CN107133425B - Method for automatically arranging photovoltaic square matrix in complex terrain - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for automatically arranging a photovoltaic square matrix in a complex terrain comprises the following steps: (1) calculating the solar radiation amount according to the current latitude, and calculating the optimal inclination angle; (2) preliminarily dividing a given area; (3) carrying out shielding calculation, calculating a shadow area, marking, and adjusting the area obtained in the step (2); (4) carrying out photovoltaic square matrix grid division on the arrangeable area, and carrying out initial arrangement; (5) performing inverter meshing on the arrangeable region; (6) determining the arrangement positions of the inverter and the combiner box; and (1), determining the inclination angle and the initial arrangeable area of the photovoltaic square matrix, and preparing for the arrangement of the photovoltaic square matrix, and performing comprehensive optimal arrangement of the photovoltaic square matrix on the basis of the steps (4), (5) and (6).
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a method for automatically arranging a photovoltaic square matrix, in particular to a method for automatically arranging a photovoltaic square matrix on the premise of a complex terrain.
Background
The photovoltaic square matrix arrangement needs to comprehensively consider the illumination quantity and the output power, namely, the influence of the inclination angle and orientation of the photovoltaic square matrix on the illumination quantity needs to be considered, and the mutual shielding of the photovoltaic square matrix needs to be considered.
The photovoltaic square matrix is arranged by adopting a common manual method, a large amount of complex calculation is needed, the time consumption is long, the efficiency is low, repeated iteration is needed, partial parameters are adjusted, large-amplitude adjustment is needed, even the arrangement is needed from the beginning for many times, the adjustment direction is unclear, and the achievement cannot be seen quickly. Especially for complex terrains, the arrangement is generally carried out by a manual method, the workload is greatly increased, and the optimality of the arrangement result cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides the method for automatically arranging the photovoltaic square matrix in the complex terrain, and ensures that the comprehensive optimal result is arranged under the condition of the complex terrain.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the method for automatically arranging the photovoltaic square matrix in the complex terrain comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the solar radiation amount according to the current latitude, and calculating the optimal inclination angle;
(2) preliminarily dividing a given area;
(3) carrying out shielding calculation, calculating a shadow area, marking, and adjusting the area obtained in the step (2);
(4) carrying out photovoltaic square matrix grid division on the arrangeable area, and carrying out initial arrangement;
(5) performing inverter meshing on the arrangeable region;
(6) determining the arrangement positions of the inverter and the combiner box;
and (1), determining the inclination angle and the initial arrangeable area of the photovoltaic square matrix, and preparing for the arrangement of the photovoltaic square matrix, and performing comprehensive optimal arrangement of the photovoltaic square matrix on the basis of the steps (4), (5) and (6).
The invention adopts the grid method for arrangement, thereby greatly reducing the arrangement difficulty and greatly reducing the iteration times; an incremental processing mode is adopted to support continuous processing after stopping, and the previous results are reserved; according to the comprehensive consideration of the maximum solar radiation quantity and the shortest wiring length, the cost of photovoltaic design can be reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general flow diagram of the present invention for arranging a photovoltaic array.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the shadow calculation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the method for automatically arranging the photovoltaic square matrix in the complex terrain comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the solar radiation amount according to the current latitude, and calculating the optimal inclination angle;
(2) preliminarily dividing a given area;
(3) carrying out shielding calculation, calculating a shadow area, marking, and adjusting the area obtained in the step (2);
(4) carrying out photovoltaic square matrix grid division on the arrangeable area, and carrying out initial arrangement;
(5) dividing an inverter and a confluence box grid into arrangeable areas;
(6) determining the arrangement positions of the inverter and the combiner box;
and (1), determining the inclination angle and the initial arrangeable area of the photovoltaic square matrix, and preparing for the arrangement of the photovoltaic square matrix, and performing comprehensive optimal arrangement of the photovoltaic square matrix on the basis of the steps (4), (5) and (6).
The invention adopts the grid method for arrangement, thereby greatly reducing the arrangement difficulty and greatly reducing the iteration times; an incremental processing mode is adopted to support continuous processing after stopping, and the previous results are reserved; according to the comprehensive consideration of the maximum solar radiation quantity and the shortest wiring length, the cost of photovoltaic design can be reduced.
In addition, in the step (1), the calculation of the optimum tilt angle is divided into three steps:
(1.1) selecting an initial step length of the dip angle, and calculating the total solar irradiation on the inclined plane within the range of (0 degrees and 90 degrees) according to the step length to obtain the dip angle with the maximum total solar irradiation under the current step length;
(1.2) modifying the calculation range to be one step length above and below the optimal inclination angle obtained in the step (1.1), reducing the inclination angle step length, and repeating the step (1.1);
(1.3) repeating the step (1.2) until an optimal inclination angle is obtained.
In addition, the step (2) is to divide the given area into two steps:
(2.1) calculating and counting the gradient of a given area, setting a sampling interval, and calculating the gradient according to the elevation in the sampling range; calculating the gradient of the central point by adopting a nine-point grid method according to the elevation of the central point and the elevations of the eight adjacent sampling points around the central point, and counting the gradient range of the given area;
and (2.2) performing preliminary division according to the statistical result, recording the average gradient of each region, setting a threshold value according to the statistical result in the step (2.1), performing preliminary division on the region, and ensuring that the gradient in each sub-region is close to the average gradient.
In addition, in the step (3), the occlusion calculation is performed according to three points from nine am to pm on the winter solstice day, so as to calculate the maximum shadow area, and the occlusion calculation needs to be performed according to a three-dimensional space:
(3.1) carrying out shielding calculation on the obstacles in the area, and carrying out shielding calculation on each obstacle in the area respectively; for an obstacle, carrying out occlusion calculation on each vertex of the outline of the obstacle, and obtaining a union set of the obtained shadow areas;
(3.2) carrying out occlusion calculation on the terrain, selecting a peak in the area for occlusion calculation, wherein the peak terrain refers to a peak formed when the elevation is larger than the surrounding elevation; calculating a maximum shadow area formed by the terrain;
(3.3) combining the shadow areas obtained by the calculation in the step (3.1) and the step (3.2), marking the shadow areas as non-arrangeable areas, and adjusting the arrangeable areas;
(3.4) carrying out shielding calculation on the photovoltaic square matrix, calculating shadow areas under all slopes, calculating the shadow areas on the photovoltaic square matrix according to the optimal inclination angle and the top, calculating the shadow areas under all slopes, and recording for later arrangement;
and (3.5) calculating the shielding calculation of the inverter and calculating the shadow area under each slope.
In addition, the step (4) performs photovoltaic square matrix grid division on the arrangeable area, performs initial arrangement, and comprises four steps:
(4.1) selecting an initial arrangement grid, selecting an initial position in a region close to the edge, recording the central position of the photovoltaic square matrix according to the size and the inclination angle of the photovoltaic square matrix, and dividing a grid occupied by the photovoltaic square matrix body and a shadow region as the initial grid according to a shadow range corresponding to the gradient of the arrangement position;
(4.2) selecting the next arrangement grid, translating the grid on the basis of the grid selected in the step (4.1) and on the basis of the grid close to the edge and the grid selected in the step (4.1), recording the central position of the photovoltaic square matrix according to the size and the inclination angle of the photovoltaic square matrix, and adjusting the size of the grid according to the shadow range corresponding to the gradient of the central position;
(4.3) repeating the step (4.2), continuing to arrange the grids until the arrangeable areas are completely arranged, and recording the number of the grids, which is the number of the photovoltaic square matrixes;
and (4.4) adjusting the initial arrangement position, and repeating the step (4.1) until the number of the photovoltaic square matrixes reaches the maximum, wherein the grid at the moment is used as an initial scheme for arranging the photovoltaic square matrixes.
In addition, the step (5) performs inverter meshing on the arrangeable area, the inverter takes the position close to the road as the priority, takes the position close to the center of the area as the priority, and takes the principle that the grid occupies the least grid of the photovoltaic square matrix as the minimum:
(5.1) selecting an inverter arrangeable area, and taking a certain amount of shrinkage in the edge of the area as the arrangeable area of the inverter;
and (5.2) in the range of the layout area determined in the step (5.1), referring to the photovoltaic square matrix grids, calculating a shadow range according to the size of the inverter and the slope corresponding to the photovoltaic square matrix grids, and dividing the inverter grids according to the principle of occupying the least photovoltaic square matrix grids.
In addition, the step (6) determines the arrangement positions of the inverter and the combiner box, and calculates the number of the power generation units and the number of the combiner boxes which need to be divided according to the number of the photovoltaic square matrix grids selected in the step (4):
(6.1) selecting an initial position of the inverter according to the grid of the inverter in the step (5), and marking a photovoltaic square matrix in the photovoltaic square matrix grid occupied by the inverter and the convergence box grid as a deleted state;
(6.2) since the combiner box is arranged below the photovoltaic square matrix, the initial position of the combiner box is selected according to the grid of the photovoltaic square matrix.
(6.3) connecting the photovoltaic square matrix near the junction box in series to the junction box, and connecting the junction box to the inverter to obtain the wiring length;
and (6.4) recovering the photovoltaic square matrix marked as the deleted state to be in a normal state, adjusting the positions of the combiner box and the inverter, and repeating the steps (6.1) - (6.3) until the minimum wiring length is obtained.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The invention provides a method for automatically arranging photovoltaic matrixes in complex terrains, which is characterized in that an appointed area is supposed to provide elevation information, roads and barriers are designed, the types and the sizes of the photovoltaic matrixes, junction boxes and inverters are selected, the number of photovoltaic matrixes which need to be connected in series with one junction box is determined, and the number of junction boxes which are connected with one inverter is determined. The specific arrangement comprises the following steps:
1. calculating the solar irradiation amount according to the current latitude to calculate the optimal inclination angle
1) Selecting an initial step length of the dip angle, and calculating the total solar irradiation on the inclined plane within the range of (0 degrees and 90 degrees) according to the step length to obtain the dip angle with the maximum total solar irradiation under the current step length;
2) the calculation range is modified into 1), the optimal inclination angle obtained in the step 1) is increased, the inclination angle step is decreased, and the step 1) is repeated;
3) and repeating the step 2) until the optimal inclination angle is obtained.
2. Preliminarily dividing a given area
1) Calculating and counting slopes of given area
And setting a sampling interval, and calculating the gradient according to the elevation in the sampling range. Specifically, a nine-point grid method is adopted, and the gradient of the central point is calculated according to the elevation of the central point and the elevations of the eight adjacent sampling points around the central point. And counting the gradient range of the given area.
2) Performing primary division according to the statistical result, and recording the average gradient of each region
Setting a threshold value according to the statistical result in the step 1), and primarily dividing the region to ensure that the gradient in each sub-region is close to the average gradient.
3. Carrying out occlusion calculation, calculating shadow area, marking, and adjusting the area obtained in the step 2
And calculating the shielding calculation according to nine points in the morning to three points in the afternoon on the winter solstice day, and calculating the maximum shadow area. Occlusion calculations need to be performed in three-dimensional space.
1) Occlusion computation for obstacles in an area
And respectively carrying out occlusion calculation on each obstacle in the area. For an obstacle, occlusion calculation is performed on each vertex of the outline of the obstacle, and the union set of the obtained shadow areas is obtained.
2) Occlusion computation for terrain
And (3) carrying out occlusion calculation on the terrain, and selecting a peak in the area to carry out occlusion calculation, wherein the peak terrain refers to the peak formed when the elevation is greater than the surrounding elevation. The maximum shadow area formed by the terrain is calculated.
3) And combining the shadow areas obtained by the calculation of 1) and 2), marking the shadow areas as non-arrangeable, and adjusting the arrangeable areas.
4) And calculating the occlusion of the photovoltaic square matrix, and calculating the shadow area under each slope.
And calculating shadow areas of the photovoltaic square matrix according to the optimal inclination angle and the top, calculating the shadow areas under all slopes, and recording for later arrangement.
5) And calculating the shielding calculation of the inverter and calculating the shadow area under each slope.
4. Carrying out photovoltaic square matrix grid division on the arrangeable area, and carrying out initial arrangement
1) Selecting a starting arrangement grid
The initial position can be selected near the edge area, the central position of the photovoltaic square matrix is recorded according to the size and the inclination angle of the photovoltaic square matrix, and the photovoltaic square matrix body and the grids occupied by the shadow area are divided as the initial grid according to the shadow range corresponding to the gradient of the arrangement position.
2) Selecting the next arrangement grid
Taking the grid selected in the step 1) as a reference, taking the grid close to the edge and the grid selected in the step 1) as a principle, translating the grid, recording the central position of the photovoltaic square matrix according to the size and the inclination angle of the photovoltaic square matrix, and adjusting the size of the grid according to the shadow range corresponding to the gradient of the central position.
3) And repeating the step 2), and continuing to arrange the grids until the arrangeable areas are completely arranged, and recording the number of the grids, namely the number of the photovoltaic square matrixes.
4) Adjusting the initial arrangement position, and repeating the step 1) until the number of the photovoltaic square matrixes reaches the maximum, wherein the grid at the moment is used as an initial scheme for arranging the photovoltaic square matrixes.
5. Inverter meshing of deployable regions
This step is similar to step 4, except that the inverter takes priority in the position close to the road, takes priority in the position close to the center of the area, and takes the principle that the grid occupies the least grid of the photovoltaic square matrix, so the area edge and the area far away from the road are not considered.
1) Selecting inverter arrangeable region
Due to the arrangement principle of the inverters close to the center, the edge regions can be directly disregarded. And taking the shrinkage amount in the zone edge as the arrangeable zone of the inverter.
2) In the range of the arrangeable area determined in the step 1), referring to the photovoltaic square matrix grids, calculating a shadow range according to the size of the inverter and the slope corresponding to the photovoltaic square matrix grids, and dividing the inverter grids according to the principle of occupying the least photovoltaic square matrix grids.
6. Determining inverter and header box arrangement positions
According to the number of the photovoltaic square matrix grids selected in the step 4, namely the number of the photovoltaic square matrix, the number of the power generation units needing to be divided can be calculated, namely the number of the inverters needing to be arranged and the number of the junction boxes can be calculated.
1) And selecting an initial position of the inverter according to the inverter grid in the step 5, and marking the photovoltaic square matrix in the photovoltaic square matrix grid occupied by the inverter grid as a deleted state.
2) Since the combiner box is arranged below the photovoltaic square matrix, the initial position of the combiner box is selected according to the grid of the photovoltaic square matrix.
3) And photovoltaic square matrixes near the series junction boxes are connected to the junction boxes, and the junction boxes are connected to the inverter, so that the wiring length is obtained.
4) And (3) recovering the photovoltaic square matrix marked as the deleted state to be in a normal state, adjusting the positions of the combiner box and the inverter, and repeating the steps 1) -3) until the minimum wiring length is obtained.
The first three steps determine the inclination angle and the initial arrangeable area of the photovoltaic square matrix, and prepare for the arrangement of the photovoltaic square matrix, and on the basis, the last three steps perform comprehensive optimal arrangement of the photovoltaic square matrix.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for automatically arranging a photovoltaic square matrix in a complex terrain is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the solar radiation amount according to the current latitude, and calculating the optimal inclination angle;
(2) preliminarily dividing a given area;
(3) carrying out shielding calculation, calculating a shadow area, marking, and adjusting the area obtained in the step (2);
(4) carrying out photovoltaic square matrix grid division on the arrangeable area, and carrying out initial arrangement;
(5) carrying out inverter grid division on the arrangeable area;
(6) determining the arrangement positions of the inverter and the combiner box;
the method comprises the following steps of (1), (2) and (3), determining the inclination angle and the initial arrangeable area of the photovoltaic square matrix, preparing for the arrangement of the photovoltaic square matrix, and performing comprehensive optimal arrangement of the photovoltaic square matrix in the steps (4), (5) and (6);
in step (1), the calculation of the optimal tilt angle is divided into three steps:
step (1.1), selecting an initial step length of the dip angle, and calculating the total solar irradiation on the inclined plane within the range of (0 degrees and 90 degrees) according to the step length to obtain the dip angle with the maximum total solar irradiation under the current step length;
step (1.2), modifying the calculation range to one step length above and below the optimal inclination angle obtained in step (1.1), reducing the inclination angle step length, and repeating step (1.1);
step (1.3), repeating step (1.2) until obtaining the optimal inclination angle;
the step (2) is used for preliminarily dividing the given area into two steps:
step (2.1), calculating and counting the gradient of a given area, setting a sampling interval, and calculating the gradient according to the elevation in a sampling range; calculating the gradient of the central point by adopting a nine-point grid method according to the elevation of the central point and the elevations of the eight adjacent sampling points around the central point, and counting the gradient range of the given area;
step (2.2), performing preliminary division according to the statistical result, recording the average gradient of each region, setting a threshold value according to the statistical result in the step (2.1), and performing preliminary division on the regions to ensure that the gradient in each sub-region is close to the average gradient;
calculating the shielding calculation according to nine am to three pm points on the winter solstice day, calculating the maximum shadow area, wherein the shielding calculation needs to be carried out according to a three-dimensional space:
step (3.1), respectively carrying out shielding calculation on each obstacle in the area; for an obstacle, carrying out occlusion calculation on each vertex of the outline of the obstacle, and obtaining a union set of the obtained shadow areas;
step (3.2), carrying out occlusion calculation on the terrain, selecting a peak in the area for occlusion calculation, wherein the peak terrain is higher than the surrounding elevation to form a peak; calculating a maximum shadow area formed by the terrain;
step (3.3), combining the shadow areas obtained by calculation in the step (3.1) and the step (3.2), marking the shadow areas as being not arrangeable, and adjusting the arrangeable areas;
step (3.4), calculating shadow areas under all slopes according to the optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic square matrix, and recording for later arrangement and use;
step (3.5), carrying out shielding calculation on the inverter, and calculating shadow areas under all slopes;
step (4) photovoltaic square matrix grid division is carried out on the arrangeable area, initial arrangement is carried out, and the method comprises the following four steps:
selecting an initial arrangement grid, selecting an initial position in a region close to the edge, recording the central position of a photovoltaic square matrix according to the size and the inclination angle of the photovoltaic square matrix, and dividing a grid occupied by a photovoltaic square matrix body and a shadow region as the initial grid according to a shadow range corresponding to the gradient of the arrangement position;
step (4.2), selecting the next arrangement grid, translating the grid on the basis of the grid selected in the step (4.1) and on the basis of the grid close to the edge and the grid selected in the step (4.1), recording the central position of the photovoltaic square matrix according to the size and the inclination angle of the photovoltaic square matrix, and adjusting the size of the grid according to the shadow range corresponding to the gradient of the central position;
step (4.3), repeating the step (4.2), continuing to arrange grids until the arrangeable areas are completely arranged, and recording the number of the grids, which is the number of the photovoltaic square matrix;
and (4.4) adjusting the initial arrangement position, and repeating the step (4.1) until the number of the photovoltaic square matrixes reaches the maximum, wherein the grid at the moment is used as an initial scheme for arranging the photovoltaic square matrixes.
2. The method for automatically arranging the photovoltaic square matrix with the complex terrain according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (5) carrying out inverter grid division on the configurable area, wherein the inverter is prioritized by the position close to a road, and is prioritized by the position close to the center of the area, and the grid occupies the least grid of the photovoltaic matrix as a principle:
step (5.1), selecting an inverter layout area, and taking a certain amount of shrinkage in the edge of the area as the inverter layout area;
and (5.2) in the range of the layout area determined in the step (5.1), referring to the photovoltaic square matrix grids, calculating a shadow range according to the size of the inverter and the slope corresponding to the photovoltaic square matrix grids, and dividing the inverter grids according to the principle of occupying the least photovoltaic square matrix grids.
3. The method for automatically arranging the photovoltaic square matrix with the complex terrain according to claim 2, characterized in that: and (6) determining the arrangement positions of the inverter and the combiner boxes, and calculating the number of the power generation units and the number of the combiner boxes to be divided according to the number of the photovoltaic square matrix grids selected in the step (4):
step (6.1), selecting an initial position of the inverter according to the inverter grid in the step (5), and marking the photovoltaic square matrix in the photovoltaic square matrix grid occupied by the inverter grid into a deleted state;
step (6.2), because the combiner box is arranged below the photovoltaic square matrix, the initial position of the combiner box is selected according to the grid of the photovoltaic square matrix;
step (6.3), connecting the photovoltaic square matrix near the junction box in series to the junction box, and connecting the junction box to the inverter to obtain the wiring length;
and (6.4) recovering the photovoltaic square matrix marked as the deleted state to be in a normal state, adjusting the positions of the combiner box and the inverter, and repeating the steps (6.1) - (6.3) until the minimum wiring length is obtained.
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