CN107083190B - 一种水性非固化防水涂料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水性非固化防水涂料,其组成按重量份数计包括:阴离子橡胶弹性体改性乳化沥青70~80份、固含量为42~70%的改性树脂乳液8~13份、促凝剂0.05~2份、消泡剂0.005~0.9份、分散剂0.003~0.3份、稳定剂0.05~1份、填料5~20份,其中阴离子橡胶改性乳化沥青的主要组成为基质沥青、SBS橡胶颗粒、SBR橡胶粉、NBR橡胶粉、去离子水、阴离子乳化剂、非离子表面活性剂和选自芳烃油和环烷油中的至少一种。成形后形成的防水层材料具有不固化、蠕变性和自愈合能力,与基材之间的粘结力强,有助于提高施工效率和质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及橡胶沥青涂料组合物技术领域,具体涉及一种水性非固化防水涂料。
背景技术
非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料及涂层具有很好的黏附性、延伸性、自愈性,低温柔性好,在防水施工中能实现无缝施工,是一种新型的沥青防水材料。如中国专利CN105199600A公开的非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料,其由以下重量份的组分组成:石油沥青10~50份,废胶粉5~40份,废机油10~25份,苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物0.5~8份,丁苯橡胶2~15份,再生塑料颗粒2~10份,萜烯树脂8~12份,古马隆树脂4~6份,表面活性剂0.1~3份,离子液体0.1~1.5份。上述非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料存在以下不足:需要加热才能施工,不仅存在能源浪费,施工效率低导致工期长,加热施工能源消耗大施工环境中的VOC排放会对施工人员的健康造成危害;潮湿界面黏附效果不理想,不能直接粘铺。
改进的技术方案为水性非固化防水涂料,多采用阳离子乳化沥青,如中国专利CN105038593A中公开的水性非固化防水涂料,由组分A和组分B组成;组分A由阳离子橡胶改性乳化沥青、增粘树脂乳液、自粘助剂、界面剂、防冻剂及防老剂组成;组分B由无机盐、缓冲剂和水组成,其中阳离子橡胶改性乳化沥青中的混合橡胶由炭黑补强SBR橡胶、SBS橡胶和SIS橡胶组成。但是在实际使用上述涂料破乳时间长,脱水慢,直接导致涂料的成形时间延长,适用于水平面,立面喷涂容易出现流挂现象。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中存在的缺陷,提供一种破乳时间短、快速脱水并成形的水性非固化防水涂料。
为实现上述技术效果,本发明的技术方案为:一种水性非固化防水涂料,其特征在于,其组成按重量份数计包括:阴离子橡胶弹性体改性乳化沥青70~80份、固含量为42~70%的改性树脂乳液8~13份、促凝剂0.05~2份、消泡剂0.005~0.9份、分散剂0.003~0.3份、稳定剂0.05~1份、填料5~20份,其中阴离子橡胶改性乳化沥青的主要组成为基质沥青、SBS橡胶颗粒、SBR橡胶粉、NBR橡胶粉、去离子水、阴离子乳化剂、非离子表面活性剂和选自芳烃油和环烷油中的至少一种。
优选的技术方案为,阴离子橡胶改性乳化沥青的组成及重量份数为:基质沥青40~60份、SBS橡胶颗粒2~5份、SBR橡胶粉1~4份、NBR橡胶粉3~7份、去离子水10~40份、阴离子乳化剂1~3份、非离子表面活性剂0.5~2份、芳烃油和环烷油中的至少一种1~3份。向阴离子乳化沥青中加入NBR橡胶粉,有助于改善乳化沥青的耐热性能,另外,芳烃油和环烷油中的一种能与基质沥青混溶,在乳化剂和非离子表面活性剂的作用下乳化形成均一且稳定的乳化沥青体系。
为了优化涂料的速凝性能,优选的技术方案为,促凝剂为选自氯化镁、硫酸铝、硫酸铝钾、氯化钙、聚磷氯化铁和聚磷氯化铝中的至少一种。
进一步优选的技术方案为,促凝剂由硫酸铝钾和氯化钙组合而成,促凝剂中氯化钙的重量百分比为10~50%。
优选的技术方案为,改性树脂为选自聚烯烃蜡乳液和改性硅氧烷中的至少一种。改性树脂在涂料成形过程中迁移至涂料表面成膜,增强涂层表面的耐磨耐刮擦性能;上述两种改性树脂的加入不会明显增加涂料体系的粘度,有助于改善涂料的流平性能。
进一步优选的技术方案为,水性非固化防水涂料中还包含防冻剂、防老剂、硫化剂、润湿剂中的一种或两种以上的组合。具体的,上述防冻剂、防老剂、硫化剂、润湿剂中的一种或两种以上的组合的重量份数之和为0.05~5份。
优选的技术方案为,防冻剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、二甲亚砜和硫脲中的至少一种;防老剂为DLTP。
为了优化涂料成形后的耐磨性和耐久性,优选的技术方案为,填料为选自膨润土、硅灰石粉、高岭土和云母粉中的至少一种。
优选的技术方案为,硫化剂由烷基苯酚二硫化物和二苯甲酰对醌二肟组成,硫化剂中烷基苯酚二硫化物的重量百分比为15~25%。两中硫化剂的组合可对橡胶沥青和胶粉之间交联起到协同增效的作用,进一步缩短涂料成形时间,提高水性非固化涂料成形形成的空间立体网络结构的交联密度。
优选的技术方案为,润湿剂由烷基萘磺酸盐和聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯复配而成,其中聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯的重量百分比为5~30%。采用阴离子表面活性剂烷基萘磺酸盐和非离子表面活性剂聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯进行复配,混合体系间距两种表面活性剂的优点,涂料界面张力低,加快涂料在基材表面的润湿速率。另外,聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯可与填料发生吸附作用,形成空间位阻而使含有填料的分散体稳定。
本发明的优点和有益效果在于:
本发明水性非固化防水涂料采用阴离子橡胶改性乳化沥青和改性树脂乳液作为主要组分,与促凝剂、消泡剂和分散剂等助剂共同作用,可实现快速破乳,适用于常温常压下平面或立面的施工,特别是用于立面后不出现流淌流挂现象;雨天或低温条件下,破乳速度下降幅度较小,因此可实现雨天施工和冷施工;
成形后形成的防水层材料具有不固化、蠕变性和自愈合能力,与基材之间的粘结力强,有助于提高施工效率和质量。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
实施例1的水性非固化防水涂料组成按重量份数计包括:
阴离子橡胶弹性体改性乳化沥青70份、固含量为70%的改性树脂乳液8份、促凝剂2份、消泡剂0.005份、分散剂0.3份、稳定剂0.05份、填料20份;
其中阴离子橡胶改性乳化沥青的主要组成为基质沥青70份、SBS橡胶颗粒2份、SBR橡胶粉4份、NBR橡胶粉3份、去离子水40份、阴离子乳化剂1份、非离子表面活性剂2份、芳烃油1份。其中阴离子乳化剂选自硫酸酯盐、非离子表面活性剂烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚;改性树脂乳液为萜烯树脂乳液;填料为膨润土。
助剂中促凝剂为硝酸钙;消泡剂为矿物油消泡剂;分散剂为氨基磺酸系水性涂料分散剂,稳定剂为胶体微晶纤维素。
实施例2
实施例2与实施例1的区别在于,水性非固化防水涂料组成按重量份数计包括:
阴离子橡胶弹性体改性乳化沥青80份、固含量为42%的改性树脂乳液13份、促凝剂0.05份、消泡剂0.9份、分散剂0.003份、稳定剂1份、填料5份;
阴离子橡胶改性乳化沥青的组成及重量份数为:基质沥青60份、SBS橡胶颗粒2份、SBR橡胶粉4份、NBR橡胶粉3份、去离子水40份、阴离子乳化剂1份、非离子表面活性剂2份、环烷油1份。
实施例3
实施例3与实施例1的区别在于,阴离子橡胶弹性体改性乳化沥青80份、固含量为42%的改性树脂乳液13份、促凝剂0.05份、消泡剂0.9份、分散剂0.003份、稳定剂1份、填料5份;
阴离子橡胶改性乳化沥青的组成及重量份数为:基质沥青40份、SBS橡胶颗粒5份、SBR橡胶粉1份、NBR橡胶粉7份、去离子水10份、阴离子乳化剂3份、非离子表面活性剂0.5份、芳烃油和环烷油以重量比1:1加入,重量之和份数为3份。
实施例4
实施例4与实施例1的区别在于:阴离子橡胶弹性体改性乳化沥青75份、固含量为42~70%的改性树脂乳液10.5份、促凝剂1份、消泡剂0.45份、分散剂0.15份、稳定剂0.5份、填料5~20份;
阴离子橡胶改性乳化沥青的组成及重量份数为:基质沥青50份、SBS橡胶颗粒3.5份、SBR橡胶粉2.5份、NBR橡胶粉5份、去离子水25份、阴离子乳化剂2份、非离子表面活性剂1.2份、芳烃油2份。
实施例5
实施例5在实施例4的基础上,还包含防老剂1份、硫化剂3份、润湿剂1份,促凝剂采用氯化钙;防老剂为DLTP;硫化剂为硫磺;润湿剂为硅醇类非离子表面活性剂。改性树脂乳液为聚烯烃蜡乳液。填料为硅灰石分和云母粉以重量比1:2混合而成。
实施例6
实施例6以实施例5为基础,区别在于,促凝剂为氯化镁、硫酸铝、聚磷氯化铁和聚磷氯化铝等重组合而成,硫化剂采用烷基苯酚二硫化物和二苯甲酰对醌二肟组成,硫化剂中烷基苯酚二硫化物的重量百分比为50%。改性树脂乳液为中的有效成分由聚烯烃蜡乳液和改性硅氧烷组合而成,填料为高岭土。
实施例7
实施例7与实施例6的区别在于,促凝剂由硫酸铝钾和氯化钙组合而成,促凝剂中氯化钙的重量百分比为10%,硫化剂中烷基苯酚二硫化物的重量百分比为15%。
实施例8
实施例8与实施例7的区别为:促凝剂中氯化钙的重量百分比为50%,硫化剂中烷基苯酚二硫化物的重量百分比为25%。
实施例9
实施例9与实施例7的区别为:促凝剂中氯化钙的重量百分比为30%,硫化剂中烷基苯酚二硫化物的重量百分比为20%。
实施例10
实施例10与实施例4的区别为:组分中还加入了防冻剂0.05份,防冻剂为乙二醇。
实施例11
实施例11与实施例10的区别为:组分中还加入了润湿剂1份,防冻剂为丙二醇、二甲亚砜以重量比1:2混合而成,润湿剂由烷基萘磺酸盐和聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯复配而成,其中聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯的重量百分比为5%。
实施例12
实施例12与实施例11的区别为:润湿剂由烷基萘磺酸盐和聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯复配而成,其中聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯的重量百分比为30%。
实施例13
实施例12与实施例13的区别为:润湿剂由烷基萘磺酸盐和聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯复配而成,其中聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯的重量百分比为17%。
对比例
对比例1的组分同实施例4,但其中的阴离子乳化沥青用阳离子乳化沥青代替;
对比例2的组分同实施例4,但其中未添加促凝剂。
对比例3中组分同实施例4,阴离子乳化沥青用阳离子乳化沥青中的NBR橡胶粉用SIS橡胶粉代替。
将实施例和对比例试样用于下述条件的检测:
1、粘接性能,将水性非固化涂料喷涂到水泥砂浆表面,涂覆面积为100*50mm,厚度为2±0.2mm,然后喷涂S2外露涂料,涂覆面积为100*50mm,厚度为2±0.2mm,经养护后采用防水涂层附着力测试仪对防水***与水泥砂浆之间的粘接强度进行检测分干燥基面和潮湿基面两种。
2、立面喷涂流挂现象观察;
3、低温柔性,按照GB/T16777-2008中第13章进行检测;
4、延伸性,将两块铝板短边对接形成一整体,两铝板之间的缝隙不等大于0.05mm,然后将水性非固化防水涂料喷涂到铝板上,厚度为2±0.2mm,在标准条件下养护24h;将试件加持在拉力机的夹具中心,记录延伸尺指针示值L0,保持拉伸速度为10mm/min,使试件受拉至裂口从试件边缘开裂或收缩至10mm时为止,记录延伸尺指针示值L1,精确到1mm,计算延伸性L=L1-L0。
实施例1-4和对比例1-3的粘接性能、立面喷涂流挂现象、低温柔性和延伸性见下表:
实施例5-13的粘接性能、立面喷涂流挂现象、低温柔性和延伸性见下表:
实施例10和实施例11的低温凝结温度分别为-15℃和-19℃,加入二甲亚砜的水性涂料体系凝结温更低。
硫化剂和促凝剂均对有助于改善水性非固化涂料的成形速率,其中实施例7-13的成形速率更快,更适用于立面的喷涂,实施例11-13涂料的表面张力高,在基材表面上的铺展和渗透能力更强,成形后与基材之间呈粘停滞状态,表现为延伸性更佳。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种水性非固化防水涂料,其特征在于,其组成按重量份数计包括:阴离子橡胶弹性体改性乳化沥青70~80份、固含量为42~70%的改性树脂乳液8~13份、促凝剂0.05~2份、消泡剂0.005~0.9份、分散剂0.003~0.3份、稳定剂0.05~1份、填料5~20份,阴离子橡胶改性乳化沥青的组成及重量份数为:基质沥青40~60份、SBS橡胶颗粒2~5份、SBR橡胶粉1~4份、NBR橡胶粉3~7份、去离子水10~40份、阴离子乳化剂1~3份、非离子表面活性剂0.5~2份、芳烃油和环烷油中的至少一种1~3份;促凝剂由硫酸铝钾和氯化钙组合而成,促凝剂中氯化钙的重量百分比为10~50%;改性树脂为选自聚烯烃蜡乳液和改性硅氧烷中的至少一种;水性非固化防水涂料中还包含防冻剂、防老剂、硫化剂和润湿剂,防冻剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、二甲亚砜和硫脲中的至少一种,硫化剂由烷基苯酚二硫化物和二苯甲酰对醌二肟组成,硫化剂中烷基苯酚二硫化物的重量百分比为15~25%,润湿剂由烷基萘磺酸盐和聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯复配而成,其中聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯的重量百分比为5~30%;防老剂为DLTP;填料为选自膨润土、硅灰石粉、高岭土和云母粉中的至少一种。
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