CN107046861A - 一种提高西葫芦种子发芽率的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种西葫芦种子催芽方法,包括选种、冰箱变温、冷等离子体处理、浸种剂浸种的催芽过程,再与细沙混匀后播种。本发明提高了西葫芦种子的发芽率,绿色环保,无残留、无污染,经本催芽方法种植出的西葫芦叶面厚绿,叶柄粗壮翠绿、开花、结果早,果形美观,提高了西葫芦的商品价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于蔬菜栽培技术领域,具体地涉及一种提高西葫芦种子发芽率的方法。
背景技术
很多蔬菜种子需要催芽,一般的需催芽的种子可以分为两类:一类是果菜类蔬菜种子发芽慢,需要催种,如番茄、辣椒、茄子、黄瓜;另外一类是夏季温度高,导致蔬菜种子发芽率低,所以也需要催种,如莴笋、菠菜、西葫芦、大蒜。不同的蔬菜,各自的催芽方式不同,有吊井法、冷藏法、拌沙法等等。不同的催芽方式,对应不同的蔬菜种子。一般的催芽前,要先经过选种、消毒、浸种,最后才是催芽。常规的催芽方法都可以提高种子发芽率,缩短催芽时间,减轻田间发病率,幼苗苗齐、苗壮。
西葫芦原产北美洲南部,中国于19世纪中叶开始从欧洲引入栽培,世界各地均有分布。西葫芦含有较多维生素C、葡萄糖等营养物质,具有除烦止渴、润肺止咳、清热利尿、消肿散结的功效。果实作蔬菜。生长期最适宜温度为20-25℃,15℃以下生长缓慢,8℃以下停止生长。30℃以上生长缓慢并极易发生疾病。种子发芽适宜温度为25-30℃,13℃可以发芽,但很缓慢;30-35℃发芽最快,但易引起徒长。现有西葫芦催芽方法效率低,且都没有能提高其的营养成分,进一步提高其品质。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种西葫芦种子催芽方法,不仅能提高种子发芽率,还具有绿色环保,无残留、无污染的特点。
一种西葫芦种子催芽方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)挑选籽粒饱满的种子,在播种前将种子晒1-2天,晒后将种子用纱布包好,用水浸湿,沥去水分,放入冰箱中在4-10℃冷藏6-8h,放入40-45℃温水中浸泡4-5h,捞出,用纱布包着放入种子催芽箱中,在30-35℃下,恒温催芽12-18h,取出;
(2)将西葫芦种子进行冷等离子体处理,所述冷等离子体处理是以氦气为工作介质,在真空封闭环境中,50-150W的处理功率下对西葫芦种子进行15-20s的非电离幅射处理;
(3)放到容器中,然后加入浸种剂,浸种20-30min,捞出;所述浸种剂包括以下重量百分比的原料配成:大枣渣多糖40-50ppm、玉米素10-15ppm,苦参碱8-10ppm、丙森锌50-60ppm、食醋1-3%、香蕉皮多糖0.5-1%、蛇床子提取物0.5-1%、五味子提取液0.5-1%、丹皮酚0.5-1%和余量水;
(4)浸种处理后的种子与细沙按1:3的重量比拌匀,直接播种到苗床中。
有益技术效果:本发明的催芽方法绿色环保,无残留、无污染,主要采用植物源活性物质浸种,提高了西葫芦种子的发芽率;种植出的西葫芦叶面厚绿,叶柄粗壮翠绿、开花、结果早,果形美观,提高了西葫芦的商品价值;发芽率可提高6-12%,发芽成苗率达到95%以上,发芽期可提前1-2天。
具体实施方式
结合实施例进一步对本发明作阐述,不构成对本发明的限制。
实施例1
挑选籽粒饱满的种子,在播种前将种子晒1天,晒后将种子用纱布包好,用水浸湿,沥去水分,放入冰箱中在4℃冷藏6h,放入40℃温水中浸泡4h,捞出,用纱布包着放入种子催芽箱中,在30℃下,恒温催芽12h,取出;将西葫芦种子进行冷等离子体处理,所述冷等离子体处理是以氦气为工作介质,在真空封闭环境中,50W的处理功率下对西葫芦种子进行15s的非电离幅射处理;放到容器中,然后加入浸种剂,浸种20min,捞出;所述浸种剂包括以下重量百分比的原料配成:大枣渣多糖40ppm、玉米素10ppm,苦参碱8ppm、丙森锌50ppm、食醋1-3%、香蕉皮多糖0.5%、蛇床子提取物0.5%、五味子提取液0.5%、丹皮酚0.5%和余量水;浸种处理后的种子与细沙按1:3的重量比拌匀,直接播种到苗床中。
实施例2
挑选籽粒饱满的种子,在播种前将种子晒2天,晒后将种子用纱布包好,用水浸湿,沥去水分,放入冰箱中在10℃冷藏8h,放入45℃温水中浸泡5h,捞出,用纱布包着放入种子催芽箱中,在35℃下,恒温催芽18h,取出;将西葫芦种子进行冷等离子体处理,所述冷等离子体处理是以氦气为工作介质,在真空封闭环境中,150W的处理功率下对西葫芦种子进行20s的非电离幅射处理;放到容器中,然后加入浸种剂,浸种30min,捞出;所述浸种剂包括以下重量百分比的原料配成:大枣渣多糖50ppm、玉米素15ppm,苦参碱10ppm、丙森锌60ppm、食醋3%、香蕉皮多糖1%、蛇床子提取物1%、五味子提取液1%、丹皮酚1%和余量水;浸种处理后的种子与细沙按1:3的重量比拌匀,直接播种到苗床中。
实施例3
挑选籽粒饱满的种子,在播种前将种子晒2天,晒后将种子用纱布包好,用水浸湿,沥去水分,放入冰箱中在8℃冷藏7h,放入42.5℃温水中浸泡4.5小时,捞出,用纱布包着放入种子催芽箱中,在32.5℃下,恒温催芽15h,取出;将西葫芦种子进行冷等离子体处理,所述冷等离子体处理是以氦气为工作介质,在真空封闭环境中,100W的处理功率下对西葫芦种子进行20s的非电离幅射处理;放到容器中,然后加入浸种剂,浸种25min,捞出;所述浸种剂包括以下重量百分比的原料配成:大枣渣多糖45ppm、玉米素12.5ppm,苦参碱9ppm、丙森锌55ppm、食醋2%、香蕉皮多糖0.75%、蛇床子提取物0.75%、五味子提取液0.75%、丹皮酚0.75%和余量水;浸种处理后的种子与细沙按1:3的重量比拌匀,直接播种到苗床中。
Claims (1)
1.一种西葫芦种子催芽方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)挑选籽粒饱满的种子,在播种前将种子晒1-2天,晒后将种子用纱布包好,用水浸湿,沥去水分,放入冰箱中在4-10℃冷藏6-8h,放入40-45℃温水中浸泡4-5h,捞出,用纱布包着放入种子催芽箱中,在30-35℃下,恒温催芽12-18h,取出;
(2)将西葫芦种子进行冷等离子体处理,所述冷等离子体处理是以氦气为工作介质,在真空封闭环境中,50-150W的处理功率下对西葫芦种子进行15-20s的非电离幅射处理;
(3)放到容器中,然后加入浸种剂,浸种20-30min,捞出;所述浸种剂包括以下重量百分比的原料配成:大枣渣多糖40-50ppm、玉米素10-15ppm,苦参碱8-10ppm、丙森锌50-60ppm、食醋1-3%、香蕉皮多糖0.5-1%、蛇床子提取物0.5-1%、五味子提取液0.5-1%、丹皮酚0.5-1%和余量水;
(4)浸种处理后的种子与细沙按1:3的重量比拌匀,直接播种到苗床中。
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CN109122153A (zh) * | 2018-08-23 | 2019-01-04 | 五河县顺鹏农副产品有限公司 | 一种提高冬瓜矿物质含量的种植方法 |
CN110800420A (zh) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-02-18 | 山东农业大学 | 一种利用冷等离子体抑制蔬菜育苗中子叶衰老的方法 |
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CN104221630A (zh) * | 2013-06-14 | 2014-12-24 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | 西葫芦催芽及高效栽培方法 |
CN104855281A (zh) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-08-26 | 山东农业工程学院 | 一种冷等离子体处理的西葫芦育种方法 |
CN105993457A (zh) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-10-12 | 安徽省天瑞园生态农业科技有限公司 | 一种西葫芦的育苗方法 |
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CN104221630A (zh) * | 2013-06-14 | 2014-12-24 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | 西葫芦催芽及高效栽培方法 |
CN104054477A (zh) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-09-24 | 和县华禾种业有限公司 | 一种西葫芦种子催芽方法 |
CN104855281A (zh) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-08-26 | 山东农业工程学院 | 一种冷等离子体处理的西葫芦育种方法 |
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CN109122153A (zh) * | 2018-08-23 | 2019-01-04 | 五河县顺鹏农副产品有限公司 | 一种提高冬瓜矿物质含量的种植方法 |
CN110800420A (zh) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-02-18 | 山东农业大学 | 一种利用冷等离子体抑制蔬菜育苗中子叶衰老的方法 |
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