CN1071188C - 隔热体 - Google Patents

隔热体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1071188C
CN1071188C CN95195987A CN95195987A CN1071188C CN 1071188 C CN1071188 C CN 1071188C CN 95195987 A CN95195987 A CN 95195987A CN 95195987 A CN95195987 A CN 95195987A CN 1071188 C CN1071188 C CN 1071188C
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film
insulator
mold pressing
powder
pressing product
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN95195987A
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CN1162287A (zh
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K·W·迪特里希
H·托马斯
H·I·萨克斯
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Bayer AG
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Bayer AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2201/00—Insulation
    • F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
    • F25D2201/14—Insulation with respect to heat using subatmospheric pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23—Sheet including cover or casing
    • Y10T428/231—Filled with gas other than air; or under vacuum
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23—Sheet including cover or casing
    • Y10T428/233—Foamed or expanded material encased
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23—Sheet including cover or casing
    • Y10T428/239—Complete cover or casing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
  • Refrigerator Housings (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Cold Cathode And The Manufacture (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Bipolar Transistors (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种隔热体包括
a)一种多孔的堆积密度为50至350kg/m3，优选的是100至250kg/m3的模压制件，它是通过将泡沫塑料粉碎成粉末或小片，并用粘合剂粘结该粉末或小片，同时或随后压制成型而获得的，以及
b)一种覆盖模压制件的薄膜，这种覆盖模压制件的薄膜被抽空而且牢牢地密封。

Description

隔热体
用一种多孔材料和一种将此材料完全覆盖的不透气薄膜生产隔热体(真空板)，该隔热体具有的“空洞”是通过将多孔材料抽成真空而形成的，这是人们知道的。这种多孔材料可以由多孔的疏松材料或其他硬质泡沫所组成。这种薄膜通常由几层复合物组成，它具有各种不同的功能，比如对不同的气体构成扩散屏障和赋予机构强度，而不同的功能是通过不同的层来实现的。
大多数畅销的真空板有一个多孔疏松材料的芯，它通常以硅酸盐为基础。
在EP-B 188 806中，硬质聚氨酯基泡沫被描述用作真空板的填充材料。由于聚氨酯硬质泡沫主要是闭孔，因此，这种方法的问题是要通过精选配方和运用特定的加工参数得到需要的开孔结构。
硬质聚氨酯泡沫用作真空板支承材料的另一个问题是会放出象胺类、发泡剂和可能的单体这样的挥发性组分。
另一方面，与多孔疏松材料相比，硬质聚氨酯泡沫的一个优点是制成的真空板具有精确的加工尺寸以及精确的尺寸精度。
现在，人们意外地发现，用于真空板的优良支承材料能够经济地进行生产，其方法是，例如，将在回收废泡沫时产生的，优选的是将来源于废旧冷冻设备隔热层的泡沫塑料粉末或小片与粘合剂混合，并用压力和可选择的温度加工该混合物，制成堆积密度为50～300kg/m3，优选的是100～250kg/m3的模压产品。这时，便得到具有细孔结构和高强度以及尺寸精度的模压产品，例如板材。
为此，本发明提供的隔热体包括：
a)一种多孔的堆积密度为50～350 kg/m3，优选的是100～250kg/m3的模压制件，可通过将硬质泡沫塑料破碎成粉末或小片，并用粘合剂粘结此粉末或小片，同时或随后压制成型而获得，
b)一种覆盖模压制件的薄膜，将这种覆盖模压制件的薄膜抽空，然后牢牢地密封。
根据本发明，优选的是
粉碎的塑料泡沫是硬质聚氨酯泡沫，
粉碎的塑料泡沫是一种回收材料，优选的是一种硬质聚氨酯
泡沫，它来自旧冷冻设备回收过程，
这种泡沫粉末或泡沫小片的颗粒尺寸为0.01～5mm，优选
的是0.1～2mm，
用于生产模压制件的粘合剂是二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯(优
选的是二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯和聚亚甲基多酚
(polyphenylpolymethylene)多异氰酸酯的混合物)，
在进一步加工以前，通过在50至250℃，优选的是100至
150℃的温度和可选择的低压下加热，前述的泡沫粉末或小片或
模压制件不含挥发性组分，
使用的覆盖薄膜是一种多层薄膜，优选的是聚乙烯/铝膜或聚
乙烯/聚乙烯醇薄膜。覆盖层也可以是任选的不透气的硬质片材。
所有已知的薄膜，例如，用于生产市场上买得到的真空板的复合膜，适用于根据本发明生产的真空板。可举出的例子是聚乙烯薄膜与聚乙烯醇薄膜的复合膜或聚乙烯薄膜与铝膜的复合膜。
所有的硬质塑料泡沫，优选的是聚氨酯泡沫适宜作为本发明使用的泡沫。尽管用于真空板的这种薄膜已经具有强的不透气性，但它们仍然不是气体/水蒸汽的屏障。尤其是渗透的水蒸汽会降低真空度并同时削弱真空板的绝热性能。为了避免这点，根据本发明，蒸汽吸收材料，例如，那些以硅酸盐或铝为基础的材料，可按5至50重量百分数的量，优选的是按10至25重量百分数的量来使用。然而，已经发现，根据本发明的一种聚氨酯夹心板材已具有很强的吸水能力。
适宜的粘合剂是例如在DE-AS 1911 645中涉及的二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯。
硬质泡沫的粉碎可以实现，比如，通过碾磨、研磨或撕成碎片。大块的泡沫也可以任选地被碾碎或撕碎。
根据本发明的真空板的另一个优点是除真空板外，模压制件可以预制，也可任意地生产真空模压制件。
比如泡沫板是直的，可以在用薄膜覆盖并且抽空之前进行切割，或者可以在泡沫板上磨出适当的缺口或凹槽，以便于组装在开关、线路或通路等部件上。
根据本发明，孔隙率精度可以进行调整，一方面是通过调整碾磨强度，另一方面是通过调整被碾泡沫的孔结构精度来实现。
压制成型操作可按已知的方法在增压(例如1.5～20巴)并在可选择的升温(例如50～250℃)下进行。按本发明不同方法中的一种方法在基片抽空以后，再用一种具有低热导率的气体(例如氙)完全地或部分地填充。
实例
将580g取自冷冻设备回收工厂的聚氨酯硬质泡沫粉末和20g水及58g含有二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯和聚亚甲基多酚多异氰酸酯(Desmodurvp PU 1520 A20；Bayer AG)的混合物，用一种有两个喷嘴的Ldige犁头混合器进行均匀地混合。用该混合物在一个固定部件中加工成尺寸为400×400mm造型的物体，用一种时间持续程序，用实验压力机在50巴压力及120℃温度下，用8分钟时间对物件均匀地加压并连续地压制到20mm厚为止。
这样就得到了堆积密度为200 kg/m3的多孔的20mm厚的板块。将该板块在120℃下加热约2小时，以便除去所有的挥发性组分。
用由聚乙烯/聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯薄膜组成的一种膜覆盖该板块并抽真空至0.001巴。在真空下，将薄膜的边缘密封起来，这时便得到用热流动法测得热导率λ为9mW/°km的真空板。

Claims (5)

1．隔热体，包括：
a)一种多孔的堆积密度为50至350 kg/m3的摸压制件，它是通过将硬质聚氨酯泡沫粉碎成颗粒大小为0.1至2mm的粉末，并用一种粘合剂粘结该粉末，并且同时或随后加压成型制成的，在低压下，于50至250℃温度下加热，使该制件不含挥发性组分，和
b)一种覆盖该模压制件的薄膜，
覆盖着模压制件的薄膜已被抽真空并随后牢固地密封。
2．根据权利要求1的隔热体，其特征在于，要被粉碎的泡沫是一种回收材料，它来源于旧冷冻设备回收过程。
3．根据权利要求1或2的隔热体，其特征在于，用于模压制件的粘合剂是二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯。
4．根据权利要求1的隔热体，其特征在于所用的覆盖薄膜是一种多层薄膜。
5．根据权利要求5的隔热体，其特征在于，使用的覆盖薄膜是一种聚乙烯/铝膜或聚乙烯/聚乙烯醇薄膜。
CN95195987A 1994-11-04 1995-10-23 隔热体 Expired - Fee Related CN1071188C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4439328A DE4439328A1 (de) 1994-11-04 1994-11-04 Wärmeisolierender Körper
DEP4439328.8 1994-11-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1162287A CN1162287A (zh) 1997-10-15
CN1071188C true CN1071188C (zh) 2001-09-19

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CN95195987A Expired - Fee Related CN1071188C (zh) 1994-11-04 1995-10-23 隔热体

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Country Link
US (1) US6063471A (zh)
EP (1) EP0789651B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH10509922A (zh)
KR (1) KR970706966A (zh)
CN (1) CN1071188C (zh)
AT (1) ATE206355T1 (zh)
BR (1) BR9509553A (zh)
CZ (1) CZ288360B6 (zh)
DE (2) DE4439328A1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2164165T3 (zh)
HR (1) HRP950542B1 (zh)
HU (1) HUT77188A (zh)
MX (1) MX9702801A (zh)
PL (1) PL319968A1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2154577C2 (zh)
TW (1) TW341540B (zh)
WO (1) WO1996014207A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA959300B (zh)

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BR9509553A (pt) 1995-10-23
HRP950542A2 (en) 1997-04-30
RU2154577C2 (ru) 2000-08-20
DE59509664D1 (de) 2001-11-08
TW341540B (en) 1998-10-01
EP0789651B1 (de) 2001-10-04
CZ125497A3 (en) 1997-09-17
PL319968A1 (en) 1997-09-01
CN1162287A (zh) 1997-10-15
HUT77188A (hu) 1998-03-02
CZ288360B6 (en) 2001-05-16
HRP950542B1 (en) 2002-06-30
WO1996014207A1 (de) 1996-05-17
KR970706966A (ko) 1997-12-01
JPH10509922A (ja) 1998-09-29
US6063471A (en) 2000-05-16
MX9702801A (es) 1997-06-28
DE4439328A1 (de) 1996-05-09
ZA959300B (en) 1996-05-29
EP0789651A1 (de) 1997-08-20
ATE206355T1 (de) 2001-10-15
ES2164165T3 (es) 2002-02-16

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