CN107043729B - 一种用于处理印染污水的菌剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于处理印染污水的菌剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于微生物技术领域，公开了一种用于处理印染污水的菌剂的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：步骤1）制备发酵液，步骤2）制备复合菌液，步骤3）制备糊状物，步骤4）制备菌剂。本发明还公开了一种用于处理印染污水的菌剂。本发明菌剂合理配伍，共生协调，互不拮抗，能够有效地去除印染污水中的污染物，制备方法简单可行。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物技术领域，具体涉及一种用于处理印染污水的菌剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
工业污水（industrial wastewater ）包括生产污水、生产污水及冷却水，是指工业生产过程中产生的污水和废液，其中含有随水流失的工业生产用料、中间产物、副产品以及生产过程中产生的污染物。印染行业是工业污水排放大户，污水中主要含有纺织纤维上的污物、油脂、盐类以及加工过程中附加的各种浆料、染料、表面活性剂、助剂、酸碱等。污水特点是有机物浓度高、成分复杂、色度深且多变，pH变化大，水量水质变化大，属难处理工业污水。随着化学纤织物的发展，仿真丝的兴起和印染后整理要求的提高，使PVA浆料、人造丝碱解物、新型染料、助剂等难降解有机物大量进入纺织印染污水，对传统的污水处理工艺构成严重挑战，COD浓度也从原来的数百毫克每升上升到上千mg/L以上。漂染污水中含有染料、浆料、表面活性剂等助剂，该类污水水量大，浓度和色度均较低，如果单纯采用物化处理，则出水也在100-200mg/L之间，色度也难以满足排放要求。现有的污水处理剂不能满足印染纺织业污水的治理要求，主要存在污水治理效率低，污水治理周期长的缺陷。根据纺织印染行业自身的特点,印染污水的处理,应尽量采用重复回用和综合利用措施,与纺织印染生产工艺改革相结合,尽量减少水、碱以及其它印染助剂的用量，避免对水体造成二次污染。
生物法是近年来发展起来的一种新技术，主要依靠菌群对污水中的污染物进行降解，环境友好性好，不会造成二次污染，但是存在菌株配伍不合理，处理效果差等缺陷。中国发明专利CN103898003A公开了印染废水微生物同步脱色脱氮复合菌剂的制备方法，其制备了复合菌剂，取得了一定的效果，但是存在不能够去除高浓度色度，COD和氨氮处理效果也有待提高，并且会产生大量的污泥，需要进一步改进。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种用于处理印染污水的菌剂。本发明菌剂中各菌株配伍好，协同性强，能够有效地去除污水的各类污染物。
本发明还提供了一种用于处理印染污水的菌剂的制备方法
本发明是通过如下技术方案来实现的：
一种用于处理印染污水的菌剂的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：步骤1）制备发酵液，步骤2）制备复合菌液，步骤3）制备糊状物，步骤4）制备菌剂。
进一步地，所述制备方法包括如下步骤：
1）将产气荚膜梭菌、珊瑚色诺卡式菌、***丛毛单孢菌、赤红球菌、脱氮假单胞菌以及巨大芽孢杆菌分别按照斜面培养、摇瓶种子培养以及发酵罐培养获得产气荚膜梭菌发酵液、珊瑚色诺卡式菌发酵液、***丛毛单孢菌发酵液、赤红球菌发酵液、脱氮假单胞菌发酵液以及巨大芽孢杆菌发酵液；
2）调整产气荚膜梭菌发酵液、珊瑚色诺卡式菌发酵液、***丛毛单孢菌发酵液、赤红球菌发酵液、脱氮假单胞菌发酵液以及巨大芽孢杆菌发酵液的浓度均为1×1010cuf/ml，然后按照3-5:3-5:2-3:1-2:1-2:1-2的体积比混合均匀，得到复合菌液；
3）将壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、腐植酸以及聚乙烯醇按照3:2:1:1的质量比混合得到混合物，然后添加到占混合物两倍重量的水中，加热至60℃，保温条件下，300rpm搅拌30min，停止搅拌，自然冷却至室温，得到糊状物；
4）将复合菌液浓缩至水分含量为40wt%，然后与糊状物按照3-5:2-3的体积比混合，搅拌均匀，涂覆在亚麻布的正反两面，30℃干燥处理20min，再置于0.8-1.2wt%的CaCl2溶液中进行交联反应，反应时间为40-50min，取出，15℃低温干燥至水分含量在5-8wt%，即得。
进一步地，所述产气荚膜梭菌为ATCC 13124；所述珊瑚色诺卡式菌为ACCC 40100；所述***丛毛单孢菌为ATCC 55744；所述赤红球菌为ATCC 15906；所述脱氮假单胞菌为ATCC 13867；所述巨大芽孢杆菌为ATCC 12872。
进一步地，本发明斜面培养、摇瓶种子培养以及发酵罐培养方式是本领域常规技术，限于篇幅，并不详述。
本发明所用的耗材均可以从商业途径购买获得。
本发明取得的有益效果主要包括但是并不限于以下几个方面：
本发明菌剂中含有六种菌株，合理配伍，共生协调，互不拮抗，能够有效地去除印染污水中的污染物，操作工艺也相对简单；
本发明采用壳聚糖、腐植酸、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇以及氯化钙作为交联剂和有机反应剂，使菌剂表面形成有效的孔道和缝隙，增加了比表面积，提高了菌株吸附力；
本发明菌剂比表面积大，菌体附着力强，能够悬浮与污水中，避免了密度过大沉淀于池底造成的微生物分布不均而影响除污效果，还能减少污泥的产量，有利于废液中污染物的去除；
本发明经过处理后的污水COD、BOD、NH3-N、有机磷以及苯类物质浓度均达到国家回用标准，色度低，符合国家排放标准。
说明书附图
图1：本发明菌剂30天之内的污泥产生量检测。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请中的技术方案，下面将结合本申请具体实施例，对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种用于处理印染污水的菌剂，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
1）将产气荚膜梭菌、珊瑚色诺卡式菌、***丛毛单孢菌、赤红球菌、脱氮假单胞菌以及巨大芽孢杆菌分别按照斜面培养、摇瓶种子培养以及发酵罐培养获得产气荚膜梭菌发酵液、珊瑚色诺卡式菌发酵液、***丛毛单孢菌发酵液、赤红球菌发酵液、脱氮假单胞菌发酵液以及巨大芽孢杆菌发酵液；
2）调整产气荚膜梭菌发酵液、珊瑚色诺卡式菌发酵液、***丛毛单孢菌发酵液、赤红球菌发酵液、脱氮假单胞菌发酵液以及巨大芽孢杆菌发酵液的浓度均为1×1010cuf/ml，然后按照3:3:2:1:1:1的体积比混合均匀，得到复合菌液；
3）将壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、腐植酸以及聚乙烯醇按照3:2:1:1的质量比混合得到混合物，然后添加到占混合物两倍重量的水中，加热至60℃，保温条件下，300rpm搅拌30min，停止搅拌，自然冷却至室温，得到糊状物；
4）将复合菌液浓缩至水分含量为40wt%，然后与糊状物按照3:2的体积比混合，搅拌均匀，涂覆在亚麻布的正反两面，30℃干燥处理20min，再置于0.8wt%的CaCl2溶液中进行交联反应，反应时间为40min，取出，15℃低温干燥至水分含量在5wt%，即得。
所述产气荚膜梭菌为ATCC 13124；所述珊瑚色诺卡式菌为ACCC 40100；所述***丛毛单孢菌为ATCC 55744；所述赤红球菌为ATCC 15906；所述脱氮假单胞菌为ATCC13867；所述巨大芽孢杆菌为ATCC 12872。
实施例2
一种用于处理印染污水的菌剂，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
1）将产气荚膜梭菌、珊瑚色诺卡式菌、***丛毛单孢菌、赤红球菌、脱氮假单胞菌以及巨大芽孢杆菌分别按照斜面培养、摇瓶种子培养以及发酵罐培养获得产气荚膜梭菌发酵液、珊瑚色诺卡式菌发酵液、***丛毛单孢菌发酵液、赤红球菌发酵液、脱氮假单胞菌发酵液以及巨大芽孢杆菌发酵液；
2）调整产气荚膜梭菌发酵液、珊瑚色诺卡式菌发酵液、***丛毛单孢菌发酵液、赤红球菌发酵液、脱氮假单胞菌发酵液以及巨大芽孢杆菌发酵液的浓度均为1×1010cuf/ml，然后按照5:5:3:2:2:2的体积比混合均匀，得到复合菌液；
3）将壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、腐植酸以及聚乙烯醇按照3:2:1:1的质量比混合得到混合物，然后添加到占混合物两倍重量的水中，加热至60℃，保温条件下，300rpm搅拌30min，停止搅拌，自然冷却至室温，得到糊状物；
4）将复合菌液浓缩至水分含量为40wt%，然后与糊状物按照5:2的体积比混合，搅拌均匀，涂覆在亚麻布的正反两面，30℃干燥处理20min，再置于01.2wt%的CaCl2溶液中进行交联反应，反应时间为50min，取出，15℃低温干燥至水分含量在8wt%，即得。
所述产气荚膜梭菌为ATCC 13124；所述珊瑚色诺卡式菌为ACCC 40100；所述***丛毛单孢菌为ATCC 55744；所述赤红球菌为ATCC 15906；所述脱氮假单胞菌为ATCC13867；所述巨大芽孢杆菌为ATCC 12872。
实施例3
印染污水首先经过过滤去除大颗粒物质，然后经过沉淀池和酸碱调节池，进入生物反应池的水质情况为：化学需氧量（COD）浓度为2347mg/L，生化需氧量（BOD）浓度为461mg/L，含油量（油酯）浓度为348 mg/L，氨氮（NH3-N）浓度为215mg/L，苯类物质32mg/L，色度大于2000倍。设置三个组别：实施例1和对照组；对照组不添加菌剂。菌剂添加量方式为：按每立方米液体投加菌剂10g，处理时间为一周，生物氧化池的出水水质情况见表1。
表1
| 组别 | COD | BOD | 油脂 | 氨氮 | 苯类物质 | 色度 |
| 实施例1 | 9.3 | 3.6 | 14 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 5 |
| 对照组 | 2067 | 417 | 324 | 173 | 30 | ＞2000 |
实施例4
本发明菌剂中各菌株配伍效果测试：
设置七个组别：试验组：本发明实施例2；对照组1：不添加产气荚膜梭菌，其余同实施例2；对照组2：不添加珊瑚色诺卡式菌，其余同实施例2；对照组3：不添加***丛毛单孢菌，其余同实施例2；对照组4：不添加赤红球菌，其余同实施例2；对照组5：不添加脱氮假单胞菌，其余同实施例2；对照组6：不添加巨大芽孢杆菌，其余同实施例2。处理工艺同实施例3。具体检测结果见表2：
表2
| 组别 | COD | BOD | 油脂 | 氨氮 | 苯类物质 | 色度 |
| 试验组 | 13.5 | 5.3 | 12 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 7 |
| 对照组1 | 87 | 26 | 47 | 36 | 6.3 | 38 |
| 对照组2 | 53 | 24 | 33 | 19 | 7.3 | 76 |
| 对照组3 | 62 | 39 | 104 | 11 | 3.9 | 114 |
| 对照组4 | 104 | 36 | 44 | 47 | 2.3 | 145 |
| 对照组5 | 49 | 34 | 21 | 102 | 5.4 | 179 |
| 对照组6 | 60 | 51 | 26 | 35 | 2.1 | 78 |
结论：本发明菌剂中菌类合理配伍，协同性强，能够有效地去除印染污水中的各类污染物。
实施例5
本发明检测了第5，10，15，20天的污泥产生量，设置两个组别，其中，
试验组：本发明实施例1；
对照组：以硅藻土载体，与菌液按照2:1的质量比混合，干燥制得。
污泥产生量指标见附图1，由于本发明菌剂可以悬浮于液体中，避免了沉积絮集到池底，污泥的产生量大大降低，可以提高菌剂的使用寿命，并且污泥清理周期变长，节省了成本。
最后，还需要注意的是，以上列举的仅是本发明的若干个具体实施例。显然，本发明不限于以上实施例，还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形，均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于处理印染污水的菌剂的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：步骤1）制备发酵液，步骤2）制备复合菌液，步骤3）制备糊状物，步骤4）制备菌剂；
所述步骤1）制备发酵液，包括如下步骤：将产气荚膜梭菌、珊瑚色诺卡式菌、***丛毛单孢菌、赤红球菌、脱氮假单胞菌以及巨大芽孢杆菌分别按照斜面培养、摇瓶种子培养以及发酵罐培养获得产气荚膜梭菌发酵液、珊瑚色诺卡式菌发酵液、***丛毛单孢菌发酵液、赤红球菌发酵液、脱氮假单胞菌发酵液以及巨大芽孢杆菌发酵液；
所述步骤2）制备复合菌液，包括如下步骤：调整产气荚膜梭菌发酵液、珊瑚色诺卡式菌发酵液、***丛毛单孢菌发酵液、赤红球菌发酵液、脱氮假单胞菌发酵液以及巨大芽孢杆菌发酵液的浓度均为1×1010cfu /ml，然后按照3-5:3-5:2-3:1-2:1-2:1-2的体积比混合均匀，得到复合菌液；
所述步骤3）制备糊状物，包括如下步骤：将壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、腐植酸以及聚乙烯醇按照3:2:1:1的质量比混合得到混合物，然后添加到占混合物两倍重量的水中，加热至60℃，保温条件下，300rpm搅拌30min，停止搅拌，自然冷却至室温，得到糊状物；
所述步骤4）制备菌剂，包括如下步骤：将复合菌液浓缩至水分含量为40wt%，然后与糊状物按照3-5:2-3的体积比混合，搅拌均匀，涂覆在亚麻布的正反两面，30℃干燥处理20min，再置于0.8-1.2wt%的CaCl2溶液中进行交联反应，反应时间为40-50min，取出，15℃低温干燥至水分含量在5-8wt%，即得。
2.按照权利要求1所述的制备方法制备的菌剂。
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