CN107049317A - The method of expiration or air-breathing is judged in lasting tidal air detection process - Google Patents
The method of expiration or air-breathing is judged in lasting tidal air detection process Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
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- 238000013123 lung function test Methods 0.000 description 5
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
- A61B5/087—Measuring breath flow
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Abstract
The invention provides it is a kind of judge to exhale in lasting tidal air detection process or air-breathing method, including the first differential pressure pickup when being determined for exhaling and the second differential pressure pickup when being determined for air-breathing；Compare the pressure difference of the poor sensor of the first pressure transmission and the second differential pressure pickup；If the pressure difference of the first differential pressure pickup is more than the pressure difference of the second differential pressure pickup, it is determined as expiration state；If the pressure measured value of the second differential pressure pickup is more than the pressure difference of the first differential pressure pickup, it is determined as suction condition.In lasting tidal air detection process, methods described energy automatic decision goes out breathing state, enables the pulmonary function detection instrument promptly free switching between expiration detection pattern and air-breathing detection pattern, it is ensured that the accuracy of detection, obtains more lung function parameters.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the judgement side of medical instruments field, the more particularly to expiration during lung function tests or air-breathing
Method.
Background technology
The function of each organ of human body could normal work only in the case where oxygen is in liberal supply.The oxygen supply of human body is leaned on entirely
The breathing of lung is obtained, in respiratory, and lung intake oxygen simultaneously discharges metabolite carbon dioxide.Can using lung function tests
The breathing function of tester is judged, to having in terms of discriminating airway obstruction type, the preoperative Pulmonary Evaluation of thorax abdomen
There is actual clinical meaning.
With advances in technology, pulmonary function test apparatus is from traditional float-type, swinging, and progressively development, which is occurred in that, is easy to
The electronics analyzer of carrying.In this electron-like spirometer, flow sensor is one of its crucial part.
As shown in figure 1, using the differential flow sensor of Venturi tube principle design, two are included on flow sensor
Individual pressure tappings, low pressure pressure tappings 1001 are arranged on aditus laryngis portion 1003, and high pressure pressure tappings 1002 are arranged on expiration intake section 1004.Inspection
When surveying expiration parameter, air-flow first passes through high pressure pressure tappings, enters back into the low pressure pressure tappings in aditus laryngis portion, because aditus laryngis portion aperture is small,
Air-flow is by compression acceleration, and the pressure loss is than larger, flow decline, but high pressure pressure tappings are before aditus laryngis portion, so not interfering with
Flow rate test precision.If the flow sensor is used to detect air-breathing parameter, air-flow can first pass through the low pressure pressure in aditus laryngis portion
Mouthful, airflow pressure losses, flow declines, and enters back into high pressure pressure tappings, and the flow detected can be substantially less than normal, therefore based on literary mound
In pipe principle differential flow sensor can not be detected simultaneously with two pressure ports expiration and air-breathing bidirectional traffics.
Exhaled and air-breathing bidirectional traffics in order to be able to detect simultaneously, it is differential using Venturi tube principle design as shown in Figure 2
Flow sensor needs to increase a high pressure pressure tappings 1002 in air-breathing intake section 1005 respectively using the design of four pressure tappings,
Increase a low pressure pressure tappings 1001 in aditus laryngis portion, the length in aditus laryngis portion 1003, the length of whole flow sensor will necessarily be increased
Degree increases therewith, and pressure tappings are more, complicated, are unfavorable for the miniaturization of detecting instrument.
As shown in Figure 3 using the gas flow sensor of orifice plate principle design, because the thickness of orifice plate 1006 is less than 0.02D
(pipe diameter), airflow pressure losses are small, do not influence to exhale and air-breathing two-directions flow measurement precision.But it is due to human body inspiratory flow
Amount is much smaller relative to expiratory gas flow, detects expiration and inspiratory flow simultaneously using two groups of pressure tappings, it is sensitive that air-breathing is detected
Degree is inadequate, therefore using four pressure tappings 1007, two differential pressure pickups 1008, including high range differential pressure pickup and lower range
Differential pressure pickup, high range differential pressure pickup is used for detecting expiratory gas flow, and low range differential pressure sensor is used for detecting inspiratory flow,
To improve inspiratory flow detection sensitivity.But due to the differential pressure pickup of two groups of different ranges is employed, in flow sensor
, need to be using two groups of calibration systems during calibration, this can not only increase the complexity of instrument, reduce reliability, and can increase production
Process, manufacturing cost and the complexity of after-sales service.
Pulmonary function test includes ventilatory function, ventilatory, respiratory regulation function and pulmonary circulatory function etc., multinomial PFT
Physiological parameter, which is determined, to be needed persistently to detect respiratory airflow.Pulmonary function test apparatus is had at present for expiration state or suction condition
Determination methods be to be compared by the zero point value with differential pressure pickup, zero point value needs periodic calibration, it is necessary to professional
Software is coordinated to be operated, it is relatively complicated.During calibration, the multiple at the uniform velocity push-and-pull of cylinder is calibrated with standard 3L to simulate human exhaled breath and suction
Gas, is all 3L due to calibrating the expired volume of cylinder to be equal to air-breathing volume, therefore can obtain the cumulative volume half moment by calculating
Corresponding sensor output value is the zero point value of sensor, more than zero point value to exhale, and is air-breathing less than zero point value.Environment temperature
Humidity, change of atmospheric pressure and frequency of usage etc. can all make the zero point of sensor produce drift, it is therefore desirable to which periodic calibration is sensed
The zero point value of device, otherwise can produce larger error.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome disadvantages mentioned above, judge to exhale in lasting tidal air detection process it is an object of the invention to provide one kind
The method of gas or air-breathing, including the first differential pressure pickup when being determined for exhaling and the second pressure difference biography when being determined for air-breathing
Sensor；Compare the pressure difference of the poor sensor of the first pressure transmission and the second differential pressure pickup；If the pressure difference of the first differential pressure pickup begins big
When the pressure difference of the second differential pressure pickup, it is determined as expiration state；If the pressure measured value of the second differential pressure pickup is more than the first pressure
During the pressure difference of gap sensor, it is determined as suction condition.
Further, a kind of flow sensor is also provided, is hollow tubular structure, mainly by expiration intake section, the first tapering,
Aditus laryngis portion and the second tapering are connected in turn, and low pressure pressure tappings are opened on the tube wall in aditus laryngis portion, the first high pressure pressure tappings and
Second high pressure pressure tappings are opened on the tube wall of non-aditus laryngis portion both sides respectively.
Further, expiration intake section and aditus laryngis portion are in cylinder, and the diameter of expiration intake section is more than the diameter in aditus laryngis portion,
First tapering and the second tapering are in truncated cone-shaped, and the first tapering and the less one end of the second taper diameter are respectively facing aditus laryngis portion.
Further, the first pressure tappings are opened in the first tapering or expiration intake section, and the second high pressure pressure tappings are opened in
Two taperings.
It is preferred that, the distance between the first high pressure pressure tappings and low pressure pressure tappings take less than the second high pressure pressure tappings with low pressure
Press the distance between mouth.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：When can realize continuous detection air-breathing or exhale, pulmonary function detection instrument can be rapid
Ground free switching between expiration detection pattern and air-breathing detection pattern, what the judgement of breathing was exported independent of sensor
Zero point value, therefore do not need the zero point value of periodic calibration sensor breathing conversion, it is ensured that the accuracy of detection.
Brief description of the drawings
The diplopore flow sensor arrangement schematic diagram of Fig. 1 prior arts.
Four hole flow sensor arrangement schematic diagrames of Fig. 2 prior arts.
The orifice plate flow sensor construction schematic diagram of Fig. 3 prior arts.
Fig. 4 flow sensor arrangement schematic diagrames in three holes of the present invention.
Fig. 5 carries three hole flow sensor arrangement schematic diagrames of air-breathing intake section.
The schematic diagram that the hole flow sensors of Fig. 6 tri- are connected with differential pressure pickup.
The circuit line frame graph of Fig. 7 pulmonary function test apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 8 continuous mode line frame graphs.
Embodiment
As shown in figure 4, the flow sensor for lung function tests, is hollow tubular structure, mainly by expiration intake section 1,
First tapering 2, the tapering 4 of aditus laryngis portion 3 and second are connected in turn, and low pressure pressure tappings 5 are opened on the tube wall in aditus laryngis portion, and first
The high pressure pressure tappings 7 of high pressure pressure tappings 6 and second are opened on the tube wall of non-aditus laryngis portion both sides respectively.Expiration intake section 1 and aditus laryngis
Portion 3 is in cylinder, and the diameter of expiration intake section is more than the diameter in aditus laryngis portion.First tapering 2 and the second tapering 4 are in truncated cone-shaped, the
One tapering and the less one end of the second taper diameter are respectively facing aditus laryngis portion.
First pressure tappings 6 can be opened in the first tapering 2 or expiration intake section 1.Second high pressure pressure tappings 7 can be opened in
Second tapering 4.As shown in figure 5, in the embodiment that the larger one end of the second taper diameter is connected with air-breathing intake section 8, second
High pressure pressure tappings 7 can also be opened in air-breathing intake section 8.When determining lung function parameter when exhaling, pass through differential pressure pickup
Determine the pressure difference between the first high pressure pressure tappings and low pressure pressure tappings.When determine air-breathing when lung function parameter when, pass through pressure difference
Sensor determines the pressure difference between the second high pressure pressure tappings and low pressure pressure tappings.Pulmonary function test apparatus is according to high and low pressure pressure tappings
Between differential manometer point counting separate out lung's various functions index of tester there is provided to doctor or tester so as to judge the state of an illness or
Confirm curative effect.
In the body maximum gauge of flow sensor, pipe shaft length, the first tapering taper angle theta1With the second tapering taper angle theta2Deng ginseng
Count in fixed embodiment, by adjusting the distance between the first high pressure pressure tappings and low pressure pressure tappings, when acquisition expiration is determined
The sensitivity needed, by adjusting the distance between the second high pressure pressure tappings and low pressure pressure tappings, obtaining when air-breathing is determined needs
Sensitivity.
It is the high and low pressure pressure of fixed namely matched flow sensor in differential pressure pickup pressure measurement points
Mouthful the distance between be fixed embodiment, by adjusting the expiration intake section diameter of flow sensor, larynx mouth diameters, the
One tapering taper angle theta1And its length, or the second tapering taper angle theta2And its length, obtain the detection range needed during respiration monitoring.
Because pulmonary function detection expiration Peak Flow Rate is more much bigger than air-breathing Peak Flow Rate, to improve the spirit of inspiratory flow detection
Sensitivity is, it is necessary to increase the pressure of the second high pressure pressure tappings.According to hydrodynamics bernoulli principle, the relation of flow and pressure difference expires
Sufficient formula（I）, d is diameter at aditus laryngis portion low pressure pressure tappings in formula, and D is diameter at air-breathing intake section the second high pressure pressure tappings, and ρ is
The density of fluid.When D becomes big, the corresponding pressure differential deltap p of certain flow also can be strained mutually greatly.
(I)
In a specific embodiment, by increasing the distance of the second high pressure pressure tappings 7 and low pressure pressure tappings 5, make second high
Pressure pressure tappings are opened at the larger aperture in the second tapering 4, are exported with increasing the corresponding pressure difference of inspiratory flow.Pass through adjustment first
The position of high pressure pressure tappings and the second high pressure pressure tappings, makes the flow detection of expiration and air-breathing meet range and sensitivity requirement,
And expiratory pressure gap sensor can be made consistent with the pressure differential detection range of differencial pressure suction sensor, you can with the pressure difference of same model
Sensor, the calibration and correction of differential pressure pickup use Same Way, and the span of correction coefficient is consistent.Therefore lung work(is facilitated
The calibration and correction of energy analyzer.
The gas humidity of characteristics of contaminated respiratory droplets is big, and steam is easily condensed inside flow sensor, is taken to prevent from condensing water slug
Mouth is pressed, in a specific embodiment, pressure tappings aperture takes 1.0~1.5mm, prevent to condense current using the surface tension of water
Enter pressure port, while high pressure pressure tappings are opened on tapering, condensate is outbound flowed without resting on pressure tappings, aditus laryngis portion
It is as far as possible short, it is, for example, less than 6mm, it is ensured that steam is in aditus laryngis portion without delay.
As shown in fig. 6, pulmonary function test apparatus includes differential pressure pickup and flow sensor of the present invention.Flow sensing
The first high pressure pressure tappings 6 in the tapering of device first are connected with the positive pressure side 103 of the first differential pressure pickup 101, and the second of the second tapering
High pressure pressure tappings 7 are connected with the positive pressure side 103 of the second differential pressure pickup 102, and the low-pressure end 104 of two differential pressure pickups passes through three
Siphunculus 105 is connected with the low pressure pressure tappings 5 in aditus laryngis portion respectively.
Differential pressure pickup can be connected with microprocessor 106, and the signal that microprocessor is used to gather differential pressure pickup is gone forward side by side
Row processing, separates out tester lung various functions index according to the differential manometer point counting between high and low pressure pressure tappings, is used as tester
The reference index of current physical condition or therapeutic effect.The microprocessor can pulmonary function test apparatus carry, can also
It is external equipment, such as computer.
Pulmonary function test apparatus also includes exhale detection and the automatic decision system of air-breathing two kinds of detection patterns of detection.Work as flow
When air-flow in sensor is expiratory airflow, with data determination the first high pressure pressure tappings of the first differential pressure pickup and low pressure pressure
Pressure difference between mouthful, obtains lung function parameter when exhaling.When the air-flow in flow sensor is inspiratory airflow, with the second pressure
Pressure difference between data determination the second high pressure pressure tappings and low pressure pressure tappings of gap sensor, obtains PFT ginseng during air-breathing
Number.
Breathing automatic decision system can be the subprogram in pulmonary function detection software, be realized by programme-control
The switching exhaled between detection and air-breathing detection.Especially when needing continuous detection air-breathing or exhaling, the automatic decision system
System being capable of the promptly free switching between expiration detection pattern and air-breathing detection pattern.
When detecting expiration parameter, air-flow first passes through the first high pressure pressure tappings, enters back into the low pressure pressure tappings in aditus laryngis portion, by
Small in aditus laryngis portion aperture, air-flow is by compression acceleration, and pressure loss flow declines, and eventually passes the second high pressure pressure tappings, therefore the
The pressure differential detection value of one differential pressure pickup is consistently greater than the pressure differential detection value of the second differential pressure pickup；When detecting air-breathing parameter,
Air-flow first passes through the second high pressure pressure tappings, enters back into the low pressure pressure tappings in aditus laryngis portion, air-flow is by compression acceleration, pressure loss flow
Decline, eventually pass the first high pressure pressure tappings, so the pressure differential detection value of the second differential pressure pickup is consistently greater than the first pressure difference biography
The pressure differential detection value of sensor.Therefore in a specific embodiment, breathing automatic decision system is by comparing two pressures
The pressure difference of gap sensor is to judge that current tester is expiration or air-breathing, and according to the result of judgement, analyzer automatically switches
To corresponding expiration detection pattern or air-breathing detection pattern.
It is illustrated in figure 7 the circuit theory diagrams of Fig. 6 pulmonary function test apparatus, including the first and second differential pressure pickups, signal
Amplifying circuit, double channel A/D change-over circuits, microcontroller circuit, display screen, electric power management circuit, power supply and button.Use
When, depresses button starts pulmonary function detection, and tester is to the continuous breathing of flow sensor, and differential pressure pickup is by the letter measured
Number by amplification, deliver to microprocessor after digital-to-analogue conversion and handled, the relevant information after processing is shown on display screen.Power supply
Powered by electric power management circuit for said units.
As shown in figure 8, a kind of method of lung function tests, comprises the following steps：
（1）Pulmonary function test apparatus of the present invention is provided；
（2）The front end of the expiration intake section of tester's mouth containing flow sensor, and exhale or air-breathing；
（3）Read the first and second differential pressure pickup data；
（4）Judge whether to start to exhale or air-breathing；
（5）Expiration state is determined whether, if it is that pulmonary function test apparatus takes the data of the first differential pressure pickup to judge；If sentencing
It is no to break, then pulmonary function test apparatus takes the data of the second differential pressure pickup；
（6）The microprocessor of pulmonary function test apparatus obtains the data of the first or second differential pressure pickup, calculates gas flow；
（7）Obtain lung function tests parameter.
Wherein step（5）The determination methods of breathing state：Compare the pressure difference of two differential pressure pickups, to judge test
What person's flow sensor was implemented is expiration or air-breathing；Or operator is according to the action that tester is current or will carry out,
It is expiration or air-breathing with judge the implementation of tester's flow sensor.
Flow sensor or pulmonary function test apparatus of the present invention, can be applied to routine physical examination, athlete's physique test,
Daily monitoring, discriminating airway obstruction type, the preoperative Pulmonary Evaluation of thorax abdomen of asthmatic patient etc..
Embodiment 1
Experimental group is flow sensor of the present invention, and a diameter of 27mm of its expiration intake section, the cone angle in the first tapering is 40
Degree, a diameter of 12mm in aditus laryngis portion, the cone angle in the second tapering is 25.4 degree, a diameter of 27mm of air-breathing intake section.First high pressure pressure
Mouth is with low pressure pressure tappings apart from 20mm, and the second high pressure pressure tappings are with low pressure pressure tappings apart from 25mm.By the flow sensing of experimental group
Device is made comparisons detection with normal flow sensor, and testing result is shown in Table 1.
The experimental group flow sensor breathing experimental data of table 1
| Normal stream value (L/min) | Expiration detected value (L/min) | Error (%) | Normal stream value (L/min) | Air-breathing detected value (L/min) | Error (%) | |
| 50 | 49.5 | -1.0 | 30 | 29.6 | -1.3 | |
| 80 | 78.8 | -1.5 | 40 | 39.7 | -0.7 | |
| 120 | 118 | -1.7 | 50 | 49.6 | -0.8 | |
| 180 | 179 | -0.6 | 60 | 59.9 | -0.2 | |
| 250 | 248 | -0.8 | 80 | 79.3 | -0.9 | |
| 350 | 350 | 0.0 | 100 | 99.5 | -0.5 | |
| 400 | 401 | 0.3 | 120 | 119 | -0.8 | |
| 450 | 452 | 0.4 | 180 | 179 | -0.6 | |
| 500 | 503 | 0.6 | 250 | 249 | -0.4 | |
| 550 | 553 | 0.5 | 350 | 351 | 0.3 | |
| 600 | 606 | 1.0 | 400 | 400 | 0.0 | |
| 700 | 712 | 1.7 | 450 | 451 | 0.2 | |
| 800 | 809 | 1.1 | 500 | 502 | 0.4 |
Embodiment 2
The maximum differential pressure of the flow sensor of the experimental group of embodiment 1 is determined, expiratory gas flow maximum range 900L/min works as max-flow
Correspondence pressure difference 10kPa during amount；Inspiratory flow maximum range 600L/min, the correspondence pressure difference 10kPa when maximum stream flow.Therefore first
Differential pressure pickup and the second differential pressure pickup can use the differential pressure pickup of identical range.By experiment test test flow and
Pressure difference data（It is shown in Table 3）, two sensors are calibrated.Specific timing, two differential pressure pickups parallel connections and application one
The pressure difference of sample, takes two pressure differences of 1kPa and 5kPa to click through line linearity correction respectively.
Table 3
| Expiratory flow value (L/min) | First differential pressure pickup (kPa) | Inspiration flow value (L/min) | Second differential pressure pickup (kPa) | |
| 50 | 0.03 | 50 | 0.07 | |
| 100 | 0.12 | 100 | 0.27 | |
| 200 | 0.48 | 150 | 0.6 | |
| 300 | 1.08 | 200 | 1.07 | |
| 400 | 1.93 | 250 | 1.68 | |
| 500 | 3.02 | 300 | 2.42 | |
| 600 | 4.35 | 350 | 3.29 | |
| 700 | 7.36 | 400 | 4.3 | |
| 800 | 7.74 | 500 | 6.73 | |
| 900 | 9.8 | 600 | 9.7 |
Claims (5)
1. the method for expiration or air-breathing is judged in lasting tidal air detection process, including the first pressure difference for exhaling when determining
Sensor and the second differential pressure pickup when being determined for air-breathing；Compare the pressure of the poor sensor of the first pressure transmission and the second differential pressure pickup
Difference；If the pressure difference of the first differential pressure pickup is more than the pressure difference of the second differential pressure pickup, it is determined as expiration state；If the
When the pressure measured value of two differential pressure pickups is more than the pressure difference of the first differential pressure pickup, it is determined as suction condition.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that main by expiration air inlet there is provided a kind of flow sensor
The hollow tubular structure that portion, the first tapering, aditus laryngis portion and the second tapering are connected in turn, low pressure pressure tappings are opened in aditus laryngis portion
On tube wall, the first high pressure pressure tappings and the second high pressure pressure tappings are opened on the tube wall of non-aditus laryngis portion both sides respectively.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that expiration intake section and aditus laryngis portion are in cylinder, expiration air inlet
The diameter in portion is more than the diameter in aditus laryngis portion, and the first tapering and the second tapering are in truncated cone-shaped, the first tapering and the second taper diameter compared with
Small one end is respectively facing aditus laryngis portion.
4. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the first pressure tappings are opened in the first tapering or expiration air inlet
Portion, the second high pressure pressure tappings are opened in the second tapering.
5. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the distance between the first high pressure pressure tappings and low pressure pressure tappings
Less than the distance between the second high pressure pressure tappings and low pressure pressure tappings.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018041068A1 (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-03-08 | 台州亿联健医疗科技有限公司 | Flow sensor for pulmonary function testing, spirometer and testing method and application thereof |
| CN109939314A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-28 | 北京谊安医疗***股份有限公司 | A kind of altitude compensation method of the differential flow sensor of ventilator |
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