CN107102311B - Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar rotary reflection wavefront transformation scanning means - Google Patents
Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar rotary reflection wavefront transformation scanning means Download PDFInfo
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- CN107102311B CN107102311B CN201710272203.XA CN201710272203A CN107102311B CN 107102311 B CN107102311 B CN 107102311B CN 201710272203 A CN201710272203 A CN 201710272203A CN 107102311 B CN107102311 B CN 107102311B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S17/90—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
- Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar rotary reflection wavefront transformation scanning means, it is placed between laser light source and transmitting primary mirror, by rotating there is the straight rail of the rotating mirror generation incident beam at certain inclination angle to scan to cross rail to wavefront transformation, by cylindrical mirror to straight rail to wavefront transformation, and the conversion of light polarization is carried out using wave plate, finally synthesize the scanning transmitting corrugated of two coaxial polarized orthogonals, target face is imaged directly to using transmitting optical main mirror, realize that the target cross rail needed for one-dimensional distance is differentiated synthesizes required straight rail to phase quadratic term course to phase-modulation and one-dimensional aperture.Structural advantages of the invention be it is compact-sized, it is simple and reliable, can high speed rotation, with high-repetition-rate application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the laser transmitting system of Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar, especially a kind of direct-view synthesizes hole
Diameter laser imaging radar rotary reflection wavefront transformation scanning means.
Background technique
The principle of synthetic aperture laser imaging radar takes from the theory of SAR of RF application, and being can be remote
Distance obtains unique optical imagery Observations Means of centimetres imaging resolution.Traditional synthetic aperture laser imaging radar
All it is to carry out light wave transmitting and data receiver under conditions of side view, is received using optical heterodyne, by atmospheric perturbation, motion platform
The influences such as vibration, target speckle and laser radar system phase change itself are very big, also require the initial phase of beat signal tight
Lattice are synchronous and need to be delayed over long distances to control the variation of phase, are highly difficult in actual application.It has sent out at present
Novel Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar is opened up, the basic principle is that projecting two to target using wavefront transform principle
Coaxial with one heart and the light beam of polarized orthogonal and to carry out autodyne reception, which makes in cross rail to carrying out spatial linear phase
Modulation resolution imaging in position is imaged in straight rail to the matched filtering of quadratic phase course is carried out.Wherein, the movement side of radar carrying platform
It is cross rail direction to the orthogonal direction for straight rail direction, straight rail.
Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar described in first technology [1]-[5], atmosphere, fortune can be eliminated automatically by having
The phase change and interference that moving platform, optical detection and ranging system and speckle generate, allow to be not required to using low-quality receiving optics
Optical time delay line is wanted, without carrying out real-time beat signal Phase synchronization, shadow-free is imaged, can be used various with single mode and list
The features such as laser of frequency property, while the complex demodulation of use space light bridge realization phase, electronic equipment is simple.But
The emission system scheme that above-mentioned Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar proposes substantially uses two beam deflectors or column
Face mirror two light beams are scanned obtain cross rail to linear phase modulation, the round-trip deflection of deflector and the round-trip of cylindrical mirror are put down
Dynamic scanning is required to constantly repeatedly accelerate and slow down, and service life is short, repetitive rate is low, while the corrugated of entire transmitting light beam
Converter it is bulky, transmission loss is big, and the vibration of airborne platform influences big, is unfavorable on the high speeds carrying platform such as airborne
Using.
Here is prior art references:
[1] Liu Liren, Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar, publication number: CN102435996
[2] Liu Liren, Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar separate type wavefront transformation sweeping device, publication number:
CN103344952
[3] Liu Liren, the Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transmitting direct wavefront transformation of light beam sweep device, publication number:
CN103245939
[4] Lu Zhiyong, duty Asia nanmu, Zhou Yu, Sun Jianfeng, Liu Liren, Ma little Ping, Sun Zhiwei, wide vertically hung scroll look at synthetic aperture straight
Laser imaging radar, publication number: CN103163532
[5] Lu Zhiyong, duty Asia nanmu, Sun Jianfeng, Zhou Yu, Liu Liren, Michaelson look at bore diameter laser straight and thunder are imaged
Up to transmitter, publication number: CN103293524
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the difficulties of the above-mentioned prior art, and it is sharp to provide a kind of direct-view synthetic aperture
Light imaging radar emits Beam rotation and reflects wavefront transformation scanning means, which uses symmetrical structure, so that two light beams
Pass through aplanatic optical element, then by rotation have certain inclination angle reflecting mirror generate incident beam straight rail to and hand over
Rail is to wavefront transformation and scanning is become, and by cylindrical mirror only to straight rail to wavefront transformation, and carries out light polarization using wave plate
Conversion finally synthesizes the scanning transmitting corrugated of two coaxial polarized orthogonals, images directly to target by emitting optical main mirror
Face realizes that the target cross rail needed for one-dimensional distance is differentiated synthesizes required straight rail to phase to sinusoidal phase modulation and one-dimensional aperture
Quadratic term course.
Technical solution of the invention is as follows:
A kind of Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transmitting Beam rotation reflection wavefront transformation scanning means, constitutes packet
Include the first polarization beam apparatus, the first quarter wave plate, the first reflecting mirror, the second quarter wave plate, the first cylindrical mirror, rotating mirror, 1/2
Wave plate, the second polarization beam apparatus, third quarter wave plate, the second cylindrical mirror, the 4th quarter wave plate, the second reflecting mirror, rotating electric machine；Institute
The rotating mirror connection rotating electric machine stated is with certain inclination angle repeatedly high speed rotation, first cylindrical mirror and the second column
The radius of curvature of face mirror is different, and the modulation corrugated of first cylindrical mirror and the second cylindrical mirror is straight rail to 1/2 wave
45 ° of main shaft placements of piece, the positional relationship of above-mentioned component are as follows:
The light beam of laser light source output is spatially divided by polarization after first passing around first polarization beam apparatus
Solution is the horizontal polarization light beam and vertical polarization light beam of two equicohesive polarized orthogonals, and the polarization by reflection light beam is vertical
Light beam, the light beam of transmission are horizontal polarization light beam, and the vertical polarization light beam of reflection passes through the first quarter wave plate and first
After reflecting mirror, the first quarter wave plate is again introduced by the reflection of the first reflecting mirror, vertical polarization light beam polarization state at this moment rotates 90 °
It is transmitted light beam when becoming horizontal polarization light beam, therefore entering the first polarization beam apparatus for second, then the level of the transmission is inclined
The light beam that shakes passes through the second quarter wave plate and the first cylindrical mirror, then is again returned to by the rotating mirror reflection of high speed by the first column
Face mirror and the second quarter wave plate, horizontal polarization light beam at this moment become vertical polarization light beam again again, are then again introduced into first partially
The beam splitter reflection that shakes enters 1/2 wave plate, and polarization state at this moment becomes horizontal state of polarization again, and enters the second polarization beam apparatus and transmit
Outgoing；First polarization beam apparatus is spatially decomposed into the level in two equicohesive polarized orthogonal light beams by polarization
Light beam, which is directly transmitted through 1/2 wave plate and retrodeviates polarization state, becomes perpendicular polarisation state, by the second polarization beam apparatus back reflection into
Enter the reflecting mirror that third quarter wave plate and the second cylindrical mirror reach rotation, the rotating mirror reflection, which returns, is again introduced into the
Two cylindrical mirrors and third quarter wave plate, polarization state at this moment, which is rotated by 90 °, becomes horizontal polarization light beam, into the second polarization beam apparatus
It is transmitted through the 4th quarter wave plate and the second reflecting mirror, the 4th quarter wave plate is again introduced by the reflection of the second reflecting mirror, is at this moment polarized
State becomes perpendicular polarisation state, is reflected by the second polarization beam apparatus, the vertical polarization light beam of the reflection and the horizontal polarization light of transmission
Beam reconfigure for it is coaxial with one heart and the light beam of polarized orthogonal, homed on its target is sent out by the transmitter-telescope primary mirror.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following technical effect that
1, the present invention carries out polarization beam splitting to transmitting light wave using symmetrical structure and closes beam, using the same rotating mirror
Phase-modulation is carried out to two-way corrugated, carries out quadratic phase tune to corrugated phase using straight rail of the cylindrical mirror to two light beams
System so that cross rail to rotary scanning automatic synchronization, two light beams experience equivalent optical path, have smaller corrugated phase error,
And integral device is simpler compact, anti-vibration, the complexity for reducing emission system, convenient for control.
2, sinusoidal phase modulation is carried out to two-way light beam using rotating mirror, the high speed rotation of high-repetition-rate may be implemented
Scanning.
3, rotating moving part of the invention is separated with fixed optical element, therefore can be abutted to fixing optical element
Solidified together, has many advantages, such as firm component, compact, light-weight, especially suitable for the high speed such as airborne or spaceborne
The carrying platform of movement.
4, reflection wavefront transformation scanner device of the invention can not change overall structure and be inclined using simple replacement difference
The rotating mirror at angle can change running performance parameters.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transmitting Beam rotation reflection wavefront transformation scanning means knot of the present invention
Composition.
Fig. 2 is in Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transmitting Beam rotation reflection wavefront transformation scanning means of the present invention
Rotating mirror structural schematic diagram
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, but protection model of the invention should not be limited with this
It encloses.
Referring initially to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is that Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar of the present invention emits Beam rotation reflection wavefront transformation
Scanning means structure chart.As seen from the figure, Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transmitting Beam rotation reflection of the present invention corrugated becomes
Scanning means is changed by the first polarization beam apparatus 1, the first quarter wave plate 2, the first reflecting mirror 3, the second quarter wave plate 4, the first cylindrical mirror
5, rotating mirror 6,1/2 wave plate 7, the second polarization beam apparatus 8, third quarter wave plate 9, the second cylindrical mirror 10, the 4th quarter wave plate
11, the second reflecting mirror 12, rotating electric machine 13；The rotating mirror 6 couples rotating electric machine 13 with certain inclination angle repeatedly
The radius of curvature of high speed rotation, first cylindrical mirror 5 and the second cylindrical mirror 10 is different, first cylindrical mirror 5 and the
The modulation corrugated of two cylindrical mirrors 10 is straight rail to 45 ° of main shaft placements of 1/2 wave plate 7, the positional relationship of above-mentioned component is such as
Under:
The light beam of laser light source output is spatially divided by polarization after first passing around first polarization beam apparatus 1
Solution is the horizontal polarization light beam and vertical polarization light beam of two equicohesive polarized orthogonals, and the polarization by reflection light beam is vertical
Light beam, the light beam of transmission are horizontal polarization light beam, and the vertical polarization light beam of reflection is by the first quarter wave plate 2 and the
After one reflecting mirror 3, the first quarter wave plate 2 is again introduced by the reflection of the first reflecting mirror 3, vertical polarization light beam polarization state at this moment turns
Dynamic 90 ° become horizontal polarization light beam, therefore while entering the first polarization beam apparatus 1 for second is transmitted light beam, then the transmission
Horizontal polarization light beam pass through the second quarter wave plate 4 and the first cylindrical mirror 5, then by high speed rotating mirror 6 reflection again return to through
The first cylindrical mirror 5 and the second quarter wave plate 4 are crossed, horizontal polarization light beam at this moment becomes vertical polarization light beam again again, then again
It is reflected into 1/2 wave plate 7 into the first polarization beam apparatus 1, polarization state at this moment becomes horizontal state of polarization again, and enters second partially
The transmission of beam splitter 8 of shaking is emitted；First polarization beam apparatus 1 is spatially being decomposed into two equicohesive polarizations just by polarization
Handing over the horizontal polarization light beam in light beam to be directly transmitted through 1/2 wave plate 7 and retrodeviate polarization state becomes perpendicular polarisation state, by the second polarization
8 back reflection of beam splitter enters third quarter wave plate 9 and the second cylindrical mirror 10 reaches the reflecting mirror 6 of rotation, the rotating mirror
6 reflections, which return, is again introduced into the second cylindrical mirror 10 and third quarter wave plate 9, and polarization state at this moment, which is rotated by 90 °, becomes horizontal polarization light
Beam is transmitted through the 4th quarter wave plate 11 and the second reflecting mirror 12 into the second polarization beam apparatus 8, is reflected by the second reflecting mirror 12
It is again introduced into the 4th quarter wave plate 11, at this moment polarization state becomes perpendicular polarisation state, it is reflected by the second polarization beam apparatus 8, the reflection
Vertical polarization light beam and the horizontal polarization light beam of transmission reconfigure as coaxial concentric and polarized orthogonal light beam, by the hair
Penetrate telescope primary mirror hair homed on its target.
Setting Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar has following condition:
Paper vertical direction shown in FIG. 1 is vertical polarization, is horizontal polarization direction in paper；Paper is vertical simultaneously
Direction is straight rail direction and is defined as y-axis, and perpendicular to straight rail direction and beam propagation axial direction is to hand in paper
Rail direction and it is defined as x-axis；6 horizontal direction of rotating mirror shown in Fig. 2 is y-axis, is straight down z-axis, rotary reflection
Mirror is from the horizontal by θpAngle.
It is with reference to light path, the light path in the different directions y with rotation center in rotating mirror 6 are as follows:
L=2y tan θp
Simultaneously as rotating mirror 6 is rotated around z-axis, the angle of rotation is θ (t), therefore the variation of coordinate system is
If amplitude of the light beam between cylindrical mirror 5 and rotating mirror 6 isThe laser wave used
A length of λ, the field strength of two light beams are E, and the focal length of the first cylindrical mirror 5 is fy, the focal length of the second cylindrical mirror 10 is-fy, and two light
Rotation center of the center of beam from rotating mirror 6 is respectively S1And S2, then two polarized orthogonal light beams light path caused by rotating divides
Not are as follows:
l1(x, y)=2tan θp[x sinθ(t)+y cosθ(t)-S1sinθ(t)]
l2(x, y)=2tan θp[-x sinθ(t)+y cosθ(t)+S2sinθ(t)]
The phase change as caused by the first cylindrical mirror 5 and the second cylindrical mirror 10 is respectivelyWith
Therefore transmitting primary mirror focal plane on (i.e. 6 position of rotating mirror) left channel horizontal polarization light beam multiple field strength and
The multiple field strength of right channel horizontal polarization light beam is respectively as follows:
The focal length for emitting primary mirror is F, and target face is equal to the distance Z of radar, and the propagation of transmitting primary mirror to target face is equivalent to
Fraunhofer diffraction, therefore the inverted image for emitting object on primary mirror front focal plane is generated in target face, amplification factor is imaged in device are as follows:And has phase quadratic term
Required horizontal polarization illumination spot and vertical polarization illumination spot is finally obtained in target face to be respectively as follows:
The public domain of the illumination of two light beams is effective illumination vertically hung scroll, at this point, the space phase of effective lighting hot spot
Potential difference meets:
When the signal of sampling account for sinusoidal cycles it is smaller when, haveWherein, T is sinusoidal sweeps
It retouches the period, Δ θ is the scanning total angle in cycle T, therefore the phase difference of above formula can turn to:
Be obtained in this way cross rail to linear term phase-modulation, straight rail to quadratic term phase history, be to reality
The key signal phase of existing radar two-dimensional surface target imaging, the transmitting corrugated for meeting Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar require.
Imaging resolution is expressed using relevant point spread function minimum value half width, due to illumination spot cross rail to
Angle scanning range is (- k Δ θ, k Δ θ), and k≤0.5 is the possibility design value of beam center deflection, and can be imaged in target face
Effective vertically hung scroll be MDx×MDY, limit of integration be 2k Δ θ, therefore cross rail to resolution ratio are as follows:
Similarly, straight rail to resolution ratio are as follows:
Under normal circumstances, x is designed, the resolution ratio in the direction y is equal, hasReason
The design maximum angle of deflection thought isAs k=0.5,
It can be seen that indicate imaging resolution straight rail to relevant point spread function minimum value half width by interior transmitting light
The relative aperture of field is determined, is increased with operating distance and is increased；And cross rail to relevant point spread function minimum value half width
It is determined by the maximum scan angle and inclination angle of interior transmitting rotating mirror, equally increases with operating distance and increase.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of preferred embodiment, and specific structure and parameter are as follows:
The performance indicator requirement of the present embodiment are as follows: aircraft airborne observation, platform movement velocity are 40m/s；Height of observation Z=
5km, it is desirable that the effective vertically hung scroll width of laser lighting is 50m × 50m, and resolution ratio full duration is to have dx=40mm, dy=40mm.
Wherein transmitting optical maser wavelength uses 1 μm, and the amplitude of interior light field is having a size of 5mm × 5mm, the inclination angle of rotating mirror
It is 20 °, the focus design of transmitter-telescope primary mirror is F=1m, therefore is M=5 × 10 apart from amplification factor3, target face is effective
Illumination spot is having a size of 50m × 50m.It is Δ θ=10 ° that the maximum rotary scanning angle of sampling, which is scanning range, accordingly, imaging point
Resolution is designed as dx=40mm designs x, and the resolution ratio in the direction y is equal, there is dx=dy, then fy=40mm, at this moment the first cylinder
The focal length of mirror 5 and the second cylindrical mirror 10 is f1=40mm, f2=-40mm.Accordingly, it can get the imaging resolution needed for us, have
Imitate vertically hung scroll width, the autodyne reception to Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of Orthoptic synthetic aperture laser imaging radar rotary reflection wavefront transformation scanning means, it is characterised in that including first
Polarization beam apparatus (1), the first quarter wave plate (2), the first reflecting mirror (3), the second quarter wave plate (4), the first cylindrical mirror (5), rotation
Reflecting mirror (6), 1/2 wave plate (7), the second polarization beam apparatus (8), third quarter wave plate (9), the second cylindrical mirror (10), the 4th 1/4
Wave plate (11), the second reflecting mirror (12), rotating electric machine (13)；Rotating mirror (6) connection rotating electric machine (13) is with one
Fixed inclination angle repeatedly high speed rotation, first cylindrical mirror (5) is different with the radius of curvature of the second cylindrical mirror (10), described
The first cylindrical mirror (5) and the second cylindrical mirror (10) modulation corrugated be straight rail to 45 ° of main shaft of 1/2 wave plate (7) are put
It sets, the positional relationship of above-mentioned component is as follows:
The light beam of laser light source output is spatially decomposed by polarization after first passing around first polarization beam apparatus (1)
For the horizontal polarization light beam and vertical polarization light beam of two equicohesive polarized orthogonals, the polarization by reflection light beam is vertical inclined
Shake light beam, and the light beam of transmission is horizontal polarization light beam, and the vertical polarization light beam of reflection is by the first quarter wave plate (2) and the
After one reflecting mirror (3), the first quarter wave plate (2) are again introduced by the first reflecting mirror (3) reflection, vertical polarization light beam at this moment is inclined
Polarization state, which rotates 90 °, becomes horizontal polarization light beam, therefore while entering the first polarization beam apparatus (1) for second is transmitted light beam, then
The horizontal polarization light beam of the transmission passes through the second quarter wave plate (4) and the first cylindrical mirror (5), then the rotating mirror (6) by high speed
Reflection is again returned to by the first cylindrical mirror (5) and the second quarter wave plate (4), and horizontal polarization light beam at this moment becomes again vertical again
Then straight light beam is again introduced into the first polarization beam apparatus (1) and is reflected into 1/2 wave plate (7), polarization state at this moment becomes again
Horizontal state of polarization, and enter the second polarization beam apparatus (8) transmission outgoing；First polarization beam apparatus (1) spatially by
The horizontal polarization light beam that polarization is decomposed into two equicohesive polarized orthogonal light beams is directly transmitted through 1/2 wave plate (7) and retrodeviates
Polarization state becomes perpendicular polarisation state, enters third quarter wave plate (9) and the second cylindrical mirror by the second polarization beam apparatus (8) back reflection
(10) reflecting mirror (6) of rotation is reached, the rotating mirror (6) reflection, which returns, is again introduced into the second cylindrical mirror (10) and the
Three quarter wave plates (9), polarization state at this moment, which is rotated by 90 °, becomes horizontal polarization light beam, transmits and passes through into the second polarization beam apparatus (8)
The 4th quarter wave plate (11) and the second reflecting mirror (12) are crossed, the 4th quarter wave plate is again introduced by the second reflecting mirror (12) reflection
(11), at this moment polarization state becomes perpendicular polarisation state, by the second polarization beam apparatus (8) reflect, the vertical polarization light beam of the reflection with
The horizontal polarization light beam of transmission reconfigure for it is coaxial with one heart and the light beam of polarized orthogonal, emitted from transmitter-telescope primary mirror to mesh
Mark.
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| CN107728130B (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2020-10-16 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Multi-channel wide-amplitude synthetic aperture laser imaging radar transmitting and receiving system |
| CN116366155B (en) * | 2023-06-01 | 2023-09-15 | 南京英田光学工程股份有限公司 | Compact annular vision field satellite laser communication terminal |
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