CN107134975B - Multichannel manifold system for heat dissipation of concentrating photovoltaic cell - Google Patents
Multichannel manifold system for heat dissipation of concentrating photovoltaic cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN107134975B CN107134975B CN201710538825.2A CN201710538825A CN107134975B CN 107134975 B CN107134975 B CN 107134975B CN 201710538825 A CN201710538825 A CN 201710538825A CN 107134975 B CN107134975 B CN 107134975B
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- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
- H01L31/0521—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
- H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel multi-channel manifold system for heat dissipation of a concentrating photovoltaic cell, which comprises a concentrating photovoltaic cell chip array, a sealing plate and a manifold heat dissipation plate, wherein the concentrating photovoltaic cell chip array, the sealing plate and the manifold heat dissipation plate are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, one group or a plurality of groups of manifold channel grooves are processed on the manifold heat dissipation plate, each group of manifold channel grooves consists of two tree-shaped manifolds, each tree-shaped manifold has a 5-stage channel, the inlet is a 1-stage channel, the outlet is a 5-stage channel, the sealing plate is arranged on the manifold heat dissipation plate to seal the group or the plurality of groups of manifold channel grooves on the manifold heat dissipation plate, the concentrating photovoltaic cell chip array is arranged on the sealing plate, and the outlet-stage channels of the manifolds are arranged right below the concentrating photovoltaic cell chip array. The invention can efficiently reduce the temperature of the concentrating photovoltaic cell chip array, solves the problem of large temperature difference between different chips in the concentrating photovoltaic cell array, and can keep the temperature among the cells on the array to be uniformly distributed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a concentrating photovoltaic cell heat dissipation system, in particular to a novel multichannel manifold system for concentrating photovoltaic cell heat dissipation.
Background
The concentrating photovoltaic cell technology is a technology for directly converting sunlight which is concentrated in multiple times by using a lens or a reflector into electric energy through a photovoltaic cell. The concentrated photovoltaic cell absorbs most of sunlight, except that a part of the sunlight is converted into electric energy through the cell, the electric energy is converted into heat energy. However, the power generation efficiency of the concentrated photovoltaic cell is inversely related to the cell temperature. If the heat is not efficiently dissipated, the high temperature and the uneven temperature distribution may cause a reduction in the power generation efficiency and a reduction in the service life of the battery, and even the battery may be damaged by overheating.
In order to improve the power generation efficiency of the concentrating photovoltaic cell and ensure the normal operation of the cell, necessary measures need to be taken to dissipate heat of the cell. The heat dissipation method can be divided into active heat dissipation and passive heat dissipation according to different heat dissipation mechanisms. The passive heat dissipation mainly utilizes a heat sink or a heat dissipation plate to perform natural convection heat dissipation. The natural convection heat dissipation device is convenient to install and low in cost, but the cooling mode has limited heat dissipation capacity and is greatly influenced by the surrounding environment (temperature, wind speed and the like).
The active heat dissipation mode mainly comprises immersion liquid heat dissipation, jet impact heat dissipation and heat dissipation modes of some channel heat exchangers. The immersion liquid heat dissipation mode has good heat dissipation effect and good temperature uniformity, but the liquid can absorb and reflect a part of sunlight to reduce the radiation intensity, and the heat dissipation mode has high cost and complex structure. The thermal resistance of jet impact heat dissipation is very low, the heat exchange coefficient at the center of the jet is large, but the heat exchange coefficient can be rapidly reduced along with the distance from the center of the jet. If the heat dissipation area is large, the jet array is used, but adjacent jets in the jet array can be influenced mutually, and then the whole heat dissipation effect is reduced. The channel heat exchanger has high-efficiency heat exchange performance and a compact structure. However, the channel heat sink used at present has the disadvantages of uneven heat dissipation and large energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a multi-channel manifold system for heat dissipation by using a novel concentrating photovoltaic cell.
The invention provides a novel multichannel manifold system for heat dissipation of a concentrating photovoltaic cell, which comprises a concentrating photovoltaic cell chip array, a sealing plate and a manifold heat dissipation plate, wherein the concentrating photovoltaic cell chip array, the sealing plate and the manifold heat dissipation plate are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, one or more groups of manifold channel grooves are processed on the manifold heat dissipation plate, each group of manifold channel grooves consists of two tree-shaped manifolds, each tree-shaped manifold has 5-stage channels, an inlet is a 1-stage channel, an outlet is a 5-stage channel, and each stage has 2 i-1 The device comprises a plurality of parallel channels, i represents the level of the channel, the cross section of each level of channel is quadrilateral, the depth of each level of channel is gradually reduced from the 1 st level to the last level, two tree-shaped manifold channels of each group of manifold channel grooves are processed on the same layer, the outlet level channels of the two tree-shaped manifold channels are arranged in a crossed manner, the flowing directions of fluids in the channels are opposite, a sealing plate is arranged on a manifold cooling plate to seal one or more groups of manifold channel grooves on the manifold cooling plate, the concentrating photovoltaic cell chips are arranged on the sealing plate in an array manner, and the outlet level channels of the manifolds are arranged right below the concentrating photovoltaic cell chips in an array manner;
the design of the manifold channel slots on the manifold cooling plate is based on the minimum entropy production method, the firstiEquivalent diameter of the stage channelD eq,i And a firstiWhen the +1 stage channelDiameter of measurementD eq,i+1 The formula needs to be satisfied:
the length of each stage of channel is limited by installation conditions, so that the length cannot be too long; however, the length of the channel needs to be long enough to ensure that the fluid in the channel is fully developed, otherwise, the fluid in the channel cannot be uniformly distributed to the lower-level channel; first, theiLength of stage channelL i The formula is to be satisfied:
in the formulaCIs constant, and is recommended to have a value of not less than 7.
Preferably, the sealing plate and the manifold heat dissipation plate are made of high thermal conductivity materials.
Preferably, the cross-section of each stage of channels of the tree manifold is a regular quadrilateral.
Preferably, the depth of each stage channel of the manifold channel slot is from stage 1 to stage oneiThe stages are reduced step by step.
Preferably, the manifold channel grooves on the manifold heat dissipation plate are processed on the same layer and are processed in opposite directions, and the outlet-stage channels of the two manifold channel grooves are arranged in a crossed manner and the flow directions of the fluids in the channels are opposite.
Preferably, the fluid in the manifold channel slot is powered by a pump, and the electrical energy consumed by the pump is provided by the concentrated photovoltaic cell.
When the heat dissipation device works, if the heat dissipation fluid medium is properly selected, the convection heat dissipation mode of the fluid in the manifold channel slot plays a main role. The heat on the concentrating photovoltaic cell chip array is firstly transferred to the sealing plate in a heat conduction mode, part of the heat on the sealing plate is transferred to the manifold heat dissipation plate in a heat conduction mode, and the residual heat on the sealing plate and the heat on the manifold heat dissipation plate are taken away by fluid in a manifold channel groove in a convection mode, so that the purpose of reducing the temperature of the concentrating photovoltaic cell chip is finally achieved. A pump is required to power the flow of the fluid, and the electrical energy consumed by the pump is provided by the concentrated photovoltaic cell. By adopting the structural design, the invention not only has good heat dissipation effect, but also has very low energy consumption. If the size of the manifold channel is reduced and one or more groups of manifold channel grooves are added, the heat dissipation capacity of the heat dissipation system is remarkably improved, the temperature distribution on the concentrating photovoltaic cell is more uniform, the energy consumption is reduced, and the volume of the whole heat dissipation system is also reduced.
The invention can be used as a heat radiation system of a concentrating photovoltaic cell array, has very high heat radiation performance, can efficiently reduce the temperature of the concentrating photovoltaic cell chip array, solves the problem of large temperature difference between different chips in the concentrating photovoltaic cell array, and can keep the temperature among the cells on the array to be uniformly distributed; not scattered to occupy space, compact structure, the integrated level is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the layered structure of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the concentrating photovoltaic cell array and the sealing plate.
FIG. 3 is a manifold heat sink with a single set of manifold channel slots.
FIG. 4 is a view of the fluid fields in the manifold channel slots of the manifold heat sink of FIG. 3.
Fig. 5 is a view taken along direction a of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature of the upper surface of the array of concentrated photovoltaic cells and the flow rate when the heat is dissipated by the manifold heat dissipating plate of fig. 3.
FIG. 7 shows a manifold heat sink with two sets of manifold channels formed therein.
Fig. 8 is a comparison of the heat dissipation effect of the manifold heat dissipation plates of fig. 3 and 7 with respect to the temperature difference.
Fig. 9 is a comparison of the heat dissipation effect of the manifold heat dissipation plate of fig. 3 and 7 with respect to energy consumption.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-5, a novel multichannel manifold system for heat dissipation of concentrating photovoltaic cells comprises a concentrating photovoltaic cell chip array 1, a sealing plate 2 and a manifold heat dissipation plate 3, wherein the concentrating photovoltaic cell chip array 1, the sealing plate 2 and the manifold heat dissipation plate 3 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, one or more groups of manifold channel grooves are processed on the manifold heat dissipation plate 3, each group of manifold channel groove is composed of two tree-shaped manifolds 3-1 and 3-2, each tree-shaped manifold 3-1 and 3-2 is provided with 5-level channels, an inlet is a 1 st-level channel, an outlet is a 5 th-level channel, and each level is provided with 2 i-1 The parallel channels i represent the level of the channel, the cross section of each level of channel is quadrilateral, the depth of each level of channel is gradually reduced from the level 1 to the last level, the two tree-shaped manifolds 3-1 and 3-2 of each group of manifold channel grooves are processed in the same layer, the outlet level channels of the two tree-shaped manifolds 3-1 and 3-2 are arranged in a crossed mode, and the flow directions of fluids in the channels are opposite.
The same fluids 4-1 and 4-2 are introduced into the manifolds 3-1 and 3-2 to serve as heat dissipation media, the sealing plate 2 is very thin and is bonded with the manifold heat dissipation plate 3 to seal the manifolds 3-1 and 3-2, the concentrating photovoltaic cell chip array 1 is formed by arranging a plurality of concentrating photovoltaic cell chips and is arranged on the sealing plate 2, and outlet-level channels of the manifolds 3-1 and 3-2 are just arranged right below the concentrating photovoltaic cell chip array 1. The sealing plate 2 has to transmit heat of the array of concentrated photovoltaic cells 1 in addition to the function of the sealing manifolds 3-1 and 3-2, so that the thermal conductivity of the sealing plate 2 must be very good. For the manifold heat dissipation plate 3, on one hand, the whole heat dissipation system mainly takes the convection heat transfer of the fluid in the manifold channel as the main part, and the conductivity of the manifold heat dissipation plate 3 is not important; on the other hand, during the heat transfer process, part of the heat on the sealing plate 2 is transferred to the manifold heat dissipation plate 3 in a heat conduction mode, the residual heat on the sealing plate 2 and the heat on the manifold heat dissipation plate 3 are carried away by the fluid in the manifolds 3-1 and 3-2 in a convection mode, and if the heat conduction of the heat dissipation plate 3 is good, the convection heat transfer effect of the fluid in the manifolds 3-1 and 3-2 is facilitated. Therefore, the material of the manifold heat sink 3 is excellent in heat conductivity.
Taking summer solstice as an example, the place is Shenzhen, and the concentrating photovoltaic cell array has 100 same concentrating photovoltaic cellsCell chip, the initial power generation efficiency of each cell is 41.2%, the concentration ratio is 500, 11 2 The ambient temperature is 34.8 ℃, and the heat dissipation fluid medium is liquid water. As shown in fig. 6, the maximum temperature, the average temperature, and the maximum temperature difference of the upper surface of the concentrated photovoltaic cell chip when the heat is dissipated by the manifold heat dissipating plate in fig. 3 are related to the inlet speed of the liquid water. The maximum temperature, average temperature and maximum temperature differential are shown to decrease with increasing inlet liquid water flow rate. When the inlet flow rate is 0.7263m/s, the average temperature of the upper surface of the concentrating photovoltaic cell array is 72 ℃, the temperature range is 19.77 ℃, the power generation efficiency is 38.99%, the power generation capacity is 1839W, the power consumption is 0.3125W, and the heat dissipation effect is good. Fig. 7 shows a manifold heat sink 3 having two sets of manifold channel slots formed therein 8189. Fig. 8 shows manifold heat sinks 3 and 3 \8189infig. 3 and 7, comparing the heat dissipation effect, the temperature range on the concentrated photovoltaic cell array 1 decreases with the increase of the flow velocity at the channel inlet, and the heat dissipation uniformity of the manifold heat sink 3 \8189infig. 7 is always higher than that of the manifold heat sink 3 in fig. 3. Fig. 9 is a relationship between heat dissipation effect and power consumption of the manifold heat dissipation plates 3 and 3 \8189infig. 3 and 7 and a comparison of heat dissipation effect therebetween, and when the power consumption of the pump is increased, the temperature on the concentrated photovoltaic cell array 1 is decreased, and the increase in the number of manifold channel grooves is advantageous for improving the heat dissipation performance.
The invention is not only suitable for radiating the concentrating photovoltaic cell array, but also can be used for radiating equipment needing heat radiation, such as fuel cells, lithium batteries, electronic products and the like.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. AThe utility model provides a multichannel manifold system for spotlight photovoltaic cell heat dissipation, includes spotlight photovoltaic cell chip array, closing plate and manifold heating panel, its characterized in that, spotlight photovoltaic cell chip array, closing plate and manifold heating panel set gradually from the top down, the manifold heating panel on process and have a set of or multiunit manifold channel groove, every group manifold channel groove comprises two tree-shaped manifolds, every tree-shaped manifold has 5 grades of passageways, the entry is the 1 st grade passageway, the export is the 5 th grade passageway, there is 2 at every grade i-1 The device comprises a plurality of parallel channels, i represents the level of the channel, the cross section of each level of channel is quadrilateral, the depth of each level of channel is gradually reduced from the 1 st level to the last level, two tree-shaped manifold channels of each group of manifold channel grooves are processed on the same layer, the outlet level channels of the two tree-shaped manifold channels are arranged in a crossed manner, the flowing directions of fluids in the channels are opposite, a sealing plate is arranged on a manifold cooling plate to seal one or more groups of manifold channel grooves on the manifold cooling plate, the concentrating photovoltaic cell chips are arranged on the sealing plate in an array manner, and the outlet level channels of the manifolds are arranged right below the concentrating photovoltaic cell chips in an array manner;
the design of the manifold channel slots on the manifold cooling plate is based on the minimum entropy production method, the firstiEquivalent diameter of the stage channelD eq,i And a firstiEquivalent diameter of +1 stage channelD eq,i+1 The formula needs to be satisfied:
the length of each stage of channel is limited by installation conditions, so that the length cannot be too long; however, the length of the channel needs to be long enough to ensure that the fluid in the channel is fully developed, otherwise, the fluid in the channel cannot be uniformly distributed to the lower-level channel; first, theiLength of stage channelL i To satisfy the formula:
in the formulaCIs a constant having a value of not less than 7.
2. The multi-channel manifold system for heat dissipation of concentrated photovoltaic cells as recited in claim 1, wherein the sealing plate and the manifold heat sink are made of high thermal conductivity material.
3. The multi-channel manifold system for heat dissipation of the concentrated photovoltaic cell as recited in claim 1, wherein the cross section of each channel of the tree-shaped manifold is a regular quadrilateral.
4. The multi-channel manifold system for heat dissipation of concentrated photovoltaic cells of claim 1, wherein the depth of each channel of the manifold channel groove decreases from the 1 st stage to the i th stage.
5. The multi-channel manifold system for heat dissipation of concentrated photovoltaic cells as recited in claim 1, wherein the manifold channels of the manifold heat sink are machined on the same layer in opposite directions, and the outlet channels of the two manifold channels are arranged in a cross pattern with opposite fluid flow directions.
6. The multi-channel manifold system for heat dissipation of the concentrated photovoltaic cells of claim 1, wherein the fluid in the channels of the manifold is powered by a pump, and the electric energy consumed by the pump is provided by the concentrated photovoltaic cell array.
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| CN108520991B (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2022-11-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | Novel thermal management system of vehicle-mounted lithium ion battery |
| CN111554644B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2022-04-01 | 厦门通富微电子有限公司 | Chip, chip package and wafer |
| CN117253867B (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2024-05-31 | 安徽钜芯半导体科技股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic module and diode heat dissipation method |
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| CN105071766A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-18 | 重庆理工大学 | Concentrating photovoltaic battery air-cooled heat dissipation system |
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| US9437905B2 (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2016-09-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Traction battery thermal plate manifold |
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| CN105071766A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-18 | 重庆理工大学 | Concentrating photovoltaic battery air-cooled heat dissipation system |
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