CN107132011B - A kind of bridge rapid detection method based on influence line - Google Patents
A kind of bridge rapid detection method based on influence line Download PDFInfo
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- CN107132011B CN107132011B CN201710399585.2A CN201710399585A CN107132011B CN 107132011 B CN107132011 B CN 107132011B CN 201710399585 A CN201710399585 A CN 201710399585A CN 107132011 B CN107132011 B CN 107132011B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0008—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of bridges
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of bridge rapid detection methods, belong to applications in civil engineering technical field.The load test vehicle of known axes weight and wheelbase is used to carry out the response that load measures test point first；Then the influence line information of bridge is extracted by using the method for specific function (piecewise polynomial and sine wave are folded) fitting measuring point dynamic response；Tire road surface stress distribution empirical equation is introduced, tire road surface contact force trapezoidal profile model is established；It realizes and is quickly detected based on the bridge for influencing line using the lower bridge measuring point response message of linear superposition method reconstruct different vehicle Load Combination effect in conjunction with actual influence line information and vehicle tyre road surface contact force distributed model.The present invention is based on a small number of road performance tests several times of single car can rapidly and accurately obtain actual influence line information, and reconstruct bridge response message under different static load composite conditions, reach the quick detection to bridge, the method of the present invention solves existing for existing highway bridge detection method the defects of time-consuming, economic cost height and long period Traffic interruption.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of based on the bridge rapid detection method for influencing line；Belong to applications in civil engineering technical field.
Background technology
The response of bridge structure be with its every relevant function of basic physical parameters, once its bearing capacity is moved back
Change, every physical parameter also necessarily changes correspondingly, to make the structural response under identical load action also change.By right
Actual measurement response and the analysis of the calculated results are compared, and can accurately understand the actual operation state of bridge, and to its safety
Property and reliability are judged.
Common Evaluation Method of Bridge Bearing Capacity such as static test, will be with the comparable static load of design maximum payload values
(such as：Multiple vehicular loads) designated position on bridge is acted on, then to parameters such as the displacement of bridge structure, strain, fracture widths
It is tested, to make evaluation to working performance of the bridge structure under load action.In testing at the scene, static test needs
The capacity value wanted is big, and measurement condition is more, and time-consuming, may lead to long period Traffic interruption, and to the requirement of test environment
Also more stringent, it is higher to carry out cost.
In the research such as the (patent No. of this seminar early period：201510212858.9), it also attempts to propose a kind of bridge
Influence line dynamic testing method.But with the progress of later stage research work, it is found that this method extracts survey from bridge dynamic response
When point influences line information, the initial effects line of inverse is vibrated dry and disturbs test noise and is affected and is unfavorable for actual influence line
Accurate extraction.And it is non-uniform in car speed, there is certain deviation in the influence wire shaped extracted.So
When being used to detect bridge using it, there is also the problems in precision.It is carried based on this in order to realize high-precision, quickly detect bridge
The present invention is gone out.
Invention content
More for measurement condition existing for existing highway bridge detection method, time-consuming, may lead to long period Traffic interruption,
Requirement to test environment is more stringent, carries out the defects of cost is higher.Present invention firstly provides one kind being based on actual influence line
Bridge rapid detection method.The response message of bridge under different static load operating modes can rapidly and accurately be obtained.
The present invention is a kind of based on the bridge rapid detection method for influencing line, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Dynamic response is tested
It is sampled from bridge on bridge one end with frequency f using the load test vehicle of known axes weight and wheelbase, records vehicle
Pass through the dynamic response of each measuring point of speed and bridge of bridge overall process；The dynamic response includes dynamic strain, dynamic deflection；
Step 2：Influence the calculating and extraction of line
Based on measuring point dynamic response obtained by step 1, measuring point is fitted by the superposition of piecewise polynomial and sine wave
Dynamic response, from actual measurement dynamic response in extract bridge influence line information；
Step 3：The foundation of tire-road contact force distributed model
Introduce tire-road stress distribution empirical equation and trapezoidal profile model and to establish tire-road contact force point
Cloth model；
Step 4：The calculating that bridge responds under different static load operating modes
For different static load composite conditions, each tire-road contact force distributed model is acquired using step 3, is tied
Actual influence line and each tire-road contact force distribution situation obtained by step 2 are closed, linear superposition calculating acquires each measuring point and exists
Response message under different static load operating modes, to realize response reconstruct.Reaching use " influencing line test ", replacement " try by static load
Test " purpose.The response message includes strain information and amount of deflection information.
It is preferably, a kind of based on the bridge rapid detection method for influencing line, it is characterised in that：In step 1, move
When force-responsive is tested；It is carried out by following proposal：
It is sampled from bridge on bridge one end with frequency f using the load test vehicle of known axes weight and wheelbase, records vehicle
Pass through the dynamic response of each measuring point of speed and bridge of bridge overall process；
Definition：
The the i-th axis axis weight for loading vehicle is mi, the i-th axis is d at a distance from the 1st axisi, i values (1,2 ..., num), wherein
d1=0,
The num represents the total number of axle of vehicle.
The dynamic response includes dynamic strain, dynamic deflection；
The actual measurement that bridge in first axle goes out bridge to the last one axis is chosen in the dynamic response generated when passing through bridge from vehicle
Response is research object, is defined as R.Assuming that the sample frequency of data is f, always points are K to the data of this section response, then R
It can record as R={ r1,r2,...,rK}；Similarly, time T={ t is defined1,t2,...,tK, speed V={ v1,v2,...,vK,
And first axle and starting point distance X={ x1,x2,...,xK}；pi,qiAnd siIt is defined as bridge on the i-th axis of vehicle, goes out bridge and process
Corresponding sampled point when point position meets：(1)p1=1, xp1=0, xpi≤di,xpi+1>di(2)xqi≤Lb+di,xqi+1>Lb+
di(3)xsi≤a+di,xsi+1>a+di；A indicates point position to the distance at upper bridge end；
It carves at the beginning, x1=0, t1=0, and since sample frequency is certain, tj+1-tj=△ t=1/f, then for any
Moment k, first axle and starting point distance xkIt can be expressed as：
Preferably, a kind of based on the bridge rapid detection method for influencing line, real bridge influences carrying for line in step 2
When taking, carried out by following proposal：
To the early-stage study such as patent (patent No.：201510212858.9) when further going deep into, find this method from bridge
When extracting measuring point in dynamic response influences line information, the initial effects line of inverse it is vibrated dry and disturb test noise be affected and
It is unfavorable for the accurate extraction of actual influence line.And it is non-uniform in car speed, it is deposited in the influence wire shaped extracted
There is certain deviation.Present invention combination axle information simultaneously considers real-time vehicle speed, using piecewise polynomial and a series of sines
Curve combining directly to be fitted bridge response, avoids the inverse to initial effects line and directly obtains more accurate Bridge Influence
Line information.
Actual test generally comprises quasi-static part by vehicle by the bridge dynamic response of generation, wave portion and makes an uproar
Sound.Build mixed functionIt is describedSubject to static part be superimposed with dynamic part, it is describedFor intending
Close quasi-static part Rs, it is describedFor being fitted dynamic fluctuation part RD。
Then successively according to (1) piecewise polynomial be superimposed fitting quasi_static response, (2) harmonic superposition fitting dynamic response,
(3) line drawing is influenced to be operated；
(1) piecewise polynomial superposition fitting quasi_static response
The expression formula for defining deflection line at bridge x=a is following piecewise function：
L in formula (2)bFor bridge span, a3、a2、a1、a0、b3、b2、b1、b0To be the coefficient of the multinomial I；
The quasi_static response part R of actual measurement response RsMainly determine that fit equation is as follows by the weight of vehicle：
In formula (3),It is the vector of K × 1, it indicates the match value of bridge response static(al) part；[H1] it is a K
× 8 matrix, it is determined by axis weight, wheelbase, travel speed and the sample frequency of vehicle；{ λ }={ a3 a2 a1 a0 b3 b2
b1 b0}TLinear system number vector is influenced to wait asking；Wherein [H1] calculated by formula (4)；
In formula (4), i indicates the i-th axis of vehicle, miIndicate the axis weight of the i-th axis, [Mi] it is to be for influence line superposition
Matrix number；
Bridge to the last one axis goes out data in the bridge period and always counts in K expression first axles；pi,qiFor on the i-th axis of vehicle
Bridge goes out corresponding sampling period when bridge；
pi,qiAnd siBe bridge on the i-th axis of vehicle respectively, go out bridge and by corresponding sampled point period when measuring point, meet with
Lower condition：：p1=1, xp1=0, xpi≤di, xpi+1>di；xqi≤Lb+di, xqi+1>Lb+di；xsi≤a+di, xsi+1>a+di；Wherein,
A indicates measuring point at a distance from starting point, diIndicate the distance between the i-th axis of vehicle and the 1st axis, wherein d1=0.
Formula (4), (5), (6) and { λ } is substituted into formula (3), solution obtainsExpression formula.
(2) harmonic superposition is fitted dynamic response
When multiple-axle vehicle is passed a bridge, the wave portion of response is formed by stacking by a series of sine curves；Ignore car body mass
Influence to self excited vibrational frequency of bridge span, the amount of deflection at measuring point x=a can be expressed as：
Its fitting function can be write as
Wherein：
According to time point by [H2] it is separated into matrix form, see formula (10)：
Wherein：
In formula (11), Δn,iIt indicates by miThe STATIC RESPONSE of the caused n-th order vibration shape is constant；Sn=n π v/LbwnBe with
Car speed and the relevant constant of bridge modal parameter；Then it is apparent that the constant of h (t, n) and time correlation, by known bridge
Frequency wn, car speed v, axis weight miIt acquires；ψnIt is then related to n-th order modal parameter, as unknown constant, pass through the Fitting Calculation
It determines；
In formula (8)It is the vector of K × 1, it indicates the match value of bridge response power part；[H2] it is K × n ranks
Sparse matrix, it weighs m with axisi, wheelbase di, car speed v and sample frequency f it is related；{ Ψ } be n × 1 coefficient to be asked to
Amount；N is the total exponent number of mode；In conjunction with formula (3) and formula (8), the fit equation about actual measurement response R can be set up, it is such as public
Formula (12)：
(3) line drawing is influenced
DefinitionAnd RkThe error function of (k=1,2 ..., K) is as follows,
In conjunction with formula (12) and (13), can be obtained according to the principle of least square：
Coefficient vector λ must satisfy boundary condition, while also ensure that piecewise polynomial and its derivative are continuous；When bridge is
When simply supported beam, line is influenced for strain, the additional conditions of formula (14) are：
[H3] { λ }=0 (15)
By taking strain influences line as an example, [H3] value be：
Formula (14) and formula (15) are combined and solve coefficient vector { λ } and { Ψ }；It is described to obtain formula (3)
Influence line piecewise function.
Above-mentioned actual influence line is extracted from single car road performance test dynamic response and is obtained, and can repeatedly be tested and is averaged
Value.And the actual influence line of same point is not limited to one, can be a plurality of influence line for considering lateral direction of car active position.
Preferably, a kind of based on the bridge rapid detection method for influencing line, in step 3, tire-road is vertical
The foundation of contact model is carried out by following proposal：
The trapezoidal profile model that Deur and Velenis is proposed is introduced to describe vertical contact force edge driving between tire and ground
The concrete condition of the situation of change in direction, model is shown in paper【Deur J,Asgari J,Hrovat D.Dynamic tire
friction models for combined longitudinal and lateral vehicle motion.Vehicle
System Dynamics,2005,43(1):3-29】With【Velenis E,Tsiotras P.Extension of the
lugre dynamic tire friction model to 2d motion.In Proceedings of the 10th
IEEE Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation-MED.New York,2002,
(pp.9-12)】.In the model, tire and the contact area on ground are divided into three parts along direction of traffic, that is, are located at centre
It is uniformly distributed the transition region at area and both ends.As shown in figure 3, in middle area, vertical stress is maximum and is uniformly distributed, and is a stabilization
Constant qc；In transition region, vertical stress from contact area edge by 0 linear increase, until equal with middle area stress.Due to
Influence of the car speed to stress distribution, the transition region at both ends it are not related in static (quasi-static) the response building process of this chapter bridges
Symmetrical, entire model can be expressed as an isosceles trapezoid.
By above-mentioned model it is found that there are three the parameter of the vertical contact force distributed model of tire is main, i.e. the stress of middle area
qc, middle area Bearing pattern length LcAnd transition region Bearing pattern length Le；Wherein qcRepresent the vertical stress of contact surface middle area
Level, Lc、LeIt is then related in the distribution situation of direction of traffic with vertical pressure；Pass through the carry out value to the above parameter, you can build
Erect the vertical contact force distributed model of accurate tire-road.
To determine above-mentioned parameter, introduces the empirical equation that Ronald is proposed and obtain middle area mean stress qcAnd middle area is total
Ratio beta=Fc/Fe of pressure and transition region gross pressure is as follows：
qc=k1+k2×oi+k3×Fz (17)
β=j1+j2×oi+j3×Fz (18)
In formula, oiFor tire pressure, FzFor tire vertical pressure, k1, k2, k3And j1, j2, j3It is the structure type with tire
Relevant coefficient, is considered as known quantity.Specific value is shown in paper【Ronald B.Introducing improved loading
assumptions into analytical pavement models based on measured contact
stresses of tires.The International Conference on Accelerated Pavement
Testing.Reno,1999:CS5-3】。
Formula (17), which establishes tire middle area and is averaged, vertical stress and tyre inflating air pressure, structure type and is distributed in this
The relationship of gross pressure on tire；After acquiring ratio beta of the middle area gross pressure with transition region gross pressure, middle area and transition region
Pressure account for gross pressure ratio can determine it is as follows：
Assuming that the width of tire is B, middle area Bearing pattern length LcAs：
It can similarly obtain, unilateral transition region Bearing pattern length Le：
The then total length L of Bearing patternj=Lc+2LeFor：
Preferably, a kind of based on the bridge rapid detection method for influencing line, in step 4, bridge STATIC RESPONSE
Reconstruct is carried out by following proposal：
The reconstruct of step 4 Bridge STATIC RESPONSE；With LiIndicate the i-th axis Bearing pattern total length, fi(ξ) indicate i-th axis with
The contact force distribution function of bridge floor Bearing pattern.I indicates bridge actual influence line function (being calculated by formula 2), whenWhen, I (x)=0 is described based on the above parameter, and Vehicle Load is when on bridge at the x of position, bridge STATIC RESPONSE
Reconstruction calculations are as follows：
In above-mentioned formula, x is Vehicle Load position, and num is axle quantity, LiIndicate the i-th axis Bearing pattern total length；
Vehicle Load contact point before position x the 1st axis of vehicle indicates with bridge end-point distances, using bridge point on the 1st axis as rising
Beginning zero, then it is L that last axis of vehicle, which goes out bridge moment x values,b+dnum+L1/2+Lnum/2,dnumFor vehicle most rear axle and first axle
The distance between, LnumFor vehicle most rear axle Bearing pattern total length, i.e. x ∈ (0, Lb+dnum+L1/2+Lnum/ 2), in the case of other
Vehicle, bridge are without interaction；When vehicle active position is at x, i-th (i=1,2 ..., num) axis Bearing pattern is located at x ﹣ L1/ 2 ﹣
di﹣ Li/ 2~x ﹣ L1/ 2 ﹣ di﹢ Li/2。
Based on above-mentioned thinking, in conjunction with bridge actual influence line and contact force distributed model, in restructural bridge static loading test
Bridge STATIC RESPONSE under various more vehicle loading conditions.Actual load behavior is avoided, the workload of experiment is reduced, is had more
High Saving in time costs and economic benefit.
Preferably, the present invention is a kind of based on the bridge rapid detection method for influencing line, it is characterised in that：The reality
Border influence line is extracted from single car road performance test dynamic response to be obtained.It can certainly repeatedly test and be averaged.It is same
The actual influence line of point is not limited to one, can be a plurality of influence line for considering lateral direction of car active position.
The present invention is more than 91% through bicycle, single measurement, the reliability of the information such as strain, the degree of disturbing of gained bridge.
Through far beyond existing level.Meanwhile survey calculation precision of the invention can also be made on the basis of 91% and further carry
It rises.
Principle and advantage
When mobile vehicle is passed a bridge, the response of bridge is divided into the static(al) part caused by load and caused by vibrating
Wave portion.The analysis of bridge vibration characteristic, the present invention use when being passed a bridge by theoretical mechanism to Bridge Influence Line and vehicle
The response that cubic polynomial and a series of sine-wave superimposeds fitting vehicle are passed a bridge, reduces vibration information and is done to influencing line drawing
It disturbs, obtains more accurate bridge actual influence line information.By introducing tire-road stress distribution empirical equation, establish
Tire-road contact force trapezoidal profile model more accurately describes vehicular load and bridge with line load instead of point loading
Between interaction；On this basis, it in conjunction with actual influence line information and vehicle tyre-road surface contact force distributed model, uses
Linear superposition method reconstructs the lower bridge measuring point response message of different vehicle Load Combination effect, that is, realizes based on the bridge for influencing line
Quickly detection, and avoid actual load behavior.
The present invention influences line structure by being tested from single car road performance test, extracting bridge actual influence line with real bridge
Build the response message of bridge under the static test operating mode of various settings.It is tested with single unit vehicle and substitutes complicated more vehicles load row
For load vehicle use cost in bridge static loading test is greatly reduced.
The bridge rapid detection method of line is influenced the present invention is based on real bridge can solve to try existing for existing highway bridge detection method
Test the defects of time-consuming and long period Traffic interruption.
Meanwhile the bridge rapid detection method that line is influenced the present invention is based on real bridge is also equipped with and saves economic cost and avoid lotus
Carrying experiment heavy duty leads to the clear superiorities such as bridge damnification.
In addition, practical Bridge Influence Line can be used as its reference characteristic information preservation, for bearing capacity and status assessment from now on
Reference and basis for estimation are provided.The research of this respect has the wide scope of application and good application prospect.
Description of the drawings
It is attached that Fig. 1 shows vehicle gap bridge field test schematic diagrames；
Attached drawing 2 is test vehicle model in embodiment 1.
Attached drawing 3 is the vertical contact force distributed model of tire-road.
Attached drawing 4 is experiment load auto model in embodiment 1.
Attached drawing 5 is that baffle places schematic diagram in embodiment 1.
Attached drawing 6 is sensor scheme of installation in embodiment 1.
Attached drawing 7 is the speed time-history curves tested in embodiment 1.
Attached drawing 8 is the amount of deflection time-history curves of each measuring point in embodiment 1.
Attached drawing 9 is the deflection line for each measuring point that extraction is calculated in embodiment 1.
Attached drawing 10 is 1/2 across measuring point static deflection response and reconstruct response comparison diagram in embodiment 1.
Attached drawing 11 is 1/4 across measuring point static deflection response and reconstruct response comparison diagram in embodiment 1.
Attached drawing 12 is box beam cross sectional dimensions schematic diagram (unit in embodiment 2:cm).
Attached drawing 13 is 2 Bridge point layout schematic diagram of embodiment.
Attached drawing 14 is that difference loads 2# measuring point strain time history curves under tracks in embodiment 2.
Attached drawing 15 is that difference loads 2# measuring point amount of deflection time-history curves under tracks in embodiment 2.
Attached drawing 16 is that the strain of 2# measuring points influences line under different load tracks in embodiment 2.
Attached drawing 17 is that difference loads 2# measuring point deflection lines under tracks in embodiment 2.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1
Experimental study is carried out to bridge rapid detection method of the present invention in conjunction with 10a types steel I-beam.Bridge model is such as
Shown in Fig. 5, it is 0.2m × 0.24m × 0.6m that model lower part structure, which uses precast concrete pier shaft, pier shaft size,.Superstructure is total
It is divided into 3 across what the upper spanning of respectively 1.5m, the experiment of 5m bridgeed across 1.5m goes out spanning.By installing smooth stainless steel in beam bottom
Rod piece realizes the simulation to steel I-beam simple boundary condition.Two panels steel I-beam is mutual indepedent, and center line horizontal spacing is
0.30m, the lateral wheel with load vehicle is away from being consistent.
Auto model such as Fig. 4, vehicle body design are cuboid, and size is 0.34m × 0.56m × 0.20m, and gross combination weight is
40kg.Since two panels test beam is mutually independent, to ensure that the load loaded to two panels beam is consistent, model vehicle is designed as having
There are the three-wheel support modes of statically determinate structure characteristic.It is respectively set a wheel before and after side wherein, wheelbase 0.49m is another
A wheel is arranged in the only intermediate position in side.The horizontal spacing of both sides wheel is 0.30m, equal with beam body horizontal spacing.The model
Vehicle can provide constant axis heavy load, while can be carried out at the same time uniaxial loading and double to two panels steel I-beam during the test
Axis load test.
To avoid vehicle from deviateing beam body in the process of moving, it is mounted with two pulleys respectively in car body both sides, and by perpendicular
It founds the baffle in bridge model both sides and realizes constraint to it, as shown in Figure 5.
The strain testing of bridge uses strain transducer (sensitive grid is 3mm × 5mm foil gauge), is pasted onto under steel I-beam
Edge of a wing bottom axis position.Displacement measurement uses HBM WA50mm displacement sensors, as shown in Figure 6.Test equipment is HBM
MGCPlus dynamic test systems, strain testing precision are 0.1 μ ε, and displacement measurement precision is 0.01mm.
During the test, the magnetic field to avoid traction electric machine rotation from generating generates interference, model vehicle to strain testing
Test bridge is crossed by artificial traction, the rate curve of vehicle gap bridge overall process is recorded by velocity sensor.
Respectively bridge 1/2 across with 1/4 across arrangement strain and amount of deflection measuring point.Before test starts, vehicle is placed in upper spanning,
With two axis side test of vehicle across for research object, after sensing data is reset, by long rope and pulley trailed model vehicle by
Test spanning is gradually crossed, the travel speed of vehicle, the strain of such as Fig. 7 and measuring point and amount of deflection response, such as Fig. 8 are recorded.
By taking deflection line drawing as an example, according to information of vehicles, travel speed and the experiment that is measured by pulsation test across
Frequency establishes response fit equation, extracts the influence line information of bridge, as shown in Figure 9.
On the basis of stepping into row accurately influence line drawing to above-mentioned bridge model test, difference is located to model vehicle
When loading position, the STATIC RESPONSE of bridge is reconstructed.When acting on bridge model different location to above-mentioned model vehicle simultaneously
The STATIC RESPONSE value of beam is surveyed, and loads starting point as vehicle across endpoint using experiment, vehicular load loading position is by every
0.2m is incremented by, until model vehicle rear axle moves out of experiment bridge.Record vehicle acts on each measuring point static(al) when above-mentioned different location
Response, 1/2 is as shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 respectively across responding comparison with reconstruct with 1/4 across measuring point results of dead load.From Figure 10-
It can be seen that the response curve tested with static loading based on the quasi_static response that actual influence line reconstructs can preferably be kissed in 11
It closes.That is, the STATIC RESPONSE that the present invention reconstructs is essentially coincided with static test response, show that the present invention is based on influence line
STATIC RESPONSE reconstructing method has feasibility.Based on this, the bridge response under can also acting on more vehicles calculates,
It realizes the simulation to conventional static load operating condition of test, reduces operating condition of test, shorten test period, greatly improve working efficiency and economy
Benefit.
Embodiment 2
With certain six across prestressed concrete continuous box girder bridge second across for experimental study object, span of bridge is 30m, bridge
Face clear span 20.85m, using three chamber cross-section of single case, full-bridge is contour, deck-molding 1.8m, and sectional view is as shown in figure 12.
It influences line test to measure using bicycle preventing test, the main purpose of preventing test is to obtain structure in movement
Corresponding data under Vehicle Load, to extract the quasi-static influence line of bridge, be bridge structure characteristic differentiation and
Bearing capacity evaluation provides foundation.Unsuitable excessively high, the preferred value 5km/h of the car speed of preventing test.
Static test is loaded using 6 vehicles, load vehicle technology parameter such as table 1 used.
Table 1 loads vehicle technology parameter
Static test point three operating modes, press respectively experiment across 1/4 section, 1/2 section and 3/4 section maximum sagging moment into
Row hierarchical loading.Hierarchical loading one side load is stepped up the safety that can ensure structure, on the other hand can investigate at different levels
Whether test data meets linear relationship.Specific load condition is as shown in table 2.
2 static test operating mode of table
It is respectively provided with 3 displacement sensors and 3 foil gauges, specific cloth in test spanning span centre difference lateral position
It is as shown in figure 13 to set situation.
Using three axis load test vehicles of known axes weight, three lanes on bridge floor respectively when experiment, pass through dynamic
Data collecting system acquires the response of bridge measuring point in real time, after the part response filtered processing of time-history curves measured such as
Figure 14-15.
According to vehicle parameter, actual measurement is responded and carries out Inversion Calculation, obtains strain and the deflection line of track 2# measuring points
Shown in Figure 16-17.
Since axis weight, tyre width and the intrauterine pressure of vehicular load are it is known that can be according to the vertical contact force of tire-road
The length of the line load model of axis is divided into 44cm, 53cm, 53cm before, during and after distributed model acquires.By line load according to influence line
Loaded, can in the hope of vehicle in different loading positions the strain of measuring point and amount of deflection and with static test test data carry out
It compares, specific result of calculation and static test data are shown in Table 3.
3 actual influence line computation result of table is compared with results of dead load
The above test result is compared it can be found that the various vehicular load groups being superimposed according to actual influence line
Each measuring point strain and deflection value show preferable consistency with static test measured data under conjunction, and worst error is no more than
10%, it was confirmed that the method proposed by the present invention for reconstructing STATIC RESPONSE based on actual influence line has reasonability and feasibility.With
This simultaneously, based on real bridge influence line bridge rapid detection method largely reduce interference and influence on traffic, also
Has the clear superiority saved economic cost and avoid secondary damage of loading test etc..In addition, practical Bridge Influence Line
Its reference characteristic information preservation is can be used as, reference and basis for estimation are provided with status assessment for bearing capacity from now on.This respect
Research has the wide scope of application and good application prospect.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of based on the bridge rapid detection method for influencing line, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1：Dynamic response is tested
It is sampled from bridge on bridge one end with frequency f using the load test vehicle of known axes weight and wheelbase, record load examination
The dynamic response validated the car through each measuring point of speed and bridge of bridge overall process；The dynamic response includes dynamic strain, dynamic deflection；
Definition：
I-th axis axis weight of load test vehicle is mi, the i-th axis is d at a distance from the 1st axisi, i values are 1,2 ... until num,
Wherein d1=0,
The num represents the total number of axle of vehicle；
The reality that bridge in first axle goes out bridge to the last one axis is chosen in the dynamic response generated when passing through bridge from load test vehicle
It is research object to survey response, is defined as R；The sample frequency of data is f, and always points are K to the data of this section response, then R can
It is recorded as R={ r1,r2,...,rK}；Similarly, time T={ t is defined1,t2,...,tK, speed V={ v1,v2,...,vK, with
And first axle and starting point distance X={ x1,x2,...,xK}；pi,qiAnd siIt is defined as bridge on the i-th axis of vehicle, goes out bridge and by surveying
The period of corresponding sampled point, meets when point position：(1)p1=1, xp1=0, xpi≤di,xpi+1>di、(2)xqi≤Lb+di,
xqi+1>Lb+di、(3)xsi≤a+di,xsi+1>a+di；A indicates point position to the distance at upper bridge end；
It carves at the beginning, x1=0, t1=0, and since sample frequency is certain, tj+1-tj=△ t=1/f, then for any moment
K, first axle and starting point distance xkIt can be expressed as：
Step 2：Influence the calculating and extraction of line
Based on measuring point dynamic response obtained by step 1, the dynamic of measuring point is fitted by the superposition of piecewise polynomial and sine wave
Force-responsive extracts the influence line information of bridge from actual measurement dynamic response；
From actual measurement dynamic response when the influence line information of extraction bridge, first choice structure mixed functionIt is describedSubject to static part be superimposed with dynamic part, it is describedFor being fitted quasi-static part Rs, it is describedIt is dynamic for being fitted
State wave portion RD；
Then fitting quasi_static response, (2) harmonic superposition fitting dynamic response, (3) shadow are superimposed according to (1) piecewise polynomial successively
Line drawing is rung to be operated；
(1) piecewise polynomial superposition fitting quasi_static response
The expression formula for defining deflection line at bridge x=a is following piecewise function：
L in formula (2)bFor bridge span, a3、a2、a1、a0、b3、b2、b1、b0To be the coefficient of the multinomial I；
The quasi-static part R of actual measurement response RsIt is mainly determined by the weight of vehicle, fit equation is：
In formula (3),It is the vector of K × 1, indicates the match value of bridge response static(al) part；[H1] it is K × 8
Matrix, it is determined by axis weight, wheelbase, travel speed and the sample frequency of load test vehicle；{ λ }={ a3,a2,a1,a0,b3,
b2,b1,b0}TLinear system number vector is influenced to wait asking；Wherein [H1] calculated by formula (4)；
In formula (4), i indicates the i-th axis of load test vehicle, miIndicate the axis weight of the i-th axis, [Mi] it is to be superimposed for influencing line
Coefficient matrix；
Bridge to the last one axis goes out data in the bridge period and always counts in K expression first axles；
[W in formula (4)i] it is for setting up the coefficient matrix for influencing line；
Formula (4), (5), (6) and { λ } is substituted into formula (3), is obtainedExpression formula；
(2) harmonic superposition is fitted dynamic response
When Multi-axial Loading instruction carriage is passed a bridge, the wave portion of response is formed by stacking by a series of sine curves；Ignore car body matter
The influence to self excited vibrational frequency of bridge span is measured, the amount of deflection at measuring point x=a can be expressed as：
Its fitting function can be write as
Wherein：
According to time point by [H2] it is separated into matrix form, see formula (10)：
Wherein：
In formula (11), Δn,iIt indicates by miThe STATIC RESPONSE of the caused n-th order vibration shape is constant；Sn=n π v/LbwnIt is and load
Test vehicle speed and the relevant constant of bridge modal parameter；Then it is apparent that the constant of h (t, n) and time correlation, by known bridge
Beam frequency wn, car speed v, axis weight miIt acquires；ψnIt is then related to n-th order modal parameter, as unknown constant, counted by being fitted
It calculates and determines；
In formula (8)It is the vector of K × 1, it indicates the match value of bridge response power part；[H2] it is the sparse of K × N ranks
Matrix, it weighs m with axisi, wheelbase di, car speed v and sample frequency f it is related；{ Ψ } is the coefficient vector to be asked of N × 1；N is
Rank number of mode；In conjunction with formula (3) and formula (8), the fit equation about actual measurement response R can be set up, such as formula (12)：
(3) line drawing is influenced
DefinitionAnd RkThe error function of (k=1,2 ..., K) is as follows,
In conjunction with formula (12) and (13), can be obtained according to the principle of least square：
Coefficient vector λ must satisfy boundary condition, while also ensure that piecewise polynomial and its derivative are continuous；When bridge is freely-supported
Liang Shi influences line for strain, and the additional conditions of formula (14) are：
[H3] { λ }=0 (15)
[H in line is influenced with strain3] value be：
Formula (14) and formula (15) are combined and solve coefficient vector { λ } and { Ψ }；To obtain formula (2) described influence
Line piecewise function；
Step 3：The foundation of tire-road contact force distributed model
Tire-road stress distribution empirical equation and trapezoidal profile model are introduced to establish tire-road contact force distributed model；
Step 4：Bridge response reconstruct under different static load operating modes
For different static load composite conditions, each tire-road contact force distributed model is acquired using step 3, in conjunction with step
Rapid two gained actual influence line and each tire-road contact force distribution situation, linear superposition calculating acquire each measuring point in difference
Response message under static load operating mode, to realize response reconstruct；The response message includes strain information and amount of deflection information.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the bridge rapid detection method for influencing line, it is characterised in that：The reality
Influence line is extracted from single load test vehicle road performance test dynamic response to be obtained.
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