CN107078504B - 分散式供应能源的方法和供应*** - Google Patents

分散式供应能源的方法和供应*** Download PDF

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CN107078504B
CN107078504B CN201580060348.2A CN201580060348A CN107078504B CN 107078504 B CN107078504 B CN 107078504B CN 201580060348 A CN201580060348 A CN 201580060348A CN 107078504 B CN107078504 B CN 107078504B
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彼得·克拉夫特
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Pekra GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种分散式供应能源，尤其是电能或热能，的方法。在所述方法中，多个分散的能源生产者(1)和/或能源供应者位于可定义的地理区域内，根据供应和/或需求藉由可移动存储单元(3)以不使用任何电线***的方式在能源生产者(1)、能源供应者、能源购买者和/或能源消费者(2)之间运送能源。还揭示了分散式供应能源的相应的供应***。

Description

分散式供应能源的方法和供应***
技术领域
本发明涉及一种分散式供应能源，尤其是电能或热能，的方法，其中在可定义的地理区域内布置多个分散的能源生产者和/或能源供应者，其中根据能源的供应和/或需求藉由可移动存储单元以不使用任何电力线***的方式在能源生产者、能源供应者、能源购买者和/或能源消费者之间运送能源。
另外，本发明涉及一种分散式供应能源，尤其是电能或热能，的供应***，所述供应***特别用于实施根据本发明所述的方法，其中在可定义的地理区域内布置多个分散的能源生产者和/或能源供应者，其中根据能源的供应和/或需求藉由可移动存储单元以不使用任何电力线***的方式在能源生产者、能源供应者、能源购买者和/或能源消费者之间运送能源。
技术背景
提供能源(这里以电能的形式作为例子进行说明)的常见方法和供应***例如是在德国使用的供电***。在这个***中，不同的生产者通过例如核电站、燃煤发电站、或者其他可再生电力的发电站(例如风力发电站、水力发电站、太阳能发电站)来发电。将各种方式产生的电力集中起来，再经由已知的电力线***向消费者分配电力。这样可确保连接至供电***的消费者获得尽可能可靠的供电。
然而，这种已知的供应电能的方法和供应***不能令人满意，这是因为所述***引入不同类型的发电站所产生的所有电力，不同方式产生的电力在***中混合，因此消费者获得的电力不可能全部是例如可再生电力。最终，消费者被迫订购混合的所谓“灰色电力”。这最终防碍了可再生能源发电的分布和发展，因为消费者(不论是否正确)往往不能确切地肯定他们实际订购的是可再生电力，因此，他们不会过分热衷于订购可再生电力。
发明目的
因此本发明的目的是提出一种供应能源的方法和供应***，然后可以用设计简单的装置来确定可定义的电力类型或者能源类型。
发明内容
根据本发明，上述目的一方面由一种分散式供应能源的方法来实现，另一方面由一种分散式供应能源的供应***来实现。所述分散式供应能源的方法，其中在可定义的地理区域内布置多个分散的能源生产者和/或能源供应者，其中根据能源的供应和/或需求藉由可移动存储单元以不使用任何电力线***的方式在能源生产者、能源供应者、能源购买者和/或能源消费者之间运送能源，其特征在于，由中央计算机管理能源的供应和需求，以及由应用软件监测能源的供应和需求。所述分散式供应能源的供应***，用于实施上述方法，其中在可定义的地理区域内布置多个分散的能源生产者和/或能源供应者，其中根据能源的供应和/或需求藉由可移动存储单元以不使用任何电力线***的方式在能源生产者、能源供应者、能源购买者和/或能源消费者之间运送能源，其特征在于，所述供应***包括用于管理能源的供应和需求的中央计算机，使得通过应用软件能够监测能源的供应和需求。
根据本发明的一种方式，首先得知的是，即使不使用已知的电力线***也能够供应能源。根据本发明的另一种方式，然后得知的是，可以经由运送***供应能源，所述运送***根据可移动存储单元以不使用任何电力线***的方式在能源生产者、能源供应者、能源购买者和/或能源消费者之间运作。具体地说，在这情况下，根据多个分散的能源生产者和/或能源供应者进行分散式供应能源，其中在可定义的地理区域内布置多个分散的能源生产者和/或能源供应者。根据能源的供应和/或需求在生产者、供应者、购买者和/或消费者之间运送能源。在这情况下，可限定和建立个别的运送路径，其中可根据相应的生产者和/或供应者以及发电站的基础类型来确定例如电力类型。
因此，采用根据本发明的方法和根据本发明的分散式供应能源的供应***指出一种适当的方法和供应***，然后可以用设计简单的装置来确定可定义的电力类型或者能源类型。
为了确保能源的运送一方面很可靠而另一方面很简单，可移动存储单元配置在机动车辆上。在这情况下，机动车辆可用作由生产者、供应者、购买者和/或消费者组成的布置中的所谓“电力线”。在这情况下，可根据需求将能源从一个具有相应供应的场所运送至一个具有相应需求的场所。
原则上，可移动存储单元可以是市售的电池。这样的电池以最多变的实施例和大小的方式存在。
在一实际实施例中，所述机动车辆可以是客车、卡车、公共汽车、摩托车、火车车厢、或挂车。关于运送机动车辆的类型也没有什么限制。它只要必须是适于在所希望的场所之间运送可移动存储单元。例如，可移动存储单元可设计成挂车的下部车身。因此，挂车可以执行双重功能，即一方面运送已提供的运送材料，而另一方面运送能源。
在一种有利的构型中，所述机动车辆可由电力驱动。在这情况下，被运送的电能还可至少部分地用于驱动所述运送车辆。
目前，能源生产者和/或能源供应者的能源经常较所要求的能源多。在这方面，有利的是能源存储单元被分配给所述生产者和/或供应者，可以说所述单元可用作已产生或已保存能源的所谓缓冲存储器。这样的存储单元一方面可以是可移动存储单元，否则是固定的存储单元，所述固定的存储单元仅为了在该场所进行缓冲或存储的目的。
具体地说，生产者和/或供应者可形成分散式供应***。这样的分散式供应***可于可定义的地理区域内供应能源。
在一种特别有利的方式中，所述能源是可再生能源。在这情况下，可确保对环境保护作有效贡献。具体地说，所述能源可由太阳、风力、水力发电、热能、地热能、或生物质产生，否则是其他能源形式。在所有这些产生机构的情况下，排除了使用化石燃料源。为了更可靠地分配现存能源和更可靠地向购买者和/或消费者供应能源，可由中央计算机管理能源的供应和需求。在这情况下，确保了根据本发明的供应***的更有效操作。
另外，关于分散式供应能源的有效方法和有效供应***，经由互联网可以监测能源的供应和/或需求。在这方面，生产者、供应者、购买者和/或消费者可以简单的方式制作能源的现存供应和/或需求的纵览。这纵览可在对应的使用情况时立即使用。在一种有利的方式中，只可由注册用户进行这种监测。在这方面，使用者必须在对应的监测周期开始之前注册为用户。进行所述注册时可涉及适当费用。为了特别简单地监测供应和/或需求，可经由应用软件或移动应用程序进行所述监测。
对于根据本发明的方法和供应***的另一种有效使用，经由应用软件或移动应用程序进行能源的预订、订购、和/或支付。在这方面，确保了能够简单提供上述功能性。原则上，如上所述的应用软件可在任何适当的电子装置(例如手机)上运行。除互联网之外，还可有效地经由电话线路进行互换，因为这些线路最不受恐怖袭击或者太阳风暴或者其他风险影响，这与当前发展的经由传统供电***及通过智慧电网的互换明显相反。另外，数据互换应当以这样的方式进行，其中***仅向相应的能源生产者或能源消费者要求绝对必需的数目或数据，而不会再要求更多。无论如何都不能接入例如整个房子或整个电动机动车辆。
原则上，根据本发明的方法和根据本发明的供应***可设有能源或电力的供应和/或需求的所谓虚拟互换的入口。优选地这可在本地或区域飞机上进行虚拟互换，其也应当导致关于电力或能源消耗和生产的性能最优化。另外，可使用分散的能源生产者和/或供应者的适当交联，以及任选地能源生产者和/或供应者的存储单元或者例如电动车辆使用者的蓄电单元、甚或其他耗电者的蓄电单元(尤其是无须经电力线***互换或运送电力)进行虚拟互换。例如，工厂的雇员可藉由汽车及电源挂车把自产电力带进工厂作业以及还可任选地部分地收回。
在另一个实施例中，两个电动车辆使用者都是供应***的注册用户并且在各自的车内具有特有的存储单元，他们可(即使在途中)从不同的场所互换和/或购买电力或电能。当这种虚拟供电***的用户的数目足够大，目前依然十分有限的电动车辆的可行走距离(大约120至300公里)可能很快便没有限制。在最理想的情况下，每个***的用户或者城市的居民(例如可藉由他在这种虚拟供电***内的能源生产合作社的会员身份或者其他形式的组织的会员身份)会产生他自己确实所需的能源并且当***伙伴在附近时在任何地方使用他所需的能源。
能源的供应和/或能源的需求可在本地或超区域地经由入口或者一些用户组(例如商行、普通公民等等)，甚至特定的用户组(诸如合作社、社团等等)连接在一起。可完全基于可再生的方式产生电力或能源。
在根据本发明的方法和供应***的情况下，原则上能源可以互换。这意味着不需要存在代购公司将能源从一个伙伴运送到另一个伙伴。或者，还可使用代购模式，其中以可预设的预付金额采购能源或采购电力。可以当能源互换中的能源费用或电力费用接近零时或者在特别有利的情况下进行这种采购。
就根据本发明建立、以及涵盖暂时或者原则上不太完整的需求的供应***而言，可经由来自传统供应***的一种“后备方法”订购电力或能源。原则上可以当来自根据本发明的供应***的可再生电力/或能源的供应很少或没有供应时采用这种“后备方法”。然而，这种来自供应***的电力订购/能源订购可局限于经认证的可再生电力或可再生能源生产者和/或供应者。在这情况下，这些生产者和/或供应者是可靠地专门交付可再生电力或可再生能源的生产者和/或供应者。为了确实能够确保目前存在可再生电力，几乎只有可能经由特约供应者(例如来自奥地利或挪威的特约供应者)订购经认证的绿色电力。由于在这后备的情况中，因为市场机制，电力通常会与根据本发明提供的电力一样贵，市场应当协助确保根据本发明的分散式提供的电力得到优先使用。
根据本发明的方法和供应***的另一个好处在于受恐怖袭击的可能性较低，由于没有电力线***连接可以受袭。在这方面，根据本发明的供应***具有高安全性。
由于可移动存储单元的大小，可以有利的方式使这些可移动存储单元适应于标准容器。在这方面，可以简单的方式运送大量电能。例如，在这方面，可远程运送风能到购买者和/或消费者。
适当的机动车辆可在例如支承面上具有用于多个蓄电单元的模型套件******。
另外，例如电动车辆使用者在没有自己的电源的情况下也可在市区驾驶；然而，他们可以在市区外具有自己的发电设备，例如光伏电站，例如作为合作社模式、作为社团等等，使用可移动存储单元将电能运送到市区，其中通常与通勤交通方向相反的方式进行这样的运送，由于是在日间经由例如光伏电站进行发电，对应的行程可在通勤交通通常由市区出来的晚间在市区内进行。
另外，这种新的供电***和/或供能***的虚拟形式，甚至可能的虚拟供热***(例如具有LaTherm存储单元)，有可能以非常简单分散的或区域的方式使电力或能源的供应和需求达到平衡，因此，也将购买力保留在相应的区域内。
这绝不只是关于提供能源。就本发明而言，较特别的是，所述虚拟供应***和所述电力的或者更广泛地说能源的供应和需求的平衡是经由这平台以及没有传统的供电***或者电力线供应***达到的。
为了确保这供应***的所有用户得到尽可能简单的电力或能源的互换，供应用于尽可能多的电动车辆和蓄电单元的对应测量技术和/或界面，以致于能够以简单的方式将电动车辆和蓄电单元“结合”于所述***中。
目前有以有利方式配置和进一步改良本发明的教导的多种可能性。为此，一方面参考上述描述，以及另一方面，参考以下本发明的优选实施例的说明并参照附图。在参照附图的本发明的优选实施例的说明中，也说明了其他一般优选配置以及该教导的改良。
附图说明
图1以示意图示出了一种根据本发明的分散式供应电能的供应***的实施例。
具体实施方式
在示意图中，图1示出了一种分散式供应电能的供应***的实施例。在这情况下，在可定义的地理区域内布置多个分散的电能生产者1。根据供应和/或需求藉由可移动存储单元3以不使用任何电力线***的方式在生产者1与电力的消费者2之间运送电能。在这方面，可以用设计简单的装置确定电力的可定义类型。例如，可以确保生产者1仅产生例如可再生能源。然后可根据供应和/或需求藉由可移动存储单元3将这能源运送至消费者2或其他生产者1。例如，当另一个生产者1出现电能需求增加的情况，可以将能源从一个生产者1运送至所述另一个生产者1。另外，还可以由多个生产者1向同一个消费者2供应电能。
通过机动车辆运送可移动存储单元3。生产者1形成分散式供应电能的分散式供应***。
由中央计算机(未示出)管理电能的供应和/或需求，或者由多个本地或区域供应***计算机管理电能的供应和/或需求，这些本地或区域供应***计算机进行超区域性供应和需求的平衡，其中多个分散的计算机较单一中央计算机更可靠。用适当的应用软件或移动应用程序监测电能供应和/或需求以及电能的预订、订购、和/或支付。
在这里所示的实施例中，运送存储单元3的机动车辆形成所谓的“电力线”，所述“电力线”把生产者1和/或消费者2彼此连接来运送电能。
多种***例如农场、购物商场、汽车代理商、甚至私人房屋都适合作为分散的生产者1。然而，这些列举不应视为无遗漏的。
至于根据本发明的方法和根据本发明的供应***的其他有利的配置，应当参考说明书的一般部分和附有的专利权利要求书以避免重复。
最后，必须明确指出的是，上述根据本发明的教导的实施例仅用于说明所要求的教导，而该教导并不限于该实施例。
附图编号列表
1 生产者
2 消费者
3 存储单元

Claims (17)

1.一种分散式供应能源的方法，其中在可定义的地理区域内布置多个分散的能源生产者(1)和/或能源供应者，其中根据能源的供应和/或需求藉由可移动存储单元(3)以不使用任何电力线***的方式在能源生产者(1)、能源供应者、能源购买者和/或能源消费者(2)之间运送能源，其特征在于，由中央计算机管理与用户使用的能源有关的能源的供应和需求，以及由应用软件监测能源的供应和需求，
其中所述可移动存储单元(3)由车辆经个别限定的运送路径运送，并且所述可移动存储单元(3)被相应地运送至所述能源生产者(1)和所述能源消费者(2)，用于由所述能源生产者(1)和所述能源消费者(2)相应地消耗来自所述可移动存储单元(3)的能源，
其中所述能源生产者和/或能源供应者形成分散式供应***，并且电动车辆的测量技术和/或界面被使用，以便结合所述分散式供应***的用户，
其中所述能源生产者、能源供应者、能源购买者以及能源消费者不通过任何电力线***连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述能源是电能或热能。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述车辆包括机动车辆，并且每个可移动存储单元(3)配置在相应的一个机动车辆上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，每个机动车辆是客车、卡车、公共汽车、摩托车、或火车车厢。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述机动车辆中的至少之一由电力驱动。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，用于能源的所述可移动存储单元被分配给所述生产者(1)和/或供应者。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述分散式供应***进一步包括固定的其他存储单元。
8.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述能源是可再生能源。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述能源由太阳、风力、水力发电、热能、地热能、或生物质产生。
10.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，监测与用户使用的能源有关的能源的供应和/或需求是经由互联网进行的。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述用户是注册的。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，经由手机上的应用软件进行所述监测。
13.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，经由另一应用软件进行能源的预订、订购、和/或支付。
14.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述机动车辆中的至少之一是使用来自由该机动车辆运送的可移动存储单元(3)的电能电力驱动的。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述车辆包括挂车。
16.一种分散式供应能源的供应***，所述供应***用于实施根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的方法，其中在可定义的地理区域内布置多个分散的能源生产者(1)和/或能源供应者，其中根据能源的供应和/或需求藉由可移动存储单元(3)以不使用任何电力线***的方式在能源生产者(1)、能源供应者、能源购买者和/或能源消费者(2)之间运送能源，其特征在于，所述供应***包括用于管理能源的供应和需求的中央计算机，使得通过应用软件能够监测能源的供应和需求。
17.根据权利要求16所述的供应***，其特征在于，所述能源是电能或热能。
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