CN107151722B - Microwave fuel combined heating coal-based direct reduction test device and method - Google Patents
Microwave fuel combined heating coal-based direct reduction test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107151722B CN107151722B CN201610118017.6A CN201610118017A CN107151722B CN 107151722 B CN107151722 B CN 107151722B CN 201610118017 A CN201610118017 A CN 201610118017A CN 107151722 B CN107151722 B CN 107151722B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0066—Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
Abstract
A microwave fuel combined heating coal-based direct reduction test device comprises: 1) an iron ore reduction material pretreatment system (1), wherein the pretreatment system (1) comprises pretreatment equipment (2) and a hot blast stove (3); wherein the pre-treatment device (2) comprises: the device comprises a gas collecting hood (201), a reaction cavity (A), a microwave anti-leakage device (B) and a vacuum static pressure chamber (202) which are arranged from top to bottom, a sliding, lifting and overturning mechanism (C), and a first air draft and dust removal system (203) and a second air draft and dust removal system (204) which are respectively communicated with the gas collecting hood (201) and the vacuum static pressure chamber (202); 2) A microwave heated deep reduction system (4), the deep reduction system (4) comprising: the microwave generating system (404), the gas collecting hood (401), the reaction cavity (A) and the microwave anti-leakage device (B) transferred from the pretreatment system (1), the vacuum static pressure chamber (402), the sliding, lifting and turning mechanism (C) and the air draft combustion device (403) communicated with the vacuum static pressure chamber (402) are arranged from top to bottom; and 3) a control system (5). Also provided is a test method using the test apparatus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device used for the experimental study of oxidized pellet ore for producing a blast furnace by iron ore concentrate pellets (pelletizing or briquetting), the experimental study of direct reduced iron production by microwave heating direct reduction of carbon-added (carbon-containing or carbon-separated) pellets (pelletizing or briquetting) in iron ore and the research of direct reduced iron production by microwave heating direct reduction after the conventional heating (hot air or hot gas) preoxidation/prereduction of iron ore pellets (common/vanadium-titanium/lead-containing zinc dust mud and the like).
Background
For the iron-making process, the common methods for direct reduction production are gas-based shaft furnace method, coal-based grate-rotary kiln method, coal-based tunnel kiln method and coal-based rotary hearth furnace method. The gas-based shaft furnace method mainly uses natural gas as a reducing agent, and if the method is used in areas with deficient natural gas resources and high price, the production cost is too high, and in addition, the technology has overlarge investment and higher equipment performance requirement, so the popularization is greatly influenced; the coal-based grate-kiln method takes coal as a reducing agent, has great attraction to areas with rich coal resources, but has higher requirement on temperature control precision, is easy to form kilns in production, has lower operation rate, causes frequent production stop, and has great popularization and application difficulty; the coal-based tunnel kiln method has low investment cost, simple design and strong adaptability of raw fuel, but has the problems of high energy consumption, long reduction time, large environmental pollution, high labor consumption, poor product quality and the like, and the method is in a stagnation state at present; the direct reduction technology of the coal-based rotary hearth furnace is applied to a plurality of steel plants at home and abroad due to the advantages of simple structure, small large-scale difficulty, no kiln caking, simple equipment maintenance, relatively less investment and the like of the rotary hearth furnace.
The coal-based direct reduction rotary hearth furnace technology is a method for reducing metal oxides in ore materials into metal under the non-reflow condition by using coal as a reducing agent. The method does not depend on coking coal resources, has strong raw material adaptability, can treat various raw materials such as vanadium-titanium magnetite, lead-containing zinc dust mud, concentrate powder and the like, can greatly reduce the emission of pollutants compared with the traditional steel production flow, and can effectively realize the comprehensive utilization of resources. However, under the thermal regulation of the traditional rotary hearth furnace, the material and the hearth are in relative rest, and the material is heated by high-temperature airflow only by radiation heat transfer, so that the temperature gradient of a material layer is large, only 1-2 layers of balls can be paved on the surface of the hearth, and the thickness of the material layer is not more than 40mm; secondly, the existing thermal regulation is to heat the reducing material by burning high-temperature flue gas generated by high-calorific-value fuel gas, and CO in the flue gas 2 The oxidizing atmosphere can oxidize the reduced metal in the upper material again, so that the metallization rate of the product is low.
Microwave heating refers to a process of converting microwave energy into heat energy inside a material by the principle of similar friction between molecules and other particles. The microwave heating has the characteristics and advantages of rapidity, high efficiency, volume, instantaneity, selectivity, no pollution, activated metallurgical chemical reactivity and the like. Based on the above characteristics of microwave energy and the principle of self-heating, and the strong microwave absorption capacity of iron, its oxides and coal dust, the basic research and application range of microwave heating in the field of ferrous metallurgy is more and more extensive, and the microwave heating is increasingly paid attention by the steel industry and researchers. However, the high-power microwave source is expensive, the investment and construction cost is high, and the higher the power density is, the more strict the requirements on the design of the furnace body structure are, so that the steel needs to be used on the cutting edge, and the microwave energy must be applied in a proper time and a critical link, so that the use of the microwave energy can be reduced, the advantages of the microwave heating can be fully exerted, and the problems existing in the conventional heating are solved.
In the traditional heating coal-based direct reduction process, a part of coal powder provides heat for reduction reaction through combustion with air, and a part of coal powder and generated carbon dioxide perform a Boolean reaction to provide a reducing agent for the reduction reaction, so that the used coal quantity is large; in the microwave heating coal-based direct reduction process, the coal powder is only used as a reducing agent, and the coal quantity is small. In addition, microwave heating is adopted for coal-based direct reduction, and the following chemical reactions inevitably occur under the condition of no free oxygen:
Fe x O y +C＝Fe x O y-1 +CO (1)
2Fe x O y +C＝2Fe x O y-1 +CO 2 (2)
C+CO 2 ＝2CO (3)
Fe x O y +yCO＝XFe+yCO 2 (4)
the chemical reactions (1) and (2) are the initiators for realizing the whole chain reactions (3) and (4), and the effective chemical reaction of the reducing materials in the microwave field can be ensured only when the iron oxide on the outer surface of the pellet is fully contacted with the coal powder (realized by adopting an internal carbon distribution or carbon precipitation mode). Under the laboratory conditions, a certain proportion of carbon content needs to be added, and the diffusion speed of the generated reducing gas to the outside of the furnace cannot be too fast, so that the coal-based direct reduction reaction of the iron ore pellets is not facilitated. The results of thermodynamic studies show that when the reaction temperature exceeds 950 ℃, the chemical reaction (3) proceeds rapidly, and CO/(CO + CO) 2 ) The ratio is close to 1.
The development of the microwave fuel combined heat supply type coal-based direct reduction method and the rotary hearth furnace (application number: 201310740483.4) technology gives full play to the characteristics of microwave heating, and explains the implementation mode, the purpose and the significance of the microwave fuel combined heat supply type coal-based direct reduction method from two aspects of basic theory and application design by utilizing the good coupling characteristic of microwave energy and reducing materials and combining the problems of the traditional heating rotary hearth furnace technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to further verify the practical feasibility of the technology, find out the optimal process parameters, equipment parameters and operation parameters, and also to better research and develop microwave heating technology in colleges and universities, scientific research institutions and the like, fully exert the advantages of microwaves in the field of metallurgy, solve the defects and problems of conventional heating, and develop a microwave fuel combined heating coal-based direct reduction test device.
The test device organically combines the problems and advantages of the traditional heating mode and the microwave heating technology, develops the advantages and avoids the disadvantages, the traditional heating mode is adopted for drying the reducing materials, preheating and pre-reducing heat supply, the microwave heating mode is adopted for deep reducing heat supply of the pre-reducing materials, the reducing materials are utilized for absorbing waves strongly, the materials after pre-reduction are loose in structure and developed in holes, the microwave energy activates metallurgical chemical reaction, the microwave heating avoids the characteristics and advantages of secondary oxidation of products and the like, conditions are created for obtaining high-quality direct reduced iron, and the development of the coal-based direct reduction direction of the rotary hearth furnace is facilitated.
The test device can be used for the research of iron ore microwave heating oxidation/reduction roasting tests, and the research objects comprise: experimental study on the production of oxidized pellets for blast furnaces by iron ore concentrate pellets (pelletizing or briquetting) through microwave heating and oxidizing roasting, experimental study on the production of direct reduced iron by direct reduction of carbon-mixed (carbon-containing or carbon-separated) pellets (pelletizing or briquetting) in iron ores through microwave heating, and the like; and the research of producing the direct reduced iron by the direct reduction of the iron ore pellets (common/vanadium-titanium/lead-containing zinc dust, mud and the like) through microwave heating after the conventional heating (hot air or hot coal gas) preoxidation/prereduction can be simultaneously realized. The test device is an iron ore pellet microwave fuel combined heating type multifunctional test research device integrating oxidation, pre-reduction and direct reduction.
In this application, "optionally" means with or without and "optionally" means with or without.
The invention aims to provide a microwave fuel combined heating coal-based direct reduction test device, which comprises:
1) The iron ore reducing material pretreatment system can realize the purposes of drying, preheating and prereduction of the iron ore reducing material, and comprises pretreatment equipment and a hot blast stove; wherein the pretreatment apparatus comprises: the device comprises a first gas collecting hood, a reaction cavity (A), a microwave anti-leakage device (B) and a first vacuum static pressure chamber which are arranged from top to bottom, optional natural gas (or coal gas) auxiliary burners positioned in the first gas collecting hood (such as the top or the side), a sliding, lifting and overturning mechanism (C) for transferring, lifting and overturning the reaction cavity (A) and the microwave anti-leakage device (B), and a first air draft and dust removal system and a second air draft and dust removal system which are respectively communicated with the first gas collecting hood and the first vacuum static pressure chamber; the hot blast stove comprises a stove body, a natural gas (or coal gas) main burner, a flue gas diffusing device, an ignition burner, a combustion-supporting air pipe, a stove bottom plate and a stove body bracket; wherein, the first wind pipe is led out from the furnace bottom plate and communicated to one side of the first vacuum static pressure chamber, and the fourth wind pipe is led out from the other side of the first gas-collecting hood and communicated to the first air draft and dust removal system; wherein the third air pipe is led out from one side of the furnace body and communicated to one side of the first gas-collecting hood, and the second air pipe is led out from the other side of the first vacuum static pressure chamber and communicated to the second air exhausting and dust removing system;
2) The microwave heating deep reduction system can further realize deep reduction of pre-reduced materials of iron ores to obtain high-quality direct reduced iron, and comprises: the microwave generating system, the second gas collecting hood, the reaction cavity (A) and the microwave anti-leakage device (B) transferred from the pretreatment system, the second vacuum static pressure chamber, the sliding, lifting and turning mechanism (C) and the air draft combustion device communicated with the second vacuum static pressure chamber are arranged from top to bottom; and the fifth air pipe is led out from one side of the second vacuum static pressure chamber and communicated to the induced draft combustion device through the fifth air pipe.
The second gas collection hoods may be identical to the first gas collection hoods (i.e., both are the same device) or different (i.e., slightly different in structure). The second vacuum plenum may be the same (i.e., both are the same equipment) or different (i.e., slightly different in structure) than the first vacuum plenum.
And a natural gas (or coal gas) conveying pipe is connected with the natural gas (or coal gas) auxiliary burner. In addition, an additional ignition burner or igniter is arranged in the first gas collecting channel (for example, on the top or on the side). The additional ignition burner or igniter ignites for the secondary natural gas (or gas) burner. For additional ignition burners or igniters, it is also possible to use the same ignition burners as the ignition burners in the furnace body.
And a natural gas (or coal gas) conveying pipe is connected with a natural gas (or coal gas) main burner. And a combustion-supporting fan is arranged on the combustion-supporting air pipe.
Preferably, the microwave fuel co-heating coal-based direct reduction test device further comprises:
3) And (5) controlling the system.
The control system is used for accurately controlling and automatically adjusting the conditions of the whole test stage, including temperature, natural gas flow, combustion-supporting air flow, air draft pressure, microwave power and valve switch. The device can accurately control and automatically adjust the temperature, the natural gas flow, the combustion-supporting air flow, the air draft pressure, the microwave power, the valve switch and the like in the whole test stage. It includes control cabinet, by-pass, branch pipe, etc. The control system is respectively connected with the reaction cavity (A), a sliding, lifting and overturning mechanism (C), a first air draft and dust removal system, a second air draft and dust removal system, a control cabinet, a natural gas conveying pipe control valve, a combustion-supporting air pipe control valve, an air draft combustion device, a microwave generation system, optional first to fourth pipeline valves (V1, V2, V3 and V4) and the like. The control system controls and operates these devices.
Of course, these devices can be controlled and manipulated manually without the need for a control system.
Preferably, a second valve is provided on the first air duct. And a fourth valve is arranged on the second air pipe. And a first valve is arranged on the third air pipe. And a third valve is arranged on the fourth air pipe. Preferably, a small suction fan is arranged on the fifth air duct, and/or a fifth valve is arranged on the fifth air duct.
The sliding, lifting and overturning mechanism (C) is used for transferring, placing and fixing the reaction cavity (A) and the microwave anti-leakage device (B) and the side-turning reaction cavity (A) realizes the material pouring function.
The microwave leakage-proof device (B) is filled with a strong wave-absorbing substance or material, such as silicon carbide and the like.
The reaction chamber A comprises a circumferential outer shell and a bottom plate with small ventilation holes or grate bars. The upper part of the reaction chamber A is open or open. The reaction chamber a takes the form of a (open or open-topped) tank or cylinder. The height or radius of the reaction chamber A is each independently 15 to 200cm, preferably 20 to 150cm, more preferably 22 to 100cm, more preferably 25 to 50cm, for example 30cm (or 40 cm) in each case.
The invention also provides an operation method using the device, namely a microwave fuel combined heating coal-based direct reduction test method, which comprises the following steps:
1) Equipment assembling: mixing internal-matched iron-carbide ore pellets (I) (wherein the C/TFe of the I needs to be determined by tests, such as 0.10-0.25 mass ratio, briquetting or pelletizing, and the average particle size is 5-25mm, preferably 10-20 mm) and granular coal (II) (the average particle size is 4-12 mm, preferably 5-10 mm) according to the proportion (wherein the C/TFe of the I + II needs to be determined by tests, such as 0.15-0.35 mass ratio;
2) A pre-reduction phase comprising the sub-steps of: 2.1 Starting an ignition burner to finish ignition combustion, then automatically adjusting the natural gas flow of a main burner and the combustion-supporting air flow of a combustion-supporting air pipe through a control system to realize that the temperature of a hot blast stove is raised to the temperature T1 required by the test, opening a second valve and a third valve in the drying stage of the reduced materials, and starting a first air draft and dust removal system (or a first exhaust fan) to realize the forced air drying of the reduced materials (the thermal regulation of the forced air drying process of the reduced materials needs to be determined by the test), 2.2) pre-reduction: and (2) closing the second valve, the first air draft and dust removal system (or the first exhaust fan) and the third valve, opening the first valve, the fourth valve and the second air draft and dust removal system (namely the pipeline cooling air draft and dust removal system or the second exhaust fan), realizing air draft drying of the reduced materials by adjusting the natural gas flow of the main burner and the combustion-supporting air flow of the combustion-supporting air pipe (the thermal regulation of the air draft drying process of the reduced materials needs to be determined by tests), and completing the temperature (T2, T3 and T4) required by the pre-reduction stage of the reduced materials by adjusting the natural gas flow of the main burner and the combustion-supporting air flow of the combustion-supporting air pipe after the air draft drying is finished.
Typically, the temperature range for T2 is 950 ℃ to 1150 ℃, the temperature range for T3 is 900 ℃ to 1100 ℃, and/or the temperature range for T4 is 900 ℃ to 1100 ℃. Generally, the T3 or T4 temperature and time of the pre-reduction stage will need to be determined experimentally. Generally, the temperature range of T3 or T4 in the pre-reduction stage is 900-1100 ℃, and the time range is 20-60 min. This temperature and time are sufficient to ensure that the degree of reduction of the pre-reduced iron ore reaches between 40% and 75%, preferably between 50% and 70%, more preferably between 60% and 65%. In addition, a circulating water cooling system needs to be added on the outer wall of the second air pipe to reduce the temperature of the waste gas outlet;
3) Equipment reassembly: the ignition burner, the natural gas of the main burner, the combustion-supporting air (or a combustion-supporting fan) on the combustion-supporting air pipe, the first valve, the fourth valve and the second air-draft dust-removal system are closed, the reaction cavity (A) and the microwave leakage-prevention device (B) are quickly moved to the microwave heating deep reduction system through the lifting mechanism (C), and the reaction cavity (A) and the microwave leakage-prevention device (B) are sealed and assembled with the microwave generation system, the second gas collecting hood and the second vacuum static pressure chamber; optionally, aluminum foil paper is adopted for coating at the interface to prevent microwave leakage; preferably, the filling material in the microwave leakage-proof device is a strong wave-absorbing substance, such as silicon carbide and the like;
4) Microwave heating deep reduction: starting an air draft combustion device and a microwave generation system, wherein the air draft combustion device is used for pumping out generated flue gas under the condition of ensuring that the interior of the furnace is slightly positive pressure (such as 1.05-1.1 atmospheric pressure, and the purpose of the slightly positive pressure is to accelerate the generation of iron oxide reduction reaction and ensure that the chain reaction of a formula (3) and a formula (4) is smoothly carried out), and because the main component in the flue gas is CO, the flue gas needs to be introduced into the air draft combustion device (namely an additional combustor) for combustion treatment; in addition, the power of a microwave power source is adjustable, and the microwave power, the temperature and the time of the microwave heating deep reduction stage are required to be determined through tests;
5) And (3) cooling: and (3) closing the microwave generation system and the air draft combustion device (namely an additional combustor), moving the reaction cavity (A) out through the lifting mechanism (C), and quickly turning the reduced materials over and pouring the materials into water for cooling or pouring the materials into a closed tank body for introducing nitrogen for cooling.
Where T1 is the temperature (c) of the atmosphere (or gas phase space) within the hot blast furnace (particularly, within the bottom space). Generally, the temperature of the charged material (i.e., iron ore reduced material) in the reaction chamber (a) is measured by dividing the charged material into an upper half and a lower half. T2, T3 and T4 are the temperature in the gas phase space above (or the atmosphere above) the charge in the reaction chamber (a), the temperature of the material in the upper half of the charge and the temperature of the material in the lower half of the charge, respectively. I.e. T2 is the temperature (c) in the gas phase space above (or in the atmosphere above) the charge in the reaction chamber (a). T3 is the temperature (. Degree. C.) of the material in the upper half of the charge in the reaction chamber (A), in particular at the bottom of the upper half. T4 is the temperature (. Degree. C.) of the material in the lower half of the charge in the reaction chamber (A), in particular at the bottom of the lower half.
In the pre-reduction stage in the step 2), when detecting that T2, T3 and/or T4 are lower, opening natural gas to the auxiliary burner in the first gas collecting hood and igniting for combustion, namely opening a natural gas conveying pipe to combust at the auxiliary burner in the first gas collecting hood, so as to improve the temperature of the air flow flowing through the reaction cavity (A).
The specific implementation manner of the method is as follows: firstly, mixing internal carbon pellet (I) (wherein the C/TFe of the I needs to be determined by tests, such as 0.10-0.25 mass ratio, briquetting or pelletizing, and the granularity is 10-20 mm) and granular coal (II) (the granularity is 5-10 mm) according to the proportion (wherein the C/TFe of the I + II needs to be determined by tests, such as 0.15-0.35 mass ratio, and the mixture is placed in a reaction cavity (A), and moving the mixture to an iron ore reducing material pretreatment system (1) through a lifting mechanism (C) to carry out system sealing connection; secondly, starting an ignition burner to complete ignition combustion, automatically adjusting the natural gas flow of the main burner and the combustion-supporting air flow of a combustion-supporting air pipe through a control system to realize that the hot blast stove (3) is heated to the temperature T1 required by the test, opening a second valve (V2) and a third valve (V3) in the drying stage of the reduced material, starting a first air draft and dust removal system (or a first exhaust fan) to realize air draft drying of the reduced material (the thermal regulation of the air draft drying process of the reduced material needs to be determined by the test), closing the second valve (V2), a first air draft and dust removal system and the third valve (V3) after the air draft drying is finished, opening the first valve (V1), a fourth valve (V4) and the second air draft and dust removal system (namely, the air draft and dust removal system is cooled by a pipeline), realizing the air draft drying of the reduced material (the thermal regulation of the air draft drying process of the reduced material needs to be determined) by adjusting the natural gas flow of the main burner and the combustion-supporting air flow of the combustion-supporting air pipe, and completing the reduction test of the temperature T2 and the reduction stage of the reduced material and the combustion-supporting pre-supporting air temperature T4; thirdly, after the pre-reduction stage is finished, the ignition burner, the natural gas of the main burner, the combustion-supporting air (or a combustion-supporting fan) on the combustion-supporting air pipe, the first valve, the fourth valve and the second air-draft dust-removal system are closed, the reaction cavity (A) and the microwave leakage-prevention device (B) are quickly moved to the microwave heating deep reduction system through the lifting mechanism (C) to be in system sealing connection, aluminum foil paper is adopted to cover the interface to prevent microwave leakage, and the filling material in the microwave leakage-prevention device (B) is strong wave-absorbing material such as silicon carbide; fourthly, starting an air draft combustion device (namely an additional combustor) and a microwave generating system, wherein the air draft combustion device is used for extracting the generated smoke under the condition of ensuring that the pressure in the furnace is micro-positive pressure (the purpose of the micro-positive pressure is to accelerate the generation of iron oxide reduction reaction and ensure that the chain reaction of the formula (3) and the formula (4) is smoothly carried out), and the main component in the smoke is CO and needs to be introduced into the combustor for combustion treatment; in addition, the power of a microwave power source is adjustable, and the microwave power, the temperature and the time of the microwave heating deep reduction stage are required to be determined through tests; and fifthly, after the microwave heating deep reduction stage is finished, closing the microwave generation system and the air draft combustion device, moving the reaction cavity (A) out through the lifting mechanism (C), rapidly turning the reduced materials, pouring the materials into water for cooling or pouring the materials into a closed tank body, and introducing nitrogen for cooling.
Advantages or advantageous technical effects of the invention
Firstly, a microwave fuel combined heating coal-based direct reduction test method is provided. The test method organically combines the problems and advantages of the traditional heating mode and the microwave heating technology, makes full use of advantages and avoids disadvantages, adopts the traditional heating mode to carry out drying, preheating and pre-reduction heat supply on the reduced material, adopts the microwave heating mode to carry out deep reduction heat supply on the pre-reduced material, utilizes the characteristics and advantages of strong wave absorption of the reduced material, loose structure and developed holes of the pre-reduced material, activates metallurgical chemical reaction by microwave energy, avoids secondary oxidation of products by microwave heating and the like, and creates conditions for obtaining high-quality direct reduced iron.
Drawings
FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrams of a microwave fuel combined heating coal-based direct reduction test device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control device of the control system (5).
Reference numerals
1: an iron ore reduction material pretreatment system; 2: a pre-treatment device; 201: a first gas-collecting channel; 202: a first vacuum plenum; 203: a first air draft and dust removal system; 204: a second air draft and dust removal system; 205: natural gas (or coal gas) secondary burner, 205a: natural gas (or coal gas) conveying pipes; 3: a hot blast stove; 301: a furnace body of the hot blast furnace; 302: natural gas (or gas) primary burner, 302a: natural gas (or coal gas) conveying pipes; 303: a flue gas diffusing device; 304: igniting the burner; 305: a combustion-supporting air duct; 306: a furnace floor; 307: a furnace body support; 4: heating the deep reduction system by microwave; 401: a second gas-collecting channel; 402: a second vacuum plenum; 403: an air draft combustion device; 404: a microwave generating system; 5: a control system; 6: a control cabinet; a: a reaction chamber; b: a microwave leakage preventing device; c: sliding, lifting and turning over mechanisms; l1: a first air duct; l2: a second air duct; l3: a third air duct; l4: a fourth air duct; l5: a fifth air duct; v1: a first valve; v2: a second valve; v3: a third valve; v4: and a fourth valve.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, there is provided a microwave fuel combined heating coal-based direct reduction test apparatus, which includes:
1) The iron ore reducing material pretreatment system 1 can realize the purposes of drying, preheating and prereduction of the iron ore reducing material, and the pretreatment system 1 comprises pretreatment equipment 2 and a hot blast stove 3; wherein the pretreatment device 2 comprises: the hot blast stove 3 comprises a stove body 301, a main natural gas or gas burner 302, a smoke diffusing device 303, an ignition burner 304, a combustion-supporting air pipe 305, a stove bottom plate 306 and a stove body bracket 307, wherein the first air pipe L1 is led out from one side of the stove bottom plate 306 and communicated to one side of the vacuum static pressure chamber 202, and the fourth air pipe L4 is led out from the other side of the gas collection hood 201 and communicated to the first air draft and dust removal system 203, and the third air pipe L3 is led out from one side of the stove body 301 and communicated to one side of the stove bottom plate 201 and communicated to the vacuum static pressure chamber 202, and is led out from the other side of the gas collection hood 201 and communicated to the second air draft and dust removal system 202 and 204;
2) The microwave heating deep reduction system 4 can further realize deep reduction of the pre-reduced material of the iron ore to obtain high-quality direct reduced iron, and the deep reduction system 4 comprises: a microwave generating system 404, a (second) gas collecting hood 401, a reaction cavity A and a microwave anti-leakage device B transferred from the pretreatment system 1, a (second) vacuum static pressure chamber 402, a sliding, lifting and turning mechanism C and an air draft combustion device 403 communicated with the (second) vacuum static pressure chamber 402, which are arranged from top to bottom; wherein a fifth air duct L5 leads from one side of the (second) vacuum plenum 402 and communicates via the fifth air duct L5 to the updraft combustion device 403.
The (second) gas collection hoods 401 may be the same as (i.e., both are the same device) or different from the (first) gas collection hoods 201. The (second) hydrostatic vacuum chamber 402 may be the same (i.e., both are the same equipment) or different from the (first) hydrostatic vacuum chamber 202.
The reaction chamber A comprises a circumferential outer shell and a bottom plate with small air vents or a grate, and the upper part of the reaction chamber A is in an open or open mode. The reaction chamber a takes the form of a (open or open-topped) tank or cylinder. The height or radius of the reaction chamber A is each independently 15 to 200cm, preferably 20 to 150cm, more preferably 22 to 100cm, more preferably 25 to 50cm, for example 30cm (or 40 cm) in each case.
A natural gas delivery pipe 205a is also connected to the natural gas burner 205. In addition, additional ignition burners or igniters are provided within the gas collection hood 201 (e.g., at the top or sides). An additional ignition burner or igniter or sparker ignites the natural gas burner 205. For additional ignition burners or igniters, the same ignition burner 304 as the ignition burner 304 in the furnace body 301 may also be used.
A natural gas delivery pipe 302a is also connected to the natural gas main burner 302. A combustion-supporting air blower is arranged on the combustion-supporting air pipe (305).
Preferably, the microwave fuel co-heating coal-based direct reduction test device further comprises:
3) A control system 5.
The control system 5 is used for accurately controlling and automatically adjusting the conditions of the whole test stage, including temperature, natural gas flow, combustion-supporting air flow, air draft pressure, microwave power and valve switch. The device can accurately control and automatically adjust the temperature, the natural gas flow, the combustion-supporting air flow, the air draft pressure, the microwave power, the valve switch and the like in the whole test stage. It comprises a control cabinet 6 and a bypass, a branch pipe and the like. The control system 5 is respectively connected with the reaction cavity A, a sliding, lifting and turning mechanism C, a first air draft and dust removal system 203, a second air draft and dust removal system 204, a control cabinet 6, a natural gas conveying pipe control valve 302, a combustion-supporting air pipe control valve 305, an air draft combustion device 403, a microwave generation system 404, optional first to fourth pipeline valves (V1, V2, V3, V4) and the like. The control system 5 controls and operates these devices.
Preferably, a second valve V2 is provided in the first air duct L1. A fourth valve V4 is arranged on the second air duct L2. A first valve V1 is arranged on the third air duct L3. A third valve V3 is arranged on the fourth air duct L4. Preferably, a small suction fan is provided on the fifth air duct L5 and/or a fifth valve V5 (not shown in the figure) is provided on the fifth air duct L5.
The sliding, lifting and overturning mechanism C is used for transferring, placing and fixing the reaction cavity A and the microwave anti-leakage device B, and is used for realizing the material pouring function of the side-turning reaction cavity A.
The invention also provides an operation method using the device, namely a microwave fuel combined heating coal-based direct reduction test method, which comprises the following steps:
1) Equipment assembly: mixing internal-matched iron-carbide ore pellets (I) (wherein the C/TFe of the I is determined by tests, such as 0.10-0.25 mass ratio, briquetting or pelletizing, and the average particle size is 5-25mm, preferably 10-20 mm) and granular coal (II) (the average particle size is 4-12 mm, preferably 5-10 mm) according to the proportion (wherein the C/TFe of the I + II is determined by tests, such as 0.15-0.35 mass ratio of 1), placing the mixture into a reaction cavity A, moving the reaction cavity A and a microwave leakage-proof device B to an iron ore reduction material pretreatment system 1 through a lifting mechanism C, and carrying out system sealing assembly with a gas hood 201 and a vacuum static pressure chamber 202.
2) A pre-reduction phase comprising the sub-steps of: 2.1 Starting an ignition burner 304 to finish ignition combustion, then automatically adjusting the natural gas flow of a main burner 302 and the combustion-supporting air flow of a combustion-supporting air pipe 305 through a control system to realize that a hot blast stove 3 is heated to a temperature T1 required by a test, opening valves V2 and V3 in a drying stage of reduced materials, starting a first air draft and dust removal system (or a first exhaust fan) 203 to realize air draft drying of the reduced materials (a thermal regulation of a reduced material air draft drying process needs to be determined by the test), and 2.2) pre-reducing: closing the V2, the first air draft and dust removal system 203 and the V3, opening the V1, the V4 and the second air draft and dust removal system (namely, the pipeline cooling air draft and dust removal system or the second exhaust fan) 204, realizing air draft drying of the reduced materials by adjusting the natural gas flow of the main burner 302 and the combustion-supporting air flow of the combustion-supporting air pipe 305 (the thermal regulation of the air draft drying process of the reduced materials needs to be determined by tests), and completing the temperature (T2, T3 and T4) required by the pre-reduction stage of the reduced materials by adjusting the natural gas flow of the main burner 302 and the combustion-supporting air flow of the combustion-supporting air pipe 305 after the air draft drying is finished.
In the pre-reduction stage, the temperature range of T2 is 950 ℃ to 1150 ℃, the temperature range of T3 is 900 ℃ to 1100 ℃, and/or the temperature range of T4 is 900 ℃ to 1100 ℃. In the pre-reduction stage, the temperature range of T3 or T4 in the pre-reduction stage is 900-1100 ℃, and the time range is 20-60 min, so as to ensure that the reduction degree of the pre-reduced iron ore reaches 40-75%, preferably 50-70%, and more preferably 60-65%; preferably, a circulating water cooling system is additionally required on the outer wall of the second air duct L2 to lower the temperature of the exhaust gas outlet.
3) Equipment reassembly: the ignition burner 304, the natural gas of the main burner 302, the combustion fan (or combustion air) on the combustion air pipe 305, the valve V1, the valve V4 and the second air draft dust removal system 204 are closed, the reaction cavity A and the microwave leakage prevention device B are quickly moved to the microwave heating deep reduction system 4 through the lifting mechanism C, and the system is sealed and assembled with the microwave generation system 404, the gas collecting hood 401 and the vacuum static pressure chamber 402; optionally, aluminum foil paper is adopted for coating at the interface to prevent microwave leakage; preferably, the filling material in the microwave leakage preventing device B is a strong wave absorbing substance, such as silicon carbide.
4) Microwave heating deep reduction: starting an air draft combustion device 403 and a microwave generation system 404, wherein the air draft combustion device is used for extracting generated flue gas under the condition of ensuring that the chain reaction of the furnace is in a micro-positive pressure (such as 1.05-1.1 atmospheric pressure, and the micro-positive pressure is used for accelerating the generation of the iron oxide reduction reaction and ensuring that the chain reaction of the formula 3) and the formula 4) is smoothly carried out), and the flue gas needs to be introduced into the air draft combustion device 403 (namely an additional combustor) for combustion treatment because the main component in the flue gas is CO; in addition, the power of the microwave power source is adjustable, and the microwave power, the temperature and the time of the microwave heating deep reduction stage need to be determined through tests.
5) And (3) cooling: the microwave generation system 404 and the air draft combustion device 403 (namely an additional burner) are closed, the reaction cavity A is moved out through the lifting mechanism C, and the reduced materials are quickly turned over and poured into water for cooling or poured into a closed tank body for cooling by introducing nitrogen.
Wherein T1 is the temperature (. Degree. C.) of the atmosphere within the hot blast stove (3), in particular within the bottom space. In general, the temperature of the upper and lower material layers is measured by dividing the charge in the reaction chamber (A) into an upper layer and a lower layer. T2, T3 and T4 are the temperature in the gas phase space above (or the atmosphere above) the charge in the reaction chamber (a), the temperature of the material in the upper half of the charge and the temperature of the material in the lower half of the charge, respectively. That is, T2 is the temperature (. Degree. C.) in the gas phase space above (or above atmosphere) the charge in the reaction chamber (A). T3 is the temperature (. Degree. C.) of the material in the upper half of the charge in the reaction chamber (A). T4 is the temperature (. Degree. C.) of the material in the lower half of the charge in the reaction chamber (A).
In the pre-reduction stage in step 2), when it is detected that T2, T3 and/or T4 are lower, natural gas is introduced into the secondary burner 205 in the gas collecting channel 201 and ignited for combustion, that is, the natural gas delivery pipe 205a is opened to combust in the secondary burner 205 in the gas collecting channel 201, so as to increase the temperature of the gas flow flowing through the reaction chamber a.
The specific implementation manner of the method is as follows: firstly, mixing internal carbon pellet (I) (wherein the C/TFe of I needs to be determined by tests, such as 0.10-0.25 mass ratio, briquetting or pelletizing, and the granularity is 10-20 mm) and granular coal (II) (the granularity is 5-10 mm) according to a proportion (wherein the C/TFe of I + II needs to be determined by tests), placing the mixture into a reaction cavity A, and moving the mixture to an iron ore reducing material pretreatment system 1 through a lifting mechanism C to carry out system sealing connection; secondly, starting an ignition burner 304 to complete ignition combustion, automatically adjusting the flow of natural gas 302 and combustion-supporting air 305 through a control system to heat a hot blast stove 3 to a temperature T1 required by a test, opening valves V2 and V3 in a drying stage of the reduced material, and starting an exhaust fan 203 to realize blast drying of the reduced material (the thermal regulation of the blast drying process of the reduced material needs to be determined by the test), after the blast drying is finished, closing V2, an exhaust fan 9 and V3, opening V1, V4 and a pipeline to cool a second induced draft dust removal system 204, realizing induced draft drying of the reduced material by adjusting the flow of natural gas 302 and the flow of combustion-supporting air 305 (the thermal regulation of the induced draft drying process of the reduced material needs to be determined by the test), completing the temperature (T2, T3 and T4) required by the pre-reduction stage of the reduced material by adjusting the flow of natural gas 302 and the flow of combustion-supporting air after the induced draft drying is finished, and determining the temperature and the time in the pre-reduction stage by the test; thirdly, after the pre-reduction stage is finished, closing the burner 304, the natural gas 302, the combustion fan 305, the valve V1, the valve V4 and the second air draft dust removal system 204, quickly moving the reaction cavity A and the microwave leakage prevention device B to the microwave heating deep reduction system 4 through the lifting mechanism C to carry out system sealing connection, and coating the interface by using aluminum foil paper to prevent microwave leakage, wherein the filling material in the microwave leakage prevention device B is a strong wave absorption substance such as silicon carbide and the like; fourthly, starting an air draft combustion device 403 and a microwave generating system 404, wherein the air draft combustion device is used for extracting the generated flue gas under the condition of ensuring that the interior of the furnace is in micro-positive pressure (the micro-positive pressure aims at accelerating the generation of the reduction reaction of the iron oxide and ensuring that the chain reaction of the formula 3) and the formula 4) is smoothly carried out), and the flue gas needs to be introduced into a combustor for combustion treatment because the main component in the flue gas is CO; in addition, the power of a microwave power source is adjustable, and the microwave power, the temperature and the time in the microwave heating deep reduction stage need to be determined through tests; and fifthly, after the microwave heating deep reduction stage is finished, closing the microwave generation system and the air draft combustion device 403, moving the reaction cavity A out through the lifting mechanism C, quickly turning over the reduced materials, pouring the materials into water for cooling or pouring the materials into a closed tank body, and introducing nitrogen for cooling.
Firstly, a microwave fuel combined heating coal-based direct reduction test method is provided. The test method organically combines the problems and advantages of the traditional heating mode and the microwave heating technology, makes full use of advantages and avoids disadvantages, adopts the traditional heating mode to carry out drying, preheating and pre-reduction heat supply on the reduced material, adopts the microwave heating mode to carry out deep reduction heat supply on the pre-reduced material, utilizes the characteristics and advantages of strong wave absorption of the reduced material, loose structure and developed holes of the pre-reduced material, activates metallurgical chemical reaction by microwave energy, avoids secondary oxidation of products by microwave heating and the like, and creates conditions for obtaining high-quality direct reduced iron.
Claims (16)
1. The utility model provides a microwave fuel jointly heats coal base direct reduction test device which characterized in that: the device includes:
1) an iron ore reduction material pretreatment system (1) for drying, preheating and pre-reducing iron ore reduction materials, wherein the pretreatment system (1) comprises a pretreatment device (2) and a hot blast stove (3); wherein the pre-treatment device (2) comprises: the device comprises a first gas collecting hood (201), a reaction cavity (A), a microwave anti-leakage device (B) and a first vacuum static pressure chamber (202) which are arranged from top to bottom, natural gas or coal gas auxiliary burners (205) positioned in the first gas collecting hood (201), a sliding, lifting and overturning mechanism (C) for transferring, lifting and overturning the reaction cavity (A) and the microwave anti-leakage device (B), and a first air draft and dust removal system (203) and a second air draft and dust removal system (204) which are respectively communicated with the first gas collecting hood (201) and the first vacuum static pressure chamber (202); wherein the hot blast stove (3) comprises a stove body (301), a natural gas or coal gas main burner (302), a flue gas diffusing device (303), an ignition burner (304), a combustion-supporting air pipe (305), a stove bottom plate (306) and a stove body bracket (307); wherein, the first air pipe (L1) is led out from the furnace bottom plate (306) and communicated to one side of the first vacuum static pressure chamber (202), and the fourth air pipe (L4) is led out from the other side of the first gas collecting hood (201) and communicated to the first air draft and dust removal system (203); wherein, the third air pipe (L3) is led out from one side of the furnace body (301) and communicated to one side of the first gas-collecting hood (201), and the second air pipe (L2) is led out from the other side of the first vacuum static pressure chamber (202) and communicated to the second air exhausting and dust removing system (204);
2) A microwave heated deep reduction system (4) comprising: the microwave generating system (404), the second gas collecting hood (401), the reaction cavity (A) and the microwave anti-leakage device (B) which are transferred from the pretreatment system (1), the second vacuum static pressure chamber (402), the sliding, lifting and turning mechanism (C) and the air draft combustion device (403) which is communicated with the second vacuum static pressure chamber (402) are arranged from top to bottom; wherein the fifth air pipe (L5) is led out from one side of the second vacuum static pressure chamber (402) and communicated to the updraft combustion device (403) through the fifth air pipe (L5);
3) And the control system (5) is used for accurately controlling and automatically adjusting the conditions of the whole test stage, including temperature, natural gas or coal gas flow, combustion-supporting air flow, air draft pressure, microwave power and valve switch.
2. The test device of claim 1, wherein: wherein, set up second valve (V2) on first tuber pipe (L1), set up fourth valve (V4) on second tuber pipe (L2), set up first valve (V1) on third tuber pipe (L3), set up third valve (V3) on fourth tuber pipe (L4).
3. The test device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: wherein, a small-sized exhaust fan is arranged on the fifth air pipe (L5), and/or a fifth valve (V5) is arranged on the fifth air pipe (L5).
4. The test device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the sliding, lifting and overturning mechanism (C) is used for transferring, placing and fixing the reaction cavity (A) and the microwave anti-leakage device (B) and is used for realizing the material pouring function of the side-turning reaction cavity (A).
5. The test device of claim 3, wherein: the sliding, lifting and overturning mechanism (C) is used for transferring, placing and fixing the reaction cavity (A) and the microwave anti-leakage device (B) and is used for realizing the material pouring function of the side-turning reaction cavity (A).
6. A method of performing a microwave fuel combined heating coal-based direct reduction test using the test apparatus of any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Equipment assembling: mixing internal carbon-containing iron ore pellets (I) and granular coal (II) in proportion, placing the mixture into a reaction cavity (A), moving the reaction cavity (A) and a microwave anti-leakage device (B) to an iron ore reduction material pretreatment system (1) through a sliding, lifting and overturning mechanism (C), and carrying out system sealing assembly on the reaction cavity (A) and the microwave anti-leakage device (B) with a first gas collecting hood (201) and a first vacuum static pressure chamber (202);
2) A pre-reduction phase comprising the sub-steps of: 2.1 Forced air drying: starting an ignition burner (304) to finish ignition combustion, automatically adjusting the flow of natural gas or coal gas of a natural gas or coal gas main burner (302) and the flow of combustion-supporting air of a combustion-supporting air pipe (305) through a control system to realize that the temperature of the hot blast stove (3) is raised to the temperature T1 required by the test, opening a second valve (V2) and a third valve (V3) in the drying stage of the reduced materials, and starting a first air draft and dust removal system (203) to realize the blast drying of the reduced materials; 2.2 Pre-reduction: closing a second valve (V2), a first air draft and dust removal system (203) and a third valve (V3), opening a first valve (V1), a fourth valve (V4) and a second air draft and dust removal system (204), realizing air draft drying of the reduced materials by adjusting the flow of natural gas or coal gas of a natural gas or coal gas main burner (302) and the flow of combustion-supporting air of a combustion-supporting air pipe (305), and completing the temperatures T2, T3 and T4 required by the pre-reduction stage of the reduced materials by adjusting the flow of natural gas or coal gas of the natural gas or coal gas main burner (302) and the flow of combustion-supporting air of the combustion-supporting air pipe (305) after air draft drying is finished;
3) Equipment reassembly: the ignition burner (304), the natural gas or coal gas of the natural gas or coal gas main burner (302), a combustion fan on a combustion air pipe (305), a first valve (V1), a fourth valve (V4) and a second air draft and dust removal system (204) are closed, a reaction cavity (A) and a microwave leakage-proof device (B) are rapidly moved to a microwave heating deep reduction system (4) through a sliding, lifting and overturning mechanism (C), and system sealing and assembly are carried out on the reaction cavity (A) and the microwave leakage-proof device (B) and a microwave heating deep reduction system (4) and a microwave generation system (404), a second gas collecting hood (401) and a second vacuum static pressure chamber (402); the interface is coated by aluminum foil paper to prevent microwave leakage;
4) Microwave heating deep reduction: starting an air draft combustion device (403) and a microwave generation system (404), wherein the air draft combustion device is used for extracting the generated smoke under the condition of ensuring micro-positive pressure in the furnace and introducing the smoke into the air draft combustion device (403) for combustion treatment;
5) And (3) cooling: and (3) closing the microwave generation system (404) and the air draft combustion device (403), moving the reaction cavity (A) out through the sliding, lifting and turning mechanism (C), rapidly turning the reduced materials over and pouring the materials into water for cooling or pouring the materials into a closed tank body, and introducing nitrogen for cooling.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein: in step 1): the internal carbon-containing iron ore pellets (I) are briquetted or pelletized with the average particle size of 5-25 mm; the average particle size of the granular coal (II) is 4-12mm; the adding proportion of the internal carbon-blending iron ore pellets (I) and the granular coal (II) is that: wherein the mass ratio of C/TFe of the internal carbon iron ore pellet (I) and the granular coal (II) is 0.15-0.35;
in the step 3), the filling material in the microwave leakage-preventing device (B) is a strong wave-absorbing substance.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the average particle size of the internal carbon-added iron ore pellets (I) is 10-20mm; the average particle size of the granular coal (II) is 5-10mm; the strong wave absorbing substance is silicon carbide.
9. The method according to any one of claims 6-8, wherein: in the pre-reduction stage in the step 2), when detecting that T2, T3 and/or T4 are lower, opening natural gas or coal gas to a natural gas or coal gas secondary burner (205) in the first gas-collecting hood (201) and igniting and burning the natural gas or coal gas, so as to increase the temperature of the airflow flowing through the reaction cavity (A).
10. The method according to any one of claims 6-8, wherein: wherein in the pre-reduction stage of step 2), the temperature range of T2 is 950 ℃ to 1150 ℃, the temperature range of T3 is 900 ℃ to 1100 ℃, and/or the temperature range of T4 is 900 ℃ to 1100 ℃.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein: wherein in the pre-reduction stage of step 2), the temperature range of T2 is 950-1150 ℃, the temperature range of T3 is 900-1100 ℃, and/or the temperature range of T4 is 900-1100 ℃.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein: in the pre-reduction stage of the step 2), the temperature range of T3 or T4 in the pre-reduction stage is 900-1100 ℃, and the time range is 20min-60min, so as to ensure that the reduction degree of the pre-reduced iron ore reaches 40-75%.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein: in the pre-reduction stage of the step 2), the temperature range of T3 or T4 in the pre-reduction stage is 900-1100 ℃, and the time range is 20min-60min, so as to ensure that the reduction degree of the pre-reduced iron ore reaches 40-75%.
14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that: wherein the reduction degree of the pre-reduced iron ore reaches 50 to 70 percent.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein: wherein the reduction degree of the pre-reduced iron ore reaches 60 to 65 percent.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein: in addition, a circulating water cooling system is required to be added on the outer wall of the second air pipe (L2) to reduce the temperature of the waste gas outlet.
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