CN107117595B - A kind of preparation method and application of Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method and application of Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method and application of Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor.Its preparation step is as follows: first using the silica of different-grain diameter as template, being scattered in 100mL deionized water；Then, thiocarbamide and formaldehyde are dissolved in above-mentioned solution, react 3h under the conditions of 55 DEG C with after salt acid for adjusting pH value；Milky reaction solution is obtained, is filtered, washing, after dry, thiocarbamide urea formaldehyde is made.Then the 3h that it is carbonized at 750 DEG C obtains Heteroatom doping carbon material；It finally places it in the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.2mol/L at 80 DEG C and etches 12h and obtain Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor.Present invention preparation is simple, and yield is higher and has controllability；The Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor being prepared has many advantages, such as that appropriate Heteroatom doping, different pore size distribution, stable structure, electrochemical performance, good rate capability and specific capacitance are high, is highly suitable as electrode material applied to supercapacitor field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to new energy technical field of electronic materials, are related to Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon super capacitor electrode
The preparation method and application of pole material.
Background technique
Carbon material all has very heavy as a kind of cheap, traditional material of existence form multiplicity in every field
The application value wanted.Wherein in supercapacitor (SCs) electrode material application field, carbon material receives numerous research workers
Consistent favor.In general, carbon material has a variety of existence forms, as active carbon, template carbon, carbon nanotube and polymer
Base carbon etc. all has respective advantage and is successfully applied to every field.
Polymer matrix carbon material is one kind using high molecular polymer sill as presoma, by obtaining after high temperature cabonization
The material arrived.Although property of traditional carbon material in terms of electrochemistry is not ideal enough, constantly explore in people by
It gradually finds to activate carbon material, the processing modes such as drilling and Heteroatom doping have weight for the raising of its capacitive property
Want impetus (Salanne M, Rotenberg B, Naoi K, Kaneko K, Taberna P-L, Grey CP,
Dunn B, Simon P, Efficient storage mechanisms for building better
Supercapacitors, Nature Energy, 2016,6,16070).Heteroatom doping is by using before special
Hetero atom is successfully introduced into one of carbon material processing mode by the modes such as body and different preparation conditions of drive.At present in carbon
Relatively conventional hetero atom is generally N, S, O and H etc. in terms of material Heteroatom doping, and continuous with the area research
Deeply, B and P etc. also start gradually to be introduced into carbon material (Tran Chau, Kalra Vibha, Fabrication of
porous carbon nanofibers with adjustable pore sizes as electrodes for
Supercapacitors, Journal of Power Sources, 2013,235,289-296).
In addition to this, the modes such as researcher also application template method carry out drilling to material.It is continuous with the area research
Deeply, it has been found that porous polymer matrix carbon material have bigger serface, higher conductivity, outstanding chemical stability with
And the advantages such as affordable, and then as the candidate of ideal electrode material.The specific surface area and pore structure of material
Capacitance for polymer matrix carbon material SCs etc. has very important influence.Micropore can effectively increase carbon material
Specific surface area and charge storage capacity；It is mesoporous to provide channel for the dispersion and transfer of ion, and then increase substantially material
Chemical property；Macropore is in ion storage and shortens function and significance of the ion-transfer apart from aspect with highly significant
(Young Kaylie L, Scott Alexander W, Liangliang Hao, Mirkin Sarah E, Guoliang
Liu, Mirkin Chad A, Hollow spherical nucleic acids for intracellular gene
regulation based upon biocompatible silica shells, Nano Letters, 2012, 7,
3867-3871).So the reasonable layout of different pore size has the promotion of SCs electrode material integral capacitor performance in carbon material
There is important impetus.
Wang etc. is using phenolic resin as carbon source, Ni (OH)2It is prepared for as template a kind of classifying porous graphene-based
Carbon material is tested it with 970 m after being used as SCs electrode material2The high-specific surface area of/g, and 6 mol/L's
The specific capacitance measured under the current density of 1 A/g in KOH electrolyte is 198 F/g(Changshui Wang, Tingzhi
Liu, Activated carbon materials derived from liquefied bark-phenol
formaldehyde resins for high performance supercapacitors, RSC Advances, 2016,
107,105540-105549).Long etc. is prepared for a kind of classifying porous carbon materials of three-dimensional using simple chemical modification activation method
Expect (THPCs), wherein polypyrrole nanometer sheet is as presoma, and as activating reagent, the porous carbon materials finally prepared have KOH
2870 m2The specific surface area of/g, specific capacitance can reach 318.2 F/g(Qie Long when current density is 0.5 A/g,
Weimin Chen, Henghui Xu, Xiaoqin Xiong, Yan Jiang, Feng Zou, Xianluo Hu, Ying
Xin, Zhaoliang Zhang, Yunhui Huang, Synthesis of functionalized 3D
hierarchical porous carbon for high-performance supercapacitors, Energy &
Environmental Science, 2013,8,2497-2504).
Chinese patent literature CN104645989 A discloses a kind of preparation method of Heteroatom doping porous carbon materials, packet
Include following steps: (1) at room temperature, by hard template nanoporous inorganic oxide and the sublimable hydridization small organic molecule of presoma
Material solid phase uniformly mixes, and obtains the mixture of nanoporous inorganic oxide Yu sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material；
(2) under inert gas protection, it by the heat temperature raising under inert gas protection of mixture obtained by step (1), can be risen when being warming up to
The sublimation temperature of the hydridization organic small molecule material of China, formed sublimable hydridization organic small molecule material filling nanoporous without
The structure of machine oxide then continues to heat up under inert gas protection, so that hydridization organic small molecule material is carbonized, forms miscellaneous original
The structure of the nanoporous inorganic oxide of sub- doped carbon filling；(3) step products therefrom is removed into nanoporous inorganic oxide
Object hard template obtains Heteroatom doping porous carbon materials after filtering, drying.But the porous structure of this method preparation is more single
One, and obtained composite material electrical property is not ideal enough.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of specific capacitances, and high, good rate capability Heteroatom doping divides
The preparation method and application of grade porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor.
Technical scheme is as follows:
According to the present invention, a kind of preparation method of Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor, including
Steps are as follows:
(1) by 0.2~2.5g SiO2(15nm) and 0.1~1.0g SiO2(100nm) is scattered in 100mL deionized water,
1~2h of ultrasonic disperse；
(2) 17.52g thiocarbamide, 0.5~1h of mechanical stirring are slowly added into step (1) acquired solution；
(3) 6mL formaldehyde and 0.4mL hydrochloric acid will be added in step (2) acquired solution, 2~5h is reacted at 45~65 DEG C, is obtained
To milky white solution product；
(4) product for obtaining step (3) is filtered, is washed, and is subsequently placed in 40 DEG C of air dry ovens dry 12h, is obtained
Thiocarbamide urea formaldehyde powder；
(5) the thiocarbamide urea formaldehyde powder for obtaining step (4) is under protection of argon gas in 600 DEG C~800 DEG C carbonization 1h~4h,
Cooled to room temperature obtains Heteroatom doping carbon material；
(6) carbon material for obtaining step (5) is added in the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.2mol/L, etches at 60~90 DEG C
8~16h；
(7) product obtained step (6) filters, washing, be subsequently placed in 40 DEG C of air dry ovens dry 12h to get
Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor.
, according to the invention it is preferred to, 15nmSiO as described in step (1)2Dosage is 1.5g, 100nmSiO2Dosage is
0.2g, ultrasonic disperse time are 2h.
, according to the invention it is preferred to, mixing time described in step (2) is 0.5h.
, according to the invention it is preferred to, reaction temperature described in step (3) is 55 DEG C, reaction time 3h.
, according to the invention it is preferred to, carburizing temperature described in step (5) is 750 DEG C, carbonization time 3h.
, according to the invention it is preferred to, etching temperature described in step (6) is 80 DEG C.
, according to the invention it is preferred to, etch period described in step (6) is 12h.
Technical advantage of the invention is as follows:
(1) preparation process of the present invention is simple, and yield is higher, has controllability, can pass through the SiO of control different size2
Dosage, reaction temperature and reaction time adjust the stability, dispersibility and pore-size distribution of synthetic product；
(2) the Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor that is prepared of the present invention not only have nitrogen,
On the one hand the doping of sulphur atom and the porous structure for introducing different pore size effectively introduce fake capacitance, on the other hand effectively promote
Into the storage and transfer of charge, so that material has electrochemical performance, good rate capability and specific capacitance height etc. excellent
Point is highly suitable as electrode material applied to supercapacitor field.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the transmission of Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor made from the embodiment of the present invention 2
Electron microscope.
Fig. 2 is the aperture of Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor made from the embodiment of the present invention 2
Distribution curve.
Fig. 3 is the perseverance electricity of Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor made from the embodiment of the present invention 2
Flow charge and discharge electrograph.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further with attached drawing combined with specific embodiments below, but not limited to this.
Experimental method described in following embodiments is unless otherwise specified conventional method simultaneously；The reagent and material
Material, unless otherwise specified, commercially obtains.
Embodiment 1:
By 1.0gSiO2(15nm) and 1.0gSiO2(100nm) is scattered in 100mL deionized water, after ultrasonic disperse 2h, is set
In there-necked flask；Then 17.52g thiocarbamide is added in above-mentioned solution, after mechanical stirring 0.5h, 6mL formaldehyde and 0.4mL salt is added
Acid solution, sustained response 3h obtains milky reaction solution after being warming up to 55 DEG C, filters, dry with deionized water and ethanol washing
After obtain thiocarbamide urea formaldehyde；
The above-mentioned thiocarbamide urea formaldehyde of 5g is placed in tube furnace, under protection of argon gas in 750 DEG C of carbonization 3h, naturally cools to room
Heteroatom doping carbon material is obtained after temperature；
It disperses the above-mentioned Heteroatom doping carbon material of 0.5g in the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.2mol/L and is etched at 80 DEG C
10h obtains the classifying porous carbon material of Heteroatom doping；
Using three-electrode system, using 6mol/L potassium hydroxide solution as electrolyte, it is 318F/g that 1A/g, which measures specific capacitance, surely
It is qualitative preferable.
Embodiment 2:
By 1.5gSiO2(15nm) and 0.2gSiO2(100nm) is scattered in 100mL deionized water, after ultrasonic disperse 2h, is set
In there-necked flask；Then 17.52g thiocarbamide is added in above-mentioned solution, after mechanical stirring 0.5h, 6mL formaldehyde and 0.4mL salt is added
Acid solution, sustained response 3h obtains milky reaction solution after being warming up to 55 DEG C, filters, dry with deionized water and ethanol washing
After obtain thiocarbamide urea formaldehyde；
The above-mentioned thiocarbamide urea formaldehyde of 5g is placed in tube furnace, under protection of argon gas in 750 DEG C of carbonization 3h, naturally cools to room
Heteroatom doping carbon material is obtained after temperature；
It disperses the above-mentioned Heteroatom doping carbon material of 0.5g in the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.2mol/L and is etched at 80 DEG C
12h obtains the classifying porous carbon material of Heteroatom doping；
Using three-electrode system, using 6mol/L potassium hydroxide solution as electrolyte, it is 521F/g that 1A/g, which measures specific capacitance, surely
It is qualitative preferable；
Transmission electron microscope picture such as Fig. 1 of Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor made from the present embodiment
Shown, there are a large amount of hole configurationss in the material as shown in Figure 1, and pore-size distribution is inhomogenous；
The pore size distribution curve of Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor made from the present embodiment is such as
Shown in Fig. 2, as shown in Figure 2, aperture present in this kind of material is primarily present a large amount of mesoporous and macroporous structure；
The constant current charge-discharge of Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor made from the present embodiment is such as
Shown in Fig. 3, from the figure 3, it may be seen that it is 521F/g that 1A/g, which measures specific capacitance, it is 343F/g that 2A/g, which measures specific capacitance, and 5A/g is measured than electricity
Holding is 269F/g, and it is 226F/g that 10A/g, which measures specific capacitance, and stability is preferable.
Embodiment 3:
By 1.5gSiO2(15nm) and 0.2gSiO2(100nm) is scattered in 100mL deionized water, after ultrasonic disperse 2h, is set
In there-necked flask；Then 17.52g thiocarbamide is added in above-mentioned solution, after mechanical stirring 0.5h, 6mL formaldehyde and 0.4mL salt is added
Acid solution, sustained response 3h obtains milky reaction solution after being warming up to 55 DEG C, filters, dry with deionized water and ethanol washing
After obtain thiocarbamide urea formaldehyde；
The above-mentioned thiocarbamide urea formaldehyde of 5g is placed in tube furnace, under protection of argon gas in 600 DEG C of carbonization 3h, naturally cools to room
Heteroatom doping carbon material is obtained after temperature；
It disperses the above-mentioned Heteroatom doping carbon material of 0.5g in the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.2mol/L and is etched at 60 DEG C
12h obtains the classifying porous carbon material of Heteroatom doping；
Using three-electrode system, using 6mol/L potassium hydroxide solution as electrolyte, it is 267F/g that 1A/g, which measures specific capacitance, surely
It is qualitative preferable.
Embodiment 4:
By 1.5gSiO2(15nm) and 0.2gSiO2(100nm) is scattered in 100mL deionized water, after ultrasonic disperse 2h, is set
In there-necked flask；Then 17.52g thiocarbamide is added in above-mentioned solution, after mechanical stirring 0.5h, 6mL formaldehyde and 0.4mL salt is added
Acid solution, sustained response 3h obtains milky reaction solution after being warming up to 55 DEG C, filters, dry with deionized water and ethanol washing
After obtain thiocarbamide urea formaldehyde；
The above-mentioned thiocarbamide urea formaldehyde of 5g is placed in tube furnace, under protection of argon gas in 750 DEG C of carbonization 2h, naturally cools to room
Heteroatom doping carbon material is obtained after temperature；
It disperses the above-mentioned Heteroatom doping carbon material of 0.5g in the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.2mol/L and is etched at 80 DEG C
12h obtains the classifying porous carbon material of Heteroatom doping；
Using three-electrode system, using 6mol/L potassium hydroxide solution as electrolyte, it is 307F/g that 1A/g, which measures specific capacitance, surely
It is qualitative preferable.
Comparative example 1:
17.52g thiocarbamide is dissolved in 100mL deionized water, after mechanical stirring 0.5h, 6mL formaldehyde and 0.4mL salt is added
Acid solution, sustained response 3h obtains milky reaction solution after being warming up to 55 DEG C, filters, dry with deionized water and ethanol washing
After obtain thiocarbamide urea formaldehyde；
The above-mentioned thiocarbamide urea formaldehyde of 5g is placed in tube furnace, under protection of argon gas in 750 DEG C of carbonization 3h, naturally cools to room
Heteroatom doping carbon material is obtained after temperature；
It disperses the above-mentioned Heteroatom doping carbon material of 0.5g in the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.2mol/L and is etched at 80 DEG C
12h obtains Heteroatom doping porous carbon materials；
Using three-electrode system, using 6mol/L potassium hydroxide solution as electrolyte, it is 135F/g that 1A/g, which measures specific capacitance, and
It is 521F/g that Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor 1A/g under identical electrolyte, which measures specific capacitance, than
Capacitor is significantly higher than this comparative example.
Comparative example 2:
By 1.5gSiO2(15nm) is scattered in 100mL deionized water, after ultrasonic disperse 2h, is placed in there-necked flask；Then
17.52g thiocarbamide is added in above-mentioned solution, after mechanical stirring 0.5h, 6mL formaldehyde and 0.4mL hydrochloric acid solution is added, is warming up to 55
Sustained response 3h obtains milky reaction solution after DEG C, filters, and with deionized water and ethanol washing, obtains thiocarbamide aldehyde tree after dry
Rouge；
The above-mentioned thiocarbamide urea formaldehyde of 5g is placed in tube furnace, under protection of argon gas in 750 DEG C of carbonization 3h, naturally cools to room
Heteroatom doping carbon material is obtained after temperature；
It disperses the above-mentioned Heteroatom doping carbon material of 0.5g in the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.2mol/L and is etched at 80 DEG C
12h obtains the classifying porous carbon material of Heteroatom doping；
Using three-electrode system, using 6mol/L potassium hydroxide solution as electrolyte, it is 281F/g that 1A/g, which measures specific capacitance, and
It is 521F/g that the more grading-hole carbon supercapacitor electrode materials of Heteroatom doping 1A/g under identical electrolyte, which measures specific capacitance, than
Capacitor is significantly higher than this comparative example.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of preparation method of Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor, comprises the following steps that
(1) SiO for being 15nm by 1.5g partial size2With the SiO of 0.2g partial size 100nm2It is scattered in 100mL deionized water, ultrasound point
Dissipate 1~2h；
(2) 17.52g thiocarbamide, 0.5~1h of mechanical stirring are slowly added into step (1) acquired solution；
(3) 6mL formaldehyde and 0.4mL hydrochloric acid will be added in step (2) acquired solution, 2~5h is reacted at 45~65 DEG C, obtains cream
White solution product；
(4) product for obtaining step (3) is filtered, is washed, and is subsequently placed in 40 DEG C of air dry ovens dry 12h, is obtained thiocarbamide
Urea formaldehyde powder；
(5) the thiocarbamide urea formaldehyde powder for obtaining step (4) is naturally cold under protection of argon gas in 600~800 DEG C of carbonization 1~4h
But to room temperature, Heteroatom doping carbon material is obtained；
(6) carbon material obtained step (5) is added in the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.2mol/L, etch 8 at 60~90 DEG C~
16h；
(7) product for obtaining step (6) is filtered, is washed, and is subsequently placed in 40 DEG C of air dry ovens dry 12h to get miscellaneous original
Son doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor.
2. the preparation method of Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, mixing time described in step (2) is 0.5h.
3. the preparation method of Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, reaction temperature described in step (3) is 55 DEG C, reaction time 3h.
4. the preparation method of Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, carburizing temperature described in step (5) is 750 DEG C, carbonization time 3h.
5. the preparation method of Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, etching temperature described in step (6) is 80 DEG C.
6. the preparation method of Heteroatom doping graded porous carbon electrode material for super capacitor according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, etch period described in step (6) is 12h.
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