CN107052610B - Hole opening structure and hole opening method on large-diameter thick-wall container shell - Google Patents
Hole opening structure and hole opening method on large-diameter thick-wall container shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN107052610B CN107052610B CN201710448530.6A CN201710448530A CN107052610B CN 107052610 B CN107052610 B CN 107052610B CN 201710448530 A CN201710448530 A CN 201710448530A CN 107052610 B CN107052610 B CN 107052610B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B35/00—Methods for boring or drilling, or for working essentially requiring the use of boring or drilling machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of design and manufacture of boiler pressure containers, in particular to a hole opening structure on a shell of a large-diameter thick-wall container and a hole opening method thereof. The opening structure is divided into three sections and comprises a first section of straight hole, a second section of conical hole and a third section of straight hole which are sequentially connected, wherein the second section of conical hole is optimally designed; the first section of straight hole is communicated with the outside of the shell, the second section of tapered hole extends to the periphery of the first section of straight hole at a proper angle, and the third section of straight hole is communicated with the inside of the shell. The invention aims to provide a hole structure design on a shell of a large-diameter thick-wall container, so as to reduce the cutting processing amount of the inner wall of the shell during hole opening, greatly reduce the welding workload and a nondestructive testing area, and correspondingly reduce the probability of generating welding defects and welding deformation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of manufacturing of boiler pressure containers, in particular to a hole opening structure design and a hole opening method for a shell of a large-diameter thick-wall container.
Background
With the technical progress and the application of new materials and new processes, the use working conditions of boiler pressure container products tend to select high parameters more and more, the design pressure and the design temperature are higher and higher, the diameter of equipment is larger and larger, and the shell of the container (steam drum) is thickened correspondingly. The shell of a large-diameter thick-wall container such as a steam drum is always welded with connecting pipes for communicating the inside of the container with external pipelines, and all the connecting pipes are used for realizing the communication function by perforating and welding the shell of the container on the shell.
At present, two-section type opening structures are adopted for opening holes on a shell of a large-diameter thick-wall container. In the structure, a section of straight hole is firstly processed, and then a tapered hole is processed in a straight hole form according to a certain inclination angle until the tapered hole is communicated with the inside of the shell.
When the connecting pipe is welded by adopting the structure, the cutting processing area of the inner part of the shell due to the opening is overlarge because the taper hole is long. When the connecting pipe is welded, the removed part needs to be repaired by overlaying again, so that the welding workload is very large. When the connecting pipe is welded, the surfacing complete area is easy to generate welding defects, the area of nondestructive testing after surfacing is large, and the connecting pipe is easy to deform during welding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an opening structure on a shell of a large-diameter thick-wall container so as to reduce welding workload, and reduce the probability of generating welding defects and a nondestructive testing area.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the opening structure is arranged on a shell of the large-diameter thick-wall container and is divided into three sections, wherein the three sections comprise a first section of straight hole, a second section of tapered hole and a third section of straight hole which are sequentially connected; the first section of straight hole is communicated with the outside of the shell; two ends of the second section of tapered hole are respectively a large end and a small end, the small end is connected with the first section of straight hole, and the large end is connected with the third section of straight hole; the third section of straight hole is communicated with the inside of the shell.
Compared with the prior art, the structure of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention optimizes the structural style of the opening, adopts a three-section type opening structure, and arranges the third straight hole at the tail end of the second conical hole, so that the opening cutting processing area is greatly reduced, the surfacing workload and the nondestructive testing area are reduced, and the probability of generating welding defects is reduced. The welding quality is greatly improved and the manufacturing cost is reduced as a whole.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the generatrix of the second section of the tapered hole forms an angle of 45 ° with the vertical line. Adopt inclination 45, can guarantee that the welding rod can stretch into welding groove bottom during the welding to form good welding melting region at welding groove bottom, guarantee that the groove bottom can fully weld thoroughly, avoided welding defect's production. If the inclination angle is too large, the molten area of the welding rod of the welding groove is increased, the welding workload is correspondingly increased, and the manufacturing cost is increased. If the inclination angle is too small, the bottom of the welding groove is easy to be welded through, and welding defects are caused.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first straight hole has a hole depth of at least 2 mm. Therefore, the welding liquid in the melting area of the whole welding groove can be prevented from leaking during welding, and meanwhile, the straight edge of 2mm can be finally melted into the welding liquid, so that full penetration of welding is ensured. If the straight edge is too large, the straight edge of the groove is not easily melted into the welding liquid, thereby causing welding defects.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of the generatrix of the second section of tapered hole = (R × cos α - (R +2))/cos 45 °, where α is the angle of the included opening angle, and R is the outer radius of the shell; and r is the inner radius of the shell. The calculated bus length of the tapered hole is based on the guarantee that the welding groove is most suitable for welding and the economy is most reasonable.
In a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the first section of straight hole, the second section of tapered hole, and the third section of straight hole are all processed by boring. All the three sections of holes are processed by boring, all the processing work can be completed at one time under the condition of not changing processing stations, the processing time is saved, and the processing cost is reduced.
The method for opening the welding hole on the shell of the large-diameter thick-wall container comprises the following steps:
1) calculating an opening included angle alpha = arcsin (d/(2R) according to the opening diameter d of the welding hole, the inner radius R of the shell and the outer radius R of the shell;
2) obtaining the length = (R × cos α - (R +2))/cos β of the generatrix of the optimized tapered hole according to the calculated included angle α, wherein β is the included angle between the generatrix of the tapered hole and the vertical line;
3) processing a first section of straight hole: firstly, boring a first section of straight hole with an opening of a welding hole, wherein the hole depth of the first section of straight hole is at least 2 mm;
4) and (3) processing a second section of tapered hole: boring and processing a welding hole opening by using an included angle between a bus of the conical hole and the vertical line until the bus length of the second section of conical hole processed by the boring cutter is the optimized bus length of the second section of conical hole;
5) processing a third section of straight hole: continuing boring to machine a third section of straight hole connected with the tail end of the second section of conical hole; processing the third section of straight hole until the boring cutter is completely moved out and does not perform boring processing;
the boring processing adopts a single-blade boring cutter, a cutter head is arranged in a cutter bar, and the first section of straight hole and the third section of straight hole are processed to the required size through transverse feed according to the size of the processed hole; and machining the second section of conical hole with the required size by transverse and longitudinal feed.
Compared with the prior art, the method of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention divides the open pore structure into three sections: the first section of straight hole, the second section of tapered hole and the third section of straight hole. The length of the conical hole bus is optimized to obtain the shortest bus length which does not influence the welding effect. On the premise of ensuring the welding quality, the tapping cutting area is reduced as much as possible, thereby reducing the surfacing workload and the nondestructive testing area to the greatest extent, and reducing the probability of generating welding defects. The minimum hole depth of the first section of straight hole is 2mm, so that the welding liquid in a melting region of the whole welding groove can be prevented from leaking during welding, meanwhile, the straight edge of 2mm can be finally melted into the welding liquid, and full penetration of welding is ensured. If the straight edge is too large, the straight edge of the bevel is not easily melted into the welding liquid, resulting in welding defects. The single-blade boring cutter is simple in structure, capable of correcting the original hole axis deflection and small position deviation and wide in adaptability. The three sections of openings are processed in a sequential processing mode, so that the processing is completed in one step, the machine does not need to be stopped, and unnecessary steps are reduced.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 2), an included angle β between a generatrix of the second section of the tapered hole and the vertical line is 45 ° to 50 °. If the angle beta is too small, the bottom of the welding groove is difficult to weld through easily. An angle of 45 ° to 50 ° is suitable.
The large-diameter thick-wall container comprises a steam drum.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the welded joint pipe according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the open pore structure of the unwelded adapter of FIG. 2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the hole opening structure of FIG. 3 according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: the hole-forming device comprises a first section of straight hole 1, a second section of tapered hole 2, a third section of straight hole 3, a shell 4, a connecting pipe 5, a shell outer radius R, a shell inner radius R, a hole-forming included angle alpha and a hole-forming diameter d.
Detailed Description
Example 1
An open pore structure on the shell of the large-diameter thick-wall container as shown in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, wherein the open pore structure is an annular open pore structure; the open pore structure comprises a first section of straight hole 1, a second section of tapered hole 2 and a third section of straight hole 3 which are connected in sequence. The length of the first straight hole 1 is at least 2 mm. The first section straight hole 1 is communicated with the outside of the shell 4. Two ends of the second section of conical hole 2 are respectively a big end and a small end, the small end is connected with the first section of straight hole 1, and the big end is connected with the third section of straight hole 3. The third-stage straight hole 3 communicates with the inside of the housing 4. The included angle beta between the generatrix of the second section of the conical hole 2 and the vertical line is 45 degrees. The first section of straight hole 1 has a hole depth of at least 2 mm.
Calculating the busbar length by:
according to the diameter d of the opening of the welding hole, the inner radius R of the shell and the outer radius R of the shell, the angle = arcsin (d/(2R)) of the opening included angle alpha is calculated, as shown in fig. 3, the center of the opening structure is made into a shell annular section, the center point of the annular section is connected with the starting point of the opening on the opening section, and the included angle between the central line of the opening structure is the opening included angle alpha.
And then, according to the calculated opening included angle alpha, the length of the generatrix of the conical hole = (R × cos alpha- (R +2))/cos 45 degrees is obtained. As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the generatrix of the tapered hole is a section of the tapered hole through the center of the tapered hole, forming a trapezoidal structure. The length of the waist of the trapezoid is the length of the generatrix of the tapered hole.
The first section of straight hole 1, the second section of tapered hole 2 and the third section of straight hole 3 are all processed by boring.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the perforated structure of the present invention after the connecting pipe 5 is welded by using a surfacing repair method. Therefore, compared with the two-section type opening structure, the three-section type opening structure greatly optimizes the opening structure and reduces unnecessary opening machining and cutting areas. Therefore, the surfacing workload and the nondestructive testing area are reduced, and the probability of generating welding defects is reduced. The welding quality is greatly improved and the manufacturing cost is reduced as a whole.
Example 2
The included angle beta between the generatrix of the second section of the conical hole 2 and the vertical line in the embodiment 1 is 45 degrees and is replaced by 50 degrees. The calculated generatrix length of the conical bore is thus (R × cos α - (R +2))/cos50 °. And then, processing three sections of holes in a boring processing mode.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various changes and modifications without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides an open pore structure on major diameter thick wall vessel shell which characterized in that: the open pore structure is divided into three sections, and comprises a first section of straight hole, a second section of tapered hole and a third section of straight hole which are connected in sequence; the first section of straight hole is communicated with the outside of the shell; the two ends of the second section of tapered hole are respectively a big end and a small end, the small end is connected with the first section of straight hole, the big end is connected with the third section of straight hole, the included angle between the bus of the second section of tapered hole and the vertical line is 50 degrees, and the length of the bus of the second section of tapered hole is = (R × cos alpha- (R +2))/cos50 degrees; wherein alpha is the angle of the included angle of the opening, the center of the opening structure is provided with a shell annular section, the connecting line of the central point of the annular section and the starting point of the opening on the opening section, and the included angle between the central line of the opening structure and the included angle alpha of the opening structure is the included angle alpha of the opening; the R is the outer radius of the shell; r is the inner radius of the shell; the third section of straight hole is communicated with the inside of the shell; and the first section of straight hole, the second section of tapered hole and the third section of straight hole are all processed by boring.
2. A method for opening the opening structure on the large-diameter thick-wall container shell according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) calculating an opening included angle alpha = arcsin (d/(2 x R) according to the opening diameter d of the welding hole, the inner radius R of the shell and the outer radius R of the shell;
2) obtaining the length = (R & gtcos alpha- (R +2))/cos beta of the generatrix of the second section of the tapered hole according to the calculated opening included angle alpha, wherein the beta is the included angle between the generatrix of the second section of the tapered hole and the vertical line, and the included angle between the generatrix of the second section of the tapered hole and the vertical line is 50 degrees;
3) processing a first section of straight hole: firstly, boring and processing a first section of straight hole with an opening of a welding hole;
4) and (3) processing a second section of tapered hole: boring and processing a welding hole opening by using an included angle between a bus of the second section of conical hole and the vertical line until the bus length of the second section of conical hole processed by the boring cutter is the optimized bus length of the second section of conical hole;
5) and (3) processing a third section of straight hole: continuously boring and processing a third section of straight hole connected with the tail end of the second section of tapered hole; processing the third section of straight hole until the boring cutter is completely moved out;
the boring processing adopts a single-blade boring cutter, a cutter head is arranged in a cutter bar, and the first section of straight hole and the third section of straight hole are processed to the required size through transverse feed according to the size of the processed hole; and machining the second section of conical hole with the required size by transverse and longitudinal feed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710448530.6A CN107052610B (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2017-06-14 | Hole opening structure and hole opening method on large-diameter thick-wall container shell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710448530.6A CN107052610B (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2017-06-14 | Hole opening structure and hole opening method on large-diameter thick-wall container shell |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107052610A CN107052610A (en) | 2017-08-18 |
| CN107052610B true CN107052610B (en) | 2022-08-19 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114906499A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-08-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Manhole structure and petroleum storage tank |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB527578A (en) * | 1939-04-15 | 1940-10-11 | Aerolex Ltd | Improvements in connectors or clamps for tubes or rods |
| GB597215A (en) * | 1943-04-27 | 1948-01-21 | Weatherhead Co | Improvements in or relating to hose end fittings |
| AT339104B (en) * | 1972-07-06 | 1977-10-10 | Bopp & Reuther Gmbh | DRILLING CLAMP FOR PIPING |
| DE19630029A1 (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-01-29 | Manibs Spezialarmaturen | Valve tapping fitting for plastics pipelines under pressure |
| CN102040059B (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2012-05-02 | 西安轨道交通装备有限责任公司 | Tank car manhole and production technology thereof |
| CN103111769A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2013-05-22 | 长沙理工大学 | Novel process method for reducing welding deformation of oil inlet and outlet of hydraulic oil cylinder |
| JP6240998B2 (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2017-12-06 | 前澤化成工業株式会社 | Branch joint |
| CN205350703U (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-29 | 北京市燃气集团有限责任公司 | Gas pipeline tapping shutoff sealing pipe fitting |
| CN207139127U (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2018-03-27 | 广州广重企业集团有限公司 | A kind of open-celled structure on major-diameter thick-wall container casing |
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