CN107112981B - 用于减少rf泄漏电流的手指开关电路 - Google Patents

用于减少rf泄漏电流的手指开关电路 Download PDF

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CN107112981B
CN107112981B CN201580059098.0A CN201580059098A CN107112981B CN 107112981 B CN107112981 B CN 107112981B CN 201580059098 A CN201580059098 A CN 201580059098A CN 107112981 B CN107112981 B CN 107112981B
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resistor
radio frequency
electrosurgical
electrosurgical unit
finger switch
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CN107112981A (zh
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D·休伯尔班克
J·A·史密斯
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Medtronic Advanced Energy LLC
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Abstract

一种电外科单元，该电外科单元具有用于减少电外科单元中的射频泄漏电流的检测电路。该电外科单元包括被配置成产生电外科能量的射频发生器，该射频发生器包括具有电阻梯以及与该电阻梯电通信的隔离变压器的检测电路。检测电路被配置成检测跨隔离变压器的阻抗变化并将该阻抗变化与多个预定的能量阈值中的一个进行关联。

Description

用于减少RF泄漏电流的手指开关电路
技术领域
本发明涉及具有射频发生器的电外科单元，且具体地，涉及被配置成多路复用来自电外科手持件(hand piece)的信号并减少射频泄漏电流的检测电路。
背景技术
电外科是将射频电能应用到生物组织以切割、凝结、干燥、或用电灼治疗组织。电外科单元通常包括被配置成提供电能的电外科发生器以及被配置成与电外科单元电耦合并将电能递送到组织的电外科手持件。为确定手持件的使用者所请求的期望电能，电外科单元可包括一个或多个通电检测电路，该通电检测电路被配置成将来自电外科手持件的能量请求传输到电外科发生器，该电外科发生器被配置成向电外科手持件提供电外科能量。通电检测电路通常包括电耦合到电外科手持件上的一个或多个手指开关的一个或多个检测电路。
目前，电外科手持件上的每个手指开关包括作为通电检测电路的一部分的相关联的隔离变压器。例如，包括用于三种不同功率模式的三个手指开关的电外科手持件将通常在通电检测电路中包括至少三个隔离变压器。然而，射频泄漏电流(其为电外科单元与地面之间的无意(inadvertent)电流)与跨电外科单元与患者之间的隔离屏障的电部件的数量相关。射频泄漏电流可通过导致患者烧伤而伤害患者，因此期望最小化泄漏电流。因为泄漏电流与跨变压器的寄生电容相关，因此跨隔离屏障的变压器越多，泄漏电流就越多。
发明内容
本发明有利地提供了一种电外科单元，该电外科单元具有用于减少电外科单元中的射频泄漏电流的检测电路。该电外科单元包括被配置成产生电外科能量的射频发生器，该射频发生器包括具有电阻梯以及与该电阻梯电通信的隔离变压器的检测电路。检测电路被配置成检测跨隔离变压器的阻抗变化并将该阻抗变化与多个预定的能量阈值中的一个进行关联。
在另一实施例中，电外科单元包括被配置成产生电外科能量的射频发生器。射频发生器包括具有多个手指开关导体的检测电路。多个手指开关导体中的每一个被配置成与电外科手持件上的对应的手指开关电通信。每个手指开关具有打开位置和闭合位置。多个手指开关导体中的每一个包括至少一个电阻器，在多个手指开关导体中的每一个中的该至少一个电阻器共同限定电阻梯。包括与多个手指开关导体以及电阻梯电通信的隔离变压器。当对应的手指开关中的任一个被置于闭合位置时，检测电路被配置成检测跨隔离变压器的阻抗变化。
在又一实施例中，电外科单元包括被配置成产生电外科能量的射频发生器。射频发生器包括具有三个手指开关导体的检测电路。该三个手指开关导体中的每一个被配置成与电外科手持件上的对应手指开关电通信，每个手指开关具有打开位置与闭合位置。该三个手指开关导体中的每一个包括至少一个负载电阻器，多个手指开关导体中的每一个中的该至少一个负载电阻器共同限定电阻梯并具有与任何其他负载电阻器不同的电阻。包括与三个手指开关导体以及电阻梯电通信的隔离变压器。包括被配置成以第一频率产生射频能量的第一射频振荡器，射频发生器进一步包括被配置成以大于第一频率的第二频率产生射频的第二射频振荡器。电流感测电阻器被设置在第一射频振荡器与隔离变压器之间，该电流感测电阻器被配置成测量跨隔离变压器的电流变化。差分放大器与电流感测电阻器通信。Sallen key滤波器与差分放大器通信。检测电路被配置成当对应的手指开关中的任一个被置于闭合位置时检测跨隔离变压器的阻抗变化，并被配置成将该阻抗变化与多个预定的能量阈值中的一个进行关联，该多个预定的能量阈值包括至少四个预定的能量阈值，并且该四个预定的能量阈值中的每一个包括12位ADC值。
附图说明
在结合附图考虑时，参考以下详细描述，将更容易地了解本发明的更完整的理解以及其所附的优点和特征，其中：
图1是根据本申请的原理进行构造的电外科手持件与电外科单元的前视立体图；
图2是图1中所示的电外科手持件的检测电路的示意图；以及
图3是与图1中所示的电外科单元的射频发生器通信的图2中所示的检测电路的示意图。
具体实施方式
如本文所使用的，诸如“第一”和“第二”、“顶部”和“底部”、“前面”和“后面”等等之类的关系术语可单独地用于将一个实体或元件与另一实体或元件区别开来，而不一定要求或暗示这些实体或元件之间的任何物理或逻辑关系或顺序。
现在参见各附图，其中相同的附图标记表示相同的元件，在图1中示出的是根据本申请的原理进行构造并一般地指定成“10”的示例性电外科单元(“ESU”)。ESU 10可包括被配置成容纳并电耦合ESU 10的部件以及电路的射频发生器12以及触摸致动显示器14，该触摸致动显示器14被配置成从一个或多个电外科手持件(其电耦合到射频发生器12)接收能量请求、显示治疗进展与测量(例如，阻抗)、并发起和/或终止用于可与ESU 10电耦合的一个或多个电外科手持件的射频能量与流体的供应。在示例性配置中，ESU 10包括第一插座16，该第一插座16可以是被配置成接收第一电外科手持件18并与第一电外科手持件18电耦合的3引脚连接器，该第一电外科手持件18被配置成将双极射频能量递送给组织。ESU 10可进一步包括第二插座20(例如，7引脚插座)，该第二插座20被配置成接收第二电外科手持件22并与第二电外科手持件22电耦合，该第二电外科手持件22被配置成递送单极射频能量或双极射频能量与单极射频能量的组合中的至少一者。在示例性配置中，第二电外科手持件22是根据题为“TELESCOPING DEVICE WITH SALINE IRRIGATION LINE”的待审美国申请S/N14/688,723(其整体通过引用明确合并于此)中公开的电外科手持件的原理构造的电外科手持件。
第二电外科手持件22可包括把手，该把手包括流体地耦合到诸如盐水之类的流体源(未示出)的第一脐带物(umbilical)26以及将第二电外科手持件22电耦合至ESU 10的第二脐带物28。第一脐带物26与第二脐带物28两者可经由分开的部分耦合到ESU 10或可被组合到连接到ESU 10的单个插头中。把手可进一步包括：第一手指开关30a，其被配置成以切割(CUT)模式操作第二电外科手持件22，该切割模式以大约0.2％到100％的占空比(取决于突发(burst)持续时间，该突发持续时间可从大约7微秒到80微秒的范围)并以大约0.4MHz的频率施加大约500V到1250V的范围内的最大电压；第二手指开关30b，其被配置成以凝结(COAG)模式操作第二电外科手持件22，该凝结模式以大约6–44％的占空比(取决于突发持续时间，该突发持续时间可从大约5-40微秒的范围)并以大约0.4MHz的频率施加大约700V到2600V的范围内的最大电压；以及第三手指开关30c，其被配置成以转换(TRANS)模式操作第二电外科手持件22，该转换模式可施加与纯切割模式的电压、频率以及占空比类似的电压、频率以及占空比或可被配置成输出双极射频能量以与盐水凝结。对第三手指开关30c的致动还可被配置成以恒定、可调整、或可变的流速朝向第二电外科手持件22的远端发起盐水流。
现在参见图2，手指开关中的每一个可包括电耦合到对应的手指开关的对应的手指开关导体。例如，第一手指开关导体32a(其可以是，例如，线)可与第一手指开关30a电耦合；第二手指开关导体32b可与第二手指开关30b电耦合；并且第三手指开关导体32c可与第三手指开关30c电耦合。手指开关导体可从，例如，第二插座20延伸到射频发生器12的电路中，且尤其延伸到射频发生器12的检测电路34中。当对应的手指开关致动时，检测电路34被配置成多路复用从手指开关通过对应的手指开关导体中继的能量请求信号，以确定由第二电外科手持件22所请求的能量。所请求的能量信息可随后被中继到被配置成向第二电外科手持件22提供射频能量的射频发生器12内的射频输出源36。
在示例性配置中，检测电路34包括并联地布置的手指开关导体。手指开关导体中的每一个包括对应的负载电阻器。具体地，第一手指开关导体32a包括第一负载电阻器38a，第二手指开关导体32b包括第二负载电阻器38b；并且第三手指开关导体32c包括第三负载电阻器38c。负载电阻器形成电阻梯40。虽然三个负载电阻器被示为形成电阻梯40，但是预期到，在包括仅两个手指开关导体的地方，例如，在一个电外科手持件或第一与第二电外科手持件包括两个手指开关的配置中，仅两个电阻器可限定电阻梯40。在一个配置中，每个负载电阻器具有相同的电阻，而在其他配置中，每个负载电阻器具有与电阻梯40中的任何其他负载电阻器不同的电阻。
电阻梯40电耦合到隔离变压器42，该隔离变压器被配置成隔离对ESU 10与一个或多个电外科手持件18与22之间的射频能量的供应。在图2中所示的特定配置中，隔离变压器42将第二电外科手持件22与ESU 10电隔离。在此配置中，隔离变压器42的二次绕组电耦合到电阻梯40。具体地，不论电阻梯40包括两个或更多个负载电阻器，单个隔离变压器42被包括，这减少了通常在ESU 10中使用的隔离变压器的总数。具体地，现有技术多手指开关电外科手持件关联用于三个手指开关电外科手持件的至少三个隔离变压器，这增加了跨隔离屏障的总体寄生电容并增加了射频泄漏电流。通过将隔离变压器的数目减到一半，产生大约一半的电容，并因此产生一半的泄漏电流。可在没有增加隔离变压器的数量的情况下增加任意数量的手指开关以及相关联的手指开关导体。因此，具有电耦合到根据以上描述的原理进行构造的检测电路34的“n”个数量的手指开关的电外科手持件将在检测电路34中包括单个对应的隔离变压器42。
现在参见图2与图3，隔离变压器42的一次绕组可电耦合到电流感测电阻器44。电流感测电阻器44是低电阻电阻器，其被配置成以电压降的形式感测流过其的电流，该电压降可被检测并放大。具体地，电流感测电阻器44可被耦合到差分放大器46以及以下更详细讨论的其他部件，其被配置成检测电流感测电阻器44两端的作为手指开关中的一个被按压的结果的电压或电流的改变。电流感测电阻器44的上游是被配置成产生射频信号的第一射频振荡器48以及被配置成以与波形相同的频率对由第一射频振荡器48产生的波形进行滤波的共振滤波器50。在示例性配置中，第一射频振荡器48以47kHz产生方波形，该方波形在被共振滤波器50转换成正弦波后提供功率给检测电路34。相比而言，射频输出源36包括被配置成以大约在400kHz到500kHz的范围中产生射频波形的第二射频振荡器52，以向第一与第二电外科设备18与22中的至少一个提供功率。在示例性配置中，第二射频振荡器52以单个频率473kHz产生波形。因此，第二射频振荡器52产生大约比第一射频振荡器48的射频波形大10倍的射频波形，这防止了两个振荡器之间的不可区分干扰。
继续参见图2与图3，当例如第二电外科手持件22的使用者按压手指开关中的一个开关时，被按压的手指开关与隔离变压器42之间的电路被短路，并且创建一条供电流流动的路径，该电流流动跨隔离变压器42，并且与被按压开关的对应负载电阻器的电阻相关。例如，手指开关中的每一个具有打开位置，在打开位置中，电流不跨隔离变压器42流动。当手指开关中的一个被按压到闭合位置时，隔离变压器42被短路，致使创建一条通过电感而跨隔离变压器42的供电流流动的路径，起始自第一射频振荡器48、跨隔离变压器42、通过相应的手指开关导体、并通过负载电阻器。跨隔离变压器42的电流与相应的负载电阻器相关。因此，电流感测电阻器44可测量此电流并计算电流感测电阻器44两端的电压降。具体地，差分放大器46可放大电流感测电阻器44两端的电压降。经放大的电压降可随后被滤波器54滤波。例如，滤波器54可以是Sallen Key滤波器，诸如，47kHz Sallen Key滤波器，其为被配置成实现二阶有源滤波器的电子滤波器拓扑。经滤波的电压降的峰值随后可用峰值检测器56来检测并由缓冲器58进行信号处理。缓冲的电压降信号可随后被分配预定的能量阈值，该预定的能量阈值随后与被按压的特定手指开关进行关联。例如，四个12位ADC预定的能量阈值可被分配给手指开关中的每一个。例如，0-1000的值指示没有手指开关已被按压。1000-2000之间的值指示第一手指开关30a已被按压，2000-3000之间的值指示第二手指开关30b已被按压，并且3000-4095之间的值指示第三手指开关30c已被按压。分配的预定阈值可随后被传送到一个或多个处理器60，诸如，主嵌入处理器，该处理器进而与射频输出源36通信以基于哪一个手指开关已被按压而提供确定的射频波形。该波形可随后被传输到有源电极62以用于组织的处理。
本领域技术人员应当理解，本发明不限于在上文中已具体示出并描述的内容。另外，除非作出相反提及，应该注意所有附图都不是按比例的。在不背离本发明范围和精神的情况下根据以上示教可能有各种修改和变型，本发明只受所附权利要求书限制。

Claims (20)

1.一种电外科单元，包括
射频发生器，所述射频发生器被配置成产生电外科能量，所述射频发生器包括检测电路，所述检测电路具有：
电阻梯；
隔离变压器，所述隔离变压器与所述电阻梯电通信；并且
所述检测电路被配置成检测跨所述隔离变压器的阻抗变化并将所述阻抗变化与多个预定的能量阈值中的一个进行关联；
其中所述检测电路包括多个手指开关导体，且其中，所述电阻梯中的每个电阻器是电耦合到所述多个手指开关导体中的对应的手指开关导体的负载电阻器。
2.如权利要求1所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述电阻梯中的每个电阻器具有与所述电阻梯中的任意其他电阻器不同的电阻。
3.如权利要求1所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述检测电路进一步包括被配置成以第一频率产生射频能量的第一射频振荡器，且其中，所述射频发生器包括被配置成以大于所述第一频率的第二频率产生射频能量的第二射频振荡器。
4.如权利要求3所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述第一射频振荡器与所述隔离变压器电通信。
5.如权利要求4所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述检测电路包括被设置在所述第一射频振荡器与所述隔离变压器之间的电流感测电阻器，所述电流感测电阻器被配置成测量跨所述隔离变压器的电流变化。
6.如权利要求5所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，电流感测电阻器与差分放大器通信。
7.如权利要求6所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述差分放大器与Sallen key滤波器通信。
8.如权利要求1所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述多个预定的能量阈值包括至少四个预定的能量阈值，且其中，所述四个预定的能量阈值中的每一个包括12位ADC值。
9.如权利要求1所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述电阻梯包括三个电阻器。
10.一种电外科单元，包括
射频发生器，所述射频发生器被配置成产生电外科能量，所述射频发生器包括检测电路，所述检测电路具有：
多个手指开关导体，所述多个手指开关导体中的每一个被配置成与电外科手持件上的对应的手指开关电通信，每个手指开关具有打开位置与闭合位置；
所述多个手指开关导体中的每一个包括至少一个电阻器，在所述多个手指开关导体中的每一个中的所述至少一个电阻器共同限定电阻梯；
与所述多个手指开关导体以及所述电阻梯电通信的隔离变压器；并且
当对应的手指开关中的任意一个手指开关被置于闭合位置时，所述检测电路被配置成检测跨所述隔离变压器的阻抗变化。
11.如权利要求10所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述检测电路进一步被配置成将所述阻抗变化与多个预定的能量阈值中的一个进行关联。
12.如权利要求10所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述电外科手持件包括三个手指开关，且其中，所述三个手指开关中的第一个手指开关被配置成发信号通知所述射频发生器递送被配置成切除组织的射频波形，且其中，所述三个手指开关中的第二个手指开关被配置成发信号通知所述射频发生器递送被配置成凝结组织的射频波形，且其中所述三个手指开关中的第三个手指开关被配置成发信号通知所述射频发生器递送被配置成凝结组织以及被配置成发起盐水的递送的射频波形。
13.如权利要求10所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述电阻梯中的每一个电阻器是电耦合到对应的手指开关导体的负载电阻器。
14.如权利要求13所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述电阻梯中的每个电阻器具有与所述电阻梯中的任意其他电阻器不同的电阻。
15.如权利要求10所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述检测电路进一步包括被配置成以第一频率产生射频能量的第一射频振荡器，且其中，所述射频发生器包括被配置成以大于所述第一频率的第二频率产生射频能量的第二射频振荡器。
16.如权利要求15所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述第一射频振荡器与所述隔离变压器电通信。
17.如权利要求16所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述检测电路包括被设置在所述第一射频振荡器与所述隔离变压器之间的电流感测电阻器，所述电流感测电阻器被配置成测量跨所述隔离变压器的电流变化。
18.如权利要求17所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，电流感测电阻器与差分放大器通信。
19.如权利要求11所述的电外科单元，其特征在于，所述多个预定的能量阈值包括至少四个预定的能量阈值，且其中，所述四个预定的能量阈值中的每一个包括12位ADC值。
20.一种电外科单元，包括：
射频发生器，所述射频发生器被配置成产生电外科能量，所述射频发生器包括检测电路，所述检测电路具有：
三个手指开关导体，所述三个手指开关导体中的每一个被配置成与电外科手持件上的对应的手指开关电通信，每个手指开关具有打开位置与闭合位置；
所述三个手指开关导体中的每一个包括至少一个负载电阻器，所述多个手指开关导体中的每一个中的所述至少一个负载电阻器共同限定电阻梯并具有与任何其他负载电阻器不同的电阻；
隔离变压器，所述隔离变压器与所述三个手指开关导体以及所述电阻梯电通信；
第一射频振荡器，所述第一射频振荡器被配置成以第一频率产生射频能量，且其中，所述射频发生器包括被配置成以大于所述第一频率的第二频率产生射频能量的第二射频振荡器；
电流感测电阻器，所述电流感测电阻器被设置在所述第一射频振荡器与所述隔离变压器之间，所述电流感测电阻器被配置成测量跨所述隔离变压器的电流变化；
差分放大器，所述差分放大器与所述电流感测电阻器通信；以及
Sallen key滤波器，所述Sallen key滤波器与所述差分放大器通信；并且
所述检测电路被配置成在对应的手指开关中的任一个被置于闭合位置时检测跨所述隔离变压器的阻抗变化，并被配置成将所述阻抗变化与多个预定的能量阈值中的一个进行关联，所述多个预定的能量阈值包括至少四个预定的能量阈值，并且其中所述四个预定的能量阈值中的每一个包括12位ADC值。
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