CN107082992A - 一种木塑地板 - Google Patents
一种木塑地板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种木塑地板,包括木塑基材和涂覆于木塑基材表面的保护层;其特征在于,所述木塑基材由以下重量份的原料组成:聚氯乙烯70‑75份、秸秆粉50‑55份、茶粕粉5‑8份、艾叶粉1‑2份、硬树脂35‑40份、氨基树脂12‑15份、改性竹粉10‑13份、碳酸钙5‑8份、氯化石蜡4‑6份、聚乙烯醇3‑5份、氢氧化镁2‑4份、纳米海绵2‑3份、相容剂1‑5份、润滑剂1‑5份、聚氨酯弹性体10‑20份、滑石粉1‑2份、钛白粉1‑2份、丙烯酸酯共聚物2‑3份、丙烯酸酯类发泡调节剂4‑8份、偶氮二甲酰胺2‑5份、阻燃剂1‑2份、活性碳酸钙5‑8份、气相二氧化硅4‑6份和氢氧化铝2‑4份。本发明将保护层涂覆于木塑基材的表面,使木塑地板表面平整光洁,容易维护清洗,同时具有良好防潮、耐磨和耐腐蚀等性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及木塑复合材料技术领域,具体涉及一种木塑地板。
背景技术
木塑复合材料是以农林废弃物和废旧塑料为主要原料,通过高分子界面相容原理制备而成,是一种新型的代木产品。该产品对于资源综合利用、保护环境、节约森林资源具有十分重要的意义。
木塑复合材料兼具木材和树脂的双重特性,具有优异的力学性能,强度高、尺寸稳定性好,同时还具有优异的加工性,可钉、可刨、可锯。该材料还可以反复回收利用,是真正的“绿色环保”新材料。广泛的应用于园林景观建设、工民建筑、装饰装修、物流运输等领域。具有优异的物理性能、环保性,外观质感好,并且具有木材的二次加工性,通过常规作业方式,可加工成各种设施和制品。一般的木塑地板包括四层结构,由上至下依次为耐磨层、装饰层、基材层和平衡层,需要分别加工出这四层结构,再通过黏合剂或压制工艺将其组合在一起。这种生产工艺存在生产环节复杂、控制技术点较多和生产投入成本较大的特点,并且黏合剂多数为化学物质,长期使用时会出现与使用环境中的其他物质发生化学反应的现象,生成挥发性、且对人体有害的物质,从而威胁人体健康。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的问题,提供一种环保且具有防潮、抗裂、耐磨、防火等性能的木塑地板。
为了达到上述目的,本发明通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种木塑地板,包括木塑基材和涂覆于木塑基材表面的保护层;所述木塑基材由以下重量份的原料组成:聚氯乙烯70-75份、秸秆粉50-55份、茶粕粉5-8份、艾叶粉1-2份、硬树脂35-40份、氨基树脂12-15份、改性竹粉10-13份、碳酸钙5-8份、氯化石蜡4-6份、聚乙烯醇3-5份、氢氧化镁2-4份、纳米海绵2-3份、三乙醇胺1-2份、丙三醇8-11份、乙醇10-13份、相容剂1-5份、润滑剂1-5份、聚氨酯弹性体10-20份、滑石粉1-2份、钛白粉1-2份、丙烯酸酯共聚物2-3份、丙烯酸酯类发泡调节剂4-8份、偶氮二甲酰胺2-5份、阻燃剂1-2份、活性碳酸钙5-8份、气相二氧化硅4-6份和氢氧化铝2-4份;
所述保护层由以下重量份的原料组成:聚醚酮20-40份,氟树脂10-15份、环氧树脂5-10份、有机硅树脂2-8份、着色剂1-2份、氧化铝5-10份、钠米二氧化钛5-10份、纳米二氧化硅5-10份、润湿剂1-2份、消泡剂1-4份和塑化剂8-10份。
进一步地,所述氟树脂为聚四氟乙烯、聚三氟氯乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物和聚氟乙烯中的一种或一种以上的混合物。
进一步地,所述秸秆粉、茶粕粉和艾叶粉的粒度为50-100目。
进一步地,所述润滑剂是聚乙烯蜡、石蜡、硬脂酸和硬脂酸锌中的一种或一种以上的混合物。
进一步地,所述聚氨酯弹性体是异氰酸根封端的聚氨酯预聚物。
进一步地,所述木塑基材的制备步骤如下:
(1)将聚氨酯弹性体和相容剂在110-120℃下混合搅拌20-30min,得到改性聚氨酯;
(2)将改性聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯、硬树脂、氨基树脂、氯化石蜡和丙烯酸共聚物投入密炼机中塑炼,得混合物A,备用;
(3)将碳酸钙、聚乙烯醇、氢氧化镁、纳米海绵、三乙醇胺、丙三醇、乙醇、偶氮二甲酰胺、阻燃剂、活性碳酸钙、气相二氧化硅和氢氧化铝放入温度为120-150℃的反应釜中机械搅拌均匀,得到混合物B;
(4)将秸秆粉、茶粕粉、艾叶粉、改性竹粉、滑石粉和钛白粉加入混合物B中搅拌均匀,得到混合物C;
(5)将步骤(2)中得到的混合物A和步骤(4)中得到的混合物C混合,并加入相容剂和润滑剂,混炼后得到混合物D;
(6)将混合物投入挤出机或注塑机,设置挤出机或注塑机的温度为120-135℃,制得所述木塑基材。
进一步地,所述保护层的制备步骤如下:
(1)将所述聚醚酮、氟树脂、环氧树脂、有机硅树脂投入密炼机中,进行密炼3-5min,再加入塑化剂,在70-90℃下继续密炼2-5min,得到预混胶;
(2)向搅拌机中加入,设定搅拌机的转速为100-150 r/min,然后依次加入所述预混胶、纳米二氧化钛、钠米二氧化硅、润湿剂和消泡剂,继续搅拌15-30min,得到保护层涂料;
(3)通过喷涂工艺将所述保护层涂料喷涂在所述木塑基材表面,形成所述木塑地板。
进一步地,所述步骤(3)中,喷涂工艺的喷涂距离为100-120mm,送液速度为500-700g/min。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下的有益效果:
本发明通过喷涂的方式将保护层涂覆于木塑基材的表面,制备出厚度薄,与基材附着力高,同时具有良好防潮、耐磨和耐腐蚀等性能的涂层,使木塑地板表面平整光洁,容易维护清洗。而木塑基材采用秸秆粉、茶粕粉、艾叶粉等天然植物粉和聚氯乙烯、硬树脂、氨基树脂、丙烯酸酯共聚物等为原料,得到的木塑地板具有抗裂、耐磨等性能。聚氨酯具有较大的弹性和塑性,在摩擦过程中能通过黏弹效应吸收一部分摩擦功,当形变恢复时又将能量释放出来,从而提高木塑地板的耐磨性,同时具有较高的强度和韧性。改性后的聚氨酯能改善秸秆粉、茶粕粉、艾叶粉等天然植物粉与聚氯乙烯、硬树脂、氨基树脂等材料的相容性,减弱上述天然植物粉的吸水率,提高本发明木塑地板的防水性。阻燃剂的加入使木塑地板具有良好的防火性能。本发明使用轻便、降低制造成本且环保,有利于推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种木塑地板,包括木塑基材和涂覆于木塑基材表面的保护层;木塑基材由以下原料组成:聚氯乙烯70克、秸秆粉50克、茶粕粉5克、艾叶粉1克、硬树脂35克、氨基树脂12克、改性竹粉10克、碳酸钙5克、氯化石蜡4克、聚乙烯醇3克、氢氧化镁2克、纳米海绵2克、三乙醇胺1克、丙三醇8克、乙醇10克、相容剂1克、润滑剂1克、聚氨酯弹性体10克、滑石粉1克、钛白粉1克、丙烯酸酯共聚物2克、丙烯酸酯类发泡调节剂4克、偶氮二甲酰胺2克、阻燃剂1克、活性碳酸钙5克、气相二氧化硅4克和氢氧化铝2克;
保护层由以下原料组成:聚醚酮20克,氟树脂10克、环氧树脂5克、有机硅树脂2克、着色剂1克、氧化铝5克、钠米二氧化钛5克、纳米二氧化硅5克、润湿剂1克、消泡剂1克和塑化剂8克。
上述氟树脂为聚四氟乙烯、聚三氟氯乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物和聚氟乙烯的混合物。
上述秸秆粉、茶粕粉和艾叶粉的粒度为50目。
上述润滑剂是聚乙烯蜡、石蜡、硬脂酸和硬脂酸锌的混合物。
上述聚氨酯弹性体是异氰酸根封端的聚氨酯预聚物。
上述木塑基材的制备步骤如下:
(1)将聚氨酯弹性体和相容剂在110℃下混合搅拌20min,得到改性聚氨酯;
(2)将改性聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯、硬树脂、氨基树脂、氯化石蜡和丙烯酸共聚物投入密炼机中塑炼,得混合物A,备用;
(3)将碳酸钙、聚乙烯醇、氢氧化镁、纳米海绵、三乙醇胺、丙三醇、乙醇、偶氮二甲酰胺、阻燃剂、活性碳酸钙、气相二氧化硅和氢氧化铝放入温度为120-150℃的反应釜中机械搅拌均匀,得到混合物B;
(4)将秸秆粉、茶粕粉、艾叶粉、改性竹粉、滑石粉和钛白粉加入混合物B中搅拌均匀,得到混合物C;
(5)将步骤(2)中得到的混合物A和步骤(4)中得到的混合物C混合,并加入相容剂和润滑剂,混炼后得到混合物D;
(6)将混合物投入挤出机或注塑机,设置挤出机或注塑机的温度为120℃,制得木塑基材。
上述保护层的制备步骤如下:
(1)将聚醚酮、氟树脂、环氧树脂、有机硅树脂投入密炼机中,进行密炼3min,再加入塑化剂,在70℃下继续密炼5min,得到预混胶;
(2)向搅拌机中加入,设定搅拌机的转速为100 r/min,然后依次加入预混胶、纳米二氧化钛、钠米二氧化硅、润湿剂和消泡剂,继续搅拌15min,得到保护层涂料;
(3)通过喷涂工艺将保护层涂料喷涂在木塑基材表面,形成木塑地板。
上述步骤(3)中,喷涂工艺的喷涂距离为100mm,送液速度为500g/min。
实施例2
一种木塑地板,包括木塑基材和涂覆于木塑基材表面的保护层;木塑基材由以下原料组成:聚氯乙烯75克、秸秆粉55克、茶粕粉8克、艾叶粉2克、硬树脂40克、氨基树脂15克、改性竹粉13克、碳酸钙8克、氯化石蜡6克、聚乙烯醇5克、氢氧化镁4克、纳米海绵3克、三乙醇胺2克、丙三醇11克、乙醇13克、相容剂5克、润滑剂5克、聚氨酯弹性体20克、滑石粉2克、钛白粉2克、丙烯酸酯共聚物3克、丙烯酸酯类发泡调节剂8克、偶氮二甲酰胺5克、阻燃剂2克、活性碳酸钙8克、气相二氧化硅6克和氢氧化铝4克;
保护层由以下原料组成:聚醚酮40克,氟树脂15克、环氧树脂10克、有机硅树脂8克、着色剂2克、氧化铝10克、钠米二氧化钛10克、纳米二氧化硅10克、润湿剂2克、消泡剂4克和塑化剂10克。
上述氟树脂为聚四氟乙烯、聚三氟氯乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物和聚氟乙烯的混合物。
上述秸秆粉、茶粕粉和艾叶粉的粒度为100目。
上述润滑剂是聚乙烯蜡、石蜡、硬脂酸和硬脂酸锌的混合物。
上述聚氨酯弹性体是异氰酸根封端的聚氨酯预聚物。
上述木塑基材的制备步骤如下:
(1)将聚氨酯弹性体和相容剂在120℃下混合搅拌30min,得到改性聚氨酯;
(2)将改性聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯、硬树脂、氨基树脂、氯化石蜡和丙烯酸共聚物投入密炼机中塑炼,得混合物A,备用;
(3)将碳酸钙、聚乙烯醇、氢氧化镁、纳米海绵、三乙醇胺、丙三醇、乙醇、偶氮二甲酰胺、阻燃剂、活性碳酸钙、气相二氧化硅和氢氧化铝放入温度为120-150℃的反应釜中机械搅拌均匀,得到混合物B;
(4)将秸秆粉、茶粕粉、艾叶粉、改性竹粉、滑石粉和钛白粉加入混合物B中搅拌均匀,得到混合物C;
(5)将步骤(2)中得到的混合物A和步骤(4)中得到的混合物C混合,并加入相容剂和润滑剂,混炼后得到混合物D;
(6)将混合物投入挤出机或注塑机,设置挤出机或注塑机的温度为135℃,制得木塑基材。
上述保护层的制备步骤如下:
(1)将聚醚酮、氟树脂、环氧树脂、有机硅树脂投入密炼机中,进行密炼5min,再加入塑化剂,在90℃下继续密炼2min,得到预混胶;
(2)向搅拌机中加入,设定搅拌机的转速为150 r/min,然后依次加入预混胶、纳米二氧化钛、钠米二氧化硅、润湿剂和消泡剂,继续搅拌30min,得到保护层涂料;
(3)通过喷涂工艺将保护层涂料喷涂在木塑基材表面,形成木塑地板。
上述步骤(3)中,喷涂工艺的喷涂距离为120mm,送液速度为700g/min。
实施例3
一种木塑地板,包括木塑基材和涂覆于木塑基材表面的保护层;木塑基材由以下原料组成:聚氯乙烯73克、秸秆粉53克、茶粕粉6克、艾叶粉1.5克、硬树脂38克、氨基树脂14克、改性竹粉12克、碳酸钙6克、氯化石蜡5克、聚乙烯醇4克、氢氧化镁3克、纳米海绵2.5克、三乙醇胺1.5克、丙三醇9克、乙醇12克、相容剂3克、润滑剂3克、聚氨酯弹性体15克、滑石粉1.5克、钛白粉1.5克、丙烯酸酯共聚物2.5克、丙烯酸酯类发泡调节剂6克、偶氮二甲酰胺3克、阻燃剂1.5克、活性碳酸钙7克、气相二氧化硅5克和氢氧化铝3克;
保护层由以下原料组成:聚醚酮30克,氟树脂13克、环氧树脂8克、有机硅树脂5克、着色剂1.5克、氧化铝8克、钠米二氧化钛8克、纳米二氧化硅8克、润湿剂1.5克、消泡剂3克和塑化剂9克。
上述氟树脂为聚四氟乙烯、聚三氟氯乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物和聚氟乙烯的混合物。
上述秸秆粉、茶粕粉和艾叶粉的粒度为75目。
上述润滑剂是聚乙烯蜡、石蜡、硬脂酸和硬脂酸锌的混合物。
上述聚氨酯弹性体是异氰酸根封端的聚氨酯预聚物。
上述木塑基材的制备步骤如下:
(1)将聚氨酯弹性体和相容剂在115℃下混合搅拌25min,得到改性聚氨酯;
(2)将改性聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯、硬树脂、氨基树脂、氯化石蜡和丙烯酸共聚物投入密炼机中塑炼,得混合物A,备用;
(3)将碳酸钙、聚乙烯醇、氢氧化镁、纳米海绵、三乙醇胺、丙三醇、乙醇、偶氮二甲酰胺、阻燃剂、活性碳酸钙、气相二氧化硅和氢氧化铝放入温度为135℃的反应釜中机械搅拌均匀,得到混合物B;
(4)将秸秆粉、茶粕粉、艾叶粉、改性竹粉、滑石粉和钛白粉加入混合物B中搅拌均匀,得到混合物C;
(5)将步骤(2)中得到的混合物A和步骤(4)中得到的混合物C混合,并加入相容剂和润滑剂,混炼后得到混合物D;
(6)将混合物投入挤出机或注塑机,设置挤出机或注塑机的温度为128℃,制得木塑基材。
上述保护层的制备步骤如下:
(1)将聚醚酮、氟树脂、环氧树脂、有机硅树脂投入密炼机中,进行密炼3-5min,再加入塑化剂,在80℃下继续密炼4min,得到预混胶;
(2)向搅拌机中加入,设定搅拌机的转速为125 r/min,然后依次加入预混胶、纳米二氧化钛、钠米二氧化硅、润湿剂和消泡剂,继续搅拌23min,得到保护层涂料;
(3)通过喷涂工艺将保护层涂料喷涂在木塑基材表面,形成木塑地板。
上述步骤(3)中,喷涂工艺的喷涂距离为110mm,送液速度为600g/min。
实施例4
对本发明提供的木塑地板和普通木塑地板进行性能测试,综合性能测试结果如表1所示:
测试性能 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 普通木塑地板 |
抗冲击性能 | 15次无裂纹 | 15次无裂纹 | 15次无裂纹 | 10次有裂纹 |
抗弯破坏荷载 | 12.3 | 11.5 | 11.2 | 10.2 |
抗压强度MPa | 11.2 | 11.5 | 11.8 | 9.8 |
表面耐磨g/100r | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.03 |
干燥收缩值mm/m | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.9 |
氧指数% | 36 | 38 | 35 | 25 |
表1
阻燃性能测试结果如表2所示:
检测项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
对试样进行燃烧的时间,s | 60 | 60 | 60 |
试样平均持续燃烧时间,s | 0 | 0 | 0 |
试样平均质量损失率,% | 0.8 | 0.76 | 0.81 |
安全级别 | 标准安全1级(ZA1) | 标准安全1级(ZA1) | 标准安全1级(ZA1) |
表2
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种木塑地板,包括木塑基材和涂覆于木塑基材表面的保护层;其特征在于,所述木塑基材由以下重量份的原料组成:聚氯乙烯70-75份、秸秆粉50-55份、茶粕粉5-8份、艾叶粉1-2份、硬树脂35-40份、氨基树脂12-15份、改性竹粉10-13份、碳酸钙5-8份、氯化石蜡4-6份、聚乙烯醇3-5份、氢氧化镁2-4份、纳米海绵2-3份、三乙醇胺1-2份、丙三醇8-11份、乙醇10-13份、相容剂1-5份、润滑剂1-5份、聚氨酯弹性体10-20份、滑石粉1-2份、钛白粉1-2份、丙烯酸酯共聚物2-3份、丙烯酸酯类发泡调节剂4-8份、偶氮二甲酰胺2-5份、阻燃剂1-2份、活性碳酸钙5-8份、气相二氧化硅4-6份和氢氧化铝2-4份;
所述保护层由以下重量份的原料组成:聚醚酮20-40份,氟树脂10-15份、环氧树脂5-10份、有机硅树脂2-8份、着色剂1-2份、氧化铝5-10份、钠米二氧化钛5-10份、纳米二氧化硅5-10份、润湿剂1-2份、消泡剂1-4份和塑化剂8-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种木塑地板,其特征在于,所述氟树脂为聚四氟乙烯、聚三氟氯乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物和聚氟乙烯中的一种或一种以上的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种木塑地板,其特征在于,所述秸秆粉、茶粕粉和艾叶粉的粒度为50-100目。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种木塑地板,其特征在于,所述润滑剂是聚乙烯蜡、石蜡、硬脂酸和硬脂酸锌中的一种或一种以上的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种木塑地板,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯弹性体是异氰酸根封端的聚氨酯预聚物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种木塑地板,其特征在于,所述木塑基材的制备步骤如下:
(1)将聚氨酯弹性体和相容剂在110-120℃下混合搅拌20-30min,得到改性聚氨酯;
(2)将改性聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯、硬树脂、氨基树脂、氯化石蜡和丙烯酸共聚物投入密炼机中塑炼,得混合物A,备用;
(3)将碳酸钙、聚乙烯醇、氢氧化镁、纳米海绵、三乙醇胺、丙三醇、乙醇、偶氮二甲酰胺、阻燃剂、活性碳酸钙、气相二氧化硅和氢氧化铝放入温度为120-150℃的反应釜中机械搅拌均匀,得到混合物B;
(4)将秸秆粉、茶粕粉、艾叶粉、改性竹粉、滑石粉和钛白粉加入混合物B中搅拌均匀,得到混合物C;
(5)将步骤(2)中得到的混合物A和步骤(4)中得到的混合物C混合,并加入相容剂和润滑剂,混炼后得到混合物D;
(6)将混合物投入挤出机或注塑机,设置挤出机或注塑机的温度为120-135℃,制得所述木塑基材。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种木塑地板,其特征在于,所述保护层的制备步骤如下:
(1)将所述聚醚酮、氟树脂、环氧树脂、有机硅树脂投入密炼机中,进行密炼3-5min,再加入塑化剂,在70-90℃下继续密炼2-5min,得到预混胶;
(2)向搅拌机中加入,设定搅拌机的转速为100-150 r/min,然后依次加入所述预混胶、纳米二氧化钛、钠米二氧化硅、润湿剂和消泡剂,继续搅拌15-30min,得到保护层涂料;
(3)通过喷涂工艺将所述保护层涂料喷涂在所述木塑基材表面,形成所述木塑地板。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种木塑地板,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,喷涂工艺的喷涂距离为100-120mm,送液速度为500-700g/min。
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