CN107064604A - A kind of current sensor device based on magnetic field sensing - Google Patents
A kind of current sensor device based on magnetic field sensing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107064604A CN107064604A CN201710326122.3A CN201710326122A CN107064604A CN 107064604 A CN107064604 A CN 107064604A CN 201710326122 A CN201710326122 A CN 201710326122A CN 107064604 A CN107064604 A CN 107064604A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R19/0046—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof characterised by a specific application or detail not covered by any other subgroup of G01R19/00
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Abstract
A kind of current sensor device based on magnetic field sensing, is related to giant magnetostrictive material sensing technology and current vortex displacement sensing technology.Purpose is the problem of the influenceing output result and can not directly be protected when breaking down in order to solve existing current sensor using optical element and need to be equipped with optoelectronic device.The magnetic field sensing cell of the present invention includes GMM rod and output rod, and GMM rod is used to sense the magnetic field of transmission line of electricity and produce axial stretching, so as to give output rod by strain transfer；Displacement sensing unit includes probe coil, exciting signal source, AC bridge, signal demodulating circuit and low-pass filter circuit；Exciting signal source is used to produce sinusoidal excitation signal, and the signal is loaded into the two ends of probe coil by AC bridge；Probe coil is used for the axial stretching for sensing GMM rod generation, and the induced signal of generation is sequentially passed through to be exported after signal demodulating circuit and low-pass filter circuit.The present invention is applied to the measurement of super system for ultra-high voltage transmission bus current.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to giant magnetostrictive material sensing technology and current vortex displacement sensing technology, belong to power train statistics
Amount and protection field.
Background technology
Current transformer is the important primary equipment of power system construction and operation, systematically to control and protecting to provide standard
True reliable metrical information, its operational reliability and measurement accuracy are directly connected to the safe and stable operation of power system.With
The fast development of technology of transmission of electricity, super UHV Transmission Engineering is increasing, the operation conditions of power system is needed by firmly
Control, this is accomplished by more advanced more satisfactory current sensor to complete this task.With the development of power industry, closely
Scientific research personnel has mainly focused on sight research novel optical current sensor over year.The material applied by it is divided,
Apply in current system and study more optical current sensor and be broadly divided into three kinds.One kind is using dense flint glass as representative
Sensor, another is the sensor using optical fiber as sensing material.Both materials all have Faraday characteristic, i.e.,
The material is placed in as in the magnetic field produced by transmission line of electricity, allowing a branch of linearly polarized light by the material, due to Faraday
Certain deflection will occur for effect, linearly polarized light angle in the material, and the angle and magnetic field intensity of deflection are linear.Therefore
Can be by detecting emergent light deflection angle monitoring current strength.The third has been combined by Fiber Bragg Grating FBG with GMM rod
Come the optical current sensor constituted.Its mechanism is：GMM and Fiber Bragg Grating FBG are pasted together so as to same along rod direction
The strain of two kinds of materials is walked, it is counter to push away its strain size by measuring the wavelength shift of grating, produce treating for magnetic field so as to obtain
Survey the size of DC current.
But the common weak point of these three optical current sensors has at 3 points：One is that the temperature drift of measurement accuracy is asked
Topic is the world-technology problem of optical current sensor；Two be that overall structure is complex, except the birefringence of light is tied to output
Fruit has an impact, and optoelectronic device also can produce influence to last data signal result in itself；Three be the outlet terminal of sensor all
It is data signal, transmission line of electricity can only be monitored by data signal, protection act can not be directly carried out by breaking down.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to solve existing current sensor using optical element and need to be equipped with optoelectronic device,
There is provided a kind of electric current based on magnetic field sensing for the problem of influenceing output result and can not directly be protected when breaking down
Sensing device.
A kind of current sensor device based on magnetic field sensing of the present invention includes magnetic field sensing cell (1) and displacement is passed
Feel unit (2)；
The magnetic field sensing cell (1) includes GMM rod (1-1) and output rod (1-2), and the GMM rod (1-1) is used to sense
The magnetic field of transmission line of electricity and produce axial stretching so that by strain transfer to output rod (1-2)；
The displacement sensing unit (2) includes probe coil (2-1), exciting signal source (2-2), AC bridge (2-3), letter
Number demodulator circuit (2-4) and low-pass filter circuit (2-5)；
The exciting signal source (2-2) is used to produce sinusoidal excitation signal, and the signal is loaded into by AC bridge (2-3)
The two ends of probe coil (2-1)；
Probe coil (2-1) is used for the axial stretching for sensing GMM rod generation, and its induced signal produced sequentially passes through signal
Exported after demodulator circuit (2-4) amplification and low-pass filter circuit (2-5) filtering.
GMM is the material with Magnetostrictive Properties, because doped with rare earth element, and under magnetic fields, the material phase
Than there is relatively large length and Volume Changes in traditional iron-based and Ni-based magnetostriction materials, therefore referred to as rare-earth super-magnetic
Cause telescopic material.In engineering, using this characteristic, electric energy and magnetic energy can efficiently be converted into mechanical energy, or by machinery
Electric energy can be efficiently converted into.
Magnetostriction materials mainly have three major types：Nickel and nickel-base alloys (Ni, Ni-Co), piezoceramic material (PZT) and dilute
Native giant magnetostrictive material (Giant Magnetostrctive Material abbreviation GMM).Ferromagnetic material is made in externally-applied magnetic field
With the phenomenon referred to as magnetostriction for issuing growth degree or Volume Changes.GMM is that have very big magnetostriction under room temperature and downfield
The ternary RE iron compound of coefficient, typical material is TbxDy1-xFe2-y, and this material has realized merchandized handling.Due to
GMM magnetostriction coefficient is referred to as rareearth super magnetostrictive material than about 2 orders of magnitude of traditional magnetostriction materials
Material.
GMM is a kind of new and effective magnetic (electricity) --- mechanical energy transition material, compared with Ni and PZT, with superior
Performance：(1) magnetostrictive strain amount at room temperature, is 40~50 times of Ni magnetostrictive strains, is that PZT electrostriction should
4~20 times become；(2) energy transition density is high, is 400~500 times of Ni, is 10~25 times of PZT；(3) fast response time,
Response speed is general below a few tens of milliseconds, even up to Microsecond grade；(4) High power output, load capacity is strong；(5) magnetomechanical is coupled
Coefficient is big, electromagnetic energy-mechanical energy high conversion efficiency, general up to 72%.
Using super UHV transmission line as excitation field source, magnetic field sensing cell utilizes the magnetostriction of giant magnetostrictive rod
Effect realizes the sensing function to transmission system bus magnetic field；Current vortex sensing unit medium-high frequency oscillating current is by extending electricity
Cable flows into probe coil, produces alternating magnetic field in probe end coil, induced electricity is produced on the metallic object in the magnetic field
Kinetic potential, conductive surface will produce induced-current.Therefore when measured body (the output rod of magnetic field sensing cell) is close to this magnetic field
When, then produce induced-current, i.e. current vortex on this measured body surface.
At the same time, the current vortex on measured body produces alternating magnetic field direction with high frequency oscillating current in probe end coil
Middle generation alternating magnetic field is in opposite direction, size of current and phase in probe coil is all changed, i.e. the resistance of probe coil
It is anti-to be changed, the eddy current effect of measured body is reflected with the change of probe coil impedance.
When the distance between measured body and probe change, probe coil equiva lent impedance also changes, impedance
Change causes the change of oscillating voltage, and post processing of the oscillating voltage Jing Guo signal condition demodulation changes into voltage (electric current) change,
It is finally completed the conversion of displacement-coil equiva lent impedance-voltage.
Its basic functional principle is：When search coil passes to high-frequency alternating current, alternating magnetic field is produced around coil, is located
Conductor inside alternating magnetic field scope will induce vortex.Vortex in conductor is produced and coil magnetic field magnetic in opposite direction
, the interaction of coil magnetic field and eddy current magnetism changes the impedance of search coil.When distance changes, coil is led with target
The magnetic coupling intensity of body changes, and the impedance of coil changes therewith, therefore can obtain mesh by the impedance of measuring coil
Mark the displacement information of conductor.
Optical element is not present in the present invention, therefore, it is possible to be prevented effectively from temperature drift problems；Optoelectronic device is not needed, will not
Influence is produced on output result；Final output signal is analog signal, transmission line of electricity can be monitored by analog signal, hair
Protection act can be directly carried out during raw failure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the current sensor device described in embodiment one, wherein 3 represent super UHV transmission system
System bus；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the magnetic field sensing cell described in embodiment two；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of prestressing mechanism in embodiment two；
Fig. 4 is the theory diagram of exciting signal source in embodiment three；
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of AC bridge in embodiment four；
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of signal demodulating circuit in embodiment five；
Fig. 7 is the circuit diagram of low-pass filter circuit in embodiment six.
Embodiment
Embodiment one：Illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 1, one kind described in present embodiment is based on magnetic field sensing
Current sensor device, including magnetic field sensing cell (1) and displacement sensing unit (2)；
The magnetic field sensing cell (1) includes GMM rod (1-1) and output rod (1-2), and the GMM rod (1-1) is used to sense
The magnetic field of transmission line of electricity and produce axial stretching so that by strain transfer to output rod (1-2)；
The displacement sensing unit (2) includes probe coil (2-1), exciting signal source (2-2), AC bridge (2-3), letter
Number demodulator circuit (2-4) and low-pass filter circuit (2-5)；
The exciting signal source (2-2) is used to produce sinusoidal excitation signal, and the signal is loaded into by AC bridge (2-3)
The two ends of probe coil (2-1)；
Probe coil (2-1) is used for the axial stretching for sensing GMM rod generation, and its induced signal produced sequentially passes through signal
Exported after demodulator circuit (2-4) amplification and low-pass filter circuit (2-5) filtering.
As shown in figure 1, GMM rod (1-1) is vertically arranged with transmission system bus, GMM rod (1-1) is same with output rod (1-2)
Axle is fixed.When transmission line of electricity has electric current to flow through, GMM rod just can sense the magnetic field of transmission line of electricity and produce it is axial flexible,
So as to give output rod (1-2) by the strain transfer of generation, from output rod (1-2) to the probe coil (2- of displacement sensing unit (2)
1) export.
The operation principle of displacement sensing unit (2) is：Due to the effect of electromagnetic induction, the electric whirlpool of rod (1-2) end face is exported
The alternating magnetic field that the alternating magnetic field and high frequency oscillating current for miscarrying raw are produced in probe coil (2-1) is in opposite direction, two friendships
Varying magnetic field interacts, and coil equiva lent impedance is because the change in magnetic field also can respective change.When GMM rod (1-1) and probe coil
When the distance between (2-1) changes, the frequency of oscillation of oscillating circuit is caused to change, the change of coil impedance is directly translated into
The change of voltage, the electric current of transmission system bus can be obtained according to the change of the voltage.
Embodiment two：Illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, present embodiment is to the institute of embodiment one
In the further restriction for the current sensor device stated, present embodiment, the magnetic field sensing cell (1) also includes prestressing mechanism
(1-3), bigoted field mechanisms, shell (1-4) and base (1-5)；
Base (1-5) and prestressing mechanism (1-3) are separately fixed at shell (1-4) two ends；GMM rod (1-1) and bigoted magnetic
Field mechanism is located at the interior volume surrounded by base (1-5), prestressing mechanism (1-3) and shell (1-4)；
GMM rod (1-1) is fixed on base (1-5)；Bigoted field mechanisms include permanent magnet (1-6) and fixing permanent magnet
The permanent magnetism brandreth of (1-6), the permanent magnet (1-6) is looped around around GMM rod (1-1)；
One end of output rod (1-2) is fixed on GMM rod (1-1) end face, and the other end passes through prestressing mechanism (1-3),
Catch (1-2-1) is fixed with output rod (1-2), it is internal that the catch (1-2-1) is located at prestressing mechanism (1-3)；
Prestressing mechanism (1-3) includes preloading spring (1-3-1), tightens nut (1-3-2) and outer cover (1-3-3), tightens
Nut (1-3-2) is connected with the threaded one end of outer cover (1-3-3), and preloading spring (1-3-1) is compressed in catch (1-2-1) with twisting
Between tight nut (1-3-2).
In present embodiment, permanent magnet ring is wound on around GMM rod, for providing bias magnetic field, to eliminate GMM dynamic applications
Under frequency-doubled effect, and mobile its operating point to the range of linearity of output characteristic curve, to improve the precision of device.
Fig. 3 show prestressing mechanism (1-3), and the left side of its outer cover (1-3-3) is fixed on shell in Fig. 2 (1-4)
Right-hand member, is mainly constituted by tightening nut (1-3-2) and preloading spring (1-3-1), is tightened nut (1-3-2) and is used for adjusting prestressing force
Size, so as to select suitable prestressing force size, improve GMM output performance and its tensile strength.
Embodiment three：Illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 4, present embodiment is to described in embodiment one and two
Current sensor device further restriction, in present embodiment, described exciting signal source (2-2) is real using DDS signal sources
It is existing.
As shown in figure 4, controlling DDS using MCU, the signal that DDS is produced amplifies through amplifier, then passes through AC bridge
(2-3) is loaded on probe coil (2-1).
Current sensor device is wanted to work, it is desirable to have signal is applied on probe coil (2-1), so just can be in measured body
Vortex is produced in (output rod (1-2)), accessible response signal is provided for subsequent conditioning circuit.
Exciting signal source (2-2) is used for the sinusoidal excitation signal for producing the 1MHz required for current sensor device, it is described just
String pumping signal need to be amplified to the amplitude of needs by amplifying circuit.Present embodiment is steady using design simplicity, frequency and amplitude
Qualitative all splendid DDS signal sources are as exciting signal source, while devising a high performance power amplifier (PA) to drive
Dynamic probe coil (2-1) and other bridge elements.The structure of whole exciting signal source (2-2) is as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment four：Illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 5, present embodiment is to described in embodiment one to three
Current sensor device further restriction, in present embodiment, described AC bridge (2-3) includes reference coil M, first
Sampling resistor and the second sampling resistor；
Probe coil (2-1), reference coil M, the first sampling resistor RS1With the second sampling resistor RS2Head and the tail are connected successively,
Form closed-loop path；
Two terminals of exciting signal source (2-2) output end connect the public of probe coil (2-1) and reference coil M respectively
End and the common port of the first sampling resistor and the second sampling resistor；
The common port of reference coil M and the first sampling resistor and probe coil (2-1) and the common port of the second sampling resistor
Between electrical potential difference for it is described stream electric bridge (2-3) output signal.
AC bridge (2-3) structure is as shown in figure 5, probe coil (2-1) is equivalent to the access in AC bridge (2-3)
Search coil, AC bridge (2-3) can produce response signal and separate response signal.The separation of response signal refers to output electricity
Imaginary part and real part in pressure realize separation, and real part represents inductance variable quantity, and imaginary part represents resistance change.Due to real part (with
The output signal of exciting signal source (2-2) is into 0 degree of phase difference) the inductance change of response signal is represented, become by measuring inductance
Change amount come obtain output rod (1-2) displacement information when only need to the driving voltage of AC bridge (2-3) as reference signal i.e.
Can, without 90 degree of phase shifts, further simplify the signal processing circuit of current sensor device, be conducive to improve its resolution ratio and
Stability.
Embodiment five：Illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 6, present embodiment is to the electricity described in embodiment four
Spread in the further restriction of induction device, present embodiment, described signal demodulating circuit (2-4) includes the first differential amplification
Device, lock-in amplifier and the second differential amplifier；
The in-phase input end connection reference coil M and the common port of the first sampling resistor of first differential amplifier, first is poor
The inverting input connection probe coil (2-1) of dynamic amplifier and the common port of the second sampling resistor；
The common port of first sampling resistor and the second sampling resistor connects the reference signal input of lock-in amplifier, first
The output end of differential amplifier connects the detection signal input part of lock-in amplifier；
The output end of lock-in amplifier connects the in-phase input end of the second differential amplifier, the second differential amplifier it is anti-phase
Input is used to access reference voltage signal, and the output end of the second differential amplifier is used as the signal demodulating circuit (2-4)
Output end.
The structure of signal demodulating circuit (2-4) is as shown in fig. 6, main differential by first for amplifying AC bridge signal
The second differential amplifier of amplifier, the lock-in amplifier for realizing phase sensitive detection and one with gain and bias-adjusted is constituted.
Based on the amplification of special bridge differential and genlocing amplification principle, present embodiment design is realized for handling currents sensing letter
Number signal demodulating circuit (2-4), for measuring coil impedance variations and be converted into displacement information.
Embodiment six：Illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 7, present embodiment is to described in embodiment one to five
Current sensor device further restriction, in present embodiment, it is logical that the low-pass filter circuit (2-5) includes two outputs
Road, one is high bandwidth channel, and another is high resolution channel.
The function of low-pass filter circuit (2-5) is mainly smooth signal demodulating circuit (2-4) output voltage, and follower is real
Existing output signal is isolated with the simple of pre-amplifier.
As shown in fig. 7, the low-pass filter circuit (2-5) includes two low-pass amplifiers, two followers and one
Base amplifier.The signal of signal demodulating circuit (2-4) output first passes through the low-pass amplifier that cut-off frequency is 10kHz and filtered
Ripple amplifies, and the signal after amplification can be from an output in two passages.One passage is：Directly exported by follower,
The characteristics of output terminals A in corresponding diagram 7, passage is high bandwidth, and range is big；Another passage is：Amplifier amplification is first passed through,
Then it is 100kHz low-pass amplifier filter and amplification through cut-off frequency, then is exported by follower, the output end in corresponding diagram
The characteristics of B, passage is high-resolution, and sensitivity and resolution ratio are all high, and range reduces therewith.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of current sensor device based on magnetic field sensing, it is characterised in that including magnetic field sensing cell (1) and displacement sensing
Unit (2)；
The magnetic field sensing cell (1) includes GMM rod (1-1) and output rod (1-2), and the GMM rod (1-1), which is used to sense, to be transmitted electricity
The magnetic field of circuit and produce axial stretching so that by strain transfer to output rod (1-2)；
The displacement sensing unit (2) includes probe coil (2-1), exciting signal source (2-2), AC bridge (2-3), signal solution
Adjust circuit (2-4) and low-pass filter circuit (2-5)；
The exciting signal source (2-2) is used to produce sinusoidal excitation signal, and the signal is loaded into probe by AC bridge (2-3)
The two ends of coil (2-1)；
Probe coil (2-1) is used for the axial stretching for sensing GMM rod generation, and its induced signal produced sequentially passes through signal demodulation
Exported after circuit (2-4) amplification and low-pass filter circuit (2-5) filtering.
2. current sensor device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the magnetic field sensing cell (1) also includes pre-
Answer force mechanisms (1-3), bigoted field mechanisms, shell (1-4) and base (1-5)；
Base (1-5) and prestressing mechanism (1-3) are separately fixed at shell (1-4) two ends；GMM rod (1-1) and bigoted magnetic field machine
Structure is located at the interior volume surrounded by base (1-5), prestressing mechanism (1-3) and shell (1-4)；
GMM rod (1-1) is fixed on base (1-5)；Bigoted field mechanisms include permanent magnet (1-6) and fixing permanent magnet (1-6)
Permanent magnetism brandreth, the permanent magnet (1-6) is looped around around GMM rod (1-1)；
One end of output rod (1-2) is fixed on GMM rod (1-1) end face, and the other end passes through prestressing mechanism (1-3), output
Catch (1-2-1) is fixed with rod (1-2), it is internal that the catch (1-2-1) is located at prestressing mechanism (1-3)；
Prestressing mechanism (1-3) includes preloading spring (1-3-1), tightens nut (1-3-2) and outer cover (1-3-3), tightens nut
(1-3-2) is connected with the threaded one end of outer cover (1-3-3), and preloading spring (1-3-1) is compressed in catch (1-2-1) and tightens spiral shell
Between female (1-3-2).
3. current sensor device according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described exciting signal source (2-2) is used
DDS signal sources are realized.
4. current sensor device according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described AC bridge (2-3) includes ginseng
Examine coil M, the first sampling resistor and the second sampling resistor；
Head and the tail are connected successively for probe coil (2-1), reference coil M, the first sampling resistor and the second sampling resistor, and formation is closed back
Road；
Two terminals of exciting signal source (2-2) output end connect respectively probe coil (2-1) and reference coil M common port,
And first sampling resistor and the second sampling resistor common port；
The common port and probe coil (2-1) of reference coil M and the first sampling resistor are between the common port of the second sampling resistor
Electrical potential difference for it is described stream electric bridge (2-3) output signal.
5. current sensor device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described signal demodulating circuit (2-4) includes
First differential amplifier, lock-in amplifier and the second differential amplifier；
The in-phase input end connection reference coil M and the common port of the first sampling resistor of first differential amplifier, first differential puts
The inverting input connection probe coil (2-1) of big device and the common port of the second sampling resistor；
The common port of first sampling resistor and the second sampling resistor connects the reference signal input of lock-in amplifier, and first is differential
The output end of amplifier connects the detection signal input part of lock-in amplifier；
The output end of lock-in amplifier connects the in-phase input end of the second differential amplifier, the anti-phase input of the second differential amplifier
Hold for accessing reference voltage signal, the output end of the second differential amplifier as the signal demodulating circuit (2-4) output
End.
6. current sensor device according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the low-pass filter circuit (2-5) includes two
Individual output channel, one is high bandwidth channel, and another is high resolution channel.
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| CN111257611A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-06-09 | 新乡学院 | Device for measuring transport current in superconducting wire by magnetic induction coil method |
| CN109470130A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-15 | 长沙市开启时代电子有限公司 | It is a kind of to send a reception differential type current vortex displacement detection device |
| CN109470130B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2024-02-27 | 湖南开启时代科技股份有限公司 | Transmitting-receiving differential type eddy current displacement detection device |
| CN110044246A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-23 | 北京清科电子有限责任公司 | A kind of preposition conditioning circuit of current vortex sensor |
| CN110031684A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-19 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of power cable eddy-current loss monitoring system |
| CN110031684B (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-12-22 | 广东工业大学 | Power cable eddy current loss monitoring system |
| CN110187005A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-30 | 东南大学 | A kind of bead wire curtain defect detecting device based on eddy current effect |
| CN110187005B (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2024-05-07 | 东南大学 | Tire steel wire curtain defect detection device based on vortex effect |
| CN112729479A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-30 | 北京斯克维思仪表有限公司 | Coil type magnetostrictive sensor |
| CN113945608A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-18 | 中国计量大学 | Magnetic induction phase shift measurement system based on magnetoelectric sensor |
| CN115166331A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-10-11 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Fiber current transformer based on fiber laser and GMM |
| CN115166331B (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2023-08-11 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Fiber current transformer based on fiber laser and GMM |
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Application publication date: 20170818 |