CN107076104B - 附接在波能转换器上的设备 - Google Patents

附接在波能转换器上的设备 Download PDF

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CN107076104B
CN107076104B CN201580049308.8A CN201580049308A CN107076104B CN 107076104 B CN107076104 B CN 107076104B CN 201580049308 A CN201580049308 A CN 201580049308A CN 107076104 B CN107076104 B CN 107076104B
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塞伊德·***·格豪斯
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    • F03B13/188—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is flexible or deformable
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Abstract

一种自由漂浮式波能转换器，包括适于漂浮在水体的表面上的至少一个柔性管道，所述至少一个柔性管道具有入口端并具有出口端，所述入口端用于在所述至少一个柔性管道以一角度面向波的方向地锚定在水体中时接纳交替的水柱和空气柱，所述出口端与动力输出器和其他装置流体连通，所述自由漂浮式波能转换器包括：多个支撑件，所述多个支撑件在间隔开的位置处附接到所述至少一个柔性管道，所述支撑件中的每个横向于所述至少一个柔性管道的纵向轴线延伸并且从所述至少一个柔性管道沿相反的方向向外延伸；和至少两个能充气的管件，所述至少两个能充气的管件在所述至少一个柔性管道的相反侧上附接到所述支撑件，所述能充气的管件中的每个以大致平行于所述至少一个柔性管道的纵向轴线的方式纵向地延伸，其中所述至少一个柔性管道分别通过利用气体使所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件充气和放气而相对于水体的表面升高和降低。

Description

附接在波能转换器上的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及海洋波能转换器(WEC)领域。更具体而言，本发明是一种能够安装至新的WEC或加装到现有的WEC的设备，该设备为与用于提取波能的波能转换器一起使用的一个或多个柔性管道提供改进的可变浮力和增强的捕获宽度，从而提高这种WEC的效率和能量转换能力。
背景技术
特定的自由漂浮式波能类型的波能转换器已经通过本申请人的在先专利申请和授权专利公开，这些在先专利申请和授权专利为印度专利号239882的“自由漂浮式A型波能转换器(Free Floating A Wave Energy Converter)”、“自由漂浮式波能转换器(FreeFloating Wave Energy Converter)”(FFWEC)/(美国专利号US20080229745)等、“一种改进的自由漂浮式波能转换器(An Improved Free Floating Wave Energy Converter)”(IFFWEC)/【印度申请号2511/CHE/3458、WO2013014682A2、PCT/IN2012/000510、EP20120753590、CA2844023A1、CN103814211A、US20140157767】、以及名为“具有控制装置的自由漂浮式波能转换器(Free Floating Wave Energy Converter With ControlDevices)”的美国申请。
上面引用的发明实质上由漂浮在水体(即海洋表面)上且适应于波形的入口和柔性管道构成。柔性管道的口部与入口流体连通，其出口进一步与动力输出器和其他装置流体连通。入口将空气柱-水柱(slug)定量地供给至柔性管道中，空气柱-水柱被横波向前推动，在柔性管道中逐渐建立起压力—这能够用于驱动常规的水力发电机或者为了任何其他目的而泵送水。
本发明公开了用于增强和控制采用柔性管道提取波能的WEC的浮力的特定的改进。
在现有技术中，第2511/CHE/2011号印度申请描述了能充气的管件1300、1302的使用，其中图13B示出了一个实施例，该实施例具有特定的用于防止柔性管道在水体中下垂或下沉的装置和方法。
这种布置还意味着使得柔性管道204的一段行进到波谷之下直到一受控的深度，从而与水体的波高相比提高柔性管道204的振幅和有效波高。因此，柔性管道204的波能吸收能力将会与有效波高成比例地提高。为了将柔性管道暴露于较大的波阵面，柔性管道可以与迎面而来的波浪成角度地定向。
还参考印度专利申请20511/CHE/2011的图1以及其中相应的叙述，其中，由柔性管道204产生的压头被示出为有效波高、较少摩擦和其他损失的总和。
然而对于本领域技术人员来说明显的是，为了产生实际条件下的压头，还将包含多个其他因素，诸如以特定的速度、摩擦和抵抗压头的排放率向前推动水柱所需要的力。除了这些力之外，当柔性管道在水表面之下行进时，还由于水在柔性管道的外表面上的摩擦而存在特定的摩擦损失。
因此，柔性管道204和能充气的管件1300、1302的空气段的有效宽度或捕获宽度可能本身不足以防止所述布置在波峰之下下垂或下沉，特别是当压差(有效波高)增大时。
另外，将能充气的管件1300、1302附接到柔性管道204的细节以及由这种布置获得的附加的优点没有在之前的发明申请中讨论。
本发明公开了具有特定的改进、附加的特征和优点的实施例的细节。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，通过增大水段的捕获宽度、有效波高或压差并阻止柔性管道的下垂，加强采用用于提取波能的柔性管道的自由漂浮式波能转换器的能量提取能力。
附图说明
通过下文中结合附图考虑的对优选实施例进行的详细描述，本发明的上述和其他优点将变得明显。
图1(a)示出了具有空气和水柱但不具有压头的柔性管道；图1(b)示出了导致“相移和波高损失”的压头。
图2(a)、图2(b)和图2(c)分别示出了优选实施例的侧视图、正视图和俯视图。
具体实施方式
说明和所附的附图描述和例示出本发明的多种示例性实施例以形成和使用本发明，其不意欲以任何方式限制本发明的范围。关于所公开的方法，呈现的步骤实际上是示例性的，并且因此这些步骤的顺序不是必要的或决定性的。获得所期望的结果的特定的设计原理在随后的段落中讨论。
图1(a)示出了从页面的左手边向右手边移动的波“Wd”。柔性管道204与波1100同相地漂浮。入口将空气柱1012和水柱1011定量地供给(dose)至一个或多个柔性管道204的口部中，(未在图中示出)，其中没有能量被提取，被示出为空的高位槽1120，在高位槽1120内没有水或者是“零”压头(PH0)且没有考虑摩擦损失。
在此情况下，柔性管道204跟随波1100，同时浮心“B”和重心“G”以及空气柱和水柱1102/1101保持在相应的峰和谷的中心。浮力(Fb)和重量(W)作用于每个波的浮心(B)和重心(G)。然而，柔性管道的谷部由于其中的水的重量而稍微行进至波谷之下。柔性管道204的振幅ap和波高“H”几乎相同。
另一方面，图1(b)示出了漂浮于水表面上的柔性管道，入口将空气柱1011和水柱1012定量地供给至柔性管道204的口部中(未在图中示出)。柔性管道提取波能并由此产生压头“PHx”，压头“PHx”由内部具有一些水的高位槽1120表示。
空气柱和水柱在压力作用下从柔性管道204被泵送，穿过柔性管道的出口进入所述槽1120，产生压头PHx。以特定的速率和质量流量以及流体摩擦抵抗压头PHx泵送水会产生背压Hp，背压Hp作用于每个谷的CG，向后推动柔性管道204抵抗波的运动。所述力可解析为水平分量Hp(x)和竖直向下分量Hp(y)。除此之外，水柱的重量“W”还在竖直平面中向下作用。
此外，由于柔性管道204跟随波向前移动，所以柔性管道204的在水下行进的部分在外侧产生来自于水体的拉拽/摩擦“fw”。
G处的总的水平分量和竖直分量可解析为合成矢量“R”。
此外，浮力“Fb”向上竖直地作用于浮心“B”。水平分量Fy阻止柔性管道204的向前的运动，而竖直分量提供提升力Fx。
为了使上述的力平衡，水柱1011被向后推动并趋向于骑在前进波的峰上，而空气段1012之后移动且在波峰之下行进。重心“G”和浮心“B”过于滞后(lag)。
这导致柔性管道204沿着合成矢量“R”的方向在前进波1100的表面上施加水平压力Hp(x)+Fw和竖直压力Hp(y)，导致相移并且使柔性管道204的振幅apx与波高H相比减小特定的波高损失HL。因此，水柱的压差“Pd”也减小并且水柱开始下垂/下沉。前进波可越过柔性管道的顶部，使其下垂或下沉。
因此，压头越大，相移越大，压差越小且可提取的波能越小。
这还将使得水柱从一个谷段向另一个谷段向下流动，导致柔性管道下垂，无论之前的发明中所公开的实施例的能充气的管件1300提供的附加的浮力如何。
本发明的一个实施例1330提供了克服上述缺点的解决方案。
图2(a)、图2(b)和图2(c)示出了一个或多个柔性管道204，该柔性管道被适当地锚定、以一角度面向波地定向、漂浮在水体(即海洋表面)上，并且适应于波形。
其中，柔性管道204的口部与入口流体连通，其出口进一步与动力输出器和其他装置流体连通，动力输出器和其他装置未在附图中示出。
其中，入口将空气柱-水柱1012-1011定量地供给至柔性管道中，空气柱-水柱被横波向前推动，在柔性管道中逐渐建立起压力，这能够用于驱动常规的水力发电机或者为了任何其他目的而泵送水。
其中，在一个或多个柔性管道204的外部上，多个水平支撑件1315沿着柔性管道204的整个长度附接。
其中，水平支撑件1315在两侧向外均等地延伸，沿着柔性管道204的整个长度均匀地间隔开。
其中，水平支撑件1315具有适当的跨度。
其中，水平支撑件1315均匀地且适当地间隔开。
水平支撑件1315可以是梁、肋等，优选地由具有足够拉伸强度以承受期望的长度和轮廓的持续的负载波动的耐腐蚀且重量轻的材料制成，所述材料诸如为合成材料，所述负载波动诸如为格状构造。
其中，至少两个能充气的管件1300沿着一个或多个柔性管道204的长度附接到水平支撑件1315上。
其中，能充气的管件1300总体上布置为基本平行于柔性管道204。
其中，能充气的管件1300可以附接到水平支撑件1315的上侧、下侧或两侧。
其中，能充气的管件1300优选地由被选择性地充气和放气以改变其浮力的聚合材料或弹性橡胶等制成。
其中，能充气的管件1300被选择性地充气和放气以改变其浮力。
其中，能充气的管件1300可具有较小的长度且以串联的方式彼此流体连通地适当地互连。
其中，能充气的管件1300的前端和后端处的开口通过气动软管1317与压力源流体连通，所述压力源诸如为增压泵或压力舱208、压缩机，具有压力调节器、控制器、微处理器等，这些未在附图中示出。
通过增加能充气的管件1300的数量和/或直径以及水平支撑件1315的跨度，柔性管道的浮力和捕获宽度可成比例地增加。
当能充气的管件1300被完全加压时，沿着其整个长度的浮力将高至足以保持柔性管道204始终漂浮在水上方，即使柔性管道204完全充满了水。
当能充气的管件1300被放空，且一个或多个柔性管道几乎充满水时，将不会增强浮力。因此，柔性管道和附接的装置1330特别是在风暴期间可没入水中。通过将空气泵送回能充气的管件1300中，所述装置可重新露出水面并恢复正常操作。
随着能充气的管件1300中的压力被减小到一程度，底部段1300B由于水柱、柔性管道和附接的装置1330的结合的重量而开始下沉。因此，来自底部段1300B的空气将被挤出并且被推到能充气的管件的顶部段1300A中，进一步增大此处的浮力。
可见，可使得能充气的管件的顶部始终保持在波峰上方，而其底部段处于波谷之下。
通过调节能充气的管件1300中的空气的体积，与波的相应的波高H相比，能充气的管件和一个或多个柔性管道204布置1330的振幅ap以及压差pd可变化至一大的程度。
另外，随着能充气的管件的底部段1300B下沉，作用于其外表面上的水压随着深度而增大，从而逐渐地压缩/密封1300B内的通道，这将阻碍/防止空气在其顶部段之间自由地流动。
因此，能充气的管件1300A的顶部段将始终保持在波峰上方，即将形成锁相，从而防止柔性管道在波峰之下行进；否则将导致下垂。
由于波从管的前端向后端行进且如上所述地通过气动软管1317循环，因此能充气的管件1300A/能放气的管件1300B内的空气随着波而被向前推动。
由于波的参数将会变化，因此波的高度和长度将变化，保证了各段之间的空气柱和水柱的交换。出现这种情况时，能充气的管件1300的受影响的段之间的空气压差将超过能充气的管件的被挤压部分1300B的密封极限，从而允许空气在各段之间迁移。
因此，本发明的目的可通过采用前文段落中公开的装置和方法来实现。
相同操作和布置原理的各种其他排列和结合也是可能的，但是将不在本文中提及。
本文所涵盖的本发明的多个特性和优点在前文的描述中列出。然而，应该理解的是，本公开在许多方面仅仅是例示性的。
可以在不超出本发明的范围的情况下在细节上进行改变，特别是在形状、尺寸和部件的布置方面的改变。

Claims (20)

1.一种附接在波能转换器上的设备，包括适于漂浮在水体的表面上的至少一个柔性管道，所述至少一个柔性管道具有口部并具有出口端，所述至少一个柔性管道的口部用于在所述至少一个柔性管道以一角度面向波的方向地锚定在水体中时接纳交替的水柱和空气柱，所述出口端与动力输出器和其他装置流体连通，其中所述设备包括：
多个支撑件，所述多个支撑件在间隔开的位置处附接到所述至少一个柔性管道，所述多个支撑件中的每个横向于所述至少一个柔性管道的纵向轴线延伸并且从所述至少一个柔性管道沿相反的方向向外延伸；和
至少两个能充气和能放气的管件，所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件在所述至少一个柔性管道的相反侧上附接到所述多个支撑件，所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件中的每个以大致平行于所述至少一个柔性管道的纵向轴线的方式纵向地延伸，其中所述至少一个柔性管道分别通过利用气体使所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件充气和放气而相对于水体的表面升高和降低。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述气体是空气。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，在相反侧附接到所述多个支撑件的所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件能够被选择性地充气和放气。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备，包括与所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件流体连通的软管，所述软管用于将所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件连接到所述气体的气源。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述多个支撑件沿着所述至少一个柔性管道的纵向轴线均匀地间隔开。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件在被充气时将所述至少一个柔性管道保持在水体的表面上方。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，当所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件被放气并且同时水被引入所述至少一个柔性管道中时，所述至少一个柔性管道能够被没入到水体的表面之下。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，当所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件被部分充气时，所述至少一个柔性管道的顶部段能够保持在水体的表面上方，并且所述至少一个柔性管道的底部段能够没入到水体的表面之下。
9.一种设备，包括适于漂浮在水体的表面上的至少一个柔性管道，所述至少一个柔性管道具有口部并具有出口端，所述至少一个柔性管道的口部用于在所述至少一个柔性管道以一角度面向波的方向地锚定在水体中时接纳交替的水柱和空气柱，所述出口端与动力输出器和其他装置流体连通，所述设备包括：
多个支撑件，所述多个支撑件在间隔开的位置处附接到所述至少一个柔性管道。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备，其中，所述多个支撑件中的每个横向于所述至少一个柔性管道的纵向轴线延伸并且从所述至少一个柔性管道沿相反的方向向外延伸。
11.根据权利要求10所述的设备，其中，至少两个能充气和能放气的管件在所述至少一个柔性管道的相反侧上附接到所述多个支撑件。
12.根据权利要求11所述的设备，其中，所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件中的每个以大致平行于所述至少一个柔性管道的纵向轴线的方式纵向地延伸。
13.根据权利要求12所述的设备，其中，所述至少一个柔性管道分别通过利用气体使所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件充气和放气而相对于水体的表面升高和降低。
14.根据权利要求13所述的设备，其中，所述气体是空气。
15.根据权利要求11所述的设备，其中，在相反侧附接到所述多个支撑件的所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件能够被选择性地充气和放气。
16.根据权利要求11所述的设备，包括与所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件流体连通的软管，所述软管用于将所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件连接到所述气体的气源。
17.根据权利要求11所述的设备，其中，所述多个支撑件沿着所述至少一个柔性管道的纵向轴线均匀地间隔开。
18.根据权利要求11所述的设备，其中，所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件在被充气时将所述至少一个柔性管道保持在水体的表面上方。
19.根据权利要求11所述的设备，其中，当所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件被放气并且同时水被引入所述至少一个柔性管道中时，所述至少一个柔性管道能够被没入到水体的表面之下。
20.根据权利要求11所述的设备，其中，当所述至少两个能充气和能放气的管件被部分充气时，所述至少一个柔性管道的顶部段能够保持在水体的表面上方，并且所述至少一个柔性管道的底部段能够没入到水体的表面之下。
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