CN107110668B - 感应式定位确定 - Google Patents

感应式定位确定 Download PDF

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CN107110668B
CN107110668B CN201580072925.XA CN201580072925A CN107110668B CN 107110668 B CN107110668 B CN 107110668B CN 201580072925 A CN201580072925 A CN 201580072925A CN 107110668 B CN107110668 B CN 107110668B
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positioning element
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阿乔伊·帕利特
约阿希姆·德根
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    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G01D5/2006Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils
    • G01D5/2013Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils by a movable ferromagnetic element, e.g. a core
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    • G01B7/003Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring position, not involving coordinate determination
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G01D5/2006Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils
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    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G01D5/22Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature differentially influencing two coils
    • G01D5/2208Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature differentially influencing two coils by influencing the self-induction of the coils
    • G01D5/2216Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature differentially influencing two coils by influencing the self-induction of the coils by a movable ferromagnetic element, e.g. a core

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Abstract

用于感应式定位确定的设备包括线圈、定位元件、用于确定线圈的电感的扫描装置以及用于基于所确定的电感来确定定位元件相对于线圈的定位的评估装置。在此,定位元件包括铁磁性电绝缘材料。

Description

感应式定位确定
技术领域
本发明涉及一种感应式定位确定。本发明尤其涉及机动车车载装置的相对定位的确定。
背景技术
在机动车上设置有用于影响变速器中挂入的挡级的选择杆。选择杆可以由驾驶员带入不同的定位,其中,选择杆可以在滑槽中引导。在这种情况下,扫描选择杆的定位并且以电或者电子方式对其进行处理。然后,控制装置可以基于通过选择杆的定位表达出的驾驶员意愿来控制变速器。
选择杆的定位可以通过如下方式来扫描,即,在控制台上安置一系列线圈并且在能相对于控制台移动的选择杆上安置能导电的阻尼元件。阻尼元件离线圈越近,则通过阻尼元件使该线圈的电感减小得越多。阻尼元件通常由能良好传导的材料,例如铜、铝或黄铜构成。
DE 20 2004 019 489 U1给出一种感应式传感器单元,它根据该原理工作。然而,对于该测量方法,通常必须使用相对较大的电感。如果要将线圈实施为印刷电路,为此往往要使用多个层,制造它们是高成本的。此外,必须以高精度制造线圈并随后进行测试,由此会在生产中产生额外的成本。此外,这种类型的定位测量可能需要多级的电子放大并且还可能需要倒相级。
发明内容
本发明的任务是,提供一种改善的用于感应式定位确定的设备。本发明通过具有独立权利要求的特征的设备解决该任务。从属权利要求呈现优选的实施方案。
用于感应式定位确定的设备包括线圈、定位元件、用于确定线圈的电感的扫描装置以及用于基于所确定的电感来确定定位元件相对于线圈的定位的评估装置。在这种情况下,该定位元件包括铁磁性电绝缘材料。
与通常的设施(在其中,定位元件包括能导电的金属并且由于形成涡流而减小了线圈的电感)不同的是,铁磁性电绝缘材料可以提高线圈的电感。由此,可以提高有效信号并增大信噪比(SNR)。可以不需要对有效信号的多级放大。通过增大电感,线圈的基本电感
Figure BDA0001345715940000021
可以在没有定位元件影响的情况下相对较小。线圈因此可以具有减小的尺寸。线圈的电感通常通过借助电频率激励线圈来确定。该频率可以明显比在具有金属定位元件的已知设施的情况下更低。该频率可以例如为大约12MHz并因此比在已知的设施的情况下低多个数量级。用于提供该频率的电路和评估装置可以由于被减小的频率而更简单地或者以成本更加低廉的构件来实施。用于将线圈与该频率联系起来的电路元件通常可以是成本更加低廉的。该设备的电磁相容性同样可以得以改善。
通过定位元件实现电感提高可以比通过金属定位元件实现阻尼更简明有效,从而可以将用于感应式定位确定的设备的元件的公差选择得更大。由此可以使用成本更加低廉的部件并且可以省去制造过程中对设备的检查或者校正。
优选地,定位元件具有大于150的相对导磁率。如果材料的相对导磁率超过1,那么其被称之为铁磁原料。铁磁原料的相对导磁率通常在4至15000范围内。大于150的相对导磁率可以确保在定位元件接近的情况下线圈的感应的增强得到充分增强,以产生可靠的测量信号。
还优选的是,定位元件具有小于10-6S/m的电导率。该边界值对应于对不具有导电能力或者具有基本上微不足道的导电能力的非导体的一般定义。替选地,可以使用其它定义。
线圈优选地构造为单层扁平线圈。尤其是,线圈可以构造为印制电路板上或者其它载体材料上的印刷电路。通过单层的实施方案,可以省去例如在多层扁平线圈的阻抗测量时的测量和检验成本。在另一实施方案中,线圈也可以实施为多层扁平线圈,尤其是实施为印制电路板或者类似载体材料的不同外层上的双层扁平线圈。在多层扁平线圈的情况下,可以减少匝数或者使用更粗糙的结构。由此可以降低线圈的制造成本。
在特别优选的实施方案中,设置有至少两个线圈,其中,定位元件在预定的轨迹上能相对于线圈运动并且评估装置被设立成用于基于其中多个线圈的电感来确定定位元件在该轨迹上的定位。线圈可以例如在一个面上直接并排地安置,其中,轨迹尽可能紧靠线圈的中点地沿着它们延伸。定位元件因此可以在依次紧靠的线圈中的每个线圈旁边被引导。通过使用多个线圈可以确定相邻线圈的电感,从而以小于相邻线圈的线圈中点的间距的分辨率来确定定位元件的定位。换言之,如果定位元件占据影响多于一个线圈的电感的定位,那么可以更精确地确定该定位元件的定位。尤其是可以更精确地确定定位元件在如下两点之间的定位,在这两点上定位元件最大程度地接近相邻的线圈。
定位元件可以在轨迹的方向上至少在端部变细。如果确定了定位元件在轨迹方向上的长度,那么定位元件可以在端部变细,尤其是变尖。定位元件的未变尖的底面可以对应于线圈的底面。在这种情况下,线圈尤其可以具有矩形的或者正方形的、面对定位元件的表面。如果定位元件位于线圈正上方,那么通过定位元件的较细的突起可以影响相邻的线圈,正好使得它的测量信号可以有助于定位元件的改善的定位确定。尤其是在对定位元件的定位进行内插的情况下,即在定位的分辨率比两个相邻线圈之间的间距更精密的情况下,变细的端部可以起到支持作用。
此外,定位元件在轨迹方向上可以为两个相邻线圈的间距的两倍那么长。在该实施方案中,特别优选的是定位元件在两个端部上如上所述那样变细。由此,通过定位元件可以影响最多三个并排的线圈,并因此为了定位确定产生能评估的信号。
定位元件的宽度优选地对应于线圈的宽度。在一种实施方案中,在线圈上安置有铁磁性电绝缘元件。该元件可以有助于提高线圈的基本电感,从而可以提供进一步改善的测量信号。所述元件可以例如安置在线圈的表面上,使得线圈受到保护以免与定位元件电接触。定位元件与线圈的竖直间距可以通过电绝缘元件规定。
评估装置可以被设立成用于基于电感借助预定的特性曲线来确定定位。线圈的电感和定位元件的间距或者相对定位之间的关系通常是非线性的,并且通常以公式的方式也只能很差地近似。但是该关系可以以实验方式记录并且以特性曲线的形式存储。在多个线圈的情况下,也可以使用特性曲线族,它基于两个或多个电感描绘定位。
评估装置可以被设立成用于基于线圈的电感变化来确定定位,该电感变化依赖于定位元件的定位。由此,不再必须确定线圈的绝对电感。
附图说明
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明,其中:
图1示出用于感应式定位检测的设备的框图;
图2示出依赖于定位元件的定位的线圈电感;
图3示出用于图1的设备的定位元件和线圈的不同实施方案;
图4示出用于图1的设备的多个线圈的设施;
图5示出在一些图4所示线圈上的与图2类似的视图;
图6示出用于图1的设备的线圈的非扁平的设施;
图7示出用于图1的设备的线圈的旋转对称的设施。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于感应式定位检测的设备100的框图。设备100可以例如用于在机动车上确定用于自动变速器的选择杆的定位、能调整的座椅的定位、能调整的外后视镜的定位或者能运动的油门踏板的定位。同样也可以进行尤其是在机动车上的其他的定位检测。
设备100包括线圈105、定位元件110、扫描装置115和评估装置120。线圈105可以以任何方式实施,但是优选实施为单层或者多层扁平线圈。线圈105尤其可以由能高传导的材料制造,例如银、铜、铝或者金,其中,该材料可以作为膏体挤压、蚀刻或者粘贴。定位元件110以能相对于线圈105移动的方式安置,其中,定位元件110的可运动性可以局限于沿着预定的轨迹130。轨迹130优选地通过线圈105的中点或者纵轴线以及定位元件110的相应的中点延伸。定位元件110优选扁平地构造,并且以如下方式成形,使得当定位元件110在轨迹130上最大程度地接近线圈105时其轮廓覆盖线圈105的表面。定位元件110的长度l沿着轨迹130延展并且宽度b与其垂直。沿着线圈105的纵轴线的厚度d优选为至少十分之几毫米。厚度d越大,那么当将定位元件110引入线圈105的区域中时,线圈105的感应就被越强烈地增大。优选地,定位元件110的厚度d处在约0.5mm至3.5mm范围内,进一步优选在1mm和2mm之间。
定位元件110包括铁磁性电绝缘材料,例如镍锌铁氧体、锰锌铁氧体或者其他高导磁性、差导电能力很差的材料。它们可以例如以Laird-Technologies(莱尔德科技)公司的名称为MP 1040-200、MP 1040-100或者Würth-Elektronik(伍尔特电子)公司的出自WE-FSFS-354材料组的名称为WE354006来获得。这些材料尤其适合于13.56MHz RFID转发器的屏蔽。材料WE354006例如在长和宽各自为60mm并且厚度为0.3mm的块状的情况下在13.56MHz的情况下具有μ‘=150、μ“=90的复数磁导率,其中,相对磁导率定义为μr=μ‘-jμ“或者
Figure BDA0001345715940000061
在这种情况下,B定义为铁氧体材料中的磁通密度并且B0定义为空气或者真空中的磁通密度。
铁氧体材料的厚度影响定位识别的精度。具体地说,测量线圈的电感随着定位元件的厚度增加而显著增加。例如,在具有与定位元件0.3mm的相对间距的单层线圈的情况下(该定位元件由Würth材料WE354006制造并具有11mm的长度、5.5mm的宽度和0.3mm的厚度)可以获得百分之四十的电感升高。较薄的材料例如Würth材料WE354004和WE354005在与WE354006材料特性相同但是具有0.1mm或者0.2mm的较小厚度的情况下具有对测量线圈的电感明显更小的影响。
将该材料选择成使得线圈105在电磁交变场中的磁滞损耗明显小于线圈105的电感的增强效应,因此当定位元件110接近线圈105时出现明显的增强效应。用于定位元件110的已知材料可以在直至15MHz以及更大的频率情况下使用。
扫描装置115被设立成用于以电信号激励线圈105,尤其是以恒定频率的周期信号,优选方波或者正弦波。为了确定线圈105的电感,评估装置120可以例如包括欧姆电感的分压器。扫描装置115为评估装置120提供信号,该信号依赖于线圈105的电感或者依赖于由于定位元件110的接近导致的线圈105的电感变化。评估装置120可以模拟式或数字式地实施。在一种实施方案中,评估装置120借助存储器中存储的特性曲线来确定定位元件110相对于线圈105的定位。特性曲线可以例如通过实验方式记录。通过可选的接口135,评估装置120可以提供定位元件110的定位。
图2示出线圈105的电感,其依赖于定位元件在图1的设备上的定位。在水平方向上以毫米为单位绘出定位元件110沿着轨迹130的定位,在竖直方向上以nH为单位绘出作为对定位元件110的定位的响应的线圈105的电感变化。在这里,使用的数量级和曲线形式应当视为纯粹示例性的。
第一特性曲线205示出了在定位元件110接近的情况下线圈105的电感的提高。为了比较,第二特性曲线210示出了在使用能导电的定位元件110的类似情况下线圈105的电感的衰减。特性曲线205不仅示出了在定位元件110最大程度地接近线圈105的情况下与第二特性曲线210相比更强的变化,而且还示出了更宽的形状,这可以有利地用于更精确地确定定位。
在具有厚度d为1.91mm、与线圈105的竖直间距为0.3mm、相对磁导率大于150的定位元件110的根据图1的设备100上,确定了线圈105的电感的所示的约48%的最大增强。在这种情况下,定位元件110具有5.5mm的宽度b、11mm的长度l并由材料MP 1040-200构成。线圈105具有5.45mm的直径并实施为具有九匝的扁平线圈。长度和宽度相同的、由材料MP1040-100构成的并具有1.27mm的不同厚度d的定位元件110导致线圈105的电感的约44%的增强。
图3示出线圈105和定位元件110在图1的设备100上的布置的不同实施方案。
图3a示出印制电路板305表面上的实施为扁平线圈的线圈105。印制电路板305可以例如由陶瓷、玻璃、聚酰亚胺、FR4或者其他合适的载体材料制造。替选地,线圈105也可以施装(例如通过粘贴)到存在于测量设施上的元件的表面上。在线圈105上方预定的高度h上布置有定位元件110。优选地,当定位元件110改变其相对于线圈105的定位时,高度h得以保持。轨迹130在定位元件110上方用符号表示。
图3b示出类似的实施方案,但是在其中在线圈105的区域中附加地设置了铁磁性电绝缘元件310。优选地,元件310位于线圈105和定位元件110之间,使得定位元件110也可以抵靠在元件310的表面上。作为替代或者补充,铁磁性电绝缘元件310例如也可以安置在背对线圈105的印制电路板305的下侧上。
图3c示出具有两个定位元件110的实施方案,这两个定位元件布置在线圈105的不同的竖直侧上并以合适的方式彼此机械连接。由此可以增大线圈105的电感取决于定位元件110的定位的影响。
图3d示出类似的实施方案,在其中定位元件110在一侧包围印制电路板305和线圈105。
图3e示出一种实施方案,在其中定位元件110在两侧包围印制电路板305和线圈105。
图4示出用于图1的设备100的多个线圈105的布置。在水平方向上示出了示例性的定位刻度,它涉及中间线圈105(由定位元件110覆盖)的中点。线圈105沿着轨迹130均匀布置并且具有基本上相等的表面。
定位元件110包括中间段,该中间段具有线圈105的表面的形状(在该示例中为矩形),并优选地沿着轨迹130在两侧进一步延展成变细的突起。这些突起优选是三角形的,并且定位元件110沿着轨迹130的总长度l优选是两个相邻线圈105的间距的两倍那么大。换言之,定位元件110具有菱形形状,该菱形沿着轨迹130延展至在不同侧上与完全被覆盖的线圈105相邻的线圈105的纵轴线。通过使用多个尤其是彼此毗邻的线圈105,可以基于线圈105的感应更好地确定定位元件110的定位。可以使用所示的具有变尖的端部的形状的定位元件110,以确保不仅离定位元件110最近的线圈105而且相邻的线圈105在电感方面均以能测量的方式受到定位元件110的影响。
图5示出在图1的布置的三个彼此相邻的线圈105上与图2类似的图示。在水平方向上示出定位元件110相对于图4中所示的轨迹130的定位,在竖直方向上示出图4中中间的线圈105的电感和与之左右相邻的线圈105的电感。所示的电感值应当理解为示例性的。所示的电感405、410和415所基于的定位元件110具有图4中所示的菱形形状。可以看出,如果考虑多个相邻线圈105的电感,可以以小于两个相邻线圈105的距离的更小的分辨率来确定定位元件110的定位。各个线圈105的电感可以例如通过多路复用确定,即通过线圈105与扫描装置115的顺序连接。
图6示出用于图1的设备100的线圈105的非扁平的布置。例如,图3a的实施方案可以沿着一个曲线或者面弯曲。轨迹130优选地通过所有线圈105的纵轴线延伸,并且进一步优选地处在相对于线圈105或者印制电路板305的相同的高度上。
图7示出用于图1的设备的线圈105的旋转对称的布置。采用该布置可以确定定位元件110围绕旋转轴线705的旋转定位。
附图标记
100 设备
105 线圈
110 定位元件
115 扫描装置
120 评估装置
130 轨迹
135 接口
205 第一特性曲线
210 第二特性曲线
305 印制电路板
310 铁磁性电绝缘元件
405 第一电感
410 第二电感
415 第三电感
705 旋转轴线

Claims (10)

1.用于感应式定位确定的设备(100),所述设备包括:
-线圈(105);
-定位元件(110);
-用于确定所述线圈(105)的电感的扫描装置(115);
-用于基于所确定的电感来确定所述定位元件(110)相对于所述线圈(105)的定位的评估装置(120),
其特征在于,
-所述定位元件(110)包括铁磁性电绝缘材料,并且
-在所述线圈(105)上安置有铁磁性电绝缘元件(310),所述铁磁性电绝缘元件处在所述定位元件(110)与所述线圈(105)之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备(100),其中,所述定位元件(110)具有大于150的相对导磁率。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备(100),其中,所述定位元件(110)具有小于10-6S/m的电导率。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备(100),其中,所述线圈(105)为单层扁平线圈(105)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备(100),其中,
-设置有至少两个线圈(105);
-所述定位元件(110)在预定的轨迹(130)上能相对于所述线圈(105)运动;
-所述评估装置(120)被设立成用于基于所述线圈(105)的电感来确定所述定位元件(110)在所述轨迹(130)上的定位。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备(100),其中,所述定位元件(110)在所述轨迹(130)的方向上至少在端部变细。
7.根据权利要求5所述的设备(100),其中,所述定位元件(110)在所述轨迹(130)方向上为两个相邻线圈(105)的间距的两倍那么长。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备(100),其中,所述定位元件(110)的宽度大致对应于所述线圈(105)的宽度。
9.根据权利要求1所述的设备(100),其中,所述评估装置(120)被设立成用于基于电感而借助预定的特性曲线(205、410、415、420)来确定定位。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备(100),其中,所述评估装置(120)被设立成用于基于所述线圈(105)的依赖于所述定位元件(110)的定位而产生的电感变化来确定定位。
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