CN107056986B - Clean production process of chitosan-based super absorbent resin - Google Patents
Clean production process of chitosan-based super absorbent resin Download PDFInfo
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- CN107056986B CN107056986B CN201710201231.2A CN201710201231A CN107056986B CN 107056986 B CN107056986 B CN 107056986B CN 201710201231 A CN201710201231 A CN 201710201231A CN 107056986 B CN107056986 B CN 107056986B
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0027—2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucans; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/003—Chitin, i.e. 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-(beta-1,4)-D-glucan or N-acetyl-beta-1,4-D-glucosamine; Chitosan, i.e. deacetylated product of chitin or (beta-1,4)-D-glucosamine; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cleaning process for directly producing chitosan-based super absorbent resin by using chitin. Mixing a small amount of high-concentration strong base with chitin powder, performing vacuum or freeze-thaw cycle treatment to force alkali molecules to permeate into chitin particles, diluting to obtain a homogeneous chitin solution, performing mild homogeneous deacetylation treatment at a low alkali concentration to obtain chitosan solutions with different deacetylation degrees, directly adding an initiator, acrylic acid and a cross-linking agent into the chitosan solution, and standing at a constant temperature for polymerization to obtain the chitosan-based super absorbent resin. The residual alkali molecules after deacetylation are utilized to neutralize acrylic acid, and the product exists in a hydrogel form, so that no redundant reagent is discharged, the post-treatment process is simplified, the environmental pollution can be effectively reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of polymer hydrogel, in particular to a clean production process of chitosan-based super absorbent resin.
Background
Chitosan is the only basic polysaccharide which exists in large quantity and is found by people so far, has good biocompatibility, multiple biological activities and excellent physicochemical properties and processability, and chitosan-based materials are widely applied to various fields of biological medicine, physiological hygiene, food industry, chemical industry, textile printing and dyeing, agriculture, environmental protection and the like. The super absorbent resin is a novel moderately cross-linked material with a three-dimensional gel network structure, can absorb water which is hundreds of thousands of times of the self dry weight, and the hydrogel formed after water absorption and swelling has good water retention and weather resistance, and is widely applied to the fields of agriculture and forestry, buildings, food, oil drilling, medical treatment and health, environmental protection and the like. The chitosan-based super absorbent resin not only has the excellent performance of the traditional super absorbent resin, but also has unique antibacterial performance, pH value, ion responsiveness, drug loading performance and the like, and has wide and important potential application value in the fields of medicine, health and nursing. At present, the preparation methods of chitosan-based super absorbent resins include solution polymerization, reversed-phase suspension polymerization, microwave-assisted polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization and the like, but most of the methods are in the laboratory research stage. Soluble chitin having a deacetylation degree of more than 55% and being soluble in 1% hydrochloric acid or acetic acid is generally regarded as chitosan, but in nature, the amount of chitosan present is very small, and it is widely present mainly in the form of its precursor chitin in arthropods such as shrimps, crabs, insects, and fungal cells such as mushrooms and aspergilli. Chitosan is mainly produced by deacetylating chitin by high-concentration alkali, although the production process is mature, the chitosan needs to be deacetylated by using 45-50% NaOH solution with 10 times volume at 90 ℃ for 10 hours, the energy consumption is high, the time is long, only a very small amount of NaOH is used for carrying out deacetylation reaction, and a large amount of NaOH is discharged, so that the resource waste is caused, and the serious environmental pollution is caused. How to fully utilize resources and reduce environmental pollution is one of the major issues of attention of the majority of chemical workers.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a synthesis process for directly synthesizing a pH-responsive super absorbent resin with excellent performance of chitosan-based super absorbent resin by taking chitin as a raw material so as to meet the requirements of resource-saving and environment-friendly industrial production.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a clean production process of chitosan-based super absorbent resin is completed by the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: dispersing 1 part by weight of chitin powder into 3-7 parts by weight of 25-45wt% strong alkali solution, and forcing the strong alkali solution to permeate into the chitin particles through freeze-thaw cycle treatment;
(2) preparing an alkali chitin solution: adding 20-40 parts by weight of pure water into the pretreated alkali chitin mixture obtained in the step (1), and directly using the mixture or preparing a chitosan solution by homogeneous deacetylation for use;
(3) standing and polymerizing at constant temperature: directly adding 0.075-0.1 part by weight of initiator ammonium persulfate, 10-14 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 0.075 part by weight of cross-linking agent disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate or 0.02 part by weight of cross-linking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide into the chitin solution or the chitosan solution obtained in the step (2), and placing the mixture in a thermostatic water bath at 60-75 ℃ for reacting for 2-7h to obtain white or transparent hydrogel;
(4) drying the super absorbent resin: and adding a small amount of ethanol into the hydrogel obtained in the previous step to prevent the gel cut into small blocks from adhering again, and placing the gel blocks in a drying oven at 50-70 ℃ for forced air drying to obtain the chitosan-based super absorbent resin.
Further, the strong alkaline solution is one of LiOH, NaOH, and KOH.
Further, the freezing temperature of the freeze-thaw cycle treatment is-15 to-25 ℃, and the thawing adopts one of natural thawing, thermostatic water bath thawing, high-pressure cooking or microwave thawing.
Further, acrylic acid is filtered to remove precipitates, then is directly added into the chitosan solution, and is neutralized by residual deacetylated alkali without adding any additional alkali, and the neutralization degree of acrylic acid is controlled to be 30-80% according to the amount of alkali used in raw material pretreatment.
Further, ethanol added for preventing adhesion is filtered and distilled for recycling and then is reused.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the high-concentration alkali chitin mixture is treated by forced permeation, so that strong alkali molecules are ensured to permeate into the chitin particles, the deacetylation requirement is met, the alkali dosage can be greatly reduced, and the alkali dosage is less than 50% of that of the traditional process.
2) The chitin is treated by forced osmosis, and the formed alkalized chitin can be directly dissolved in water while deacetylating the chitin.
3) The alkalized chitin is further subjected to mild deacetylation treatment under homogeneous conditions, and the obtained chitosan has better solubility.
4) Acrylic acid directly reacts with chitosan-alkali solution, and the residual deacetylated alkali is used for neutralizing the acrylic acid, so that the acrylic acid is neutralized without adding extra alkali, the process is simplified, no extra alkali solution is discharged, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
5) The reaction is completed under homogeneous phase condition, only static heat preservation is needed, stirring is not needed, and energy consumption is reduced.
6) The reaction product exists in a gel form, no redundant solvent is discharged, the post-treatment process is simple, and the treatment cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the process flow of the clean production process of chitosan-based super absorbent resin of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the water absorption of chitosan-based super absorbent resin by soaking in 0.1mol/L HCl and 3.5mmol/L NaOH respectively for different periods of time;
FIG. 3 shows the water absorption of chitosan-based super absorbent resin soaked in 0.1mol/L HCl and 3.5mmol/L NaOH respectively for different times;
FIG. 4 shows the water absorption rates of chitosan-based super absorbent resin soaked in 0.1mol/L HCl and pure water respectively for different times.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
according to the flow shown in figure 1, weighing 1 part by weight of powdered chitin, adding 4 parts by weight of 40wt% NaOH solution, uniformly stirring, putting into a refrigerator at-18 ℃ for freezing overnight, taking out, putting into a water bath for thawing, continuously performing freezing/thawing treatment twice, forcing NaOH to permeate into chitin particles, adding 20 parts by weight of pure water, stirring and dissolving to obtain chitin solution; respectively adding 12 parts by weight of Acrylic Acid (AA), 0.1 part by weight of Ammonium Persulfate (APS) and 0.02 part by weight of N, N' -Methylene Bisacrylamide (MBA) into the solution directly, stirring uniformly, and then placing the mixture into a water bath at 65 ℃ for standing reaction for 5 hours; cutting the gel formed after the reaction into small blocks, adding a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol to prevent the gel from adhering again, and placing the gel blocks at 65 ℃ for air blast drying for 12h to obtain 15 parts by weight of super absorbent resin.
The water absorption multiplying power in pure water, tap water, physiological saline and artificial urine is 981 +/-25, 510 +/-15, 86 +/-2 and 95 +/-1 g/g respectively; as shown in figure 2, the water absorption is 14 +/-2 g/g after soaking in 0.1mol/L HCl for 2 h; directly soaking with pure water for 3 times, 6h each time, the water absorption rate is 420 +/-38 g/g, and if directly soaking with 3.5mmol/L NaOH for about 15h, the water absorption rate is 646 +/-16 g/g; as shown in figure 3, after being soaked for 10 times in HCl-NaOH circulation, the water absorption rate of the resin soaked in distilled water is up to 1145 +/-10 g/g even higher than that before the resin is soaked, and the resin has obvious pH value responsiveness.
Example 2:
weighing 1 part by weight of powdered chitin, adding 4 parts by weight of 40wt% NaOH solution, uniformly stirring, freezing in a refrigerator at the temperature of-18 ℃ overnight, taking out, unfreezing in a water bath, continuously carrying out freezing/unfreezing treatment twice, forcing NaOH to permeate into chitin particles, adding 20 parts by weight of pure water, stirring and dissolving to obtain chitin solution; placing the chitin solution at room temperature for 4 days; respectively adding 12 parts by weight of Acrylic Acid (AA), 0.1 part by weight of Ammonium Persulfate (APS) and 0.02 part by weight of N, N' -Methylene Bisacrylamide (MBA) into the solution directly, stirring uniformly, and then placing the mixture into a water bath at 65 ℃ for standing reaction for 5 hours; cutting the gel formed after the reaction into small blocks, adding a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol to prevent the gel from adhering again, and drying the gel blocks at 65 ℃ by air blast for 12 hours to obtain 15 parts by weight of super absorbent resin; the water absorption rates in pure water, tap water, physiological saline and artificial urine are 1395 +/-22, 340 +/-16, 76 +/-7 and 86 +/-2 g/g respectively; after the materials are circularly soaked for 10 times by HCl-NaOH, the water absorption can still reach 383 +/-1 g/g.
Example 3:
weighing 1 part by weight of powdered chitin, adding 4 parts by weight of 40wt% NaOH solution, uniformly stirring, freezing in a refrigerator at the temperature of-18 ℃ overnight, taking out, unfreezing in a water bath, continuously carrying out freezing/unfreezing treatment twice, forcing NaOH to permeate into chitin particles, adding 20 parts by weight of pure water, stirring and dissolving to obtain chitin solution; placing the chitin solution at room temperature for 10 days; respectively adding 12 parts by weight of Acrylic Acid (AA), 0.1 part by weight of Ammonium Persulfate (APS) and 0.02 part by weight of N, N' -Methylene Bisacrylamide (MBA) into the solution directly, stirring uniformly, and then placing the mixture into a water bath at 65 ℃ for standing reaction for 5 hours; cutting the gel formed after the reaction into small blocks, adding a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol to prevent the gel from adhering again, and drying the gel blocks at 65 ℃ by air blast for 12 hours to obtain 15 parts by weight of super absorbent resin; the water absorption rates in pure water, tap water, physiological saline and artificial urine are 2150 +/-32, 530 +/-4, 86 +/-2 and 90 +/-3 g/g respectively, and the water absorption rate can still reach 489 +/-52 g/g after 10 times of cyclic soaking by HCl-NaOH.
Example 4:
weighing 1 part by weight of powdered chitin, adding 4 parts by weight of 40wt% NaOH solution, uniformly stirring, freezing in a refrigerator at the temperature of-18 ℃ overnight, taking out, unfreezing in a water bath, continuously carrying out freezing/unfreezing treatment twice, forcing NaOH to permeate into chitin particles, adding 20 parts by weight of pure water, stirring and dissolving to obtain chitin solution; placing the chitin solution at 35 deg.C for 2 days; respectively adding 12 parts by weight of Acrylic Acid (AA), 0.1 part by weight of Ammonium Persulfate (APS) and 0.02 part by weight of N, N' -Methylene Bisacrylamide (MBA) into the solution directly, stirring uniformly, and then placing the mixture into a water bath at 65 ℃ for standing reaction for 4 hours; cutting the gel formed after the reaction into small blocks, adding a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol to prevent the gel from adhering again, and drying the gel blocks at 65 ℃ by air blast for 12 hours to obtain 15 parts by weight of super absorbent resin; the water absorption rates in pure water, tap water, physiological saline and artificial urine were 2182 + -45, 557 + -9, 91 + -2 and 90 + -1 g/g, respectively.
Example 5:
weighing 1 part by weight of powdered chitin, adding 5 parts by weight of 40wt% NaOH solution, uniformly stirring, freezing in a refrigerator at the temperature of-15 ℃ overnight, taking out, unfreezing in a water bath, continuously carrying out freezing/unfreezing treatment twice, forcing NaOH to permeate into chitin particles, adding 20 parts by weight of pure water, stirring and dissolving to obtain chitin solution; respectively adding 14 parts by weight of Acrylic Acid (AA), 0.1 part by weight of Ammonium Persulfate (APS) and 0.075 part by weight of disodium Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetate (EDTA) into the solution directly, stirring uniformly, and then placing the solution in a water bath at 70 ℃ for standing reaction for 3 hours; cutting the gel formed after the reaction into small blocks, adding a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol to prevent the gel from adhering again, and drying the gel blocks at 65 ℃ by air blast for 12 hours to obtain 16 parts by weight of super absorbent resin; as shown in FIG. 4, the water absorption rate in pure water is 1136 + -34 g/g, and after 10 times of HCl cyclic soaking, the water absorption rate in pure water can still reach 270 + -15 g/g.
Example 6:
weighing 1 part by weight of powdered chitin, adding 2.67 parts by weight of NaOH, adding 4 parts by weight of pure water, standing at room temperature for 1 day, carrying out freezing/unfreezing treatment once, adding 40 parts by weight of pure water to dissolve to obtain a chitin solution, directly adding 10 parts by weight of Acrylic Acid (AA), 0.1 part by weight of Ammonium Persulfate (APS) and 1 part by weight of sodium acetate into the solution respectively, stirring uniformly, and then placing in a 70 ℃ water bath for standing reaction for 2 hours; cutting the gel formed after the reaction into small blocks, adding a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol to prevent the gel from adhering again, and drying the gel blocks at 65 ℃ for 12 hours by air blast to obtain 7 parts by weight of super absorbent resin; as shown in FIG. 4, the water absorption rate in pure water is 1157g/g, after 1 time of HCl soaking, the water absorption rate in pure water is 367g/g, and after 10 times of HCl cyclic soaking, the water absorption rate in pure water can still reach 170 +/-22 g/g.
Example 7:
weighing 1 part by weight of powdered chitin, adding 6 parts by weight of 35wt% NaOH solution, uniformly stirring, putting into a refrigerator at minus 25 ℃ for freezing overnight, taking out, putting into a microwave oven for thawing for 5 minutes, adding 20 parts by weight of pure water, and stirring for dissolving to obtain a chitin solution; respectively adding 10 parts by weight of Acrylic Acid (AA), 0.075 part by weight of Ammonium Persulfate (APS) and 0.02 part by weight of N, N' -Methylene Bisacrylamide (MBA) into the solution directly, stirring uniformly, and then placing the mixture into a water bath at 65 ℃ for standing reaction for 5 hours; cutting the gel formed after the reaction into small blocks, adding a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol to prevent the gel from adhering again, and drying the gel blocks at 65 ℃ for 12 hours by air blast to obtain 9 parts by weight of super absorbent resin; the water absorption capacity in pure water was 769. + -. 19 g/g.
Example 8:
weighing 1 part by weight of powdered chitin, adding 2.67 parts by weight of NaOH, adding 4 parts by weight of pure water, uniformly stirring, placing in a vacuum oven at normal temperature for 2 hours, then placing in a refrigerator at-18 ℃ for freezing overnight, taking out, placing in a water bath for thawing, continuously freezing/thawing once, forcing NaOH to permeate into chitin particles, adding 25 parts by weight of pure water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a chitin solution; placing the chitin solution at 25 deg.C for 1 day; directly adding Acrylic Acid (AA), Ammonium Persulfate (APS) and N, N' -Methylene Bisacrylamide (MBA) into the solution respectively, stirring uniformly, placing in a water bath at 65 ℃ and standing for reaction for 5 hours; cutting the gel formed after the reaction into small blocks, adding a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol to prevent the gel from adhering again, placing the gel blocks at 65 ℃ for air blast drying for 12h to obtain the super absorbent resin, wherein the dosage and the product water absorption rate of each weight part of chitin are listed in a table.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are described in the specification and illustrated only for illustrating the principle of the present invention, but various changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention as claimed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A clean production process of chitosan-based super absorbent resin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: dispersing 1 part by weight of chitin powder into 3-7 parts by weight of 25-45wt% strong alkali solution, and forcing the strong alkali solution to permeate into the chitin particles through freeze-thaw cycle treatment;
(2) preparing an alkali chitin solution: adding 20-40 parts by weight of pure water into the pretreated alkali chitin mixture obtained in the step (1), and directly using the mixture or preparing a chitosan solution by homogeneous deacetylation for use;
(3) standing and polymerizing at constant temperature: directly adding 0.075-0.1 part by weight of initiator ammonium persulfate, 10-14 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 0.075 part by weight of cross-linking agent disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate or 0.02 part by weight of cross-linking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide into the chitin solution or the chitosan solution obtained in the step (2), and placing the mixture in a thermostatic water bath at 60-75 ℃ for reacting for 2-7h to obtain white or transparent hydrogel;
(4) drying the super absorbent resin: and adding a small amount of ethanol into the hydrogel obtained in the previous step to prevent the gel cut into small blocks from adhering again, and placing the gel blocks in a drying oven at 50-70 ℃ for forced air drying to obtain the chitosan-based super absorbent resin.
2. The clean production process of chitosan-based super absorbent resin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strong alkaline solution is one of LiOH, NaOH and KOH.
3. The clean production process of chitosan-based super absorbent resin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the freezing temperature of the freeze-thaw cycle treatment is-15 to-25 ℃, and the thawing is one of natural thawing, thermostatic water bath thawing, high-pressure cooking or microwave thawing.
4. The clean production process of chitosan-based super absorbent resin as claimed in claim 1, wherein acrylic acid is filtered to remove precipitate and then directly added into chitosan solution, and the residual alkali from deacetylation is used to neutralize it without adding alkali, and the neutralization degree of acrylic acid is controlled to be 30-80% according to the usage amount of alkali during raw material pretreatment.
5. The clean production process of chitosan-based super absorbent resin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ethanol added for preventing adhesion is filtered and distilled for recycling.
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| CN107446066A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2017-12-08 | 福建师范大学 | The preparation method of water soluble chitosan |
| CN107955099A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-04-24 | 安徽省东乾食品有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the absorbing membrane based on vegetable and fruit packaging |
| CN108219070A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-29 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | A kind of novel salt tolerant super absorbent resin and preparation method thereof |
| CN112321749B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2023-05-23 | 池州学院 | Neutral chitin capable of being directly dissolved in alkali liquor and preparation method thereof |
| CN112390910B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-11-29 | 池州学院 | Preparation method of super absorbent resin without chemical cross-linking agent |
| CN112592431A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-02 | 陈凤春 | Degradable cellulose grafted acrylic acid-based high-water-absorptivity hydrogel and preparation method thereof |
| CN113663654B (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2024-05-24 | 江苏大学 | Preparation method of modified biomass charcoal composite chitosan-based adsorbent |
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