CN107083670B - 一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,包括步骤1,纤维阻燃改性;步骤2,棉芯阻燃整理;步骤3,包边;步骤4,绗缝。本发明具有以下优点和效果:采用纳米氢氧化镁作为阻燃剂,纳米氢氧化镁吸附在纳米纤维一介孔复合材料上后,再将纳米纤维一介孔复合材料放入到硅溶胶中,硅溶胶在纳米纤维一介孔复合材料上形成一层硅溶胶膜后,形成阻燃纤维,再通过阻燃纤维和棉花经过弹花处理后的到阻燃棉芯,由阻燃棉芯制作而成的阻燃棉被,使用时阻燃剂纳米氢氧化镁不会接触人体,达到了安全无害、阻燃性能优异的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及家用纺织品,特别涉及一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺。
背景技术
随着科技的发展和纺织工业的进步,纺织品品种不断增多,其应用范围和数量大幅度增长,从人们的日常生活到工业、交通运输、军事等诸多领域。随之而来,因纺织品引燃成灾的难题也显得越来越重要。据统计,世界上约20%以上的火灾事故都是由于纺织品燃烧而引起或扩大的,尤其是纺织品着火或者蔓延而酿成的火灾事故比例更大。因此,纺织品的阻燃功能对消除火灾隐患,延缓火势蔓延,从而降低人民生命财产损失极为重要。
纺织品的阻燃研究首先起步于工业发达国家。许多工业发达国家制定了相应的纺织品阻燃标准及测试方法;有些国家还将纺织品阻燃性能标准结合相关的法律强制执行。随着城市现代化建设的发展,旅游、交通运输业的发展,各国工业部门和研究部门竞相进行纺织品阻燃整理技术的研究,以满足阻燃纺织品不断扩大的需求,并且在国际市场上形成激烈的竞争,从而推动了阻燃整理技术的发展。
阻燃纺织品中的阻燃剂在应用过程中也暴露出一系列的问题和缺点,如无机阻燃剂用量大,不耐水洗;卤系阻燃剂在燃烧时产生大量烟雾和有毒气体,并且上述阻燃机大多具有一定毒性,当用于整理棉被时,棉被上的阻燃剂容易接触到人体并且影响人体健康。因此,有必要开发出一种阻燃安全棉被。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,具有阻燃安全棉被使用安全的效果。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,包括步骤1,纤维阻燃改性,称取纳米纤维和介孔材料,加入到水溶液内超声波处理后烘干,获得纳米纤维-介孔复合材料;将纳米纤维-介孔复合材料加入到含有纳米氢氧化镁的水溶液中,浸泡、烘焙后晾干,再加入到硅溶胶内,浸泡后烘干,获得阻燃纤维;步骤2,棉芯阻燃整理,将步骤1获得的阻燃纤维加入到棉花内,弹花后获得阻燃棉芯;步骤3,包边,将被套套在阻燃棉芯上,缝边;步骤4,绗缝,将阻燃棉芯绗缝固定在被套上,获得阻燃安全棉被。
通过采用上述技术方案,纳米纤维是指直径为纳米尺度而长度较大的具有一定长径比的线状材料,介孔材料是指根据国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)的规定,孔径介于2-50nm的一类多孔材料。纳米纤维与介孔材料在水溶液中超声处理后,再烘干,纳米纤维进入到介孔材料的孔道内,与介孔材料相结合,得到纳米纤维-介孔复合材料。
纳米纤维-介孔复合材料加入到含有纳米氢氧化镁的水溶液中,浸泡、烘焙后,纳米氢氧化镁吸附在纳米纤维-介孔复合材料表面。纳米氢氧化镁是一种阻燃剂,受热后生成氧化镁和水,分解过程中吸收大量热量,降低燃烧火焰表面温度,水受热后形成水蒸气,水蒸气扩散到火焰表面不仅可以降低燃烧表面氧气浓度,也能稀释燃烧放出的气体,达到抑烟的作用。生产的氧化镁是一种良好的耐火材料。
再将带有纳米氢氧化镁的纳米纤维-介孔复合材料加入到硅溶胶内,浸泡后烘干,硅溶胶在纳米纤维-介孔复合材料表面形成一层膜,避免阻燃剂纳米氢氧化镁接触人体,也能避免阻燃剂纳米氢氧化镁脱落,使用时安全。
将得到的阻燃纤维和棉花弹花后获得阻燃棉芯,阻燃棉芯套上外套,缝边和绗缝后得到阻燃安全棉被。当阻燃安全棉被着火时,阻燃纤维表面的硅溶胶膜受热破裂后漏出阻燃剂纳米氢氧化镁,阻燃剂裸露出来后起到阻燃作用。
阻燃纤维内的纳米纤维通过介孔材料相互连接形成三维网状结构,起到支撑骨架的作用。当阻燃安全棉被着火时,能够对形状起到支撑作用,避免棉芯收缩和卷曲加快火焰的蔓延,提高阻燃安全棉被的阻燃性能,达到了阻燃安全棉被使用安全、阻燃性能好的效果
本发明的进一步设置为:所述纳米纤维为纳米聚丙烯腈纤维、纳米聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯纤维、纳米聚酰胺纤维、纳米醋酯纤维素纤维中的一种。
通过采用上述技术方案,纳米聚丙烯腈纤维、纳米聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯纤维、纳米聚酰胺纤维、纳米醋酯纤维素纤维为常见的纳米纤维。
本发明的进一步设置为:所述介孔材料为硅系介孔材料。
通过采用上述技术方案,硅系介孔材料孔径分布狭窄,孔道结构规则。
本发明的进一步设置为:步骤1,纤维阻燃改性,称取纳米纤维和介孔材料,加入到水溶液内超声波处理后烘干,获得纳米纤维-介孔复合材料;将纳米纤维-介孔复合材料加入到含有纳米氢氧化镁的水溶液中,浸泡、烘焙后晾干,再加入到硅溶胶内,硅溶胶内加入纳米二氧化钛,浸泡后烘干,获得阻燃纤维。
通过采用上述技术方案,硅溶胶内加入纳米二氧化钛,纳米二氧化钛分布在硅溶胶内。硅溶胶在纳米纤维-介孔复合材料表面形成一层硅溶胶膜,纳米二氧化钛在硅溶胶膜内,硅溶胶膜破裂后纳米二氧化钛分散出来,纳米二氧化钛附着在阻燃棉芯内,起到阻燃作用。
本发明的进一步设置为:步骤1,纤维阻燃改性,称取纳米纤维和介孔材料,加入到水溶液内超声波处理后烘干,获得纳米纤维-介孔复合材料;将纳米纤维-介孔复合材料加入到含有纳米氢氧化镁的水溶液中,浸泡、烘焙后晾干,再加入到硅溶胶内,浸泡,超声波处理后烘干,获得阻燃纤维。
通过采用上述技术方案,带有纳米氢氧化镁的纳米纤维-介孔复合材料加入到硅溶胶内,超声波处理后,使得硅溶胶能均匀吸附在纳米纤维-介孔复合材料表面。
本发明的进一步设置为:步骤1,纤维阻燃改性,称取纳米纤维和介孔材料,加入到水溶液内超声波处理后烘干,获得纳米纤维-介孔复合材料;将纳米纤维-介孔复合材料加入到含有纳米氢氧化镁的水溶液中,浸泡、烘焙,烘焙温度为130℃,烘焙时间5分钟,晾干,再加入到硅溶胶内,浸泡后烘干,获得阻燃纤维。
通过采用上述技术方案,纳米氢氧化镁吸附在纳米纤维-介孔复合材料上后,烘焙130℃,时间5分钟,使得纳米氢氧化镁牢固地吸附在纳米纤维-介孔复合材料上。
本发明的进一步设置为:步骤2,棉芯阻燃整理,将步骤1获得的阻燃纤维加入到棉花内,按重量计,阻燃纤维为15-20份,棉花为75-80份,弹花后获得阻燃棉芯。
通过采用上述技术方案,阻燃纤维份数为15-20份,棉花为75-80份。
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:采用纳米氢氧化镁作为阻燃剂,纳米氢氧化镁吸附在纳米纤维-介孔复合材料上后,再将纳米纤维-介孔复合材料放入到硅溶胶中,硅溶胶在纳米纤维-介孔复合材料上形成一层硅溶胶膜后,形成阻燃纤维,再通过阻燃纤维和棉花经过弹花处理后的到阻燃棉芯,由阻燃棉芯制作而成的阻燃棉被,使用时阻燃剂纳米氢氧化镁不会接触人体,达到了安全无害、阻燃性能优异的效果。
具体实施方式
具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释,其并不是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
实施例1:一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,包括,步骤1,纤维阻燃改性,称取纳米纤维和介孔材料,纳米纤维选用纳米聚丙烯腈纤维,介孔材料选用硅系介孔材料。以重量计,纳米纤维:介孔材料为20:1。将纳米纤维和介孔材料加入到水中,用超声波处理2小时后,烘干,获得纳米纤维-介孔复合材料。
纳米纤维-介孔复合材料加入到含有纳米氢氧化镁的水溶液中,浸泡,烘焙,烘焙温度为130℃,烘焙时间为5分钟。然后再将带有纳米氢氧化镁的纳米纤维-介孔复合材料加入到硅溶胶内,浸泡后烘干,获得阻燃纤维。
步骤2:棉芯阻燃整理,将步骤1获得的阻燃纤维加入到棉花内,弹花后获得阻燃棉芯。按重量计,阻燃纤维为15份,棉花为75份。步骤3,包边,将被套套在阻燃棉芯上,缝合被套周边。步骤4,绗缝,将阻燃棉芯通过绗缝机绗缝固定在被套上,获得阻燃安全棉被。
实施例2:一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,与实施例1的不同之处在于,步骤1中,带有纳米氢氧化镁的纳米纤维-介孔复合材料加入到硅溶胶内,浸泡,用超声波处理1小时,烘干,获得阻燃纤维。
实施例3:一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,与实施例1的不同之处在于,步骤1中,硅溶胶内含有纳米二氧化钛粉末。
实施例4:一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,与实施例1的不同之处在于,阻燃棉芯中,阻燃纤维为20份,棉花为80份。
实施例5:一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,与实施例1的不同之处在于,纳米纤维为纳米聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯纤维。
实施例6:一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,与实施例1的不同之处在于,纳米纤维为纳米聚酰胺纤维。
实施例7:一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,与实施例1的不同之处在于,纳米纤维为纳米醋酯纤维素纤维。
对比例1:一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,包括,步骤1,纤维阻燃改性,称取纳米纤维和纳米纤维选用纳米聚丙烯腈纤维,将纳米纤维加入到含有纳米氢氧化镁的水溶液中,浸泡,烘焙,烘焙温度为130℃,烘焙时间为5分钟。然后再将带有纳米氢氧化镁的纳米纤维加入到硅溶胶内,浸泡后烘干,获得阻燃纤维。
步骤2:棉芯阻燃整理,将步骤1获得的阻燃纤维加入到棉花内,弹花后获得阻燃棉芯。按重量计,阻燃纤维为15份,棉花为75份。步骤3,包边,将被套套在阻燃棉芯上,缝合被套周边。步骤4,绗缝,将阻燃棉芯通过绗缝机绗缝固定在被套上,获得阻燃安全棉被。
对比例2:一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,包括,步骤1,纤维阻燃改性,称取纳米纤维和纳米纤维选用纳米聚丙烯腈纤维,将纳米纤维加入到含有纳米氢氧化镁的水溶液中,浸泡,烘焙,烘焙温度为130℃,烘焙时间为5分钟,获得阻燃纤维。
步骤2:棉芯阻燃整理,将步骤1获得的阻燃纤维加入到棉花内,弹花后获得阻燃棉芯。按重量计,阻燃纤维为15份,棉花为75份。步骤3,包边,将被套套在阻燃棉芯上,缝合被套周边。步骤4,绗缝,将阻燃棉芯通过绗缝机绗缝固定在被套上,获得阻燃安全棉被。
对比例3:一种棉被生产工艺,将纳米纤维加入到棉花内,按重量计,纳米纤维为15份,棉花为75份,弹花后获得棉芯。包边,将被套套在棉芯上,缝合被套周边。绗缝,将棉芯通过绗缝机绗缝固定在被套上,获得棉被。
对比例4:一种棉被生产工艺,棉花弹花后获得棉芯,包边,将被套套在棉芯上,缝合被套周边。绗缝,将棉芯通过绗缝机绗缝固定在被套上,获得棉被。
对比例5:一种棉被生产工艺,与实施例1的不同之处在于,步骤2中,阻燃纤维份数为10份,棉花份数为75份。
极限氧指数:参照GB/T5454-1997《纺织品燃烧性能试验氧指数法》测定各实施例及各对比例中的阻燃棉芯的极限氧指数(LOI),极限氧指数值越高,阻燃性能越好,将试验结果在表1中列出。
垂直燃烧试验:参照GB/T5455-1997《纺织品燃烧性能试验垂直法》测试织物的阴然时间、续燃时间,将试验结果在表1中列出。
表1
Claims (7)
1.一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,包括
步骤1,纤维阻燃改性,称取纳米纤维和介孔材料,加入到水内超声波处理后烘干,获得纳米纤维-介孔复合材料;将纳米纤维-介孔复合材料加入到含有纳米氢氧化镁的水溶液中,浸泡、烘焙后晾干,再加入到硅溶胶内,浸泡后烘干,获得阻燃纤维;
步骤2,棉芯阻燃整理,将步骤1获得的阻燃纤维加入到棉花内,弹花后获得阻燃棉芯;步骤3,包边,将被套套在阻燃棉芯上,缝边;
步骤4,绗缝,将阻燃棉芯绗缝固定在被套上,获得阻燃安全棉被。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,其特征在于:所述纳米纤维为纳米聚丙烯腈纤维、纳米聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯纤维、纳米聚酰胺纤维、纳米醋酯纤维素纤维中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,其特征在于:所述介孔材料为硅系介孔材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,其特征在于:步骤1,纤维阻燃改性,称取纳米纤维和介孔材料,加入到水内超声波处理后烘干,获得纳米纤维-介孔复合材料;将纳米纤维-介孔复合材料加入到含有纳米氢氧化镁的水溶液中,浸泡、烘焙后晾干,再加入到硅溶胶内,硅溶胶内加入纳米二氧化钛,浸泡后烘干,获得阻燃纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,其特征在于:步骤1,纤维阻燃改性,称取纳米纤维和介孔材料,加入到水内超声波处理后烘干,获得纳米纤维-介孔复合材料;将纳米纤维-介孔复合材料加入到含有纳米氢氧化镁的水溶液中,浸泡、烘焙后晾干,再加入到硅溶胶内,浸泡,超声波处理后烘干,获得阻燃纤维。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,其特征在于:步骤1,纤维阻燃改性,称取纳米纤维和介孔材料,加入到水内超声波处理后烘干,获得纳米纤维-介孔复合材料;将纳米纤维-介孔复合材料加入到含有纳米氢氧化镁的水溶液中,浸泡、烘焙,烘焙温度为130℃,烘焙时间5分钟,晾干,再加入到硅溶胶内,浸泡后烘干,获得阻燃纤维。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃安全棉被生产工艺,其特征在于:步骤2,棉芯阻燃整理,将步骤1获得的阻燃纤维加入到棉花内,按重量计,阻燃纤维为15-20份,棉花为75-80份,弹花后获得阻燃棉芯。
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