CN107063611B - Anti-seismic evaluation method for electrical equipment made of pillar composite material - Google Patents
Anti-seismic evaluation method for electrical equipment made of pillar composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for evaluating the seismic resistance of strut type composite material electrical equipment, which comprises the following steps: a bending test stress calculation step of performing a whole-column bending failure test on a first test piece identical to the bearing member of the pillar-type composite material electrical device, and calculating a stress sigma of a failure portion of the first test pieceU(ii) a A vibration table test stress calculation step of performing an earthquake simulation vibration table test on a second test piece which is the same as the pillar type composite material electrical equipment, and calculating the stress sigma of the damaged part of the second test pieceEAnd top displacement of the second specimen; an evaluation step, if σE≤σUAnd/1.67, and when the top displacement of the second test piece is less than or equal to the preset displacement, determining that the pillar-type composite material electrical equipment meets the anti-seismic requirement. According to the method, the material characteristics and the structural characteristics of the pillar type composite material electrical equipment can be taken into consideration, the accuracy of the anti-seismic evaluation result is greatly improved, and the safe operation of the power transmission project is further ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power systems, in particular to a method for evaluating the seismic resistance of pillar composite material electrical equipment.
Background
At present, a large amount of pillar type composite material electrical equipment is adopted in extra-high voltage alternating current and direct current projects, so that the stability of the pillar type composite material electrical equipment is particularly important. The earthquake action is an important factor influencing the stability of the pillar composite electrical equipment, and in order to reduce the influence of the earthquake action on the pillar composite electrical equipment, the pillar composite electrical equipment is usually subjected to earthquake resistance evaluation before being installed in a power transmission project, and the pillar composite electrical equipment can be applied to the power transmission project only if meeting the earthquake resistance requirement.
The anti-seismic performance of the pillar composite electrical equipment is usually evaluated by referring to an anti-seismic test and an evaluation method of common porcelain electrical equipment, however, the brittleness of the common porcelain electrical equipment is obvious, and the composite material has the characteristic of ductile failure, so that the materials and the structures of the pillar composite electrical equipment and the common porcelain electrical equipment are greatly different, and if the anti-seismic performance of the pillar composite electrical equipment is evaluated by referring to the anti-seismic evaluation method of the common porcelain electrical equipment, the anti-seismic evaluation result of the pillar composite electrical equipment is easy to be inaccurate, and further, the great potential safety hazard is brought to power transmission engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an anti-seismic evaluation method for pillar type composite material electrical equipment, and aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, the anti-seismic performance of the pillar type composite material electrical equipment is evaluated by referring to an anti-seismic evaluation method for common porcelain electrical equipment, so that the anti-seismic evaluation result is inaccurate.
The invention provides a method for evaluating the seismic resistance of strut type composite material electrical equipment, which comprises the following steps: a bending test stress calculation step of performing a whole-column bending failure test on a first test piece identical to the bearing member of the pillar-type composite material electrical device, and calculating a stress sigma of a failure portion of the first test pieceU(ii) a A vibration table test stress calculation step of performing an earthquake simulation vibration table test on a second test piece which is the same as the pillar type composite material electrical equipment, and calculating the stress sigma of the damaged part of the second test pieceEAnd top displacement of the second specimen; an evaluation step, if σE≤σUAnd/1.67, and when the top displacement of the second test piece is less than or equal to the preset displacement, determining that the pillar-type composite material electrical equipment meets the anti-seismic requirement.
Further, in the above pillar-like composite material electrical equipment seismic resistance evaluation method, the bending test stress calculation step further includes: a first mounting substep of mounting the strain gaugeMounting a first displacement meter at a first preset strain test position of a first test piece; a first load applying substep of applying a loading force perpendicular to the first test piece step by step to a preset position of the first test piece, and stopping applying the loading force when the first test piece is visibly damaged or internally damaged; a first determining substep of determining a damage site of the first test piece; a first stress calculation substep of calculating the stress sigma of the first test piece failure part according to the elastic modulus of the first test piece, the strain of the first test piece failure part and the loading force applied to the first test pieceU。
Further, in the above pillar-like composite material electrical equipment seismic resistance evaluation method, the first load application substep further includes: gradually applying a loading force vertical to the first test piece to the preset position of the first test piece; acquiring a loading force-displacement curve; and when the first test piece is visibly damaged or the first test piece is internally damaged, stopping applying the loading force to the first test piece, wherein the internal damage of the first test piece is that the loading force in the loading force-displacement curve is suddenly reduced by more than 20% or the slope of the loading force-displacement curve is smaller than 50% of the initial slope.
Further, in the anti-seismic evaluation method for the pillar-type composite material electrical equipment, in the first determining substep, if the first test piece is damaged visibly, the part where the first preset strain test position closest to the damaged part is located is determined as the damaged part of the first test piece; and if the first test piece is internally damaged, determining the part where the first preset strain test position closest to the root of the first test piece is located as the damaged part of the first test piece.
Further, in the above method for evaluating the seismic resistance of the pillar-like composite electrical device, the first stress calculating substep further includes: according to the formula σu1＝EuCalculating a first stress sigma of a damaged part of a first test pieceu1In the above formula, E is the modulus of elasticity of the first test piece,uis the strain at the failure site of the first specimen according to equation Lu＝0.5×(|Lu-shaped drawing|+|Lu pressure|) calculating the distance from the damaged part of the first test piece to the top end of the first test pieceFrom LuIn the above formula, Lu-shaped drawingDistance from the tensile side of the first specimen failure site to the first specimen tip, Lu pressureThe distance from the pressure side of the first test piece damage part to the top end of the first test piece is obtained; according to the formula
Calculating the bending moment of inertia W of the damaged part of the first test piece, wherein d is the diameter of the damaged part of the first test piece; according to the formula
Calculating a second stress sigma of the damaged part of the first test pieceu2In the above formula, F is the maximum value of the loading force in the loading force-displacement curve; if σu1And σu2Is less than 10%, the first stress sigma is adjustedu1Determining stress sigma of the first test piece failure partU(ii) a If σu1And σu2Is greater than or equal to 10%, the second stress sigma isu2Determining stress sigma of the first test piece failure partU。
Further, in the above method for evaluating the earthquake resistance of the pillar-like composite electrical equipment, the step between the first load application substep and the first determination substep further includes: and an elastic modulus calculation substep of calculating the elastic modulus of the first test piece according to the loading forces of all levels applied to the first test piece and the strain of each first preset strain test position under the loading forces of all levels.
Further, in the above pillar-like composite material electrical equipment seismic evaluation method, the elastic modulus calculation substep further includes: according to the formula
Calculating the bending moment of inertia W at each first predetermined strain test positioniIn the above formula, diThe diameter of the first test piece at each first preset strain test position; according to the formula
Calculating the loading force of the first test piece at each stageModulus of elasticity E at each of the lower first predetermined strain test locationsiIn the above formula, FjFor each stage of loading force applied to the first test piece, LiFor the distance of each first predetermined strain test position to the top end of the first test piece,itesting the strain at each first preset strain test position under each level of loading force; according to the formula
Calculating the average modulus of elasticity E of the first test piece at each level of loading forcejIn the above formula, n is the number of the first preset strain test positions; the average elastic modulus E of the first test piece under each level of loading forcejThe average value of (a) was determined as the elastic modulus E of the first test piece.
Further, in the above seismic evaluation method for the pillar-like composite electrical equipment, the step of calculating the test stress of the vibration table further includes: a second mounting substep, mounting the strain gauge at a second preset strain test position of a second test piece, and mounting a second displacement meter at the top end of the second test piece; a second load applying substep of applying a preset seismic load to the second test piece; a second determination substep of determining a damage site of the second test piece; a second stress calculation substep of calculating a stress σ of the second test piece failure portion based on the elastic modulus of the second test piece and the strain of the second test piece failure portionE(ii) a And a displacement determining substep of determining the top displacement of the second test piece based on the second displacement meter.
Further, in the anti-seismic evaluation method for the pillar-like composite electrical equipment, in the second determining substep, if the second test piece is damaged, the position where a second preset strain test position closest to the damaged position is located is determined as the damaged position of the second test piece; and if the second test piece is not damaged, determining the damaged part of the first test piece in the whole column bending resistance damage test as the damaged part of the second test piece.
Further, in the pillar-like composite material electrical equipment seismic resistance evaluation method, in the second stress calculation substep, the formula σ is used for calculating the stressE＝EECalculating the stress sigma of the second test piece at the damaged partEIn the above formulaAnd E is the modulus of elasticity of the second test piece,Eis the strain at the failure site of the second specimen.
According to the method, the anti-seismic performance of the pillar type composite material electrical equipment is evaluated by calculating the ratio of the stress of the first test piece to the stress of the second test piece calculated by the earthquake simulation vibration table test according to the whole-pillar bending resistance failure test and the top displacement of the second test piece in the earthquake simulation vibration table test.
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Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a seismic evaluation method for a pillar-like composite electrical device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a step of calculating bending test stress in the anti-seismic evaluation method for pillar-like composite electrical equipment according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first test piece in the method for evaluating the seismic resistance of the pillar-like composite electrical equipment according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a first load application substep in the method for evaluating the seismic resistance of a pillar-like composite electrical device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a first stress calculating substep in the method for evaluating seismic resistance of a pillar-like composite electrical device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating seismic resistance of a pillar-like composite electrical device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of an elastic modulus calculation sub-step in a method for evaluating seismic resistance of a pillar-like composite electrical device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of a step of calculating a test stress of a vibration table in the method for evaluating the anti-seismic performance of the pillar-like composite electrical equipment according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a second test piece in the method for evaluating the seismic resistance of the pillar-like composite electrical device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic layout view of each second preset strain test position in the anti-seismic evaluation method for pillar-like composite electrical equipment according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating seismic resistance of a pillar-like composite electrical device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the pillar-like composite material electrical equipment seismic resistance evaluation method may include the following steps:
bending test stress calculation step S1, a whole column bending failure test is performed on a first test piece identical to the carrier member of the pillar-type composite material electrical device, and the stress σ at the failure portion of the first test piece is calculatedU。
Specifically, the pillar-like composite material electrical equipment to be tested is used as a first test piece to be subjected to column alignmentIn the flexural failure test, the first test piece should contain all of the load bearing members, which may include: the electrical equipment and the connection of each part, and the first test piece should not contain non-bearing parts, such as a sheath, a grading ring and other non-stressed parts, so that the first test piece only contains the bearing part of the pillar type composite material electrical equipment to be tested. Carrying out a whole-column bending failure test on the first test piece, determining the failure part of the first test piece after the whole-column bending failure test is finished, and calculating the stress sigma of the failure part of the first test pieceU。
A vibration table test stress calculation step S2 of performing a seismic simulation vibration table test on a second test piece identical to the pillar-type composite material electrical device, and calculating a stress σ of a failure portion of the second test pieceEAnd top displacement of the second specimen.
Specifically, the complete and undamaged pillar-like composite material electrical equipment to be tested is taken as a second test piece. When the earthquake simulation shaking table test is carried out, the second test piece is a complete pillar type composite material electrical device containing all accessories, namely: all load bearing components and non-load bearing components, wherein the load bearing components comprise: the connection of electrical equipment and each part, non-carrier part includes: and non-stressed components such as a sheath and a grading ring. The first test piece and the second test piece are both the pillar type composite material electrical equipment to be tested, only the first test piece only comprises a bearing part of the pillar type composite material electrical equipment to be tested, and the second test piece comprises the bearing part and a non-bearing part of the pillar type composite material electrical equipment. Performing an earthquake simulation shaking table test on the second test piece, determining the damage part of the second test piece after the earthquake simulation shaking table test is completed, and calculating the stress sigma of the damage part of the second test pieceEAnd top displacement of the second specimen.
Evaluating step S3 if σE≤σUAnd/1.67, and when the top displacement of the second test piece is less than or equal to the preset displacement, determining that the pillar-type composite material electrical equipment meets the anti-seismic requirement.
Specifically, only σ is satisfied at the same timeE≤σU1.67 and second test pieceWhen the top displacement is less than or equal to the preset displacement, the pillar type composite material electrical equipment to be tested can be determined to meet the anti-seismic requirement. And the preset displacement of the pillar type composite material electrical equipment below the voltage level of 220kV in the earthquake simulation vibration table test is 210mm, and the top displacement of the second test piece is controlled within 210 mm. The preset displacement of the 220kV-330 kV-grade pillar composite material electrical equipment in the earthquake simulation vibration table test is 260mm, and the top displacement of the second test piece is controlled within 260 mm. The preset displacement of the 330kV-500 kV-grade strut composite material electrical equipment in the earthquake simulation vibration table test is 310mm, and the top displacement of the second test piece is controlled within 310 mm. The preset displacement of the 500kV-800 kV-grade pillar composite material electrical equipment in the earthquake simulation vibration table test is 460mm, and the top displacement of the second test piece is controlled within 460 mm. And the preset displacement of the pillar type composite material electrical equipment with the alternating current of 1000kV or direct current +/-800 kV in the earthquake simulation vibration table test is 600mm, and the top displacement of the second test piece is controlled within 600 mm. Alternatively, the ratio of the top displacement of the second specimen to the height of the second specimen is less than 1/18.
In the embodiment, the ratio of the stress of the first test piece to the stress of the second test piece calculated by the earthquake simulation vibration table test and the top displacement of the second test piece in the earthquake simulation vibration table test are calculated according to the whole-column bending resistance failure test to evaluate the earthquake resistance of the pillar type composite material electrical equipment.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart of a step of calculating bending test stress in the pillar-like composite material electrical equipment seismic resistance evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the bending test stress calculating step S1 may further include the steps of:
the first mounting substep S11 mounts the strain gauge at a first preset strain test position of the first test piece, and mounts the first displacement gauge at a preset position of the first test piece.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, the first test piece 1 is generally a columnar body. The first test piece 1 is provided with a plurality of first preset strain test positions 5, and each of the first preset strain test positions 5 is arranged in the height direction (the direction from top to bottom shown in fig. 3) of the first test piece 1. Since the first test piece 1 is a cylindrical body, in order to better test the strain of each part of the first test piece 1, each of the first preset strain test positions 5 includes: the two first preset strain test points are symmetrical relative to the center of the first test piece, are positioned on the same circumference of the first test piece 1 and are positioned at the same height, and are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the first test piece. The number of the strain gauges 2 is the same as that of the first preset strain test points, and the strain gauges 2 are correspondingly arranged on the first preset strain test points one by one. The preset position of the first test piece 1 may be the top of the first test piece 1 (the upper part shown in fig. 3), and the first displacement meter 4 is installed on the top of the first test piece 1.
And a first load applying substep S12 of applying a loading force perpendicular to the first test piece step by step to the preset position of the first test piece, and stopping applying the loading force when the first test piece is visibly damaged or internally damaged.
Specifically, referring to fig. 4, the first load applying substep S12 may further include the steps of:
and a substep S121 of applying a loading force perpendicular to the first test piece to the preset position of the first test piece step by step.
Specifically, the actuator 3 applies a loading force to a preset position of the first test piece 1, wherein the preset position should correspond to the mounting position of the first displacement meter 4, that is, the actuator 3 applies a loading force to the position where the first displacement meter 4 is mounted. In the present embodiment, the first displacement meter 4 is mounted on the top of the first test piece 1, and the actuator 3 applies a loading force to the top of the first test piece 1. The loading force is applied step by step, the direction of the loading force is vertical to the placing direction of the first test piece, and if the first test piece 1 is placed horizontally, the direction of the loading force is vertical; if the first test piece 1 is placed vertically, the direction of the loading force is the horizontal direction.
And a substep S122 of acquiring a loading force-displacement curve.
Specifically, in the whole column bending test, a loading force-displacement curve at the preset position of the first test piece 1 is obtained according to the loading force applied to the preset position of the first test piece 1 step by step and the displacement measured by the first displacement meter 5. In this embodiment, a loading force-displacement curve of the top of the first test piece is obtained according to the loading force applied to the top of the first test piece 1 step by step and the displacement of the top of the first test piece 1 measured by the first displacement meter 5 under each level of loading force. Wherein, the abscissa in the loading force-displacement curve is displacement, and the ordinate is loading force.
And a third substep S123 of stopping applying the loading force to the first test piece when the first test piece is visibly damaged or the first test piece is internally damaged, wherein the internal damage of the first test piece is that the loading force in the loading force-displacement curve is suddenly reduced by more than 20% or the slope of the loading force-displacement curve is less than 50% of the initial slope.
Specifically, the visible damage of the first test piece 1 is a human-visible damage. For three conditions of visible damage of the first test piece, sudden drop of the loading force by more than 20% in the loading force-displacement curve, and slope of the loading force-displacement curve being less than 50% of the initial slope, as long as any one of the conditions occurs, the application of the loading force to the first test piece 1 is stopped, namely, the whole column bending test is stopped.
The first determining substep S13 determines a damage site of the first specimen.
Specifically, if the first test piece 1 has visible damage, the position where the first preset strain test position closest to the damaged position is located is determined as the damaged position of the first test piece 1. In specific implementation, the failure part of the first test piece is the part where failure occurs, and for convenience of subsequent stress calculation, the part where the first preset strain test position closest to the failure part is located is used as the calculated failure part of the first test piece 1. When there are two first preset strain test sites 5 closest to the failure site, the site where one of the first preset strain test sites 5 is optionally located is determined as the calculated failure site of the first test piece 1.
If the first test piece 1 is internally damaged, determining a part where a first preset strain test position closest to the root of the first test piece 1 is located as a damaged part of the first test piece, wherein the root of the first test piece is the bottom of the first test piece (the lower part shown in fig. 3).
The first stress calculation substep S14 calculates the stress σ of the first test piece at the failure site according to the elastic modulus of the first test piece, the strain of the first test piece at the failure site, and the load applied to the first test pieceU。
Specifically, the elastic modulus of the first test piece 1 may be a value specified by a manufacturer, or may be calculated from a whole column bending test. Because the first preset strain test position 5 corresponding to the damage part of the first test piece 1 is provided with two first preset strain test points, the average value of the absolute values of the strains tested by the strain gages 2 at the two first preset strain test points is used as the strain of the damage part of the first test piece.
It can be seen that, in this embodiment, through setting up each step in the whole-column bending test, the accuracy of stress calculation of the first test piece can be ensured, and then the accuracy of the evaluation of the anti-seismic performance of the pillar composite electrical equipment is improved, and moreover, the method is simple and convenient.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a flowchart of a first stress calculation substep in the method for evaluating the anti-seismic performance of the pillar-like composite electrical device according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the first stress calculation substep S14 may further comprise the steps of:
substep S141, based on the formula σu1＝EuCalculating a first stress sigma of a damaged part of a first test pieceu1In the above formula, E is the modulus of elasticity of the first test piece,uis a first test pieceStrain at the failure site.
Specifically, after the above-described first determining substep S13 determines the failure site of the first test piece 1, the first stress σ of the failure site of the first test piece 1 may be calculated from the strain at the failure site of the first test piece 1u1. The elastic modulus E of the first test piece 1 may be a value specified by a manufacturer, or may be calculated according to a whole column bending test. According to the formulau＝0.5×(|u-shaped drawing|+|u pressure|) calculating the strain at the damaged portion of the first test piece 1uRecording the strain tested by the strain gauge 2 at the first preset strain testing point on the tension side in the first preset strain testing position corresponding to the damage part of the first test piece 1 asu-shaped drawingIn the case of the graph of figure 3,u-shaped drawingThe strain at the first preset strain test point on the left side. Recording the strain tested by the strain gauge 2 at the first preset strain test point on the stressed side in the first preset strain test position corresponding to the damaged part of the first test piece 1 as the strainu pressureIn the case of the graph of figure 3,u pressureThe strain at the first pre-set strain test point on the right side.
Substep S142, according to equation Lu＝0.5×(|Lu-shaped drawing|+|Lu pressure|) calculate the distance L from the first specimen's damaged portion to the first specimen's tipuIn the above formula, Lu-shaped drawingDistance from the tensile side of the first specimen failure site to the first specimen tip, Lu pressureThe distance from the pressure side of the first test piece damage part to the top end of the first test piece.
Specifically, after the first test piece 1 is subjected to the whole column bending test, the damaged portion of the first test piece 1 may be deformed, and the distance L from the pulled side of the first test piece 1 to the top end of the first test piece 1 should be calculatedu-shaped drawingI.e., the distance from the left side of the broken portion of the first specimen 1 to the top end of the first specimen in fig. 3, the distance L from the pressure side of the first specimen 2 to the top end of the first specimen 2 should also be calculatedu pressureI.e. the distance from the right side of the damaged portion of the first specimen 1 to the top end of the first specimen in fig. 3.
Substep S143, according to the formula
And calculating the bending moment of inertia W of the damaged part of the first test piece, wherein d is the diameter of the damaged part of the first test piece.
Specifically, since the breakage portion of the first specimen 1 may be deformed, it is necessary to determine the diameter d at the breakage portion of the first specimen 1.
Substep S144, according to the formula
Calculating a second stress sigma of the damaged part of the first test pieceu2In the above formula, F is the maximum value of the loading force in the loading force-displacement curve.
Specifically, after the above-described first determining substep S13 determines the failure site of the first test piece 1, the second stress σ of the failure site of the first test piece 1 may also be calculated from the loading force at the failure site of the first test piece 1u2If the first test piece 1 is a single-column type pillar composite electrical device, the loading force corresponding to the end point of the elastic section in the loading force-displacement curve or the first inflection point of the loading force-displacement curve is used as the limit loading force F of the first test piece, and if the first test piece 1 is a multi-column type pillar composite electrical device, the end point of the elastic section in the loading force-displacement curve or the maximum loading force after the glue is broken is used as the limit loading force F of the first test piece L in the formulauMay be calculated in the above substep S142, and W may be calculated in substep S143.
Substep S145, if σu1And σu2Is less than 10%, the first stress sigma is adjustedu1Determining stress sigma of the first test piece failure partU(ii) a If σu1And σu2Is greater than or equal to 10%, the second stress sigma isu2Determining stress sigma of the first test piece failure partU。
In the embodiment, the first stress and the second stress of the damaged part of the first test piece are respectively calculated according to the strain and the loading force of the damaged part of the first test piece 1, and the stress of the damaged part of the first test piece is determined according to the first stress and the second stress, so that the stress of the damaged part of the first test piece 1 can be accurately calculated, and the accuracy of the anti-seismic evaluation result of the pillar type composite material electrical equipment is improved.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating anti-seismic performance of a pillar-like composite electrical device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the bending test stress calculating step S1 may further include the steps of:
the first mounting substep S11 mounts the strain gauge to a first predetermined strain test point of the first test piece, and mounts the first displacement gauge at a predetermined position of the first test piece.
And a first load applying substep S12 of applying a loading force perpendicular to the first test piece step by step to the preset position of the first test piece, and stopping applying the loading force when the first test piece is visibly damaged or internally damaged.
And an elastic modulus calculation substep S15, which calculates the elastic modulus of the first test piece according to the loading forces applied to the first test piece at each stage and the strain at each first preset strain test position under each loading force.
The first determining substep S13 determines a damage site of the first specimen.
The first stress calculation substep S14 calculates the stress σ of the first test piece at the failure site according to the elastic modulus of the first test piece, the strain of the first test piece at the failure site, and the load applied to the first test pieceU。
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, for specific implementation processes of the first installation substep S11, the first load application substep S12, the first determining substep S13 and the first stress calculation substep S14, reference may be made to the above-described embodiment, and details of this embodiment are not repeated herein. Furthermore, the elastic modulus calculation sub-step S15 and the first determination sub-step S13 are not in sequence.
It can be seen that, in this embodiment, the elastic modulus of the first test piece is calculated in the whole-column bending test, and the accuracy of the elastic modulus of the first test piece can be effectively ensured, so that the accuracy of stress calculation of the damaged part of the first test piece is improved, and the accuracy of the anti-seismic evaluation result of the pillar composite material electrical equipment is ensured.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a flowchart of an elastic modulus calculation sub-step in a method for evaluating the anti-seismic performance of a pillar-like composite electrical device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the elastic modulus calculation sub-step S15 may further include the following sub-steps:
substep S151, according to the formula
Calculating the bending moment of inertia W at each first predetermined strain test positioniIn the above formula, diThe diameter of the first specimen at each first preset strain test position is measured.
Specifically, the first preset strain test positions 5 are plural, and since the diameters of the respective portions of the first test piece 1 are not necessarily the same, the diameter d of the first test piece 1 at each first preset strain test position 5 under each level of loading force is determined firstiThen according to the formula
Calculating the bending moment of inertia W of the first test piece at each first preset strain test position 5 under each level of loading forcei. Although each first preset strain test position 5 includes two first preset strain test points located on the same circumference and at the same height, the two first preset strain test points are still regarded as one first preset strain test position.
Substep S152, according to the formula
Calculating the elastic modulus E of the first test piece at each first preset strain test position under each level of loading forceiIn the above formula, FjFor each stage of loading force applied to the first test piece, LiFor each firstPresetting the distance from the strain test position to the top end of the first test piece,ithe strain at each first preset strain test position at each level of loading force is measured.
Specifically, since the loading force is applied step by step, the elastic modulus E of the first test piece 1 at each first preset strain test position 5 needs to be calculated every time the loading force is appliediUntil visible or internal destruction of the first test piece 1 occurs, the modulus of elasticity of the first test piece 1 at each first predetermined strain test position 5 under the loading force is no longer calculated, even if the loading force continues to be applied by the actuator 3. j-1, 2, 3 … j is the number of times each stage of loading force was applied before visible or internal failure of the first specimen occurred. The strain at each first predetermined strain test site 5 at each level of loading force is according to the formulai＝0.5×(|Ila|+|Pressure iI), in which formula,ilaFor the strain at the strain test point on the tension side in each first preset strain test position,pressure iThe strain at the strain test point on the compression side in each first preset strain test position is measured. W in the formulaiCan be calculated in the above substep S151.
Substep S153, according to the formula
Calculating the average modulus of elasticity E of the first test piece at each level of loading forcejIn the above formula, n is the number of the first predetermined strain test positions.
Substep S154, the average elastic modulus E of the first test piece under each level of loading forcejThe average value of (a) was determined as the elastic modulus E of the first test piece.
Specifically, the average elastic modulus E of the first test piece 1 to be calculated at each stage of the loading forcejThe sum is divided by the number of times the loading force is applied at each stage, thereby calculating the elastic modulus E of the first specimen.
It can be seen that, in this embodiment, the elastic modulus of the first test piece is calculated in the whole column bending failure test, so that the elastic modulus of the first test piece is more accurate, and further the calculated stress of the first test piece is more accurate, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the anti-seismic evaluation result of the pillar-type composite material electrical equipment.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a flowchart of a vibration table test stress calculation step in the pillar-like composite material electrical equipment seismic resistance evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the vibration table test stress calculating step S2 may further include:
the second mounting substep S21 mounts the strain gauge at a second preset strain test position of the second test piece, and mounts the second displacement gauge at the top end of the second test piece.
Specifically, referring to fig. 9 and 10, the second preset strain test site 7 is plural, and each of the second preset strain test sites 7 is arranged in the height direction of the second test piece 6 (the direction from top to bottom shown in fig. 9). Each second preset strain test position 7 may comprise: the four second preset strain test points are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the second test piece 7, are positioned on the same circumference and the same height of the second test piece 7, and are used for testing the strain in the X direction, and the other two second preset strain test points are used for testing the strain in the Y direction. And one strain gauge 2 is arranged at each second preset strain test point. Specifically, the position where the strain gage 2 is arranged can be referred to fig. 10.
Before the earthquake simulation shaking table test is carried out, the fortification earthquake acceleration, earthquake motion input parameters, earthquake excitation direction and support amplification factor need to be determined. The design basic seismic acceleration and the fortification seismic acceleration are determined according to the plant site seismic zoning and the electrical facility importance level applied to the experimental equipment engineering, and specifically refer to table 1.
Table 1 shows the corresponding relationship between seismic fortification intensity and designed basic seismic acceleration and fortification seismic acceleration
The seismic motion input parameters can be determined according to an acceleration response spectrum of a characteristic period of 0.9s, wherein the acceleration response spectrum of the characteristic period of 0.9s can be determined according to relevant regulations of seismic simulation shaking table tests.
Aiming at the earthquake excitation direction, the earthquake simulation vibration table test can be carried out on the pillar type composite material electrical equipment which is in an axisymmetric structure and is vertically installed only by inputting earthquake waves in one horizontal direction. The non-vertically installed pillar type composite material electrical equipment can input seismic waves in both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction to perform a seismic simulation vibration table test, wherein the peak value of a vertical direction waveform component is 0.65 times of that of a horizontal direction waveform component.
The bracket amplification factor is a parameter considered when the pillar-type composite material electrical equipment is not provided with the bracket, and the influence of the bracket is considered in a mode of increasing the input in proportion when the pillar-type composite material electrical equipment without the bracket is subjected to the earthquake simulation vibration table test. For the electric equipment of the column composite material used for alternating current or direct current 220kV-750kV and below, the earthquake motion input is amplified according to the coefficient of 1.2 times. For the column composite material electrical equipment with the alternating current or direct current of more than 750kV, the earthquake motion input is amplified according to the coefficient of 1.4 times.
The top of the pillar-type composite material electrical equipment is provided with components such as hardware fittings, pipe nuts and the like in the actual power transmission project, so when the earthquake simulation vibration table test is carried out, a balance weight 10 needs to be applied to the top of the second test piece 6 to simulate the stress condition of the pillar-type composite material electrical equipment in the actual power transmission project. The weight 10 can be calculated according to half of the total mass of the maximum span pipe bus and the hardware, when the design data is lacked, the electric equipment of the pillar type composite material of 500kV and below is adopted according to 100kg, and the weight of more than 500kV is adopted according to 150 kg.
When the earthquake simulation shaking table test is carried out, the second test piece can be fixed on the earthquake simulation shaking table through bolts, and the number and the specification of the bolts can be consistent with those of the actual power transmission engineering. The second test piece 6 may also be connected to the earthquake simulation shaking table through a transition connection plate, and of course, other connection methods may also be adopted, which is not limited in this embodiment. For a vertically mounted post-like composite electrical device, the mounting of the second test piece 6 can be assembled according to fig. 9. For a pillar electrical apparatus that is not vertically installed, the installation direction of the second test piece 6 is the same as that in the actual power transmission project. The bolt torque between each unit of the second test piece 6 is applied according to the design requirements of the pillar-like composite material electrical equipment.
When the earthquake simulation shaking table test is carried out, the second displacement meter 8 is installed at the top of the second test piece 6, the second displacement meter 8 is used for measuring the displacement at the top of the second test piece 6, a third displacement meter 9 is further installed on the table top of the earthquake simulation shaking table, and the third displacement meter 9 is used for measuring the displacement of the table top. The second displacement meter 8 and the third displacement meter 9 may be both a wire displacement meter or a laser displacement meter, and of course, other displacement meters may be used, which is not limited in this embodiment. When the earthquake simulation shaking table test is carried out, an acceleration sensor 11 is also arranged on the second test piece 6 and the table surface of the earthquake simulation shaking table.
And a second load applying substep S22 of applying a preset seismic load to the second test piece.
Specifically, the test was carried out as follows:
a) testing free attenuation, namely testing the damping ratio through a free attenuation section after tension release or impact;
b) white noise dynamic characteristic exploration test working conditions;
c) the method comprises the following steps of (1) performing waveform iteration test working conditions, wherein the waveform iteration reproduces a low-amplitude (such as 0.1g) test input waveform;
d) inputting the test working condition by earthquake wave strong shock;
e) and (5) detecting the dynamic characteristic of the white noise to test the working condition.
The second determining substep S23 determines the damage site of the second test piece.
Specifically, if the second test piece 6 is damaged, the part where the second preset strain test position closest to the damaged part is located is determined as the damaged part of the second test piece. In specific implementation, the failure part of the second test piece 6 is the part where failure occurs, and for convenience of subsequent stress calculation, the part where the second preset strain test position closest to the failure part is located is used as the calculated failure part of the second test piece 6. When there are two second preset strain test positions 7 closest to the failure site, the site where one of the second preset strain test positions 7 is optionally located is determined as the calculated failure site of the second test piece.
If the second test piece 6 is not damaged, the damaged portion of the first test piece 1 in the whole column bending failure test is determined as the damaged portion of the second test piece 6. Because the first test piece 1 and the second test piece 6 are to-be-tested pillar-like composite material electrical equipment, each part of the first test piece 1 corresponds to each part of the second test piece 6 one by one, and if the second test piece 6 is not damaged in the earthquake simulation vibration table test, the part corresponding to the damaged part of the first test piece 1 in the whole-column bending resistance damage test is determined as the damaged part of the second test piece 6.
A second stress calculation substep S24 of calculating the stress σ of the second test piece failure portion from the elastic modulus of the second test piece and the strain of the second test piece failure portionE。
In particular, according to the formula σE＝EECalculating the stress sigma of the second test piece at the damaged partEIn the above formula, E is the modulus of elasticity of the second test piece,Eis the strain at the failure site of the second specimen.
The elastic modulus E of the second test piece may be a value specified by a manufacturer, and since the first test piece 1 and the second test piece 6 are both the pillar-type composite material electrical equipment to be tested, the material and the structure of the first test piece 1 and the second test piece 6 are the same, the elastic modulus of the first test piece 1 may also be calculated by the elastic modulus calculation substep S15 in the whole pillar bending test as the elastic modulus E of the second test piece 6. Each second preset strain test position 7 comprises two second preset strain test points in the X direction and two second preset strain test points in the Y direction, so that the strain of the damaged part of the second test piece 6 is the strain of the second preset strain test position 7 corresponding to the damaged part of the second test piece 6, and the strain is the maximum value of the strain in the X direction and the strain in the Y direction. That is, the average of the absolute values of the strains at the two second preset strain test points in the X direction is determined as the strain in the X directionxI.e. byx＝0.5×(|x1|+|x2|) and then determining the average value of the absolute values of the strain at the two second preset strain test points in the Y direction as the strain in the Y directionyI.e. byy＝0.5×(|y1|+|y2| to compare the strain in the X directionxAnd strain in the Y directionyDetermining the maximum value as the strain of the second specimen at the damaged portionE。
And a displacement determining substep S25 of determining the top displacement of the second test piece based on the second displacement meter.
It can be seen that in the embodiment, the stress of the second test piece 6 in the earthquake simulation shaking table test is accurately calculated, so that the accuracy of the earthquake resistance evaluation result of the pillar-type composite material electrical equipment can be ensured.
In summary, in the embodiment, the anti-seismic performance of the pillar-type composite material electrical equipment is evaluated by calculating the ratio of the stress of the first test piece to the stress of the second test piece through the whole-column bending failure test and calculating the top displacement of the second test piece through the earthquake simulation vibration table test, and the evaluation method can take the material characteristics and the structural characteristics of the pillar-type composite material electrical equipment into consideration, so that the accuracy of an anti-seismic evaluation result is greatly improved, and the safe operation of the power transmission engineering is ensured.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. The anti-seismic evaluation method for the pillar composite material electrical equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a bending test stress calculation step of performing a whole-column bending failure test on a first test piece identical to a bearing member of a pillar-type composite material electrical device, and calculating a stress sigma of a failure portion of the first test pieceU；
A vibration table test stress calculation step, wherein a second test piece which is the same as the pillar type composite material electrical equipment is subjected to an earthquake simulation vibration table test, and the stress sigma of the damaged part of the second test piece is calculatedEAnd top displacement of the second specimen;
an evaluation step, if σE≤σUThe top displacement of the second test piece is smaller than or equal to the preset displacement, and the pillar type composite material electrical equipment is determined to meet the anti-seismic requirement;
the bending test stress calculating step further comprises:
a first mounting substep, mounting a strain gauge at a first preset strain test position of the first test piece, and mounting a first displacement meter at a preset position of the first test piece;
a first load applying substep of applying a loading force perpendicular to the first test piece step by step to a preset position of the first test piece, and stopping applying the loading force when the first test piece is visibly damaged or internally damaged;
a first determination substep of determining a damage site of the first test piece;
and a first stress calculation substep of calculating the stress of the first test piece damage part according to the elastic modulus of the first test piece, the strain of the first test piece damage part and the loading force applied to the first test piece.
2. A post type composite material electrical apparatus earthquake resistance evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein said first load application substep further comprises:
gradually applying a loading force vertical to the first test piece to the preset position of the first test piece;
acquiring a loading force-displacement curve;
and when the first test piece is subjected to visible damage or the first test piece is subjected to internal damage, stopping applying the loading force to the first test piece, wherein the internal damage of the first test piece is that the loading force in the loading force-displacement curve is suddenly reduced by more than 20% or the slope of the loading force-displacement curve is smaller than 50% of the initial slope.
3. The method for seismic evaluation of a pillar-like composite electrical equipment according to claim 1, wherein in the first determining substep,
if the first test piece is visibly damaged, determining the position where a first preset strain test position closest to the damaged position is located as the damaged position of the first test piece;
and if the first test piece is internally damaged, determining the position of a first preset strain test position closest to the root of the first test piece as the damaged position of the first test piece.
4. The method for seismic estimation of a post-like composite electrical device of claim 2, wherein the first stress calculation substep further comprises:
according to the formula σu1＝EuCalculating a first stress sigma of the first test piece failure partu1Wherein E is the modulus of elasticity of the first test piece,ustrain of a damaged part of the first test piece;
according to formula Lu＝0.5×(|Lu-shaped drawing|+|Lu pressure|) calculate the distance L from the first specimen destruction site to the first specimen tipuIn the above formula, Lu-shaped drawingThe distance from the tension side of the first specimen failure site to the first specimen tip, Lu pressureThe distance from the pressure side of the first test piece damage part to the top end of the first test piece is obtained;
according to the formula
Calculating the bending moment of inertia W of the first test piece at the damaged part, wherein d is the diameter of the first test piece at the damaged part;
according to the formula
Calculating a second stress sigma of the first test piece failure partu2Wherein, in the above formula, F is the maximum value of the loading force in the loading force-displacement curve;
if σu1And σu2Is less than 10%, the first stress sigma is adjustedu1Determining the stress sigma of the first test piece failure partU(ii) a If σu1And σu2Is greater than or equal to 10%, the second stress sigma isu2Determining the stress sigma of the first test piece failure partU。
5. A method for seismic evaluation of a strut-like composite electrical device according to claim 1, wherein between the first load application substep and the first determination substep further comprises:
and an elastic modulus calculation substep of calculating the elastic modulus of the first test piece according to the loading forces of all levels applied to the first test piece and the strain of each first preset strain test position under the loading forces of all levels.
6. An earthquake resistance evaluation method for a post-like composite material electrical apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the elastic modulus calculation substep further comprises:
according to the formula
Calculating the bending moment of inertia W at each first predetermined strain test positioniIn the above formula, diThe diameter of the first test piece at each first preset strain test position is determined;
according to the formula
Calculating the elastic modulus E of the first test piece at each first preset strain test position under each level of loading forceiIn the above formula, FjL for each stage of loading force applied to the first specimeniFor each first predetermined strainThe distance from the test position to the top end of the first test piece,itesting the strain at each first preset strain test position under each level of loading force;
according to the formula
Calculating the average modulus of elasticity E of the first test piece under each level of loading forcejIn the above formula, n is the number of the first preset strain test positions;
the average elastic modulus E of the first test piece under each level of loading forcejThe average value of (d) was determined as the elastic modulus E of the first test piece.
7. A method for seismic assessment of a stanchion-like composite electrical equipment according to claim 1, wherein said vibrating table test stress calculation step further comprises:
a second mounting substep, mounting a strain gauge at a second preset strain test position of the second test piece, and mounting a second displacement meter at the top end of the second test piece;
a second load applying substep of applying a preset seismic load to the second test piece;
a second determination substep of determining a damage site of the second test piece;
a second stress calculation substep of calculating a stress σ of the second test piece failure portion based on the elastic modulus of the second test piece and the strain of the second test piece failure portionE；
And a displacement determining substep of determining the top displacement of the second test piece according to the second displacement meter.
8. An earthquake resistance evaluation method for a post-like composite material electrical equipment according to claim 7, wherein in the second determination substep,
if the second test piece is damaged, determining the part, where a second preset strain test position closest to the damaged part is located, as the damaged part of the second test piece;
and if the second test piece is not damaged, determining the damaged part of the first test piece in the whole column bending resistance damage test as the damaged part of the second test piece.
9. The method for earthquake resistance assessment of post-like composite material electrical equipment according to claim 7, wherein in said second stress calculation substep,
according to the formula σE＝EECalculating the stress sigma of the second test piece damage partEWherein E is the modulus of elasticity of the second test piece,Ethe strain of the second specimen failure site is used.
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