CN107162793A - A kind of Fertilizer Combination and its method of application of the mild or moderate cadmium pollution of prevention and control rice field - Google Patents
A kind of Fertilizer Combination and its method of application of the mild or moderate cadmium pollution of prevention and control rice field Download PDFInfo
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- CN107162793A CN107162793A CN201710520393.2A CN201710520393A CN107162793A CN 107162793 A CN107162793 A CN 107162793A CN 201710520393 A CN201710520393 A CN 201710520393A CN 107162793 A CN107162793 A CN 107162793A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of Fertilizer Combination and its application process of the mild or moderate cadmium pollution of prevention and control rice field, is related to fertilizer field, including for hindering the macroelement fertilizer that control rice grain absorbs to cadmium element；For suppressing cadmium element with transporting protein bound secondary nutrients in paddy rice；For reducing the soil conditioner of cadmium element in soil and rice straw to the transfer of rice grain.The inventive method ensures safety in production of the paddy rice in cadmium pollution soil by using macroelement fertilizer, secondary nutrients and soil conditioner in terms of cadmium element activity, soil cadmium content and paddy rice cadmium migration three, not only effect is good, and cost is low, using simplicity, remarkable in economical benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer field, more particularly in the Fertilizer Combination of the enterprising water-filling rice safety in production of cadmium pollution soil.
Background technology
Heavy metal cadmium (Cd) has the harm such as carcinogenic, teratogenesis, mutagenesis, is one of pollutant of various countries' priority acccess control, its
Pollution is worldwide widely present and increasingly sharpened.Activity of the cadmium in soil is higher, is migrated between soil-plant system
Ability is stronger, easily causes crops and water environment pollution, and passes into animal by food chain and human body causes harm.According to system
Meter, the cadmium that the whole world discharges into environment every year is up to 30,000 tons or so, and wherein 82%-94% can enter in soil, and China is every
Year is discharge the ton of cadmium total amount about more than 680 in environment by trade waste.Cadmium is topmost heavy metal pollution in China's soil
Thing, it is estimated that the arable land of China's only cadmium pollution just has 8,0,000,000 mu or so.In some with serious pollution areas, the effective cadmium in rice field
26 times of content even national normal value.Cadmium Pollution in Soils problem turns into restriction China economy and social sustainable development
One of great environmental problem, its pollution prevention, prediction and warning are extremely urgent.
Cadmium is human body non-essential element, and cadmium can enter human body by breathing, diet or other approach, when cadmium is dense in human body
When degree reaches certain limit, cadmium poisoning [58] will be triggered.Cadmium can suppress many with inside of human body point protein molecule set
The activity of enzyme, and then influence the normal function [60] of enzyme system in kidney, liver organ.Cadmium also there is carcinogenic aberration inducing to act on,
Severe poisoning can be directly resulted in dead.Chronic cadium poisoning, which can be damaged, can also cause anaemia [61].Since nineteen fifty-five Japan
It was found that the Itai-itai diseases that Fushan Mountain county occurs after World War II is since food containing Cd is eaten for a long time and drinks caused by water containing Cd, Cd have polluted
Problem, which starts to cause people, more and more to be paid close attention to, and has carried out substantial amounts of research.Cd is arranged in the international conference of 1971
For one of five kinds of materials the most dangerous in environmental pollution.
Cadmium is one of bio-toxicity most strong heavy metal element, the chemism in upper earth is strong, toxicity persistently, it is easily logical
Cross the enrichment harm human health of food chain.In the last few years, exceeded, the frequency that is detected cadmium of the multiple batches of rice headed by Hunan
Existing " cadmium rice " event, and pushed soil heavy metal cadmium to the teeth of the storm.Cadmium is to make farmland contaminated most universal, biological
Toxicity most strong heavy metal element, its chemism in the environment is strong, occurrence patterns are more, mobility is big, toxicity is lasting, easily
Human health is jeopardized by the enrichment of food chain.Therefore, then comprehensively understand the basis of soil heavy metal cadmium present situation
On, carry out the geochemical behaviour research of the pollution of cadmium, and using the control of various methods and reduce harm of the cadmium to human body, it is ensured that
The grain security in Sichuan Province, realizes that the sustainable use of the whole province's soil is significant.
Described in national Soil Pollution Investigation publication according to Environmental Protection Department and Ministry of Land and Resources in issue in 2014,
National soil environment situation totally allows of no optimist, and some areas soil pollution is heavier, and arable soil environmental quality causes anxiety.National soil
The point position exceeding standard rate of earth always is 16.1%, and wherein arable soil point position exceeding standard rate is 19.4%.In terms of the exceeded situation of pollutant, cadmium
It is 7.0% to pollute object point position exceeding standard rate, is primary pollutant in soil, and for Sichuan Province, pollution condition is more not
Hold and ignore, the point position exceeding standard rate of the whole province's soil always is 28.7%, cadmium pollution object point position exceeding standard rate is 20.8%, significantly larger than other
Pollutant.And the main contaminated areas of soil is：Panxi Diqu, Chengdu Plain, southern Sichuan, especially using Chengdu Plain as generation
Table, current research shows, Chengdu Plain economic zone agricultural land soil Cd contents generally in mild-moderate level of pollution (Li Bing,
2014.), Chengdu Plain economic zone heavy metal Cd ecological risk is higher, and Cd risk index, more than 1, is whole district's life in various regions
State risk highest heavy metal.And because atmosphere dried wet deposition and the unreasonable of chemical fertilizer use, upper soll layer Cd contents can be held
Continuous increase, increases 0.006mg/kg every year.Substantially, pH value reduces by 0.02 to soil acidification speed every year, and this is also to a certain extent
Exacerbate the poisonous effect (soup grotesque peak, 2007.) of cadmium in soil.Therefore the correlation for carrying out cadmium in the cadmium pollution soil in Sichuan Province is dirty
Dye research is very necessary.
At present, administering the approach of heavy metal pollution of soil mainly has two kinds, and one is the presence for changing heavy metal in soil
Form, make its passivation fix, reduce its migration and bioavailability in the environment；Two be that a huge sum of money is removed from soil
Category.Around both governance ways, various physics, chemistry and biological treating method are proposed.Although China is in remediation contaminated soil
With having been had made some progress in reparation, but most methods are still in laboratory batch experiment and simulated test stage, reach
The maturation method of field application degree is less.From the point of view of restorative procedure, Physical mainly using engineering measure for example soil moved in improve the original, soil removal and replacement,
Dig, go the methods such as table soil, it is adaptable to most of pollutants and a variety of conditions, regulation effect thoroughly, stably, but this method invest
Greatly, implement complicated, easily changing soil property, cause soil fertility to decline, thus be difficult to large area in the realistic case uses.
Bioanalysis mainly absorbs the heavy metal in soil using super enriching plant, is then removed by harvesting super enriching plant in soil
Heavy metal, but there is certain limitation in the field popularization and application of this method, and this method is needed by hydroponics, potted plant and crop field
Test to screen the crop that there is pollutant low absorption ability, and the crop also needs to be adapted with local farm environment,
Meet local agricultural needs, it is seen then that summarize a set of corresponding triage techniques with method system in other excessive risk farmlands
Although the screening of low absorption crop has good referential, refinement and the process summarized are complex, workload and difficulty
It is larger.
The content of the invention
To meet the demand that rice safety plantation is carried out in cadmium pollution soil, the present invention, which provides one kind, can hinder control paddy rice pair
Cadmium element absorbs and can suppress Fertilizer Combination and application process that cadmium element is migrated to rice grain.
To realize the technical purpose of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of Fertilizer Combination of prevention and control rice field mild or moderate cadmium pollution,
Including：
For hindering the macroelement fertilizer that control rice grain absorbs to cadmium element；
For suppressing cadmium element with transporting protein bound secondary nutrients in paddy rice；
For reducing the soil conditioner of cadmium element in soil and rice straw to the transfer of rice grain.
Wherein, the macroelement fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
Particularly, the effective content of nitrogen in a great number of elements, the effective content of phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is effective
Content ratio is (9-13)：(4-8)：(4-8).
It is preferred that, the effective content of nitrogen in a great number of elements, the effective content of phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide it is effective
Content ratio is (10-12)：(5-7)：(5-7).
It is further preferred that the effective content of nitrogen, the effective content of phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in a great number of elements
Effective content ratio be 11：6：6.
Wherein, the nitrogenous fertilizer is selected from urea；Phosphate fertilizer is selected from phosphorus ammonium；Potash fertilizer is selected from potassium sulfate.
Wherein, the secondary nutrients is iron fertilizer.
Wherein, the iron fertilizer is from the one or more in ferrous sulfate or EDDHA-Fe.
Wherein, the soil conditioner includes the one or more in lime, chicken manure, titanium gypsum.
To realize the technical purpose of the present invention, further aspect of the present invention provides one kind and uses prevention and control rice field mild or moderate cadmium pollution
The method of fertilizer, including：
Before Rice Cropping is carried out, part macroelement fertilizer is applied to rice field, cadmium ion activity in soil is in
Reduced levels；
Soil conditioner is applied into the soil for applying part macroelement fertilizer soil improvement, reduction soil are carried out to rice field
Cadmium ion content in earth；
After rice transplanting to paddy soil, to the rice application secondary nutrients in growth period and remaining a large amount of members
Fertilizer, so as to reduce the rapid determination of content of cadmium element in rice grain.
Wherein, the part macroelement fertilizer includes a small amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, a small amount of potash fertilizer and whole phosphate fertilizer.
Wherein, a small amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the total component 20-47% of nitrogenous fertilizer, and a small amount of potash fertilizer accounts for the 20-47% of the total component of potash fertilizer.
Preferably, a small amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the total component 35-40% of nitrogenous fertilizer, and a small amount of potash fertilizer accounts for the 35-40% of the total component of potash fertilizer.
It is further preferred that a small amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the total component 40% of nitrogenous fertilizer, a small amount of potash fertilizer accounts for the 40% of the total component of potash fertilizer.
Wherein, the growth period of the administration moderate-element be boot stage, blooming stage and in the pustulation period one of them or it is many
Individual period.
Wherein, the weight element fertilizer is iron fertilizer.
Wherein, one or more of the iron fertilizer in ferrous sulfate or EDDHA-Fe.
Wherein, the application concentration of the iron fertilizer is 0.2%wt.
Wherein, it is described using remaining macroelement fertilizer be tillering stage in growth period.
Beneficial effect：
1st, the inventive method is lived by using macroelement fertilizer, secondary nutrients and soil conditioner from cadmium element
Property, soil cadmium content and paddy rice cadmium migration three aspect ensure paddy rice in the safety in production of cadmium pollution soil, not only effect is good, and
And cost is low, using simplicity.
2nd, the inventive method utilizes the work that cadmium element in part macroelement fertilizer, reduction soil is first applied into soil
Property, the modifying agent that is then manured into soil again improves to soil, utilizes cadmium member in the physical property reduction soil of soil conditioner
Secondary nutrients and remaining macroelement fertilizer, reduction are applied in the content of element, the most backward paddy rice field in growth period
The aspect of rapid determination of content of cadmium element in rice grain, not only makes the cadmium content in rice grain be in reduced levels, and improve
Rice yield, realizes safety in production and is produced with a large amount, remarkable in economical benefits.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.But these embodiments be only limitted to explanation the present invention without
For limiting the scope of the present invention.The experimental method of unreceipted specific experiment condition in the following example, generally according to conventional strip
Part, or according to the condition proposed by manufacturer.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.But these embodiments be only limitted to explanation the present invention without
For limiting the scope of the present invention.The experimental method of unreceipted specific experiment condition in the following example, generally according to conventional strip
Part, or according to the condition proposed by manufacturer.
The present invention is experimental field located at the paddy rice main producing region of Chengdu Plain, and physical features is flat, and abundant water irrigates facility, farming
It is convenient, have a moderate climate, abundant rainfall.Long-term 15-16 DEG C of temperature on average, annual sunshine time 1200 hours, 270 days frost-free periods
Left and right, average annual 960 millimeters of rainfall.The In The Soils rice soil of Project Areas, new product soil, 3 great soil groups of yellow earth, more than 20 soil
Kind.Wherein rice soil accounts for more than 90%.Soil preferably kind property is wider, and cereal crops are based on paddy rice, and industrial crops are with vegetable cultivation
Based on, soil cadmium content is 1.4-2.3mg/kg, higher than the second grade soil cadmium content model (0.3 of China's standard of soil environment quality
~0.5mg/kg)
Embodiment 1
Selection urea is that nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus ammonium are that phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate are potash fertilizer, weighs respectively, distinguishes the amount of application of N P and K
It is 11kg/ mus, P for N effective content2O5Effective content be 6kg/ mus, K2O effective content is 6kg/ mus.
Into paddy soil, urea, 40% potassium sulfate and 100% phosphate fertilizer of application 40% are as base fertilizer, then by lime
150kg/ mus are uniformly sprinkling upon in paddy soil, and turn over and make soil fully mix with passivator to contact, rice shoot is carried out after 3-5 days
Transplant, after paddy rice enters tillering stage, apply remaining urea and potassium sulfate, and ferrous sulfate is sprayed to paddy rice in blooming stage.
Other are identical with conventional field mode.After paddy rice is ripe, cadmium content and rice field in detection yield and seed
Cadmium content, result of the test is as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 2
Selection urea is that nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus ammonium are that phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate are potash fertilizer, weighs respectively, distinguishes the amount of application of N P and K
It is 9kg/ mus, P for N effective content2O5Effective content be 5kg/ mus, K2O effective content is 7kg/ mus.
Into paddy soil, urea, 20% potassium sulfate and 100% phosphate fertilizer of application 47% are as base fertilizer, then by titanium gypsum
600kg/ mus are uniformly sprinkling upon in paddy soil, and turn over and make soil fully mix with passivator to contact, rice shoot is carried out after 3-5 days
Transplant, after paddy rice enters tillering stage, apply remaining urea and potassium sulfate, and EDDHA-Fe is sprayed to paddy rice in blooming stage.
After paddy rice is ripe, cadmium content and rice field cadmium content in detection yield and seed, result of the test are as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 3
Selection urea is that nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus ammonium are that phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate are potash fertilizer, weighs respectively, distinguishes the amount of application of N P and K
It is 13kg/ mus, P for N effective content2O5Effective content be 7kg/ mus, K2O effective content is 8kg/ mus.
Into paddy soil, urea, 35% potassium sulfate and 100% phosphate fertilizer of application 20% are as base fertilizer, then by titanium gypsum
1200kg/ mus are uniformly sprinkling upon in paddy soil, and turn over and make soil fully mix with passivator to contact, seedling is carried out after 3-5 days
Transplantation of seedlings, after paddy rice enters tillering stage, applies remaining urea and potassium sulfate, and spray EDDHA- to paddy rice in blooming stage
Fe。
After paddy rice is ripe, cadmium content and rice field cadmium content in detection yield and seed, result of the test are as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 4
Selection urea is that nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus ammonium are that phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate are potash fertilizer, weighs respectively, distinguishes the amount of application of N P and K
It is 10kg/ mus, P for N effective content2O5Effective content be 4kg/ mus, K2O effective content is 5kg/ mus.
Into paddy soil, urea, 35% potassium sulfate and 100% phosphate fertilizer of application 35% are as base fertilizer, then by titanium gypsum
900kg/ mus are uniformly sprinkling upon in paddy soil, and turn over and make soil fully mix with passivator to contact, rice shoot is carried out after 3-5 days
Transplant, after paddy rice enters tillering stage, apply remaining urea and potassium sulfate, and EDDHA-Fe is sprayed to paddy rice in blooming stage.
After paddy rice is ripe, cadmium content and rice field cadmium content in detection yield and seed, result of the test are as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 5
Selection urea is that nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus ammonium are that phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate are potash fertilizer, weighs respectively, distinguishes the amount of application of N P and K
It is 12kg/ mus, P for N effective content2O5Effective content be 8kg/ mus, K2O effective content is 4kg/ mus.
Into paddy soil, urea, 47% potassium sulfate and 100% phosphate fertilizer of application 35% are as base fertilizer, then by chicken manure
150kg/ mus are uniformly sprinkling upon in paddy soil, and turn over and make soil fully mix with passivator to contact, rice shoot is carried out after 3-5 days
Transplant, after paddy rice enters tillering stage, apply remaining urea and potassium sulfate, and EDDHA-Fe is sprayed to paddy rice in blooming stage.
After paddy rice is ripe, cadmium content and rice field cadmium content in detection yield and seed, result of the test are as shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
Not apply fertilizer as control 1, other field management are same as the previously described embodiments, testing result such as table 1.
Comparative example 2
Only to apply macroelement fertilizer into rice field as control 2, other field management are same as the previously described embodiments, detection
As a result such as table 1.
Comparative example 3
So that only into rice field, liming is control 3, other field management are same as the previously described embodiments, testing result such as table
1。
The testing result of table 1
| Yield | Cadmium content in seed | Rice field chromium content | |
| Embodiment 1 | 10685.8 | 0.05mg/kg | 0.26mg/kg |
| Embodiment 2 | 12362.4 | 0.03mg/kg | 0.24mg/kg |
| Embodiment 3 | 11443.2 | 0.06mg/kg | 0.30mg/kg |
| Embodiment 4 | 11808.6 | 0.08mg/kg | 0.31mg/kg |
| Embodiment 5 | 10543.7 | 0.12mg/kg | 0.31mg/kg |
| Control 1 | 7103.4 | 0.34mg/kg | 0.45mg/kg |
| Control 2 | 8468.8 | 0.38mg/kg | 0.5mg/kg |
| Control 3 | 7768.8 | 0.40mg/kg | 0.42mg/kg |
It can be seen from the testing result of table 1, not only yield is higher than cadmium content in control 1-3, and seed to the inventive method
Meet state food safety standard requirement, also, the inventive method reduces cadmium content level in soil.
The macroelement fertilizer species of test example 1 and the influence with comparison Rice Absorbed Cadmium
Inventor has found by lot of experiments, in the case of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium application rate identical, different fertilizer species and proportioning
The yield of paddy rice can be not only improved in various degree, and has notable difference to rice absorbing cadmium content.Below with urea and chlorination
Ammonium is nitrogenous fertilizer, by phosphorus ammonium and calcium superphosphate for phosphate fertilizer, so that potassium chloride and potassium sulfate are potash fertilizer as an example, multifactorial experiment is set, and
It is experimental field cadmium slight pollution horizontal soil earth (pH is 6.18, full cadmium content 0.53mg/kg) not apply fertilizer as control, field pipe
Reason method is same as Example 1, finally counts the yield of each processing, while detecting cadmium content, result of the test such as table 2 in seed
It is shown：
The a large amount of fertilizer test results of table 2
Results showed that according to table reaches compared with not applying fertilizer using the rate of growth of a large amount of fertilizer
17.17%~27.44%, wherein with two processing yield highests of urea+phosphorus ammonium+potassium chloride, urea+phosphorus ammonium+potassium sulfate, volume increase
Rate more than 27%；Secondly it is that ammonium chloride+phosphorus ammonium+potassium chloride and ammonium chloride+phosphorus ammonium+potassium sulfate two are handled, rate of growth 24% or so.
All in all, the rice yield that phosphate fertilizer is handled with phosphorus ammonium increases production 5.27% than the rice yield that calcium superphosphate is handled；And nitrogenous fertilizer and
It is not notable to the yield effect difference of paddy rice between potash fertilizer kind.
It can be seen that cadmium content level experimental field is higher according to result in table, the full cadmium content of seed of all processing all surpasses
National standard (0.20mg/kg) is crossed, but different fertilizer species has notable difference with Rice Absorbed Cadmium content is compared.With common urine
Element+calcium superphosphate+potassium chloride pattern is compared, and it is that rice straw after potassium sulfate and seed cadmium content are significantly reduced to change potash fertilizer, seed
Cadmium content declines 21.67%；Double chlorine fertilizer (ammonium chloride+potassium chloride) are administered simultaneously, and rice straw and seed cadmium content are all notable
Increase, wherein with the rice grain cadmium content highest of ammonium chloride+calcium superphosphate+potassium chloride processing.From the point of view of nitrogen fertilizers, four
It is high by 11.91% compared with the content for applying Urea treatment using the rice grain cadmium content of ammonium chloride soil fertility quality；Come from phosphate fertilizer variety
See, the rice grain cadmium content handled using calcium superphosphate is compared with the content increase by 13.50% that phosphorus ammonium is handled is applied, from potash fertilizer kind
From the point of view of, the rice grain cadmium content handled using potassium chloride is high by 15.83% compared with the cadmium content for applying potassium sulfate processing.It can be seen that, urine
The effect that element+phosphorus ammonium+potassium sulfate processing controls rice grain Cd uptake to resistance is best.Because dissolving of the potassium sulfate in soil
Degree is relatively low, and the solubility of potassium chloride is higher, in being manured into soil after, the substantial amounts of potassium ion of hydrolysis can be by the cadmium in soil
Ion exchange comes out, and causes the activity rising of the cadmium ion in soil.And after urea is applied, due to can hydrolysis ammonia root first
Ion, afterwards rapidly by microorganism conversion be nitrate ion, and nitrate ion be anion, the competition to cadmium in soil
Property absorption influence it is relatively low, therefore do not interfere with the activity of cadmium in soil using urea.
Therefore, the application uses a great number of elements that is made up of urea+phosphorus ammonium+potassium sulfate as base manure or topdresses and be applied to cadmium
Pollute in rice field, can effectively hinder absorption of the control rice grain to cadmium element, so as to reduce the rapid determination of content of cadmium element in seed, realize
Safety in production of the paddy rice in cadmium pollution rice field.
The influence research of test example 2 different iron fertilizer species and application process to rice yield and Cd uptake
Inventor has found that middle micro- administration has bright with application process to rice absorbing cadmium content by lot of experiments
Significant difference is different, and the especially administration of ferro element influences more notable, following fertilizer application method with application process on Rice Absorbed Cadmium
And exemplified by different iron fertilizer species, experimental study is carried out to different rice varieties, comprised the following steps that：
1st, materials and methods
Experimental study is carried out on the soil of cadmium slight pollution level (pH is 6.18, full cadmium content 0.53mg/kg).Experiment
Two kinds of iron fertilizers (EDDHA-Fe 6%, FeSO are designed altogether4·7H2O 20.1%) and two kinds of application processes (soil application and spray).Iron fertilizer
Species and application process are processing, each 3 repetitions of processing, plot area 30m2(5m × 6m), cultivation specification be 30cm ×
20cm (9 cun × 6 cun), per the rows of great Qu 20, often the cave of row 25, does 30cm ridge, 80cm aisle is stayed between repeating between processing.Every mu of fertilizer
Consumption is 11kgN, 5kgP2O5、6kgK2O, fertilizer variety is the combination of urea, phosphorus ammonium and potassium sulfate that experimental example is verified, fertilizer
Application process：Base fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 40%, and phosphate fertilizer is whole, potash fertilizer 40%；Tillering fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 60%, potash fertilizer 60%.Iron fertilizer is applied
(as shown in table 3) is carried out by experimental design scheme, other management are identical with local high-yield culturing.
The experimental design of table 3
2 test results and analysis
During crop harvesting, each cell singles, single receipts, the mode of single meter production is taken to carry out survey production.In each cell according to
At random, many sample prescriptions (more than 5), principle the collection rice plant and each 1kg of seed samples or so of equivalent, monitor agricultural samples
Total cadmium equal size, result of the test is as shown in table 4.
The influence of table 4 different iron fertilizer species and application process to rice yield
Those skilled in the art have been generally acknowledged that paddy rice because under the growth conditions often in waterflooding, melt quality is relatively other
Micronutrient element is difficult to lack, but inventor is in lot of experiments and research process is carried out, and finds after rice application iron fertilizer
The change of its yield but exceeds common expectation significantly.It can be seen from the data in table 4, ferrous sulfate and EDDHA-Fe base fertilizer soil
To apply and topdress and spray the yield that two methods significantly increase four rice varieties, Hunan No. 12 rate of growths of evening Xian are 1.33%~
9.44%, average rate of growth is 6.15%.From the point of view of 2 kinds of iron fertilizer species and 2 kinds of application processes, EDDHA-Fe topdresses the increasing sprayed
Produce effect preferably, the average rate of growth in four rice varieties is 10.28%；Secondly it is ferrous sulfate base fertilizer soil application, it is average
Rate of growth is 8.30%；Ferrous sulfate topdress spray processing average rate of growth it is minimum, be 5.77%, it is seen then that even if paddy rice pass through
The growth conditions of waterflooding is often in, the supply of melt quality is also needed.
According to Fig. 1 it can also be seen that the administration of iron fertilizer influences notable to kind of rice Cd contents.It is aobvious that EDDHA-Fe sprays processing
The rice Cd contents for reducing four rice varieties are write, rice Cd contents averagely decline 20.87%, Hunan No. 12 falls of evening Xian
Up to 44.67%.The rice Cd contents of ferrous sulfate bottom application processing averagely decline 11.76%.Ferrous sulfate topdress spray and
It is respectively 11.66% and 5.36% that EDDHA-Fe base fertilizer soil application two, which is handled to the average rate of decrease for controlling rice Cd contents,.
The different times of experimental example 3 spray influence of the iron fertilizer to rice yield and Cd uptake
In order to realize the technical purpose of the present invention, inventor has also carried out research and probe to the period for spraying iron fertilizer, specifically
Experiment is as follows：
1 materials and methods
Experimental study is carried out on the soil (pH is 5.93, full cadmium content 0.58mg/kg) of cadmium slight pollution level.Experiment
Rice varieties are river excellent 6203, and foliage-spray iron fertilizer is EDDHA-Fe (6%).Experiment uses RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, each handles 3
Secondary repetition, plot area 20m2(4m × 5m), cultivation specification is 30cm × 20cm (9 cun × 6 cun), per the row of area 14, often the cave of row 25,
Processing interval 50cm, 100cm aisle is stayed between repeating.Every mu of fertilizer amount is 11kgN, 5kgP2O5、6kgK2O, common fertilizer kind
For urea, phosphorus ammonium and potassium sulfate, fertilizer application method：Base fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 40%, and phosphate fertilizer is whole, potash fertilizer 40%；Tillering fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer
Account for 60%, potash fertilizer 60%.Iron fertilizer is applied carries out (as shown in table 4) by experimental design scheme, other management and local high-yield culturing
It is identical.
The different times of table 4 spray iron fertilizer experimental design
2nd, result and analysis
Experiment uses RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, each 3 repetitions of processing, and each experimental plot area 13.3m2, width is not small
With rammed earth, simultaneously cover film prevents between different cultivars with null being isolated in infiltration, cell between 2m, cell.Between each processing
In addition to process content, remaining farming operation (irrigation, fertilising, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control) should be consistent.Species test and sampling：During crop harvesting,
Each cell singles, single receipts, the mode of single meter production is taken to carry out survey production.In each cell according to random, many sample prescriptions (5 with
On), the principle of equivalent collection rice plant and each 1kg of seed samples or so, monitor the total cadmium equal size of agricultural samples.
Table 5
It can be seen from the result shown in table 5, different times are carried out to paddy rice and spray iron fertilizer, the examination of its yield and test example 2
Test result unanimously, spray the yield that EDDHA-Fe is conducive to improving paddy rice.Compared with spray clear water control treatment, boot stage sprays
Iron fertilizer units increased in production highest, up to 602.7kg/hm2, amplification is 6.42%；Next to that the pustulation period sprays iron fertilizer processing, volume increase
513.3kg/hm2, amplification is 5.47%.Blooming stage sprays iron fertilizer processing and boot stage, three periods point of blooming stage and pustulation period
The processing units increased in production not sprayed once is closer to, amplification about 2.5% or so.As can be seen here, boot stage sprays iron fertilizer and paddy rice is increased
Production effect is optimal.
Result according to table 5 can also be seen that same rice varieties spray the rice Cd contents respectively handled after iron fertilizer
There is different degrees of reduction, spraying time is more early, Cd contents superelevation in rice.Four spray iron fertilizer processing in, with booting
The rice Cd contents that phase, blooming stage and pustulation period respectively spray an EDDHA-Fe processing are minimum.All straw for spraying iron fertilizer processing
All relatively the processing of spray clear water is dramatically increased stalk Cd contents, the stalk Cd content highests of iron fertilizer processing is sprayed with blooming stage, secondly to be pregnant
Ear period, blooming stage and pustulation period respectively spray single treatment, and the stalk Cd contents that the pustulation period sprays iron fertilizer processing are minimum.All sprays
Rice/stalk Cd the contents for applying iron fertilizer processing are remarkably decreased than all, during with blooming stage and boot stage, blooming stage and pustulation period three
Phase sprays rice/stalk Cd contents of once two processing than minimum respectively, and this shows that paddy rice sprays iron fertilizer and reduces cadmium in stalk
Shifted into rice, it is suppressed that Cd accumulation in rice, it is seen then that blooming stage and boot stage, three periods of blooming stage and pustulation period
Spraying respectively once can be as a kind of practical way for controlling Cd concentration of brown rice.
From rice straw and seed from the point of view of iron content, spray the iron content after iron fertilizer in rice and stalk and all significantly increase
Plus.It is that blooming stage is sprayed to increase most processing in rice, and content reaches 156.4mg/kg；The processing of content highest is pregnant in stalk
Ear period is sprayed.From the point of view of period is sprayed, the iron time is sprayed closer to the rice formation phase, iron content increase is more in its rice, but
It is not further added by when content is reached more than 150, and iron rule is lower with the more late content of spraying time in stalk.Rice/stalk iron content ratio
Value is significantly larger than rice/stalk Cd content ratios, and this shows that the speed that iron is shifted from plant to rice in paddy rice is far above Cd.Rice
Rice/stalk iron content ratio gradually increases with the passage of spraying time.Boot stage, three periods of blooming stage and pustulation period spray respectively
Apply iron content in single treatment rice and stalk all higher.Therefore, iron fertilizer is sprayed after blooming stage and is conducive to iron content in rice
Accumulation.
Same rice varieties different times spray EDDHA-Fe, and rice Fe contents are in notable negative with rice Cd contents
Close (P<0.05), its linear regression equation is y=-0.0007+0.426.This, which enters, a little illustrates, Fe and Cd is competition in paddy rice body
Transhipment relation, after more Fe nutrition has been transported to rice, its transhipment amount to Cd necessarily declines, and contains so as to reduce rice Cd
Amount.
From different rice varieties apply iron fertilizer after stalk Fe contents it is similar with the correlation of rice Cd contents, same paddy rice product
It is in extremely significantly negative correlation (P to plant different times and spray rice straw Fe contents and rice Cd contents after EDDHA-Fe<0.01), its line
Property regression equation be y=-0.0007x+0.5246.Under the rice Cd contents in river excellent 6203 are with the increase of Fe contents in stalk
Drop, therefore, the correlation analysis of stalk and rice Fe contents and Cd shows, turning for rice Cd can be controlled by spraying EDDHA-Fe
Move, reduce rice Cd contents.
The different modifying agents of test example 4 control the influence of Rice Absorbed Cadmium to resistance
Inventor applies different modifying agents in cadmium pollution soil, has carried out experimental study, explores different modifying agents and resistance is controlled
The influence of Rice Absorbed Cadmium, is tested as modifying agent using chicken manure, lime, wheat stalk rape stalk and titanium gypsum, is adopted below
Collect yield and Cd concentration of brown rice data, its operation is carried out using usual manner in addition to used modifying agent is different, experiment knot
Fruit is as shown in table 6
Influence of the different modifying agents of table 6 to rice yield
The rice yield underproduction that data in table can be seen that administration chicken manure processing is more serious, and this may be with this
Experimental field soil fertility condition is higher, and more serious using rice lodging after chicken manure, so as to cause the underproduction relevant.Liming processing
Rice yield slightly have reduction compared with CK, but the underproduction is not notable.The rice yield handled using Wheat Straw and rape stalk has bright
Aobvious volume increase, wherein to add rape stalk processing amount of increase in production highest, up to 5.79%.Using the paddy rice production of self-control modifying agent processing
Amount is increased slightly, but is increased production not notable.All in all, in addition to chicken manure, either organic amendment or inorganic amendment, only
Want consumption and method proper, the paddy rice underproduction can't be caused.
The rice straw and seed cadmium content significant difference of different improved treatments.From the point of view of seed cadmium content, liming,
Chicken manure and the rice grain cadmium content of titanium gypsum processing are all substantially reduced, and the range of decrease is 18.82%~31.76% compared with CK, its
The effect of middle titanium gypsum is best.The rice grain cadmium content handled using wheat stalk and rape stalk all increased, wherein
The amplification highest handled with rape stalk, up to 22.35%.In five kinds of modifying agents, handled using chicken manure, lime and titanium gypsum
Seed/stalk cadmium content compares CK and is remarkably decreased, and this explanation applies chicken manure, lime and titanium gypsum, effective except reducing soil
Outside cadmium content, while also reducing the transfer ratio of cadmium in rice straw to seed.It can be seen that, titanium gypsum and lime are to resistance control paddy rice
Cd uptake play the role of it is obvious, while not interfering with rice yield yet.
Test example 5
Inventor also carries out experimental study to the consumption of titanium gypsum, and specific method is as follows：
It is 300 to set titanium gypsum consumption/hm2、600/hm2、900/hm2、1200/hm2, yield data is gathered, and detect seed
Grain cadmium content, result of the test is as shown in table 7：
The result of the test of table 7
Under the different modifying agent consumptions of results showed that according to table 7, the change of production of paddy rice is larger.With without
Modifying agent is compared, and as mu consumption 300kg, rice yield slightly has reduction, but difference is not notable；As mu consumption 600kg, paddy rice
Yield is increased slightly, but still difference is not notable.After mu consumption 900kg and 1200kg, rice yield is dramatically increased, amplification
5.16%~6.23%.From the point of view of the change of rice yield, suitable modifying agent consumption is 900kg/ mus.
From the point of view of rice grain cadmium content, the seed cadmium content of all processing of this experiment is all low compared with national standard, meets peace
Full Rice Standards.From the point of view of different modifying agent consumptions, seed cadmium content is all significantly reduced compared with CK under four modifying agent consumptions, still
Rice straw cadmium content substantially increases, and seed/stalk cadmium content of paddy rice is reduced than the increase also with modifying agent consumption, this
Show that applying self-control modifying agent shifts reduction rice straw cadmium into seed, so as to reduce seed cadmium content.From rice grain
From the point of view of cadmium content, suitable modifying agent consumption is 600kg/ mus.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of Fertilizer Combination of prevention and control rice field mild or moderate cadmium pollution, it is characterised in that including：
For hindering the macroelement fertilizer that control rice grain absorbs to cadmium element；
For suppressing cadmium element with transporting protein bound secondary nutrients in paddy rice；
For reducing the soil conditioner of cadmium element in soil and rice straw to the transfer of rice grain.
2. the Fertilizer Combination as shown in claim 1, it is characterised in that the macroelement fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium
Fertilizer, wherein, the nitrogenous fertilizer is selected from urea；Phosphate fertilizer is selected from phosphorus ammonium；Potash fertilizer is selected from potassium sulfate.
3. the Fertilizer Combination as shown in claim 1, it is characterised in that the secondary nutrients is iron fertilizer, wherein, the iron
Fertilizer is from the one or more in ferrous sulfate or EDDHA-Fe.
4. the Fertilizer Combination as shown in claim 1, it is characterised in that the soil conditioner includes lime, chicken manure, titanium gypsum
In one or more.
5. Fertilizer Combination as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the effective content of nitrogen, five in the macroelement fertilizer
The effective content ratio of the effective content and potassium oxide that aoxidize two phosphorus is (9-13)：(4-8)：(4-8).
6. a kind of method of use prevention and control rice field mild or moderate cadmium pollution fertilizer, it is characterised in that including：
Before Rice Cropping is carried out, part macroelement fertilizer is applied to rice field, makes cadmium ion in soil active in relatively low
Level；
Soil conditioner is applied into the soil for applying part macroelement fertilizer to carry out rice field in soil improvement, reduction soil
Cadmium ion content；
After rice transplanting to paddy soil, to the rice application secondary nutrients in growth period and remaining a great number of elements fertilizer
Material, so as to reduce the rapid determination of content of cadmium element in rice grain.
7. the method as shown in claim 6, it is characterised in that the part macroelement fertilizer includes a small amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, a small amount of
Potash fertilizer and whole phosphate fertilizer, wherein, a small amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the total component 20-47% of nitrogenous fertilizer, and a small amount of potash fertilizer accounts for the 20- of the total component of potash fertilizer
47%.
8. the Fertilizer Combination as shown in claim 6, it is characterised in that the growth period of the administration moderate-element be boot stage,
Wherein one or more periods in blooming stage and pustulation period.
9. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the soil conditioner is included in lime, chicken manure, titanium gypsum
It is one or more.
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| CN107889705A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-10 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Rice base applies passivator drop living imposed with tillering stage and combining for iron fertilizer root control drops cadmium method |
| CN109134147A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-04 | 中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站 | A kind of paddy soil conditioner and its application method |
| CN109258356A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-25 | 浙江大学台州研究院 | Inhibit the method for rice absorbing arsenic cadmium using gypsum composite |
| CN109609131A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-12 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | A kind of iron-based conditioner and its preparation method and application for reducing rice cadmium |
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| CN110558177A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-12-13 | 桂林理工大学 | Method for safely planting rice on cadmium-polluted rice field soil by using EDDHA chelated iron fertilizer |
| CN110746977A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-02-04 | 浙江大学 | Safe utilization method of cadmium-lead-arsenic polluted farmland based on industrial byproduct titanium gypsum |
| CN111454099A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-07-28 | 湖南玖恪环境工程有限公司 | Set fertilizer for reducing cadmium in paddy rice, fertilizing method of set fertilizer and application |
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| CN110558177A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-12-13 | 桂林理工大学 | Method for safely planting rice on cadmium-polluted rice field soil by using EDDHA chelated iron fertilizer |
| CN110746977A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-02-04 | 浙江大学 | Safe utilization method of cadmium-lead-arsenic polluted farmland based on industrial byproduct titanium gypsum |
| CN110746977B (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-02-12 | 浙江大学 | Safe utilization method of cadmium-lead-arsenic polluted farmland based on industrial byproduct titanium gypsum |
| CN111454099A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-07-28 | 湖南玖恪环境工程有限公司 | Set fertilizer for reducing cadmium in paddy rice, fertilizing method of set fertilizer and application |
| CN113754499A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-07 | 湖南农业大学 | Soil conditioner for passivating farmland heavy metal cadmium and application method thereof |
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