CN107151566B - Device and method for generating gas and generating power by using gas - Google Patents

Device and method for generating gas and generating power by using gas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107151566B
CN107151566B CN201710359302.1A CN201710359302A CN107151566B CN 107151566 B CN107151566 B CN 107151566B CN 201710359302 A CN201710359302 A CN 201710359302A CN 107151566 B CN107151566 B CN 107151566B
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gas
generating
boiler
steam
pressure
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CN107151566A (en
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毛炜
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Beijing Aerospace Maiwei Technology Co ltd
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Beijing Aerospace Maiwei Technology Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
    • F22B33/18—Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0909—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to equipment and a method for generating coal gas and generating power by utilizing the coal gas, which realize clean emission while generating power by using coal by adopting a mode of generating clean coal gas first and then burning the clean coal gas. The apparatus includes: an air separation device, a gas generation device, a heat recovery device, a desulfurization device, a gas boiler and a steam power generation device; the air separation device conveys the generated pure oxygen to the gas generation device; the gas generating apparatus includes: the gas boiler comprises a gas combustion part and a gas heat exchange part, and the steam power generation device is used for receiving the high-pressure superheated steam and converting electric energy. The invention adopts the total process route of firstly preparing gas and desulfurizing and then burning to generate electricity, ensures that the boiler fuel is clean gas, and solves the problems of tail gas dust removal, desulfurization and denitration.

Description

Device and method for generating gas and generating power by using gas
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a power generation apparatus, and more particularly, to an apparatus for generating gas and generating power using the generated gas. The invention also relates to a method for generating gas and using the generated gas to generate electricity.
Background
With the rapid development of social economy in China, the living standard of people is increasingly improved, so that the energy demand is increasingly large, and a huge number of industrial boilers are further arranged. Currently, the coal consumption of industrial boilers is about 80% of the total coal consumption in China. Wherein, the emission intensity of the pollutant of the coal-fired industrial boiler is the maximum, which is an important pollution source. The main components of the pollutants include smoke dust, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and the like. With the development of boiler technology in recent years, the power generation efficiency of the boiler is gradually improved, the single-series unit scale is larger and larger, but a furnace body part still has a series of problems of large excess air coefficient, high smoke exhaust temperature, more ash residue carbon, substandard smoke emission and the like.
IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle), an integrated gas combined cycle power generation system, is an advanced power system combining gas technology with efficient combined cycle. The IGCC technology has higher power generation efficiency and excellent environmental protection performance, and is a clean coal power generation technology with development prospect. According to the related data, the discharge amount of pollutants in the IGCC technology is only 1/10 of that of a conventional coal-fired power plant, the desulfurization efficiency can reach 99%, and the method has great significance for environmental protection. However, compared with the traditional boiler power generation technology, the IGCC technology is not mature enough, the investment intensity is too high, and key core equipment still needs to be imported, so that the wide application of the domestic IGCC technology also needs long-time accumulation and digestion.
In the face of severe environment-friendly situations of haze city locking and sewage cross flow, clean and efficient utilization of coal resources is imperative, and how to find a new balance point between economical feasibility and environmental friendliness is a new subject which needs to be considered with caution by all practitioners.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for generating coal gas and generating electricity by using the coal gas, which realizes clean emission while generating electricity by using coal by adopting a mode of generating clean coal gas first and then burning the clean coal gas for generating electricity; in addition, the equipment can further reduce the production cost of enterprises by fully utilizing the released energy in each link.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an apparatus for generating gas and generating electricity using the gas, comprising: an air separation device, a gas generation device, a heat recovery device, a desulfurization device, a gas boiler and a steam power generation device;
the air separation device is used for generating low-pressure nitrogen, high-pressure nitrogen and pure oxygen, and is connected with the gas generation device so as to convey the generated pure oxygen to the gas generation device;
the gas generating apparatus includes: the gas furnace comprises a reaction part and a heat exchange part, and the reaction part and the heat exchange part are respectively connected with the high-pressure waste pot; raw coal conveyed from a raw coal conveying device and a gasifying agent containing pure oxygen and steam are subjected to under-oxygen combustion in a reaction part of the gas furnace to generate raw gas, the raw gas is subjected to heat exchange in a heat exchange part of the gas furnace to generate a steam-water mixture, and the steam-water mixture is conveyed to a high-pressure waste boiler to generate high-pressure saturated steam;
the inlet of the heat recovery device is connected with the raw gas outlet of the gas generating device so as to recover the heat of the raw gas and convey the raw gas to the desulfurization device;
the desulfurization device desulfurizes the raw gas to form clean gas and conveys the clean gas to a heat recovery device, and the heat recovery device exchanges heat between the clean gas and the recovered raw gas to form preheated clean gas and conveys the preheated clean gas to a gas boiler;
the gas boiler comprises a gas combustion part and a gas heat exchange part, wherein the gas combustion part combusts preheated clean gas conveyed to the gas boiler; the high-pressure saturated steam and the high-pressure boiler feed water entering the gas boiler exchange heat in a gas heat exchange part of the gas boiler to form high-pressure superheated steam;
the steam inlet of the steam power generation device is connected with a steam outlet arranged at the gas heat exchange part of the gas boiler and is used for receiving the high-pressure superheated steam and converting electric energy.
Preferably, a coal grinding and drying device and a pressurizing and conveying device are connected in series between the raw coal conveying device and the gas furnace, low-pressure nitrogen generated by the air separation device is conveyed to the coal grinding and drying device, and high-pressure nitrogen generated by the air separation device is conveyed to the pressurizing and conveying device.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises: the sulfur recovery device is used for treating the acid gas produced by the desulfurization device, and the expansion power generation device is used for carrying out expansion power generation on the clean gas conveyed by the desulfurization device.
Preferably, a gas-solid separator, a convection heat exchanger and a chilling scrubber are connected in series in sequence between the raw gas outlet of the gas generating device and the inlet of the heat recovery device.
Preferably, the reaction part is disposed at an upper portion of the gas burner, and the heat exchange part is disposed at a lower portion of the gas burner.
Preferably, the high-pressure saturated steam and the high-pressure boiler feed water entering the gas boiler are respectively supplied to the steam power generation device via different pipelines after heat exchange through a gas heat exchange part of the gas boiler.
Preferably, the air separation plant is driven by steam or electricity; the raw coal is bituminous coal, anthracite coal or lignite.
Preferably, the reaction temperature of the gas furnace is 1200-1750 ℃, and the reaction pressure is 3-10 MPa; the exhaust gas emission temperature of the gas boiler is 60-100 ℃.
The invention also relates to a method for generating gas and generating electricity by using the gas, which comprises the following steps:
a) Generating low-pressure nitrogen, high-pressure nitrogen and pure oxygen by using an air separation device so as to convey the generated pure oxygen to a gas generating device;
b) Raw coal conveyed from the raw coal conveying device and gasifying agent containing pure oxygen and steam are subjected to under-oxygen combustion in a reaction part of the gas generating device to generate raw coal gas;
c) The generated raw gas is subjected to heat exchange in a heat exchange part of the gas generating device to generate a steam-water mixture, and the steam-water mixture is conveyed to a high-pressure waste boiler to generate high-pressure saturated steam;
d) Recovering heat of the raw gas by using a heat recovery device and conveying the raw gas to a desulfurization device;
e) Desulfurizing the raw gas by a desulfurizing device to form a clean gas, and conveying the clean gas to a heat recovery device;
f) Heat exchanging the clean gas with the recovered raw gas by using a heat recovery device to form preheated clean gas, and conveying the preheated clean gas to a gas boiler;
g) The gas combustion part of the gas boiler burns and releases heat the preheated clean gas conveyed to the gas boiler; the high-pressure saturated steam and the high-pressure boiler feed water entering the gas boiler form high-pressure superheated steam after heat exchange is carried out on the gas heat exchange part of the gas boiler;
h) And conveying the high-pressure superheated steam to a steam power generation device.
Preferably, in the step b), the method further comprises the steps of conveying low-pressure nitrogen generated from the air separation unit to a coal grinding and drying unit, and conveying high-pressure nitrogen generated from the air separation unit to a pressurizing and conveying unit; in said step e) further comprises: the acid gas produced from the desulfurization device is conveyed to a sulfur recovery device, and a part of the clean gas conveyed from the desulfurization device is conveyed to an expansion power generation device to perform expansion power generation.
The invention adopts the technical proposal, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts the total process route of firstly preparing gas, desulfurizing and then burning to generate electricity, ensures that the boiler fuel is clean gas, fundamentally solves the problems of tail gas dust removal, desulfurizing and denitrating, and the emission concentration of harmful substances in the discharged tail gas can reach the same emission level as the IGCC technology.
2. The gas generating device provided by the invention recovers most of sensible heat of high-temperature raw gas, and high-pressure steam is generated through heat exchange, so that the cascade utilization of energy is realized.
3. The problems of slag bonding and abrasion are not existed in the boiler, the operation failure rate of equipment is lower, and the service life is longer. In addition, the tail heating surface has no low-temperature dew point corrosion problem, so that the exhaust temperature of the boiler can be further reduced, and more energy can be recovered.
4. The invention fully utilizes the heat energy and cold energy produced by each device, optimizes the heat balance of the whole system, reduces the consumption of external energy, improves the energy utilization efficiency, and further reduces the power generation cost.
5. The invention can be modified by utilizing the existing coal-fired boiler system, and the device modification cost is only 40-50% of the IGCC technical investment on the premise of producing green coal and electricity.
Drawings
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. For clarity, the same elements in different drawings are shown with the same reference numerals. It is noted that the figures are for illustrative purposes only and are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for generating gas and generating electricity from gas according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed schematic diagram of portion A in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method of generating gas and generating electricity using the gas according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a structure of an apparatus for generating gas and generating electricity using gas according to the present invention, and fig. 2 is a detailed schematic diagram of a portion a in fig. 1, in which a solid line is a process flow line and a dash-dot line is a byproduct steam line. Specifically, the device for generating gas and generating electricity by using the gas in the invention comprises: air separation device 1, gas generation device 2, heat recovery device 3, desulfurization device 4, gas boiler 5 (including gas combustion part and gas heat exchange part), steam power generation device 6 (steam turbine power generation device), sulfur recovery device 7, expansion power generation device 8, etc. The gas generating apparatus 2 includes: gas furnace 21 (including reaction part and heat exchange part), high-pressure waste pot 22, coal grinding and drying device 23, pressurizing and conveying device 24, gas-solid separator 25, convection heat exchanger 26, chilling scrubber 27, and other units.
The air separation unit 1 is used for generating low-pressure nitrogen, high-pressure nitrogen and pure oxygen, and the air separation unit 1 is connected with the gas generating unit 2 through a pipeline so as to convey the pure oxygen generated by the air separation unit to the gas generating unit 2. Further, a coal grinding and drying device 23 and a pressurizing and conveying device 24 are connected in series between a raw coal conveying device (e.g., a coal conveying belt) and the gas furnace 21, so that low-pressure nitrogen gas generated from the air separation unit 1 is conveyed to the coal grinding and drying device 23, and high-pressure nitrogen gas generated from the air separation unit 1 is conveyed to the pressurizing and conveying device 24.
The air separation device 1 adopts a liquid oxygen internal compression flow, a compressor in the air separation device adopts steam driving or electric driving, and main products are high-pressure oxygen, high-pressure nitrogen and low-pressure nitrogen. In the operation stage of the whole equipment, the high-pressure nitrogen and the low-pressure nitrogen are preheated by low-pressure saturated steam and then are conveyed to the gas generating device 2. When the whole equipment is in normal operation, the high-pressure nitrogen and the low-pressure nitrogen are preheated through the heat exchange part of the boiler device and then are conveyed to the gas generating device. The pressure of the high-pressure oxygen is higher than the pressure of the gas furnace by more than 1.0MPa.
The gas furnace in the gas generating device 2 preferably takes pulverized coal as a raw material, takes oxygen and steam as gasifying agents, and generates high-temperature combustion reaction in a reaction part hearth, wherein the reaction temperature is 1200-1750 ℃, and the reaction pressure is 3.0-10.0 MPa. The raw materials can be selected from various coal types including bituminous coal, anthracite and lignite, so that localization of raw material coal can be realized, enterprises can freely select the coal types according to market conditions of coal and supply conditions of coal resources, and raw material cost is reduced to the greatest extent. In addition, the present invention can also burn industrial combustibles such as petroleum coke or coke powder as raw materials.
The gas generating apparatus 2 further includes a pressure-cooker waste 22, and the gas furnace 21 includes a reaction part provided at an upper portion thereof and a heat exchanging part provided at a lower portion thereof, which are respectively connected to the pressure-cooker waste 22. Raw coal conveyed by the raw coal conveying device and gasifying agent containing pure oxygen and steam are subjected to oxygen-lack combustion in a reaction part of the gas furnace to generate raw coal gas, the raw coal gas is subjected to heat exchange in the heat exchange part to generate a steam-water mixture, and the steam-water mixture is conveyed to the high-pressure waste boiler 22 through a pipeline to generate high-pressure saturated steam.
The reaction in the hearth of the gas furnace 21 is controlled to be under-oxygen combustion, and CO and H are generated 2 The raw gas is the main component, and the generation of nitrogen oxides is reduced to the maximum extent. All sulfur element in coal is converted into H 2 S and Carbon Oxysulfide (COS) are removed in a desulfurization device, so that the environmental pollution is avoided.
In addition, the coal grinding and drying device 23 is used for grinding raw coal from a coal conveying belt into powder and drying water in the raw coal to avoid coal blockage during conveying. The pressurized delivery device 24 is operative to convert atmospheric pulverized coal to high pressure pulverized coal and continuously deliver the same to the gas furnace. The pressure of the pressurizing and conveying device 24 is 0.7-1.0 MPa higher than that of the gas furnace.
In addition, the heat exchange part, the gas-solid separator 25 and the convection heat exchanger 26 of the gas furnace 21 are all provided with membrane water-cooling walls, and boiler feed water is introduced into the water-cooling walls. The raw gas generated by the combustion reaction passes through a heat exchange part of the gas furnace 21, a gas-solid separator 25 and a convection heat exchanger 26 in sequence, exchanges heat with the equipment, and the boiler feed water is partially vaporized in the water cooling wall to form a steam-water mixture. The steam-water mixture is conveyed to the high-pressure waste boiler 22 through a pipeline to generate 10.0MPa high-pressure saturated steam, and the saturated steam is led to the inlet of the superheater of the heat exchange part of the boiler device. The gas-solid separator 25 is used for carrying out primary separation on fly ash entrained in raw gas, and the mass of the separated fly ash accounts for 50% -80% of the total mass of the fly ash. The outlet of the convection heat exchanger 26 is connected to the inlet of a quench scrubber 27 unit. In the chilling scrubber 27 unit, fly ash in the raw gas is scrubbed and removed again by chilled water, so that the dust content in the outlet raw gas is ensured to be less than 1mg/m 3 . The temperature of the export raw gas is about 170 ℃, and the export raw gas is conveyed to the hot stream inlet of the heat recovery device. The gas burner and the chilled scrubber unit in the gas generator 2 have a jet of black water discharged to a water treatment unit (not shown), respectively. After the water treatment unit realizes the liquid-solid separation, the water returns to the system for reuse, and the separated ash can be used as building auxiliary materials or landfill. The bottom of the gas furnace is also provided with a solid slag discharge port, and solid slag is collected through the solid slag discharge portCan be used as building auxiliary materials or landfill. The bottoms of the gas-solid separator and the convection heat exchanger in the gas generating device are both provided with solid fly ash discharge ports, and the fly ash is collected and then used as building auxiliary materials or is buried.
The inlet of the heat recovery device 3 is connected with the raw gas outlet of the gas generator through a pipeline to recover the heat of the raw gas and convey the raw gas to the desulfurization device 4. The desulfurization device 4 desulfurizes the raw gas to form a clean gas and conveys the clean gas back to the heat recovery device 3, and the heat recovery device 3 exchanges heat of the clean gas with the recovered raw gas to form a preheated clean gas and conveys the preheated clean gas to the gas boiler 5.
The heat recovery device 3 is used for recovering sensible heat in the raw gas and preheating the clean gas sent to the boiler device to more than 130 ℃. The heat-exchanged raw gas still contains a certain amount of heat energy and can be used for preheating public engineering materials such as boiler water supply and the like. The desulfurization device 4 adopts a low-temperature removal technology, and adopts liquid ammonia expansion refrigeration to provide cold energy for the device under normal working conditions. The raw gas from the heat recovery device 3 is passed through a desulfurization device 4 to obtain a gas free of H 2 S and other harmful gases, H 2 The removal rate of S can reach more than 99 percent.
The apparatus further comprises a sulfur recovery unit 7 and an expansion power generation unit 8, wherein the sulfur recovery unit 7 is connected with the desulfurization unit 4, the sulfur recovery unit 7 is used for treating the acid gas produced by the desulfurization unit, and the expansion power generation unit 8 is used for carrying out expansion power generation on a part of the clean gas conveyed by the desulfurization unit. The purified gas is converted into low-temperature gas after the pressure energy is recovered through one-stage or two-stage expansion power generation, the low-temperature gas returns to the desulfurizing device for heat exchange and then is sent out of the device, and the recovered cold energy can reduce the refrigerating capacity of liquid ammonia expansion. To treat 150000Nm 3 The expansion power generation device of the/h clean gas is taken as an example, the expansion power generation capacity can reach 7500kW, and the energy recovery effect is obvious.
The gas boiler 5 comprises a gas combustion part and a gas heat exchange part, the gas combustion part combusts the preheated clean gas conveyed to the gas boiler, and the high-pressure saturated steam and the high-pressure boiler feed water entering the gas boiler 5 form high-pressure superheated steam after heat exchange in the gas heat exchange part of the gas boiler 5. Wherein, the fuel and gasifying agent needed by combustion are preheated clean gas from the heat recovery device and preheated combustion air from the heat exchange part of the boiler device respectively. In order to ensure that the combustion reaction releases heat sufficiently, excessive combustion air is required to be introduced, the excess air coefficient is controlled to be 1.05-1.1, and is lower than that of a coal-fired boiler, and less nitrogen oxides can be generated in the combustion process. Further, the high-temperature tail gas generated after combustion passes through a superheater (not shown), a steam generator (not shown) and a combustion air preheater (not shown) of the heat exchange part of the boiler device in sequence to generate superheated steam, saturated steam and preheated combustion air. In addition, the heat exchange part of the boiler device also comprises a nitrogen preheater, and the high-pressure nitrogen and the low-pressure nitrogen produced by the air separation device are preheated and then are conveyed to the gas utilization position of the gas generation device. The nitrogen preheater is located between the steam generator and the combustion air preheater. The exhaust temperature of the tail gas is controlled at 60-100 ℃, so that sensible heat in the tail gas is recovered as much as possible, and the energy utilization efficiency of the device is improved.
The steam inlet of the steam power generation device 6 communicates with a steam outlet provided at the gas heat exchanging portion of the gas boiler 5 for receiving the high pressure superheated steam and converting it into electric energy. And most of high-pressure superheated steam generated by the heat exchange part of the boiler device is conveyed to the steam turbine power generation device, and the rest is used for gas for the process device.
In addition, the high-pressure saturated steam and the high-pressure boiler feed water which have entered the gas boiler 5 are respectively supplied to the steam power generation device via different pipes after being heat exchanged through the gas heat exchanging portion of the gas boiler 5.
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention also relates to a method of generating gas and generating electricity using the gas, comprising the steps of: the air separation unit is used for generating low-pressure nitrogen, high-pressure nitrogen and pure oxygen so as to convey the generated pure oxygen to the gas generating unit. Raw coal conveyed from the raw coal conveying device and a gasifying agent containing pure oxygen and steam are subjected to under-oxygen combustion in a reaction part of the gas generating device to generate raw coal gas. The low-pressure nitrogen gas generated from the air separation unit is sent to a coal grinding and drying unit, and the high-pressure nitrogen gas generated from the air separation unit is sent to a pressurizing and conveying unit. The generated raw gas is subjected to heat exchange in a heat exchange part of the gas generating device to generate a steam-water mixture, and the steam-water mixture is conveyed to a high-pressure waste boiler to generate high-pressure saturated steam. The heat of the raw gas is recovered by a heat recovery device and the raw gas is sent to a desulfurization device. The raw gas is desulphurised with a desulphurisation device to form a clean gas and the clean gas is transported to a heat recovery device. The clean gas is heat exchanged with the recovered raw gas by means of a heat recovery device to form a preheated clean gas, and the preheated clean gas is fed to a gas boiler. The gas combustion part of the gas boiler combusts the preheated clean gas which is conveyed to the gas boiler. And conveying the acid gas produced from the desulfurization device to a sulfur recovery device, and conveying the clean gas conveyed from the desulfurization device to an expansion power generation device to perform expansion power generation. The high-pressure saturated steam and the high-pressure boiler feed water entering the gas boiler form high-pressure superheated steam after heat exchange through a gas heat exchange part of the gas boiler. And conveying the high-pressure superheated steam to a steam power generation device.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. The foregoing description is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to make and utilize various exemplary embodiments and various alternatives and modifications thereof. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. An apparatus for generating gas and generating electricity using the gas, comprising: an air separation device (1), a gas generation device (2), a heat recovery device (3), a desulfurization device (4), a gas boiler (5) and a steam power generation device (6);
the air separation device (1) is used for generating low-pressure nitrogen, high-pressure nitrogen and pure oxygen, and the air separation device (1) is connected with the gas generation device (2) so as to convey the generated pure oxygen to the gas generation device (2);
the gas generating device (2) comprises: a gas furnace (21) and a high-pressure waste pan (22), wherein the gas furnace (21) comprises a reaction part and a heat exchange part, and the reaction part and the heat exchange part are respectively connected with the high-pressure waste pan (22); raw coal conveyed from a raw coal conveying device and a gasifying agent containing pure oxygen and steam are subjected to under-oxygen combustion in a reaction part of the gas furnace to generate raw gas, the raw gas is subjected to heat exchange in a heat exchange part of the gas furnace to generate a steam-water mixture, and the steam-water mixture is conveyed to a high-pressure waste boiler (22) to generate high-pressure saturated steam;
an inlet of the heat recovery device (3) is connected with a raw gas outlet of the gas generating device so as to recover heat of the raw gas and convey the raw gas to the desulfurization device (4);
the desulfurization device (4) is used for desulfurizing the raw gas to form clean gas and conveying the clean gas to the heat recovery device (3), and the heat recovery device (3) is used for carrying out heat exchange on the clean gas and the recovered raw gas to form preheated clean gas and conveying the preheated clean gas to the gas boiler (5);
the gas boiler (5) comprises a gas combustion part and a gas heat exchange part, wherein the gas combustion part combusts preheated clean gas conveyed to the gas boiler; the high-pressure saturated steam and the high-pressure boiler feed water entering the gas boiler (5) form high-pressure superheated steam after heat exchange in a gas heat exchange part of the gas boiler (5);
the steam inlet of the steam power generation device (6) is connected with a steam outlet arranged at the gas heat exchange part of the gas boiler (5) and is used for receiving the high-pressure superheated steam and converting electric energy.
2. The apparatus for generating gas and using gas to generate electricity according to claim 1, wherein: a coal grinding and drying device (23) and a pressurizing and conveying device (24) are connected in series between the raw coal conveying device and the gas furnace (21), low-pressure nitrogen generated by the air separation device (1) is conveyed to the coal grinding and drying device (23), and high-pressure nitrogen generated by the air separation device (1) is conveyed to the pressurizing and conveying device (24).
3. The apparatus for generating gas and using gas to generate electricity as recited in claim 1, further comprising: and the sulfur recovery device (7) and the expansion power generation device (8) are respectively connected with the desulfurization device (4), the sulfur recovery device (7) is used for treating the acid gas produced by the desulfurization device, and the expansion power generation device (8) is used for carrying out expansion power generation on the clean gas conveyed by the desulfurization device (4).
4. The apparatus for generating gas and using gas to generate electricity according to claim 1, wherein: a gas-solid separator (25), a convection heat exchanger (26) and a chilling scrubber (27) are sequentially connected in series between the crude gas outlet of the gas generating device and the inlet of the heat recovery device (3).
5. The apparatus for generating gas and using gas to generate electricity according to claim 1, wherein: the reaction part is arranged at the upper part of the gas furnace (21), and the heat exchange part is arranged at the lower part of the gas furnace (21).
6. The apparatus for generating gas and using gas to generate electricity according to claim 1, wherein: the high-pressure saturated steam and the high-pressure boiler feed water which enter the gas boiler (5) are respectively conveyed to the steam power generation device through different pipelines after heat exchange is carried out on the gas heat exchange part of the gas boiler (5).
7. The apparatus for generating gas and using gas to generate electricity according to claim 1, wherein: the air separation device (1) is driven by steam or electricity; the raw coal is bituminous coal, anthracite coal or lignite.
8. The apparatus for generating gas and using gas to generate electricity according to claim 1, wherein: the reaction temperature of the gas furnace is 1200-1750 ℃, and the reaction pressure is 3-10 MPa; the exhaust gas emission temperature of the gas boiler is 60-100 ℃.
9. A method of generating gas and generating electricity from the gas, comprising the steps of:
a) Generating low-pressure nitrogen, high-pressure nitrogen and pure oxygen by using an air separation device so as to convey the generated pure oxygen to a gas generating device;
b) Raw coal conveyed from the raw coal conveying device and gasifying agent containing pure oxygen and steam are subjected to under-oxygen combustion in a reaction part of the gas generating device to generate raw coal gas;
c) The generated raw gas is subjected to heat exchange in a heat exchange part of the gas generating device to generate a steam-water mixture, and the steam-water mixture is conveyed to a high-pressure waste boiler to generate high-pressure saturated steam;
d) Recovering heat of the raw gas by using a heat recovery device and conveying the raw gas to a desulfurization device;
e) Desulfurizing the raw gas by a desulfurizing device to form a clean gas, and conveying the clean gas to a heat recovery device;
f) Heat exchanging the clean gas with the recovered raw gas by using a heat recovery device to form preheated clean gas, and conveying the preheated clean gas to a gas boiler;
g) The gas combustion part of the gas boiler burns and releases heat the preheated clean gas conveyed to the gas boiler; the high-pressure saturated steam and the high-pressure boiler feed water entering the gas boiler form high-pressure superheated steam after heat exchange is carried out on the gas heat exchange part of the gas boiler;
h) And conveying the high-pressure superheated steam to a steam power generation device.
10. The method of generating gas and utilizing gas to generate electricity as recited in claim 9, wherein:
in the step b), the method further comprises the steps of conveying the low-pressure nitrogen generated from the air separation device to a coal grinding and drying device, and conveying the high-pressure nitrogen generated from the air separation device to a pressurizing and conveying device;
in said step e) further comprises: the acid gas produced from the desulfurization device is conveyed to a sulfur recovery device, and a part of the clean gas conveyed from the desulfurization device is conveyed to an expansion power generation device to perform expansion power generation.
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