重要途径。
我国从2001年起开始进行新能源汽车的研发和产业化。连续投入大量的资金将新能源汽车列入国家“863”计划、“节能减排计划”“国家科技支撑计划”、“国家新能源汽车产业技术创新工程”“十城千辆计划”等项目大力支持。形成了以纯电动、(插电式)混合动力、燃料电池三条技术路线为“三纵”,以动力蓄电池、驱动电机、动力总成控制***三种共性技术为“三横”的电动汽车研发格局。
插电式混合动力客车兼具混合动力客车和纯电动客车的特点,它与纯电动客车同样有着电机独立驱动的工作模式,完全可以满足客车低速大扭矩和高速行驶的要求。其能量来源不仅来自于外充电也可以来自于发电机组。插电式混合动力汽车可以根据不同运营环境选择纯电动、插电式、混合动力等多种工作模式,达到明显的节能减排效果。
尽管中国已经形成了世界级规模的汽车产业,但在传统动力技术等关键领域我们在很长时间内难以摆脱受制于人的窘境,特别是插电式混合动力客车用发动机的结构设计及其控制***的核心技术仍然掌握于AVL、博世、woodward等国际大公司,我国自主产业化的基于插电式混合动力客车的发动机***没有得到实质开发和应用,仅是将传统的发动机直接应用于插电式混合动力客车,能量分配并不能实现按需分配,排放和油耗依然较高,没有得到最优化,这给插电式混合动力客车动力***、经济性能的发挥带来了极大的阻力。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机,该发动机通过集成化的设置,大大提高了传动***的传动效率。
一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机的具体方案如下:
一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机,包括:
发动机,发动机飞轮壳与ISG发电机壳一体化设置,发动机、扭转减震器、ISG发电机、电磁离合器、驱动电机同轴布置。
上述发动机,通过将发动机与ISG发电机、电磁离合器和驱动电机的高度一体化集成,大大提高了传动***效率。
其中,所述扭转减震器固定于发动机飞轮面上,且二者刚性连接,ISG发电机为永磁同步电机,驱动电机为大扭矩永磁同步电机,该电机具有和ISG发电机吻合的连接法兰盘,输入轴端固定电磁离合器的端面齿盘,输出轴端为与传动轴连接的输出法兰盘,电磁离合器嵌入在ISG发电机和驱动电机之间,两侧齿盘分别固定在ISG发电机的输出轴和驱动电机的输入轴上,ISG发电机侧齿盘在驱动发电机轴上保持固定,跟随驱动发电机轴旋转,驱动电机输入轴上的齿盘可沿轴向移动;驱动电机的输出法兰盘通过传动轴直接和驱动桥相连接;上述连接全部为机械连接。
所述ISG发电机输入轴通过与扭转减震器中间的花键啮合刚性连接,ISG发电机后端壳体与电磁离合器壳体前端刚性连接,所述驱动电机与电磁离合器后端壳体刚性连接。
所述电磁离合器的电磁铁分别固定在ISG发电机和驱动电机的端盖上。
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明还提供了一种混合动力客车的控制***,该控制***包括智能管理单元和所述的一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机,智能管理单元与油门踏板、制动踏板、动力电池、发动机、驱动电机分别单独连接,智能管理单元根据动力电池电量、发动机和电动机的特性对发动机转矩和驱动电机转矩进行最优化分配,保证发动机和驱动电机运行于最高效区,最优分配指的是根据车辆实际运行工况对发动机输出扭矩和电机输出扭矩进行合理分配,满足动力需求并使能耗最低,最高效区是指发动机燃油消耗率最低、电机工作效率最高的区间。
所述智能管理单元与发动机各类传感器、车辆转速传感器分别单独连接。
还包括电气化控制执行单元,电气化控制执行单元接收智能管理单元发出的扭矩需求质量,接收执行件传感器发送的信息,从而控制执行机构动作。
所述执行机构包括电动燃油泵、电磁式喷油器、怠速常通空气阀和继电器。
一种混合动力客车的控制***的控制方法,发动机飞轮壳与ISG发电机壳一体化设置,发动机、扭转减震器、ISG发电机、电磁离合器、驱动电机同轴布置,通过驱动电机启动发动机,实现发动机的快速点火;
智能管理单元根据发动机各类传感器、车辆转速传感器确定的车辆运行工况和动力电池容量信息,当车辆速度低于设定速度时实现发动机怠速熄火。
所述智能管理单元根据油门踏板开度、制动踏板开度进行驾驶员意图识别;并结合当前驾驶工况和车辆状态计算混合动力汽车的总转矩需求;根据动力电池电量、发动机和驱动电机的特性对发动机转矩和驱动电机转矩进行最优化分配。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1)本发明通过一体化集成设置,整个发动机结构紧凑,功率密度高,比功率大,安装调试方便,而且便于对其进行一体化综合控制,最大可能地改善混合动力汽车的动力性、燃油经济性和排放性能。
2)本发明中通过电气化控制执行单元根据拟人式智能管理单元发出的扭矩需求,通过电控单元和闭环扭矩控制算法控制传感器、执行机构,实现发动机扭矩的精确输出。
3)本发明中通过智能管理单元通过识别驾驶者的意图,结合实时驾驶工况和车辆状态对发动机和电动机扭矩进行最优分配,使发动机始终运行于最高效区,有效保证了能量的有效分配。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解,本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请,并不构成对本申请的不当限定。
图1是基于双电机同轴混联插电式混合动力客车的专用发动机拓扑结构图,其中,1、柴油/NG发动机;2、发动机各类传感器;3、发动机各类执行器包括阀体、继电器;4、发动机电气化控制执行单元;5、拟人式智能管理单元;6、扭转减震器;7、ISG发电机;8、电磁离合器;9、驱动电机;10、传动轴;11、驱动桥;12、ISG发电机控制器;13、电磁离合器控制器;14、主驱电机控制器;15、电池管理***;16、动力蓄电池;17、整车控制器;18、手刹信号;19、油门踏板;20、刹车踏板;21、档位信号;22、充电座;23、充电枪;24、充电机。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
正如背景技术所介绍的,现有技术中存在的不足,为了解决如上的技术问题,本申请提出了一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机、***及方法。
本申请的一种典型的实施方式中,如图1所示,一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机,包括:发动机,发动机飞轮壳与ISG发电机壳一体化设置,发动机、扭转减震器6、ISG发电机7、电磁离合器8、驱动电机同轴布置。上述发动机,通过将发动机与ISG发电机7、电磁离合器8和驱动电机9的高度一体化集成,大大提高了传动***效率。
发动机1、扭转减震器6、ISG发电机7高度一体化集成,扭转减震器6固定于发动机1飞轮面上实现刚性连接,ISG发电机7为永磁同步电机,该ISG发电机轴的一端与扭转减震器6的花键吻合,另一端固定电磁离合器5的端面齿盘,并且一侧具有和柴油发动机1飞轮壳吻合的连接法兰盘,另一侧具有和驱动电机9吻合的连接法兰盘;驱动电机9为大扭矩永磁同步电机,该电机具有和ISG发电机7吻合的连接法兰盘,输入轴端固定电磁离合器5的端面齿盘,输出轴端为与传动轴14连接的输出法兰盘,电磁离合器5嵌入在ISG发电机7和驱动电机9之间,两侧齿盘分别固定在ISG发电机7的输出轴和驱动电机9的输入轴上,ISG发电机侧齿盘在发电机轴上保持固定,跟随ISG发电机轴旋转,驱动电机9输入轴上的齿盘可沿轴向移动;驱动电机9的输出法兰盘通过传动轴14直接和驱动桥11相连接;上述连接全部为机械连接。
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明还提供了另一实施例:一种混合动力客车的控制***,该控制***包括智能管理单元和所述的一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机,智能管理单元与油门踏板、制动踏板、动力电池、发动机、驱动电机分别单独连接,智能管理单元根据动力电池电量、发动机和电动机的特性对发动机转矩和驱动电机转矩进行最优化分配,保证发动机和驱动电机运行于最高效区。
智能管理单元与发动机各类传感器(包括发动机转速传感器、发动机进气压力传感器、发动机进气温度传感器、氧传感器和节气门位置传感器)、车辆转速传感器分别单独连接。
控制***还包括电气化控制执行单元,电气化控制执行单元接收智能管理单元发出的扭矩需求质量,接收执行件传感器发送的信息,从而控制执行机构动作。
执行机构包括电动燃油泵、电磁式喷油器、怠速常通空气阀和继电器。
具体地,ISG发电机7通过三相电缆线和发电机控制器12连接,发电机控制器通过两相电缆线和动力电池16连接;驱动电机9通过三相电缆线和主驱电机控制器14连接,主驱电机控制器通过两相电缆线和动力电池16连接;动力电池16通过两相电缆线连接充电座22,充电座22、充电枪23、充电机24依次相连;电磁离合器控制器13通过物理线和电磁离合器8相连;动力电池16通过物理线和电池管理***15相连接;发动机各类传感器2、发动机各类执行器包括阀体、继电器3,继电器通过物理线与发动机连接或与发动机本体集成;发动机电气化控制执行单元4、发动机拟人式智能管理单元5、ISG发电机控制器12、电磁离合器控制器13、主驱电机控制器14、电池管理***15、整车控制器17、手刹信号18、油门踏板19、制动踏板20、档位信号21通过控制器局域网络连接。
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明还提供了另一实施例:一种混合动力客车的控制***的控制方法,在该方法中,发动机1、ISG发电机7、驱动电机9的工作状态由拟人式智能管理单元5统一协调完成,拟人式智能管理单元5根据反馈的手刹信号18、油门踏板19开度信号、制动踏板20开度信号、档位信号21等进行驾驶员意图识别;并结合当前驾驶工况和车辆状态计算混合动力客车的总转矩需求;通过与动力电池管理***15、ISG发电机控制器12、主驱电机控制器14、电磁离合器控制器、整车控制器进行实时信息交互,并根据当前数据对发动机转矩和电动机转矩进行最优化分配,通过CAN J1939总线分别对发动机电气化控制执行单元4、ISG发电机控制器和主驱电机控制器发送扭矩需求指令。
发动机电气化控制执行单元4接收拟人式智能管理单元发出的扭矩需求,采集各类传感器2如正时和同步传感器、涡轮增压器传感器、燃油温度传感器、燃油压力传感器的输入信号,发动机电控单元将输入信号进行调理,根据发动机管理控制算法进行运算,然后输出控制信号并进行功率放大,最后传给发动机各类执行器3包括电动燃油泵、电磁式喷油器、怠速常通空气阀及各种继电器等硬件设施使发动机工作;发动机电气化控制执行单元同时检测各传感器信号的状态,实时反馈给拟人式智能管理单元,当出现异常故障时发动机智能管理单元进行分析判断并采取合理的处理措施。在整车控制器17故障或失效模式下,拟人式智能管理单元可以独立完成上述功能,保证车辆正常运行。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机,其特征在于,包括:
发动机,发动机飞轮壳与ISG发电机壳一体化设置,发动机、扭转减震器、ISG发电机、电磁离合器、驱动电机同轴布置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机,其特征在于,所述扭转减震器固定于发动机飞轮面上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机,其特征在于,所述ISG发电机输入轴通过与扭转减震器中间的花键啮合刚性连接,ISG发电机后端壳体与电磁离合器壳体前端刚性连接;
进一步地,电磁离合器嵌入在ISG发电机和驱动电机之间,电磁离合器两侧齿盘分别固定在ISG发电机的输出轴和驱动电机的输入轴上,ISG发电机侧齿盘在驱动发电机轴上保持固定,跟随驱动发电机轴旋转,驱动电机输入轴上的齿盘可沿轴向移动。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机,其特征在于,所述电磁离合器的电磁铁分别固定在ISG发电机和驱动电机的端盖上。
5.一种混合动力客车的控制***,其特征在于,包括智能管理单元和根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的一种插电式混合动力客车专用发动机,智能管理单元与油门踏板、制动踏板、动力电池、发动机、驱动电机分别单独连接,智能管理单元根据动力电池电量、发动机和电动机的特性对发动机转矩和驱动电机转矩进行最优化分配,保证发动机和驱动电机运行于最高效区。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种混合动力客车的控制***,其特征在于,所述智能管理单元与发动机各类传感器、车辆转速传感器分别单独连接。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种混合动力客车的控制***,其特征在于,还包括电气化控制执行单元,电气化控制执行单元接收智能管理单元发出的扭矩需求质量,接收执行件传感器发送的信息,从而控制执行机构动作。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种混合动力客车的控制***,其特征在于,所述执行机构包括电动燃油泵、电磁式喷油器、怠速常通空气阀和继电器。
9.一种混合动力客车的控制***的控制方法,其特征在于,发动机飞轮壳与ISG发电机壳一体化设置,发动机、扭转减震器、ISG发电机、电磁离合器、驱动电机同轴布置,通过驱动电机启动发动机,实现发动机的快速点火;
智能管理单元根据发动机各类传感器、车辆转速传感器确定的车辆运行工况和动力电池容量信息,当车辆速度低于设定速度时实现发动机怠速熄火。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种混合动力客车的控制***的控制方法,其特征在于,所述智能管理单元根据油门踏板开度、制动踏板开度进行驾驶员意图识别;并结合当前驾驶工况和车辆状态计算混合动力汽车的总转矩需求;根据动力电池电量、发动机和驱动电机的特性对发动机转矩和驱动电机转矩进行最优化分配。
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