CN107125129A - A kind of mixed method received and separate hybrid seed of the lopsided glume restorer production of hybrid seeds of utilization rice recessive - Google Patents
A kind of mixed method received and separate hybrid seed of the lopsided glume restorer production of hybrid seeds of utilization rice recessive Download PDFInfo
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- CN107125129A CN107125129A CN201710389672.XA CN201710389672A CN107125129A CN 107125129 A CN107125129 A CN 107125129A CN 201710389672 A CN201710389672 A CN 201710389672A CN 107125129 A CN107125129 A CN 107125129A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to crop breeding and production of hybrid seeds field, a kind of mixed method and its application received and separate hybrid seed of the lopsided glume restorer production of hybrid seeds of utilization rice recessive are specifically disclosed.Pass through hybridization, backcrossing or the genetic improvement method such as mutagenesis, genome editor, seed selection has the lopsided glume restorer of Recessive genes or oligogene control, mixed seeding or mixed insertion (throwing) are carried out using restorer and sterile line, manually, unmanned plane or natural wind catch up with powder, by the hybrid seed after maturation and the mixed restorer seed received, deformity glume is removed in seed cleaning process of restorer seed.The present invention can be removed restorer seed in seed process using the restorer with recessive malformation glume character, be not required to add professional machines equipment, be conducive to simplifying technology, cost-effective.The method that the present invention is provided is conducive to improving the Mechanization Level of breeding of hybrid rice, reduction breeding cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop breeding and production of hybrid seeds field, specifically, it is related to one kind using the lopsided glume of rice recessive
The mixed method received and separate hybrid seed of the restorer production of hybrid seeds.
Background technology
Paddy rice is one of most important cereal crops in the world, and the global population of more than half is using rice as staple food, paddy
Relationship with Yield to the world grain security.Since successfully realizing three series mating from hybrid rice in 1973, hybrid rice it is big
Area popularization and application are that China or even world food have made safely significant contribution (in Yuan Longping (2002) hybrid rice
State agricultural publishing house foreword).But hybrid rice can only utilize the biparent cross first generation (F1), it is necessary to the production of hybrid seeds just can guarantee that every year
Production of Large Fields kind.Conventional hybridization paddy rice production of hybrid seeds link is more, process is numerous and diverse, labor intensity is big, belongs to labor-intensive production.With
The development of society, Chinese countryside labour increasingly lacks, and price rises steadily, the breeding cost of hybrid rice is also on
Rise.The view relatively generally acknowledged in the industry is that it is following hybrid rice further to improve Mechanization Level, improve efficiency, reduce cost
The trend of production of hybrid seeds development.
At present, mainly there are 3 kinds of methods that can improve breeding of hybrid rice Mechanization Level：One is restorer, sterile line point
Plantation is opened, is pollinated using mechanical collection restorer pollen for sterile line, can individually harvest hybrid seed.Such a method production of hybrid seeds is most certainly
By, but the time that paddy pollen maintains vigour is very short, and technical difficulty greatly, is difficult in short-term；Two be restorer, infertility
It is big railway carriage or compartment plantation, harvester can separate harvest hybrid seed and restorer.Such a method is relatively simple, but restorer proportion
It is excessive, the ratio of sterile line is reduced, and the distant pollination difficulty of restorer, sterile line is larger, hybrid seed yield is relatively low；Three are
Restorer, sterile line miscegenation, receive hybrid seed and restorer seed using machinery is mixed, are then again divided hybrid seed by machinery
Separate out and.Using the significant difference of restorer, sterile line in some characters, hybrid seed and restorer seed can be realized point
From.Such a method is complex, but sterile line ratio is high, and restorer, sterile line distance is near and is evenly distributed, and is conducive to improving and makes
Kind of yield, be it is current improve hybrid rice mechanization production of hybrid seeds level preferable approach (Wang Jie, Deng Huafeng, Zhang Wuhan, Sun Pingyong,
The present Research and development tactics Agriculture of Anhui science, 41 (13) of what strong (2013) Mechanicalized seeding method of hybrid rice:
5682-5683.)。
In recent years, more plentiful and substantial achievement in research is achieved in terms of realizing that hybrid seed and restorer seed are separable.
Such as, the difference that Domestic Scientific Research personnel are proposed based on parents in the characters such as Herbicid resistant, glume color realizes cenospecies
The technical tactic that son is separated with restorer seed.But up to the present, it is widely applied that there is not been reported in production.This
The reason for mainly due to following 2 aspects：One is the supporting requirement height of these technologies, is difficult to reach in the short time.Such as, plant
Sub- color selector needs larger input, and relation technological researching needs the regular hour；Two be that technology has certain defect in itself.
Such as, the restorer after pollination has Grain Ripening in certain resistance, and same strain paddy rice to have successively to herbicide, plant quilt
There may be a small amount of seed to germinate during kill, so as to influence hybrid seed purity.Therefore, in the urgent need to one kind can with it is existing
Seed processing is combined, need not increase new machinery with regard to that can complete the mechanization production of hybrid seeds of hybrid seed and the separation of restorer seed
Technology.
The content of the invention
It can divide there is provided a kind of mixed hybrid seed of receiving of production of hybrid seeds present invention aim to address the weak point that prior art is present
From rice restorer selection and its application.
Technical scheme is as follows：
Present invention firstly provides one kind is using the mixed receipts of the lopsided glume restorer production of hybrid seeds of rice recessive and separates hybrid seed
Method, comprise the following steps：
(1) Comprehensive Traits are selected excellent and with the restorer of lopsided glume character；
The lopsided glume character is controlled by Recessive genes or oligogene；
(2) restorer obtained using step (1) seed selection is male parent, to produce the sterile line of upper large-area applications or new seed selection
For female parent, extensive test cross is carried out, the parental combination by provincial or national authorization is selected；
(3) male parent is made with the restorer, the corresponding sterile line obtained with step (2) makees maternal, the two seed is carried out
Mixed seeding/mixed insertion/mixed throwing, mixes and receives with restorer seed after hybrid seed is ripe, the removal deformity grain husk in seed cleaning process
The restorer seed of shell.
Further, step (1) described restorer is formulates out by genetic improvement method, and Comprehensive Traits are excellent, can be straight
It is connected on the lopsided glume restorer applied in production.
Wherein, the genetic improvement method include but is not limited to hybridize, be returned, mutagenesis or genome editor.
Preferably, when in step (1) using hybridizing or being returned means seed selection restorer, with Recessive genes or few base
Because the lopsided glume material that controls is donor, Comprehensive Traits are gone out by hybridization or backcross breeding excellent and with lopsided glume character
Restorer.
Preferably, in step (3), mixed seeding/mixed insertion/mixed seed farm spike number ratio thrown is Elite restorer line:Sterile line
=1:4~1:30.
Further, in step (3), after after Rice Heading flowering, using manpower, unmanned plane or natural wind by restorer
Give sterile line pollination.
It is of the invention further to provide application of the methods described in terms of paddy rice cross breeding seed is prepared.
The present invention relates to operation be this area routine operation unless otherwise specified.
On the basis of common sense in the field is met, above-mentioned each optimum condition can be mutually combined, obtain specific embodiment party
Formula.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) restorer that the present invention is used has the lopsided glume character controlled by recessive gene, will not be to hybrid seed
And the glume character of commodity food produces influence.Meanwhile, restorer seed is able to ingenious in the normal selected process of seed
Remove, it is not necessary to increase new equipment, it is cost-saved；
(2) the lopsided glume character that the present invention is used is controlled by single-gene or oligogene, is advantageously reduced breeding difficulty, is carried
High breeding efficiency；
(3) present invention can be conducive to simplifying hybrid seed and restorer seed with existing seeding technique system seamless connection
The mixed seeding technique system received.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is recessive malformation glume mutant (bls1) fringe and seed figure.
Fig. 2 is recessive malformation glume mutant (bls1) loose powder figure.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.It will be appreciated that following real
Providing merely to play the purpose of explanation for example is applied, is not used to limit the scope of the present invention.The skill of this area
Art personnel can carry out various modifications and replacement in the case of without departing substantially from spirit of the invention and spirit to the present invention.
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
Material, reagent used etc., unless otherwise specified, are commercially obtained in following embodiments.
The seed selection and its application during the mixed receipts formula paddy rice production of hybrid seeds of preferred lopsided glume rice restorer of the invention, should
The specific method of application is：First by hybridization, backcrossing or the genetic improvement method such as mutagenesis, genome editor, synthesis is selected
Character is excellent, with the lopsided glume restorer controlled by recessive gene, utilizes this restorer and the extensive test cross of sterile line, seed selection
Go out the combination by provincial or national authorization.During the production of hybrid seeds, restorer, male-sterile seed mixed seeding or the mixed insertion that seed selection is combined
(throwing), is pollinated using manpower, unmanned plane or natural wind, is mixed and is received with restorer seed after hybrid seed is ripe, in seed cleaning
The restorer seed with lopsided glume is removed in process, so as to complete production of hybrid seeds process.
Mixed after above-mentioned application and receive obtained hybrid seed purity typically more than 98%, up to two grades of kinds as defined in China
The basic demand of son more than 96%.
The seed selection of the restorer of embodiment 1
By hybridization, backcrossing or the genetic improvement method such as mutagenesis, genome editor, select that Comprehensive Traits are excellent, have
The lopsided glume Elite restorer line controlled by recessive gene.Lopsided glume resource is relatively enriched in paddy rice, and the present invention is preferably single
The recessive character of gene control, advantageously reduces breeding difficulty.Such as the clever mutant (Xiaoding of currently preferred bls1 triangles
The .BEAK LIKE SPIKELET1is Required for Lateral Development of Lemma such as Ma and
Palea in Rice.Plant Molecular Biology Reporter,2013,31(1):98-108), bls1 mutant
The characteristics of be that glume highly ftractures, mass of 1000 kernel is greatly reduced (mass of 1000 kernel is down to half of wild type or so, about 12g), but pollen
Preferably, the pollination ability to sterile line is stronger for quantity, vigor and loose powder habit.
Make parent with the rice pest insects with recessive malformation glume character, (account for such as China with other Elite restorer lines, raise rice 6
Number etc.), conventional Rice (Ru Huanghua is accounted for, five mountains silk seedling etc.) or breeding intermediate materials hybridized, be returned, utilize conventional breeding methods
Comprehensive Traits can be selected from hybridization, in backcross progeny excellent but with the restorer of lopsided glume.
Or utilize method of mutagenesis, such as physical mutagenesis, mutagenesis or the upper big face of physics and chemistry behavior Combined Processing production
The Elite restorer line (such as China accounts for, Yang No.6 rice) of product application, screening is excellent with recessive malformation glume character from big colony
Restorer.The shortcoming of this method is that mutation direction and frequency are uncontrollable, can only be dashed forward by colony is expanded to have increased access to target
The possibility of variant；Advantage is once acquisition targeted mutagenesis body, quickly can be applicable in production.
The method that genome editor can also be used, from Elite restorer line (such as China accounts for, Yang No.6 rice), conventional Rice (as yellow
China accounts for, five mountains silk seedling etc.) or breeding intermediate materials, currently preferred triangle grain husk gene BLS1 (LOC_Os02g56610) is entered
Row is knocked out.Then screen by selfing or remove transgene component with wild type crosses, selfing screening, turn so as to be bred as not carrying
Gene element, while having the Elite restorer line of lopsided glume character.The technology maturation efficiently, is largely engaged in biotechnology and ground
The laboratory studied carefully can be smoothly completed.Moreover, having had the commerce services of biotech company's offer in this respect, such as Wuhan at present
Bai Yuan bio tech ltd etc..
In a word, the restorer of seed selection of the present invention is in addition to the lopsided glume character controlled with recessive gene, and miscellaneous at present
The Breeding for restoration lines method of main flow on rice breeding is handed over to have no other differences.Therefore, it is real for those skilled in the art
Apply workable during the present invention, and practicable technology path can be selected according to actual conditions.
Embodiment 2 combines Breeding Process
Carry out extensive test cross, product ratio first with the restorer of the seed selection of embodiment 1, filter out than control (planted in different ecological areas,
The control of different maturation period is different, typically using local same type main breed as control) there is improvement in yield, meter Zhi, resistance, reach
The Combination nova of (each province and ecotope there are relevant regulations, and constantly correct) is required to authorization.Then, by corresponding program
Afterwards, into provincial or national regional testing.After testing within 2~3 years and reach respective standard, by provincial or national examine
It is fixed.
It should be noted that variety certification system in itself it is continuous update, it is perfect., national variety of crops in 2014
Validation board issues《National Rice And Maize variety certification green channel test guide》, meet the seed enterprise of related qualification
Industry can voluntarily carry out own regional experiment of variety, pilot production, further expand the channel of variety certification, be more beneficial for full
The sufficient market demand.For those skilled in the art, this is it is known that and must comply with, not exception of the invention
And special character.
In a word, combination seed selection of the invention and the combination selection and program and indifference of current main flow.Due to paddy rice
It is one of Chinese staple crops, national regulation could must be applied by authorization in production.Therefore, this step be also must not
Can be less, but for those skilled in the art, implement this step and have no new technical barrier, therefore the present embodiment to this not
Describe in detail again.
The production of hybrid seeds process of embodiment 3
Using restorer as male parent, sterile line is used as female parent.
First, restorer, sterile line mixed seeding mix receipts type
As restorer, sterile line sowing gap stage ＜ 3 days, it the measure such as can control to reach that parents spend by moisture regulation, vernalization
Phase ideal is met.Moisture regulation has differences progress to the sensitiveness of water shortage primarily directed to restorer, sterile line.If restorer
Earlier than sterile line, water dry field, control restorer development can be controlled in 1 phase to 3 phases；If sterile line is earlier than restorer, this 1 phase extremely
3 phases poured water, and promoted restorer to grow.General adjustable postponement or ahead of time 2~3d.Breeding time short parent is taken in vernalization control
The measures such as this not vernalization, parent's vernalization of breeding time length, can finely tune parents in difference present on duration from seeding to heading.If recovered
System, sterile line heading flowering perfection are met, it is not necessary to carried out flowering regulation, be optimal.Restorer and sterile line are in seedling
Or when live can uniformly mixed seeding, on the one hand can dart transfer, on the other hand can make distribution of the restorer in sterile line colony
It is more uniform, be conducive to pollination to improve setting percentage.In terms of cultivation, close to common rice cultivation.If passing through seedling raising method, profit
Cost can be reduced with machine rice transplantation technology；Direct-seeding is such as used, the preventing and treating of seedling stage crop smothering is noted, it is anti-down that diligent dry field pricks deep root
Volt.Note using cooperatively for azophoska, should not excessive applied nitrogen.Given birth to according to restorer, sterile line feature and locality
State condition, targetedly prevents and treats disease pest and weed.After restorer, sterile line heading flowering, divide 1~3 time and spray " 920 ".Daily 10:
00-13:00 catches up with powder 2~4 times, catches up with powder every time it is observed that more obvious " dust cloud ".This type is ideal, dart transfer,
Catch up with powder-machinery is mixed to receive clastotype in particular by live-natural wind, cost is planted close to common rice.
2nd, restorer, sterile line mixed insertion (throwing) mix receipts type
As 10 days ＞ restorers, sterile line sowing gap stage ＞ 3 days, it is necessary to can be only achieved parents' florescence by intermission seeding and manage
Want to meet, but can be with mixed insertion or mixed throwing.The wrong phase seedling of restorer, sterile line, transplanting or rice transplanting when selecting suitable.It is artificial to insert
Seedling, is easier to realize mixed insertion；Machine rice transplantation is, it is necessary to carry out certain improvement, the seedling for making mechanical energy plant 20~30 days to machinery
Seedling.On the other hand, proper ratio (restorer is placed in rice transplanting as needed:Sterile line is 1:1~restorer rice shoot 24),
Making it, ratio is suitable in production of hybrid seeds colony, be evenly distributed.Mixed insertion (throwing) can make restorer being evenly distributed in sterile line colony,
Pollination is conducive to improve setting percentage.In terms of cultivation, using cooperatively for azophoska is noted, should not excessive applied nitrogen.According to extensive
Multiple system, sterile line feature and local ecological condition, targetedly prevent and treat disease pest and weed.Restorer, sterile line heading flowering
Afterwards, divide 1~3 time and spray " 920 ".Daily 10:00-13:00 catches up with powder 2~4 times, catches up with powder every time it is observed that more obvious " powder
Mist ".
3rd, restorer, sterile line point insert mixed receipts type
As restorer, sterile line sowing gap stage ＞ 10 days, it is necessary to by intermission seeding, separately plant and can be only achieved parents and spend
Phase ideal is met.Restorer, sterile line are separately planted, close to conventional hybridization paddy rice seeding technique.But can be real in view of this technology
Contracture is now mixed from restorer can be uniformly distributed in seed farm.In rule seeding technique as usual, restorer in sterile line railway carriage or compartment face two
Side；Using the production of hybrid seeds of the present invention, restorer can be transplanted to maternal railway carriage or compartment face and be uniformly distributed.In terms of cultivation, azophoska is noted
Use cooperatively, should not excessive applied nitrogen.According to restorer, sterile line feature and local ecological condition, targetedly
Prevent and treat disease pest and weed.After restorer, sterile line heading flowering, divide 1~3 time and spray " 920 ", daily 10:00-13:00 catch up with powder 2~
4 times, powder is caught up with every time it is observed that more obvious " dust cloud ".
Because the restorer seed glume of the present invention is lopsided, split grain husk, seed development is bad, and germination percentage, planting percent are too late
Common seed.This aspect is conducive to preventing miscellaneous, even if having a small amount of restorer impurity of seeds in hybrid seed, germinating to seedling rate
It is low；But then, restorer seedling number is easily caused in the production of hybrid seeds inadequate.Therefore, restorer seed is harvested using new as far as possible,
2~3 times of consumption is increased simultaneously.In order to prevent rotten kind, soaked seed during sowing using systemic fungicides such as carbendazim.Few leaching reveals,
Field not waterflooding when live, keeps good air permeability, improves restorer germination percentage, planting percent.Mass of 1000 kernel, hair due to sterile line
Bud rate has differences between various combination, different year, therefore, is studied with seed farm restorer, the spike number ratio of sterile line
It is appropriate.Research shows that general mixed seeding/mixed insertion/mixed seed farm spike number ratio thrown is Elite restorer line:Sterile line=1:4
~1:30.Those skilled in the art can be according to restorer, the mass of 1000 kernel of sterile line, germination percentage and small area result of the test from most
Good ratio.
The separation of the hybrid seed of embodiment 3
It can be harvested after hybrid seed maturation is tied on seed farm sterile line.Seed cleaning equipment is utilized after seed harvest
Also a small amount of remnants after removal glume cracking, the restorer seed of deformity, such as primary screening, can pass through increases sorting number of times raising
Hybrid seed purity.
The main shape and the principle of proportion according to its seed of rice paddy seed picking equipment, is divided into pneumatic jig choosing and than gravity treatment two
Pneumatic jig optional equipment is first passed through in kind picking equipment, general process and goes the removal of impurity and empty flat grain, then by being gone than gravitational separation equipment
Except the inconsistent impurity of proportion.Pneumatic jig optional equipment typically sets three layer screen piece, and because of restorer seed glume cracking, Grain Development is not
Normally, shape is small compared with normal seed, so normal seed can surface vibration be selected gets off in sieve when by sieve, deformity
Restorer seed is just missed by sieve, is then screened as impurity.If can not clean completely totally, then by than gravity treatment
Equipment.The proportion principle according to seed main than gravitational separation equipment, is selected the inconsistent impurity of proportion by vibrating.Because of restorer
Seed glume ftractures, and Grain Development is abnormal, and proportion is significantly less than normal seed, can be with complete than gravitational separation equipment so passing through again
It is complete to select the lopsided restorer seed in this part.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments,
On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause
This, these modifications or improvements, belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of mixed method received and separate hybrid seed of the lopsided glume restorer production of hybrid seeds of utilization rice recessive, it is characterised in that
Comprise the following steps：
(1) Comprehensive Traits are selected excellent and with the restorer of lopsided glume character；
The lopsided glume character is controlled by Recessive genes or oligogene；
(2) using the restorer as male parent, using sterile line as female parent, extensive test cross is carried out, is selected by provincial or national careful
Fixed parental combination；
(3) male parent is made with the restorer, the corresponding sterile line obtained with step (2) makees maternal, will the two seed carry out mixed seeding/
Mixed insertion/mixed throwing, mixes and receives with restorer seed after hybrid seed is ripe, and the lopsided glume of removal is extensive in seed cleaning process
It is seed again.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) described restorer is to pass through genetic improvement method
Formulate out, Comprehensive Traits are excellent, the lopsided glume restorer that directly can be applied in production.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the genetic improvement method includes but is not limited to hybridize, returned
Friendship, mutagenesis or genome editor.
4. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that in step (1), is controlled with Recessive genes or oligogene
Lopsided glume material is donor, and it is excellent and with the recovery of lopsided glume character to go out Comprehensive Traits by hybridization or backcross breeding
System.
5. the method according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that in step (3), mixed seeding/mixed insertion/mixed throwing
Seed farm spike number ratio is restorer:Sterile line=1:4~1:30.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that in step (3), after after Rice Heading flowering, using manpower,
Unmanned plane or natural wind are pollinated by restorer to sterile line.
7. application of the method in terms of paddy rice cross breeding seed is prepared described in any one of claim 1~6.
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| CN201710389672.XA CN107125129A (en) | 2017-05-27 | 2017-05-27 | A kind of mixed method received and separate hybrid seed of the lopsided glume restorer production of hybrid seeds of utilization rice recessive |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN107593430A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-19 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | A kind of hybrid rice variety seed selection of suitable miscegenation production of hybrid seeds and seed production methods |
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Application publication date: 20170905 |