CN107170986A - A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107170986A CN107170986A CN201710329859.0A CN201710329859A CN107170986A CN 107170986 A CN107170986 A CN 107170986A CN 201710329859 A CN201710329859 A CN 201710329859A CN 107170986 A CN107170986 A CN 107170986A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material.The bamboo charcoal cathode material preparation method comprises the following steps：S1. bamboo charcoal and graphene are added in the alcohol solution of metal nitrate, heating, drying after being well mixed, obtains precursor A, wherein bamboo charcoal, the mass ratio of graphene are 90~95：1~6；S2. precursor A is calcined under an inert atmosphere, obtains precursor B；S3. precursor B is added into constant temperature in concentrated nitric acid to stir, suction filtration, washing, drying produce modified classifying porous bamboo charcoal negative material.Bamboo charcoal wide material sources, it is cheap.Workable and the present invention is simple using method, modification bamboo charcoal chemical property is good, with good application development prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to new energy materialses and biomass as resources field, more specifically, it is related to a kind of lithium ion battery
The preparation method of bamboo charcoal negative material.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is because with premium properties such as operating voltage height, high specific energy, good cycle and memory-less effects
Power source as new-energy automobile is preferred, and its level determines the development level of new-energy automobile, but due to lithium ion power
Battery presently, there are the bottleneck problems such as price height and security, and its critical material faces new challenges.Negative material is to determine
One of key factor of performance of lithium ion battery.Business graphite is the negative pole material of large-scale use in current lithium ion battery
Material, but relatively low capacity and complicated preparation technology limit its development in new-energy automobile.
Plant is known as natural nano factory, the characteristics of having inexpensive, renewable and sustainability due to plant source,
Carbon, CNT, graphene and carbon quantum dot etc. are prepared from inexpensive discarded plant source be widely used in biological medicine, environment control
Each fields such as reason, food and the energy.
Bamboo charcoal is the major product of bamboo wood high temperature pyrolysis, and its microstructure is similar and close to onion-like fullerene carbon and exhibition
The special construction for the CNT opened, with satisfactory electrical conductivity.The three-dimensional macropore micropore tunnel knot of the unique contiguous network of bamboo charcoal
Structure and big specific surface area, are conducive to electrolyte transmission and the migration of active material.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material.
Second object of the present invention is the lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material that the above method is prepared.
Third object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material prepared.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material, comprises the following steps：
S1. bamboo charcoal and graphene are added in the alcohol solution of metal nitrate, heating, drying, obtain presoma after being well mixed
A, wherein bamboo charcoal, the mass ratio of graphene are 90~95：1~6；
S2. precursor A is calcined under an inert atmosphere, obtains precursor B；
S3. precursor B is added into constant temperature in concentrated nitric acid to stir, suction filtration, washing, drying produce modified classifying porous bamboo charcoal negative pole
Material.
The present invention prepares the carbon-based material of the three-dimensional large micropore structure of contiguous network using biological template self-assembly method, wherein,
Effect of the bamboo charcoal except may also function as carbon source as template, adds graphene and introduces nickel nitrate as catalyst precursor,
React and be heat-treated again in alcohol solution, mainly by controlling the mass ratio of bamboo charcoal, graphene, finally obtain modified classification many
Hole bamboo charcoal material.The three-dimensional macropore micropore tunnel structure and big specific surface area of the unique contiguous network of bamboo charcoal, are conducive to electrolysis
Liquid transmits the migration with active material；Many apertures, the special knot of this big borehole jack aperture are also there are on distinctive big hole wall
Structure can form electrochemical double-layer, increase specific capacity.Classifying porous bamboo charcoal material may be directly applied to negative electrode of lithium ion battery
Material, excellent electrochemical performance.
Preferably, metal nitrate described in step S1 is nickel nitrate, ferric nitrate or cobalt nitrate.
Preferably, the mass ratio of metal nitrate and bamboo charcoal described in step S1 is 4：90~95.
Preferably, alcohol solution described in step S1 is 60wt% methanol solution.
Preferably, the mode heated described in step S1 is carried out under water bath condition, and bath temperature is 50~85 DEG C.
Preferably, inert atmosphere described in step S2 is the one or more of nitrogen, argon gas or hydrogen.
Preferably, the temperature calcined described in step S2 is 700~900 DEG C, and the time of the calcining is 1~5h.
Preferably, the temperature of step S3 constant temperature stirring is 90~140 DEG C.
Preferably, the time of the stirring of constant temperature described in step S3 is 4~8h.
As above the lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material that method is prepared.Modified porous bamboo charcoal prepared by the present invention is answered
Condensation material directly applies to lithium ion battery negative material, the ratio of electric discharge first under 0.01~3.0 V, 200 mA/g current densities
Capacity reaches 1300 mAh/g, and 330~400 mAh/g are maintained by 100 circulation specific discharge capacities.
The application of lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material prepared by the present invention in lithium ion battery negative material.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：
The present invention utilizes the three-dimensional macropore micropore tunnel structure of its unique contiguous network by the use of bamboo charcoal as carbon source and biological template
With big specific surface area, prepare classifying porous bamboo charcoal material and may be directly applied to lithium ion battery negative material.This point
The porous negative material of level is conducive to electrolyte transmission and the migration of active material；Also existed on distinctive big hole wall many small
Hole, the special construction of this big borehole jack aperture can form electrochemical double-layer, increase specific capacity.In addition, invention is using bamboo wood
Biological state carbon is raw material, and wide material sources, recyclability is strong, cheap.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is ESEM (SEM) figure of the classifying porous bamboo charcoal negative material of modification prepared by embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the classifying porous bamboo charcoal of modification, only bamboo charcoal through nickel nitrate catalyzing and carbonizing and untreated prepared by embodiment 1
The X diffraction patterns (XRD) and the standard spectrogram of carbon of bamboo charcoal.
Fig. 3 is head of the classifying porous bamboo charcoal of modification of the preparation of embodiment 1 under 0.01~3.0V, 200mA/g current densities
Secondary and the 2nd, 10 and 50 charging and discharging curve figures.
Fig. 4 is the classifying porous bamboo charcoal of modification following under 0.01~3.0V, 200mA/g current densities prepared by embodiment 1
Ring performance chart.
Fig. 5 is high rate performance curve map of the classifying porous bamboo charcoal of modification of the preparation of embodiment 1 under 0.01~3.0V.
Fig. 6 is the N2 adsorption desorption figure of the classifying porous bamboo charcoal of modification prepared by embodiment 2.
Fig. 7 is the classifying porous bamboo charcoal of modification of the preparation of embodiment 3 in 0.01~3.0V, the circulation swept under speed is 0.2mV/s
Volt-ampere curve figure.
Embodiment
The present invention is further expalined explanation with reference to specific embodiment, it describes more specific and detailed, but
Therefore the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention can not be interpreted as, as long as being obtained using the form of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation
The technical scheme obtained, all should be included within the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
The raw material used in following examples and comparative example is marketable material if not otherwise indicated.
Instrument in each embodiment used in sem analysis is JEOL（JEOL）JSM-6380LA types scanning electron show
Micro mirror（SEM）, accelerating potential is 15KV, and sample preparation is added dropwise on conducting resinl surface, air drying after being disperseed using absolute ethyl alcohol.
Instrument used in XRD analysis is Beijing Pu Xi all purpose instruments Co., Ltd XD-2 type X-ray diffractometers.Test condition
For Cu targets, K α radiation, 36 kV, 30 mA, 0.02 ° of step width, 10~80 ° of scanning range.Sample is that powder is placed in sample stage groove
Flatten, directly detect.
Charge-discharge test：The modification bamboo charcoal that each embodiment is prepared and conductive carbon black, binding agent Vingon
（PVDF）In mass ratio 7:2:1 mixing, adds appropriate 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE（NMP）Stir, be applied on copper foil,
In being dried at 90 DEG C in vacuum drying oven, modification bamboo charcoal electrode slice is obtained in sheet-punching machine top shear blade.The electrode obtained is done into negative pole, lithium metal
Piece is positive pole, and electrolyte is to contain 1M LiPF6(volume ratio is 1 to/(EC+DMC):1) mixed system, barrier film is capillary polypropylene
Film（Celgard 2400）, full of argon gas（Ar）Glove box in be assembled into 2025 type button cells.With the new Weir in Shenzhen
Electronics Co., Ltd.'s BTS51800 battery test systems, model CT-3008W carries out 200 in 0.01~3.0V voltage ranges
Charge-discharge test under ~ 1600mA/g current densities.
Embodiment 1
S1. 95 are pressed:1:4 mass ratio weighs business bamboo charcoal：Graphene：Nickel nitrate, is first dissolved in by the common 3g of nickel nitrate mixed material
Rear to add business bamboo charcoal and graphene in 60% methanol aqueous solution, heating water bath to solvent is evaporated, is put into air dry oven
Drying, obtains precursor A；
S2. precursor A is put into the lower calcining of argon gas protection, 800 DEG C of calcining heat in tube furnace, is incubated 2h, obtains precursor B；
S3. precursor B is added in the three-necked flask for filling 90ml concentrated nitric acids, 6h is stirred under the conditions of 120 DEG C of oil baths, cooled down,
Reaction product produces modification bamboo charcoal negative material after being washed with a large amount of deionized waters and ethanol.
As shown in figure 1, modification bamboo charcoal negative material has graded porous structure；As shown in Fig. 2 the XRD of modification bamboo charcoal
It is consistent with the standard curve spectrogram of carbon.
Electrochemical property test is carried out to obtained modification bamboo charcoal material, it can be seen that the material exists from Fig. 3,4 and 5
First discharge specific capacity reaches 1302mAh/g under 0.01 ~ 3.0 V, 200 mA/g current densities, by 100 circulation electric discharge ratios
Capacity maintains 360 mAh/g, with preferable electrochemistry cycle performance.The material is in 1600 mA/g discharge and recharges, electric discharge ratio
Capacity can still maintain about 300 mAh/g, show that the material has preferable high rate performance.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of modified classifying porous bamboo charcoal, comprises the following steps：
S1. 90 are pressed:6:4 mass ratio weighs business bamboo charcoal：Graphene：Nickel nitrate, is first dissolved in by the common 3g of ferric nitrate mixed material
Rear to add business bamboo charcoal and graphene in 60% methanol aqueous solution, heating water bath to solvent is evaporated, and is put in air dry oven and is dried
It is dry, obtain precursor A；
S2. precursor A is put into the lower calcining of nitrogen protection, 900 DEG C of calcining heat in tube furnace, is incubated 1h, obtains precursor B；
S3. precursor B is added in the three-necked flask for filling 90ml concentrated nitric acids, 5h is stirred under the conditions of 100 DEG C of oil baths, cooled down,
Reaction product produces modification bamboo charcoal negative material after being washed with a large amount of deionized waters and ethanol.
Shown in Fig. 6, tested by N2 adsorption desorption and obtain the material specific surface area up to 222.68m2g-1, be conducive to electrolyte
Transmission, improves chemical property.
First discharge specific capacity reaches 1417mAh/g under 0.01~3.0 V, 200 mA/g current densities, by 100 times
Circulation specific discharge capacity maintains 328mAh/g.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of modified classifying porous bamboo charcoal, comprises the following steps：
S1. 93 are pressed:3:4 mass ratio weighs business bamboo charcoal：Graphene：Nickel nitrate, is first dissolved in by nickel nitrate mixed material 3g
Rear to add bamboo charcoal and graphene in the aqueous solution of 60% methanol, heating water bath to solvent is evaporated, and is put in air dry oven and is dried, obtains
Precursor A；
S2. precursor A is put into the lower calcining of nitrogen protection, 700 DEG C of calcining heat in tube furnace, is incubated 3h, obtains precursor B；
S3. precursor B is added in the three-necked flask for filling 90ml concentrated nitric acids, 6h is stirred under the conditions of 100 DEG C of oil baths, cooled down,
Reaction product produces modification bamboo charcoal negative material after being washed with a large amount of deionized waters and ethanol.
Fig. 7 is the cyclic voltammetry curve of the classifying porous bamboo charcoal negative material of the modification.
First discharge specific capacity reaches 1273 mAh/g under 0.01~3.0 V, 200 mA/g current densities, by 100
Secondary circulation specific discharge capacity maintains 302 mAh/g
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of modified classifying porous bamboo charcoal, comprises the following steps：
S1. 93 are pressed:3:4 mass ratio weighs business bamboo charcoal：Graphene：Nickel nitrate, is first dissolved in by cobalt nitrate mixed material 3g
Rear to add bamboo charcoal and graphene in the aqueous solution of 60% methanol, heating water bath to solvent is evaporated, and is put in air dry oven and is dried, obtains
Precursor A；
S2. precursor A is put into the lower calcining of nitrogen protection, 700 DEG C of calcining heat in tube furnace, is incubated 3h, obtains precursor B；
S3. precursor B is added in the three-necked flask for filling 90ml concentrated nitric acids, 6h is stirred under the conditions of 100 DEG C of oil baths, cooled down,
Reaction product produces modification bamboo charcoal negative material after being washed with a large amount of deionized waters and ethanol.
First discharge specific capacity reaches 1156mAh/g under 0.01~3.0 V, 200 mA/g current densities, by 100 times
Circulation specific discharge capacity maintains 347mAh/g
Comparative example 1
Experimental method be the same as Example 1, it is unique the difference is that the mass ratio of business bamboo charcoal and graphene is 100：1（＞ 95：1）.
By scheming to contrast with SEM material modified in embodiment 1, the pattern of material is prepared without significant change；But material
High rate during charging-discharging is deteriorated.First discharge specific capacity reaches under 0.01~3.0 V, 200 mA/g current densities
1357mAh/g, 339mAh/g is maintained by 100 circulation specific discharge capacities, and in 1600 mA/g discharge and recharges, discharge specific volume
Measure about 283 mAh/g.
Comparative example 2
Experimental method be the same as Example 1, it is unique the difference is that the mass ratio of business bamboo charcoal and graphene is 80：6（＜ 90：6）.
By scheming to contrast with material modified SEM in embodiment 1, the pattern of material is prepared without significant change, but material
Constant current charge-discharge reversible capacity is reduced.The specific discharge capacity of 100 times is circulated under 0.01~3.0 V, 200 mA/g current densities
It is maintained 325 mAh/g.
The above embodiments merely illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the present invention does not limit to and above-mentioned optimal embodiment party
Formula, it will be appreciated that design of the invention can be implemented to use by other various forms, and they also fall within the protection model of the present invention
In enclosing.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1. bamboo charcoal and graphene are added in the alcohol solution of metal nitrate, heating, drying, obtain presoma after being well mixed
A, wherein bamboo charcoal, the mass ratio of graphene are 90~95：1~6；
S2. precursor A is calcined under an inert atmosphere, obtains precursor B；
S3. precursor B is added into constant temperature in concentrated nitric acid to stir, suction filtration, washing, drying produce modified classifying porous bamboo charcoal negative pole
Material.
2. the preparation method of lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step S1
The metal nitrate is nickel nitrate, ferric nitrate or cobalt nitrate, and the mass ratio of metal nitrate and bamboo charcoal is 4：90~95.
3. the preparation method of lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step S1 institutes
State the methanol solution that alcohol solution is 60wt%.
4. the preparation method of lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step S1 institutes
The mode for stating heating is to be carried out under water bath condition, and bath temperature is 50~85 DEG C.
5. the preparation method of lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step S2 institutes
State the one or more that inert atmosphere is nitrogen, argon gas or hydrogen.
6. the preparation method of lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step S2 institutes
The temperature for stating calcining is 700~900 DEG C, and the time of the calcining is 1~5h.
7. the preparation method of lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step S3 institutes
The temperature for stating constant temperature stirring is 90~140 DEG C.
8. the preparation method of lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step S3
Described in constant temperature stirring time be 4~8h.
9. the lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material that any one of claim 1 to 8 methods described is obtained.
10. application of the lithium ion battery bamboo charcoal negative material in terms of lithium ion battery is prepared described in claim 10.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113764194A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-07 | 广西大学 | Biomass bamboo charcoal based counter electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
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