CN107163209A - 一种硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107163209A
CN107163209A CN201710585251.4A CN201710585251A CN107163209A CN 107163209 A CN107163209 A CN 107163209A CN 201710585251 A CN201710585251 A CN 201710585251A CN 107163209 A CN107163209 A CN 107163209A
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武娟
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Hefei Wan Jing King Door And Window Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料，由A组份和B组份构成，按照重量份数计算，其中，A组份由聚醚多元醇60‑80份、酚醛树脂30‑40份、溴代环氧树脂20‑30份、玻化微珠10‑30份、膨胀蛭石10‑20份、纳米二氧化硅5‑15份、玻璃纤维3‑8份、海泡石纤维5‑10份、填料5‑15份、发泡剂8‑15份与助剂5‑10份，B组分为多苯基多亚基多异氰酸酯。本发明解决以往聚氨酯硬泡保温材料防火阻燃性能与力学性能相互矛盾的问题，提供一种兼具阻燃性能及优异力学性能的硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料本发明。

Description

一种硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及保温材料技术领域，具体涉及一种硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯全称为聚氨基甲酸酯，是主链上含有重复氨基甲酸酯基团的大分子化合物的统称，它是由有机二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯与二羟基或多羟基化合物加聚而成。聚氨酯泡沫材料是目前世界上公认最佳保温绝热材料，具有导热系数小、抗压强度高、粘结性好、易于加工等优点，广泛应用于电器冰箱冰柜、建筑墙体、工业管道及交通运输冷藏车的隔热保温是近年来应用需求新的增长点。但是，与传统无机隔热保温材料相比，包括聚氨酯泡沫材料在内的未阻燃高分子泡沫材料，具有易燃、火焰传播速度快等缺点，尤其是产烟量大的问题非常突出，已引起全社会的关注，尤其当其应用于建筑材料时，随着其的广泛使用，近年来发生的火灾事故已充分说明了这一点。
专利ZL200610043347.X提出了一种聚氨酯硬泡外墙外保温***材料，包括聚氨酯防潮底漆、聚氨酯硬体材料、界面剂、内含玻璃纤维网格布的抗裂聚合物水泥砂浆和饰面涂料。其特点是解决了外墙保温墙面裂缝的产生，提高了表面平整度和装饰性。但是该专利对材料的防火阻燃性没有提及，保温体系也没有防火阻燃的相关措施。另外的相关专利ZL200810204580 .0提出了一种喷涂型聚氨酯外墙保温***及其施工方法。其特征在于聚氨酯直接喷涂于涂有防潮底漆的基层墙面上，聚氨酯硬泡外设有找平层，找平层和聚氨酯硬泡间设有界面砂浆，找平层外设有耐碱网格布，网格布外是抹面砂浆。此保温***的特点是结构简单施工快捷，可有效的防止墙面空鼓、开裂、渗水等缺陷。该专利提出***具有阻火功能，其阻火功能的实现是通过界面砂浆和抹面聚合物砂浆阻隔作用来实现的，对聚氨酯硬泡材料本身的防火阻燃没有提及，而聚氨酯硬泡本身的防火阻燃性不好，将影响了整个体系的防火阻燃效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料及其制备方法，解决以往聚氨酯硬泡保温材料防火阻燃性能与力学性能相互矛盾的问题，提供一种兼具阻燃性能及优异力学性能的硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料，由A组份和B组份构成，按照重量份数计算，其中，A组份由聚醚多元醇60-80份、酚醛树脂30-40份、溴代环氧树脂20-30份、玻化微珠10-30份、膨胀蛭石10-20份、纳米二氧化硅5-15份、玻璃纤维3-8份、海泡石纤维5-10份、填料5-15份、发泡剂8-15份与助剂5-10份，B组分为多苯基多亚基多异氰酸酯；
所述助剂包括如下重量份数的组分：匀泡剂5-10份、催化剂1-5份、表面活性剂2-6份与阻燃剂0.5-3.5份。
优选的，按照重量份数计算，其中，A组份由聚醚多元醇70份、酚醛树脂35份、溴代环氧树脂25份、玻化微珠20份、膨胀蛭石15份、纳米二氧化硅10份、玻璃纤维5.5份、海泡石纤维7.5份、填料10份、发泡剂12份与助剂7.5份，B组分为多苯基多亚基多异氰酸酯；
所述助剂包括如下重量份数的组分：匀泡剂7.5份、催化剂3份、表面活性剂4.5份与阻燃剂2份。
优选的，所述膨胀蛭石的颗粒粒度为30-50目，堆积密度为90-100kg/m3，导热系数为0.01-0.03W/m.K。
优选的，所述纳米二氧化硅为二氧化硅米线或空心介孔二氧化硅米球。
优选的，所述玻璃纤维为直径3-8μm、长度1-3mm的超细玻璃纤维。
优选的，所述填料由碳酸钙、滑石粉、分子筛和陶土组成。
优选的，所述发泡剂为环戊烷或异戊烷。
优选的，所述匀泡剂为聚氧乙烯脂肪酰醇胺、聚丙烯酸脂、聚丙烯酰胺中的一种或两种以上，所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡、月桂酸二丁基锡、五甲基二乙烯三胺或四甲基己二胺，所述表面活性剂为聚醚改性有机硅氧烷，所述阻燃剂为由磷酸酯、氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝按1-5:2-4:1比例混合而成。
一种硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将聚醚多元醇、酚醛树脂、溴代环氧树脂进行预混合，然后加入玻化微珠、膨胀蛭石、纳米二氧化硅、玻璃纤维、海泡石纤维、填料、发泡剂和助剂得到A组份；
（2）将A组份与B组份混合发泡，即得硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料。
优选的，所述A组份与B组份的质量比为1:1.2-1.4。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：提供一种硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料及其制备方法，解决以往聚氨酯硬泡保温材料防火阻燃性能与力学性能相互矛盾的问题，提供一种兼具阻燃性能及优异力学性能的硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料，具体情况如下：
（1）本发明采用溴化环氧树脂与聚醚多元醇具有较好的相容性，通过加入溴化环氧树脂可以提高聚氨酯硬泡的力学强度，同时，提高聚氨酯硬泡的耐热性；
（2）本发明中采用酚醛树脂最突出的特点是阻燃、低烟、抗高温岐变，具有质量轻、绝热性好、耐热性能好、尺寸稳定性好等特点，在火中不燃烧，不熔化，也不会有滴落物，而且有很少的毒性气体排出，是国际上公认的建筑行业中最有发展前途的一种新型保温隔热材料，通过将其与聚氨酯集合，可以有效提高聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能，配合碳酸钙、滑石粉、分子筛和陶土等填料，使得阻燃保温性能得到进一步提高；
（3）本发明中采用包括膨胀性阻燃剂磷酸酯和无机氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝用于聚氨酯保温板的阻燃剂，可使本发明的聚氨酯具有良好的阻燃效果；
（4）本发明采用的膨胀蛭石具有导热系数低、阻燃、耐腐、吸音特点，通过加入膨胀蛭石可以增加聚氨酯泡沫的开孔率，延缓发泡凝胶和固化速度，减少泡沫成型后的收缩率；
（5）本发明采用的玻璃纤维可以起到增强孔壁和泡沫刚度的作用，且不会影响泡孔结构。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料，由A组份和B组份构成，按照重量份数计算，其中，A组份由聚醚多元醇70份、酚醛树脂35份、溴代环氧树脂25份、玻化微珠20份、膨胀蛭石15份、纳米二氧化硅10份、玻璃纤维5.5份、海泡石纤维7.5份、填料10份、发泡剂12份与助剂7.5份，B组分为多苯基多亚基多异氰酸酯；
所述助剂包括如下重量份数的组分：匀泡剂7.5份、催化剂3份、表面活性剂4.5份与阻燃剂2份。
其中，所述膨胀蛭石的颗粒粒度为40目，堆积密度为95kg/m3，导热系数为0.02W/m.K。
其中，所述纳米二氧化硅为二氧化硅米线或空心介孔二氧化硅米球。
其中，所述玻璃纤维为直径5.5μm、长度2mm的超细玻璃纤维。
其中，所述填料由碳酸钙、滑石粉、分子筛和陶土组成。
其中，所述发泡剂为环戊烷或异戊烷。
其中，所述匀泡剂为聚氧乙烯脂肪酰醇胺、聚丙烯酸脂、聚丙烯酰胺中的一种或两种以上，所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡、月桂酸二丁基锡、五甲基二乙烯三胺或四甲基己二胺，所述表面活性剂为聚醚改性有机硅氧烷，所述阻燃剂为由磷酸酯、氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝按3:3:1比例混合而成。
一种硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将聚醚多元醇、酚醛树脂、溴代环氧树脂进行预混合，然后加入玻化微珠、膨胀蛭石、纳米二氧化硅、玻璃纤维、海泡石纤维、填料、发泡剂和助剂得到A组份；
（2）将A组份与B组份混合发泡，即得硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料。
其中，所述A组份与B组份的质量比为1:1.3。
实施例2
一种硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料，由A组份和B组份构成，按照重量份数计算，其中，A组份由聚醚多元醇60份、酚醛树脂30份、溴代环氧树脂20份、玻化微珠10份、膨胀蛭石10份、纳米二氧化硅5份、玻璃纤维3份、海泡石纤维5份、填料5份、发泡剂8份与助剂5份，B组分为多苯基多亚基多异氰酸酯；
所述助剂包括如下重量份数的组分：匀泡剂5份、催化剂1份、表面活性剂2份与阻燃剂0.5份。
其中，所述膨胀蛭石的颗粒粒度为30目，堆积密度为90kg/m3，导热系数为0.01W/m.K。
其中，所述纳米二氧化硅为二氧化硅米线或空心介孔二氧化硅米球。
其中，所述玻璃纤维为直径3μm、长度1mm的超细玻璃纤维。
其中，所述填料由碳酸钙、滑石粉、分子筛和陶土组成。
其中，所述发泡剂为环戊烷或异戊烷。
其中，所述匀泡剂为聚氧乙烯脂肪酰醇胺、聚丙烯酸脂、聚丙烯酰胺中的一种或两种以上，所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡、月桂酸二丁基锡、五甲基二乙烯三胺或四甲基己二胺，所述表面活性剂为聚醚改性有机硅氧烷，所述阻燃剂为由磷酸酯、氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝按1:2:1比例混合而成。
一种硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将聚醚多元醇、酚醛树脂、溴代环氧树脂进行预混合，然后加入玻化微珠、膨胀蛭石、纳米二氧化硅、玻璃纤维、海泡石纤维、填料、发泡剂和助剂得到A组份；
（2）将A组份与B组份混合发泡，即得硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料。
其中，所述A组份与B组份的质量比为1:1.2。
实施例3
一种硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料，由A组份和B组份构成，按照重量份数计算，其中，A组份由聚醚多元醇80份、酚醛树脂40份、溴代环氧树脂30份、玻化微珠30份、膨胀蛭石20份、纳米二氧化硅15份、玻璃纤维8份、海泡石纤维10份、填料15份、发泡剂15份与助剂10份，B组分为多苯基多亚基多异氰酸酯；
所述助剂包括如下重量份数的组分：匀泡剂10份、催化剂5份、表面活性剂6份与阻燃剂3.5份。
其中，所述膨胀蛭石的颗粒粒度为50目，堆积密度为100kg/m3，导热系数为0.03W/m.K。
其中，所述纳米二氧化硅为二氧化硅米线或空心介孔二氧化硅米球。
其中，所述玻璃纤维为直径8μm、长度3mm的超细玻璃纤维。
其中，所述填料由碳酸钙、滑石粉、分子筛和陶土组成。
其中，所述发泡剂为环戊烷或异戊烷。
其中，所述匀泡剂为聚氧乙烯脂肪酰醇胺、聚丙烯酸脂、聚丙烯酰胺中的一种或两种以上，所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡、月桂酸二丁基锡、五甲基二乙烯三胺或四甲基己二胺，所述表面活性剂为聚醚改性有机硅氧烷，所述阻燃剂为由磷酸酯、氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝按5:4:1比例混合而成。
一种硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将聚醚多元醇、酚醛树脂、溴代环氧树脂进行预混合，然后加入玻化微珠、膨胀蛭石、纳米二氧化硅、玻璃纤维、海泡石纤维、填料、发泡剂和助剂得到A组份；
（2）将A组份与B组份混合发泡，即得硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料。
其中，所述A组份与B组份的质量比为1:1.4。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料，由A组份和B组份构成，其特征在于，按照重量份数计算，其中，A组份由聚醚多元醇60-80份、酚醛树脂30-40份、溴代环氧树脂20-30份、玻化微珠10-30份、膨胀蛭石10-20份、纳米二氧化硅5-15份、玻璃纤维3-8份、海泡石纤维5-10份、填料5-15份、发泡剂8-15份与助剂5-10份，B组分为多苯基多亚基多异氰酸酯；
所述助剂包括如下重量份数的组分：匀泡剂5-10份、催化剂1-5份、表面活性剂2-6份与阻燃剂0.5-3.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料，其特征在于，按照重量份数计算，其中，A组份由聚醚多元醇70份、酚醛树脂35份、溴代环氧树脂25份、玻化微珠20份、膨胀蛭石15份、纳米二氧化硅10份、玻璃纤维5.5份、海泡石纤维7.5份、填料10份、发泡剂12份与助剂7.5份，B组分为多苯基多亚基多异氰酸酯；
所述助剂包括如下重量份数的组分：匀泡剂7.5份、催化剂3份、表面活性剂4.5份与阻燃剂2份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料，其特征在于，所述膨胀蛭石的颗粒粒度为30-50目，堆积密度为90-100kg/m3，导热系数为0.01-0.03W/m.K。
4.根据权利要求1所述的硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料，其特征在于，所述纳米二氧化硅为二氧化硅米线或空心介孔二氧化硅米球。
5.根据权利要求1所述的硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料，其特征在于，所述玻璃纤维为直径3-8μm、长度1-3mm的超细玻璃纤维。
6.根据权利要求1所述的硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料，其特征在于，所述填料由碳酸钙、滑石粉、分子筛和陶土组成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为环戊烷或异戊烷。
8.根据权利要求1所述的硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料，其特征在于，所述匀泡剂为聚氧乙烯脂肪酰醇胺、聚丙烯酸脂、聚丙烯酰胺中的一种或两种以上，所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡、月桂酸二丁基锡、五甲基二乙烯三胺或四甲基己二胺，所述表面活性剂为聚醚改性有机硅氧烷，所述阻燃剂为由磷酸酯、氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝按1-5:2-4:1比例混合而成。
9.一种根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）将聚醚多元醇、酚醛树脂、溴代环氧树脂进行预混合，然后加入玻化微珠、膨胀蛭石、纳米二氧化硅、玻璃纤维、海泡石纤维、填料、发泡剂和助剂得到A组份；
（2）将A组份与B组份混合发泡，即得硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的硬质聚氨酯外墙阻燃保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述A组份与B组份的质量比为1:1.2-1.4。
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CN110093136A (zh) * 2019-04-29 2019-08-06 孙荣 晶须纤维基复合胶粘剂
CN115572362A (zh) * 2022-10-19 2023-01-06 江苏雅克科技股份有限公司 一种超细玻璃纤维连续毡增强型聚氨酯保温材料及其制备方法、应用
CN117736396A (zh) * 2023-12-19 2024-03-22 湖南省森研高分子新材料股份有限公司 一种聚氨酯隔热泡沫塑料及其制备方法

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Application publication date: 20170915