CN107119257B - 一种纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物刀具涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物刀具涂层及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于金属表面涂层技术领域,公开了一种在WC/CO硬质合金基体上沉积纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂层及其制备方法。本发明所述的锆铝铬氮化物涂层分为两层,一层为Cr/CrN打底层,厚度为100~400纳米;一层为纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂层,厚度为2.8~3.4微米;涂层总厚度为2.9~3.8微米。本发明所述的涂层采用多弧离子镀技术沉积。涂层中含有锆、铝、铬和氮四种元素,涂层显微硬度达到34.6GPa,耐高温氧化温度可达1260℃,划痕法测得涂层与基体见的结合力可达120N。通过本发明制备的硬质合金刀具有较高的膜基结合力,可实现对高硬度的金属材料进行高速干切削。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于金属表面涂层技术领域,涉及一种采用多弧离子镀技术沉积的纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物刀具涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着现代科学技术的快速发展,人们对机械部件提出了更高的综合性能要求,但有些要求往往超出了单一材料可以达到的性能范围。例如,对于在高温环境中使用的部件,除了要求其有较高的高温强度外,还要求它具有良好的抗高温氧化、腐蚀、冲蚀和磨损的能力。对于在剧烈磨损环境中使用的工具,则对其在高温强度、韧性、耐磨性等方面都提出了比以前更高的要求。单一的材料往往不可能满足上述的所有性能要求,而采用涂层方法制备的材料组合则可以有效地发挥各种材料的优点,同时避免各自的局限性。
最早的硬质耐磨涂层一般是应用在合金刀具上,在刀具基体上涂覆一层高硬物质涂层,提高刀具表面的耐磨性,抗粘合性,抗氧化性以及减小摩擦系数,从而提高了刀具的使用寿命。随着涂层技术的不断发展与完善以及耐磨涂层材料的开发,越来越多的涂层应用于需要耐磨及防护的机械零部件上来提高材料的耐磨、耐热和防腐性能。发展新型涂层材料和涂层制备技术一直是涂层技术重要内容,本发明就提供了一种新型的应用于刀具的涂层。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种在硬质合金刀具表面涂覆了一层纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物的刀具涂层及其制备方法。本发明的具体技术方案如下所述。
本发明提供一种纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物刀具涂层,其配方为:锆30~60at.%,铝5~30at.%,铬5~20at.%,氮20~50at.%。用本配方制成的锆铝铬氮化物涂层,其各成分含量之和应为100%。
上述涂层是在硬质合金基体上先沉积一层Cr/CrN打底层,厚度为100~400纳米;然后才沉积纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂层,厚度为2.8~3.4微米;涂层总厚度为2.9~3.8微米。
上述硬质合金基体可以为WC/Co硬质合金刀具。
本发明还提供上述纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂层的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)基体预处理工艺:将预镀刀具放入盛有浓度为95%的酒精的超声波清洗机中清洗5min,接着将取出的刀具烘干。
(2)沉积Cr/CrN打底层:将清洗后的刀具均匀的固定在工件架上,装入多弧离子镀镀膜机中,调节工件架转速为10-165r/min。抽至本底真空5×10-4Pa,通入Ar气调节腔体气压至0.1-0.5Pa,同时打开加热器升温至350-450℃。对基体施加400-600V负偏压,溅射基体600-800s,溅射功率5-7kw。随后降低基体负偏压至280-320V,通入N2,调节腔体气压至1-3Pa,温度升高至450-550℃。使铬靶通电,靶电流50~60A,沉积Cr/CrN打底层600-800s。
(3)沉积纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂层:然后使锆靶和铝靶通电,通过调节铬靶和铝靶的功率沉积不同原子百分比含量的锆铝铬氮化物涂层,沉积时间240-300min。沉积结束后使刀具随炉冷却至150℃以下取出。
本发明所述制备方法中,所使用的基底为WC/Co硬质合金刀具,基体表面涂层为锆铝铬氮化物硬质涂层。涂层显微硬度达到34.6GPa,耐高温氧化温度可达1260℃,划痕法测得通过本发明制备的硬质合金刀具涂层的膜基结合力可达120N。
本发明可通过改变涂层中各元素组分的含量调节涂层的显微结构、硬度和抗高温氧化的性能,可以适应不同的切削环境和加工条件。
本发明的有益效果是:可以提高涂层与基体的结合力,使用本发明所述涂层涂覆的刀具,切削速度和使用寿命可大幅度提高;通过调节涂层的显微结构,可适用于各种不同的切削环境和加工条件。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述涂层的结构示意图;
图中,1为基体,2为Cr/CrN打底层,3为纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂层。
具体实施方式
为了更好的说明本发明的技术方案,下面用具体实施例来进行进一步的说明。
实施例1
本实施例是在WC/Co硬质合金刀具基体上沉积锆铝铬氮化物涂层,涂层分为两层,一层为Cr/CrN打底层,厚度为100~400纳米;一层为纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂层,厚度为2.8~3.4微米;涂层总厚度为2.9~3.8微米。
本实施例所述涂层配方分别如下:
锆30at.%,铝17at.%,铬17at.%,氮36at.%
锆36at.%,铝14at.%,铬20at.%,氮30at.%
锆40at.%,铝30at.%,铬5at.%,氮25at.%
锆55at.%,铝5at.%,铬20at.%,氮20at.%
锆60at.%,铝6at.%,铬7at.%,氮27at.%
锆32at.%,铝7at.%,铬11at.%,氮50at.%
本实施例中纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂层的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)基体预处理工艺:将预镀刀具放入盛有浓度为95%的酒精的超声波清洗机中清洗5min,接着将取出的刀具烘干。
(2)沉积Cr/CrN打底层:将清洗后的刀具均匀的固定在工件架上,装入多弧离子镀镀膜机中,调节工件架转速为10-165r/min。抽至本底真空5×10-4Pa,通入Ar气调节腔体气压至0.1-0.5Pa,同时打开加热器升温至350-450℃。对基体施加400-600V负偏压,溅射基体600-800s,溅射功率5-7kw。随后降低基体负偏压至280-320V,通入N2,调节腔体气压至1-3Pa,温度升高至450-550℃。使锆靶通电,靶电流50~60A,沉积Cr/CrN打底层600-800s。
(3)沉积纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂层:然后使铬靶和铝靶通电,通过调节铬靶和铝靶的功率沉积不同原子百分比含量的锆铝铬氮化物涂层,沉积时间240-300min。沉积结束后使刀具随炉冷却至150℃以下取出。
实施例2
在YG8硬质合金立铣刀表面沉积本发明所述的纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂层,与在相同硬质合金立铣刀表面沉积氮化锆硬质涂层以及未涂层刀具各取三支,进行刀具寿命与耐磨性测试。耐磨性测试条件为:刀具为Φ5mm 4刃立铣刀,被切工件为4Cr5MoSiV(58HRC),干铣削,顺铣,切削速度为350m/min,每齿切削量为0.05mm/Z,径向进给量为0.20mm,轴向进给量为2mm,加工长度为80m。
测试结果表明:用本发明所述的纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂覆的刀具刀面磨损值为0.22mm,涂覆氮化锆涂层的刀具刀面磨损值为0.38,未涂层刀具刀面磨损值为0.86。本发明所述的纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂覆的刀具耐磨性被大幅提高。
寿命测试条件为:刀具为Φ5mm 4刃立铣刀,被切工件为4Cr5MoSiV(58HRC),干铣削,顺铣,切削速度为350m/min,每齿切削量为0.05mm/Z,径向进给量为0.20mm,轴向进给量为2mm。
测试结果表明:在相同的实验条件下,用本发明所述的纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂覆的刀具铣削长度达到了930m,涂覆氮化锆涂层的刀具铣削长度为520m,未涂层刀具铣削长度仅有230m。本发明所述的纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂覆的刀具寿命被大幅提高。
实施例3
在YG8硬质合金立铣刀表面沉积本发明所述的纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂层,用划痕法测试涂层的结合力,测试结果表明:本发明所述涂层的临界载荷可达120N。
Claims (5)
1.一种纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物刀具涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)基体预处理工艺;
(2)沉积Cr/CrN打底层:将清洗后的刀具均匀的固定在工件架上,装入多弧离子镀镀膜机中,抽至本底真空,通入Ar气调节腔体气压至0.1-0.5Pa,同时打开加热器升温至350-450℃,对基体施加400-600V负偏压,溅射基体600-800s,溅射功率5-7kw;随后降低基体负偏压至280-320V,通入N2,调节腔体气压至1-3Pa,温度升高至450-550℃,使铬靶通电,靶电流50~60A,沉积Cr/CrN打底层600-800s;
(3)沉积纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂层:然后使锆靶和铝靶通电,通过调节铬靶和铝靶的功率沉积不同原子百分比含量的锆铝铬氮化物涂层,沉积时间240-300min,沉积结束后使刀具随炉冷却至150℃以下取出;
所述涂层的配方为:锆30~60at.%,铝5~30at.%,铬5~20at.%,氮20~50at.%,各成分含量之和应为100%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述基体预处理工艺为:将预镀刀具放入盛有浓度为95%的酒精的超声波清洗机中清洗5min,接着将取出的刀具烘干。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,工件架转速为10-165r/min,抽至本底真空5×10-4Pa,通入Ar气调节腔体气压至0.1-0.5Pa。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述涂层是在硬质合金基体上先沉积一层Cr/CrN打底层,厚度为100~400纳米;然后才沉积纳米复合锆铝铬氮化物涂层,厚度为2.8~3.4微米;涂层总厚度为2.9~3.8微米。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述硬质合金基体为WC/Co硬质合金刀具。
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