CN107038151B - Energy storage control-based cascade optimization scheduling graph drawing method and scheduling method - Google Patents

Energy storage control-based cascade optimization scheduling graph drawing method and scheduling method Download PDF

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CN107038151B
CN107038151B CN201710172508.3A CN201710172508A CN107038151B CN 107038151 B CN107038151 B CN 107038151B CN 201710172508 A CN201710172508 A CN 201710172508A CN 107038151 B CN107038151 B CN 107038151B
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李朝新
朱江
高英
何勇
王静
王俊莉
顾文钰
过团挺
邹兴建
聂明慧
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Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
Guizhou Wujiang Hydropower Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a step optimization scheduling graph drawing method based on energy storage control, which comprises the following steps: determining a power generation operation rule of the cascade power station; determining a step energy storage reasonable range of key time nodes in the year and a corresponding step power station water level combination; calculating the natural incoming water power generation capacity of the t month step; calculating the cascade energy storage value and the cascade power generation amount of the tth month in the long series or the typical year at the end of the tth month, and simultaneously calculating the water level combination of the cascade power station at the end of the tth month and the maximum power generation capacity of the cascade of the tth month; and connecting the long series or typical annual step energy storage calculation result values to form an annual step energy storage process line, taking the upper envelope as the upper dispatching line of the step normal energy storage area, and taking the lower envelope as the lower dispatching line of the step normal energy storage area. And the relation between the energy storage of the cascade power station and the total generated energy of the cascade power station is reasonably reflected by combining the power generation operation rule of the cascade power station, and the power generation operation mode of the cascade power station is fully guided.

Description

Energy storage control-based cascade optimization scheduling graph drawing method and scheduling method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cascade hydropower station optimized dispatching in the water conservancy and power industry, in particular to a cascade hydropower station optimized dispatching graph drawing method based on energy storage control and a cascade reservoir dispatching method.
Background
The reservoir dispatching diagram is a relation diagram showing the relation between decision variables (water level, output, lower discharge, water supply and the like) and state variables (water level, energy storage and the like) in reservoir dispatching, and is a group of state variable change process lines with control significance drawn according to historical hydrological data of a power station and comprehensive utilization tasks of a reservoir. The reservoir dispatching diagram comprises state variable change process lines with control significance and a plurality of regions divided by the process lines, and the dispatching rules of the reservoir in different state variables are specified. With the dispatching diagram, the reservoir operation dispatching mode can be determined according to the state variable value of the reservoir at a certain moment and the working area of the reservoir in the dispatching diagram.
At present, the formulation of a single reservoir dispatching diagram and the application research data thereof are more, the method is mature, and the method plays a great role in reservoir dispatching, while the formulation of a cascade reservoir dispatching diagram, in particular a high-dimensional cascade reservoir group (with larger regulation performance and the number of reservoirs more than 2) and the application research thereof are less. With the cascade development of rivers, more and more reservoir groups are formed by a plurality of reservoirs with better regulation performance and are subjected to unified management and unified scheduling. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the formulation and application research of the cascade reservoir group scheduling diagram, and provide scientific basis for the operation scheduling of the cascade reservoir group.
The research contents of the existing cascade reservoir group optimal scheduling diagram are mainly as follows: content 1: based on the combined dispatching idea of the cascade reservoir groups, considering the hydraulic power relation between the cascade reservoirs, and selecting a relatively high-efficiency method for modeling and solving according to long-series or typical year history data to obtain dispatching diagrams of the reservoirs of the cascade; content 2: selecting the cascade energy storage as a total index for measuring the cascade reservoir group, constructing a cascade optimization model and solving according to long series or typical year history data, and drawing a cascade reservoir group optimization scheduling graph based on a function relation between the cascade energy storage and the cascade total output.
The problems of the existing research contents are as follows: although the idea of cascade joint scheduling is embodied in the content 1, the final result is still a single-reservoir scheduling graph, and indexes for measuring cascade reservoir groups cannot be intuitively displayed; the cascade scheduling graph in the content 2 gives a guidance relation between the cascade energy storage and the total cascade output, but cannot reflect the cascade power generation amount under the current cascade energy storage condition, and cannot give reference to the medium-and-long-term power generation operation mode of the cascade power station.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cascade optimization scheduling graph drawing method based on energy storage control, aiming at solving the problem that the existing cascade reservoir scheduling graph cannot intuitively guide cascade hydropower station scheduling operation according to the corresponding relation between cascade energy storage and power generation, wherein in the cascade optimization scheduling graph, energy storage is taken as a vertical coordinate, a natural month is taken as a horizontal coordinate to form a cascade energy storage-electric quantity scheduling graph, and the drawing method comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining a power generation operation rule of the cascade power station;
step 2: considering power station characteristics and power grid dispatching actual influence factors, analyzing from the angles of water abandoning risks, peak shaving risks and electric quantity risks, and determining a step energy storage reasonable range of key time nodes (such as the beginning of the year, the beginning of flood, the end of the alternative period of flood withering and the like) in the year and a corresponding step power station water level combination;
and step 3: according to the reasonable range of the cascade energy storage, based on the natural runoff data of the cascade of long series or typical years, calculating t to be 1 for the first time, and calculating the natural inflow power generation capacity of the cascade of the tth month;
and 4, step 4: calculating the cascade energy storage value at the end of the tth month of the long series or typical year according to the cascade power station power generation operation rule in the step 1, the cascade energy storage reasonable range of the key time node in the step 2 and the natural incoming water power generation capacity of the tth month of the cascade in the step 3;
and 5: if t is equal to t +1, if t is less than or equal to 12, the step is shifted to a step 3, and if t is greater than 12, the step is shifted to a step 6;
step 6: connecting long series or typical annual step energy storage calculation result values to form an annual step energy storage process line, taking an upper envelope as an upper dispatching line of a step normal energy storage area, and taking a lower envelope as a lower dispatching line of the step normal energy storage area, wherein the flood season follows the principle of reducing water abandon risk under the premise of ensuring flood control safety, and the normal energy storage area needs special treatment in the period, namely the lower dispatching line values in the normal energy storage area are taken as the lower limit value of the initial step energy storage reasonable range of flood, the part between the upper dispatching line and the lower dispatching line is the normal energy storage area, the area above the normal energy storage area is a reduced energy storage area, and the area below the normal energy storage area is an increased energy storage area; according to the step power generation operation rule in the step 1, dividing the normal energy storage area into different areas according to time, wherein the period of the step energy storage in the early years to the early flood target energy storage balanced collapse is a balanced collapse area, the period of the step energy storage in the flood season is a passive rising area, and the period of the step energy storage in the end flood season to the target energy storage in the end year is an active adjustment area according to the period of the incoming water to adjust to the target energy storage in the end year; and marking a balanced falling area, a passive rising area, an active adjusting area, a normal energy storage area, a reduced energy storage area and an increased energy storage area in the step energy storage-electric quantity dispatching graph to finally form the step energy storage-electric quantity optimizing dispatching graph.
Further, the step 1 specifically includes: generally speaking, a watershed cascade power station considers a combined dispatching mode, the annual initial cascade energy storage is balanced and eliminated to the initial flood target energy storage, and the faucet power station discharges water to the downstream for regulation and compensation; in the flood season, the risk of water abandonment is reduced on the premise of ensuring flood control safety, the faucet power station is shut down for storing water, other power stations in the lower reaches are filled with more natural incoming water according to a step natural incoming water flooding method, and step energy storage is passively raised; and the faucet power station discharges water to the downstream for adjustment and compensation from the end of the flood season to the end of the year, and the cascade power station adjusts the energy storage to the target energy storage at the end of the year according to the incoming water.
Further, the step of controlling the energy storage range of the cascade power station node based on the water abandoning risk in the step 2 comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of determining water abandoning risks of a power station under different steps of energy storage at the beginning of a flood by adopting power station length series or typical annual runoff data and comprehensively considering power station characteristics and power grid scheduling factors, and giving a reasonable range of the energy storage at the beginning of the flood by combining the principles of full generation and multiple generation under the condition of guaranteeing safety and reducing water abandoning;
further, the step of controlling the energy storage range of the cascade power station node based on the peak shaving risk in the step 2 comprises the following steps: the water level of the hydropower station in the early year to the initial flood gradually disappears along with the month, and at least disappears to the flood limit water level in the initial flood; in early years, a plurality of factors of load demand, power supply composition and hydroelectric power generation capacity are comprehensively considered, peak regulation risks in different energy storage low-dry periods in early years are determined, and a reasonable energy storage range in early years is given by combining with peak regulation control requirements of a power grid;
further, the step of controlling the energy storage range of the cascade power station node based on the electric quantity risk in the step 2 comprises the following steps: compiling a hydropower station annual power generation plan according to the predicted water coming condition, and determining an annual electric quantity target; in the beginning of the year, factors such as natural incoming water, power station characteristics, matching with other power supplies and the like are comprehensively considered, the electric quantity risk under different energy storage steps in the beginning of the year is determined, and the reasonable range of the energy storage steps in the beginning of the year is determined by combining the electric quantity evaluation target of the step power station.
Further, the step 3 specifically includes:
(S31) calculating the average water consumption rate in the t th month according to characteristics of each cascade power station and the water level combination of the cascade power station at the end of the (t-1) th month (if t is 1, the water level combination of the cascade power station at the beginning of the 1 month);
s32, calculating the natural runoff data of the Tth month step according to the natural runoff data of the long series or the typical year step, wherein the calculation formula is
Figure BDA0001251503510000031
In the formula, ENatural tThe natural incoming water power generation capacity of the Tth month step; eNatural i, tThe natural water power generation capacity of the power station i in the t month; n is the total number of the cascade power stations; qi,tThe natural incoming water flow of the dam site of the Tth power station i is shown; r isi,tThe average water consumption rate of the power station i in the t month; t is tsIs time, unit s.
Further, the step 4 specifically includes: according to the cascade power generation operation rule in the step 1, the cascade energy storage reasonable range of the key time node in the step 2 and the natural water supply power generation capacity of the long series or typical year cascade in the step 3, energy conservation is followed, the cascade energy storage at the end of the tth month and the cascade power generation capacity of the tth month are calculated, and meanwhile, the water level combination of the cascade power station at the end of the tth month and the maximum power generation capacity of the cascade of the tth month are calculated, wherein the maximum power generation capacity of the cascade of the tth month is used as a constraint upper limit of the cascade power generation capacity of the tth month, and the specific calculation and drawing:
s41, if the tth month is in early annual till beginning of flood (balanced settlement area): the step energy storage change in the period follows the principle of balanced falling, namely the daily generated energy is equal. Energy storage according to the early years step X0Flood-harmonizing primary step energy storage XT1The generating capacity E of the t month of the step of the periodHair tTth month end step energy storage XtThe calculation formula is as follows,
Figure BDA0001251503510000032
Xt＝Xt-1+Enatural t-EHair t
In the formula, D1～T1The total days from the beginning of the year to the beginning of the flood; emax,tThe maximum power generation capacity of the tth-month cascade power station; {}minWhichever is the lesser of the two.
S42, if the tth month is in a flood season (a passive rising area): the first step energy storage X of flood in this periodT1Calculated by S41, the tap power station is shut down to store water, and the downstream cascade power station naturally generates electricity by using incoming water in full cascade. Step t month generated energy EHair tThe energy storage X is the smaller of the full-step natural incoming water generating capacity of the month and the maximum generating capacity of a downstream step power stationtCan be calculated month by month through flood initial step energy storage, the calculation formula is as follows,
Ehair t＝{ENatural t,EDetain dragon max, t}min
Xt＝Xt-1+ENatural t-EHair t
In the formula, EDetain dragon max, tAnd deducting the maximum power generation capacity of the downstream cascade power station outside the tap power station for the t month.
S43, if the tth month is from the end of the flood season to the end of the year (active adjustment area): the energy storage of the last year step of the period is known as XTI.e. XT＝X0Step energy storage X at the end of flood seasonT2Has been calculated from S42; the power generation is carried out by the cascade power station according to natural incoming water from the end of the flood season to the end of the flood withering alternating season; the step energy storage balance is adjusted to the target energy storage X at the end of the year from the end of the alternative period of the flood withering to the end of the yearTThe energy storage variation quantity of the steps month by month is consistent; the number of months from the end of the alternate season of flood withers to the end of the year is T3, if the end of the alternate season of flood withers is 9 months, T3 is 3, the calculation formula is as follows,
alternating from the end of the flood season to the end of the flood withering season: eHair t＝{ENatural t,Emax,t}min
Xt＝Xt-1+ENatural t-EHair t
Alternative flood withering from end of season to end of year:
Figure BDA0001251503510000041
Ehair t＝{Xt-1-Xt+ENatural t，Emax,t}min
Further, the step 6 specifically includes: connecting the long series or typical annual step energy storage calculation result values obtained in the steps 1 to 5 to form an annual step energy storage process line, taking an upper envelope as an upper dispatching line of a step normal energy storage area, taking a lower envelope as a lower dispatching line of the step normal energy storage area, wherein the flood season follows the principle of reducing the risk of water abandonment on the premise of ensuring flood control safety, and the normal energy storage area needs special treatment in the period, namely the lower dispatching line values of the normal energy storage area are taken as the lower limit value of the initial flood stage reasonable range, the upper part of the normal energy storage area is marked as a reduced energy storage area, the lower part of the normal energy storage area is marked as an increased energy storage area, and the normal energy storage area is marked as a balanced settlement area, a passive rising area and an active adjustment area from the beginning of the year to the beginning of the flood season, the end of the flood season and the.
The invention also provides a cascade reservoir dispatching method applying any one cascade energy storage-electric quantity optimization dispatching graph, wherein in the cascade energy storage-electric quantity optimization dispatching graph, in the longitudinal direction, the dispatching graph is divided into a reduced energy storage area, a normal energy storage area and an increased energy storage area; in the transverse direction, the normal energy storage area is divided into a balanced falling area, a passive rising area and an active adjusting area according to time; the method for using the scheduling graph comprises the following steps:
when the cascade energy storage is positioned in a normal energy storage area, setting the energy storage of a cascade power station to be resolved towards a target energy storage value from early years to early flood, wherein the generated energy of the cascade reservoir comprises natural incoming water power generation capacity and an energy storage normal resolving part; in the flood season, the faucet power station is set to be shut down for storing water, other power stations at the lower reaches generate electricity according to full-step natural incoming water, and step energy storage is passively raised; and setting a step power station from the end of the flood season to the end of the year to adjust the water level according to the energy storage of the incoming water to the target end of the year.
When the cascade energy storage is positioned in the reduced energy storage area, the power station is set to increase the output power, and the generated energy is increased to return the energy storage to the normal energy storage area;
when the step energy storage is located in the increased energy storage area, the power station is set to reduce the output power, and the generated energy is reduced to enable the energy storage to return to the normal energy storage area.
The technical scheme of the invention combines the power generation operation rule of the cascade power station, reasonably reflects the relation between the energy storage of the cascade power station and the total power generation amount of the cascade power station, and fully guides the power generation operation mode of the cascade power station.
Drawings
The features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for generating a cascade optimization dispatch graph based on energy storage control according to some embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram of wujiang step energy storage-electric quantity optimization scheduling in some embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example one
The embodiment of the invention provides a cascade optimization dispatch graph drawing method based on energy storage control, wherein in the cascade optimization dispatch graph, energy storage is taken as a vertical coordinate, a natural month is taken as a horizontal coordinate to form a cascade energy storage-electric quantity dispatch graph, as shown in figure 1, the drawing method comprises the following steps:
s110: and determining the power generation operation rule of the cascade power station. The watershed cascade power station considers a combined dispatching mode, the annual initial cascade energy storage is balanced and subsided to the initial flood target energy storage, and the faucet power station discharges water to the downstream for regulation and compensation; in the flood season, the risk of water abandonment is reduced on the premise of ensuring flood control safety, the faucet power station is shut down for storing water, other power stations in the lower reaches are filled with more natural incoming water according to a step natural incoming water flooding method, and step energy storage is passively raised; and the faucet power station discharges water to the downstream for adjustment and compensation from the end of the flood season to the end of the year, and the cascade power station adjusts the energy storage to the target energy storage at the end of the year according to the incoming water.
S120: and (4) considering the power station characteristics and the actual influence factors of power grid dispatching, analyzing from the angles of water abandoning risks, peak shaving risks and electric quantity risks, and determining the cascade energy storage reasonable range of key time nodes in the year and the corresponding cascade power station water level combination. Controlling the energy storage range of the cascade power station based on the water abandoning risk, controlling the energy storage range of the cascade power station based on the peak shaving risk, and controlling the energy storage range of the cascade power station based on the electric quantity risk; the step of controlling the energy storage range of the cascade power station based on the water abandoning risk comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of determining water abandoning risks under different steps of energy storage at the beginning of a flood by adopting power station length series or typical annual runoff data and comprehensively considering power station characteristics and power grid scheduling factors, and giving a reasonable range of the energy storage at the beginning of the flood by combining the principles of full generation, multiple generation and reduction of water abandoning under the condition of ensuring safety; the step of controlling the cascade power station energy storage range based on the peak shaving risk comprises the following steps: the water level of the hydropower station in the early year to the initial flood gradually disappears along with the month, and at least disappears to the flood limit water level in the initial flood; in early years, a plurality of factors of load demand, power supply composition and hydroelectric power generation capacity are comprehensively considered, peak regulation risks in different energy storage low-dry periods in early years are determined, and a reasonable energy storage range in early years is given by combining with peak regulation control requirements of a power grid; the step of controlling the energy storage range of the cascade power station based on the electric quantity risk comprises the following steps: compiling a hydropower station annual power generation plan according to the predicted water coming condition, and determining an annual electric quantity target; in the beginning of the year, factors such as natural incoming water, power station characteristics, matching with other power supplies and the like are comprehensively considered, the electric quantity risk under different energy storage steps in the beginning of the year is determined, and the reasonable range of the energy storage steps in the beginning of the year is determined by combining the electric quantity evaluation target of the step power station.
S130: and (5) calculating the natural incoming water power generation capacity of the t month step. According to the reasonable range of the cascade energy storage, based on the natural runoff data of long series or typical year cascade, calculating t to be 1 for the first time, and calculating the natural inflow water power generation capacity of the cascade in the tth month, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
① calculating the average water consumption rate in the t month from the characteristics of each cascade power station and the water level combination of the cascade power station at the end of the (t-1) th month (if t is 1, the water level combination of the cascade power station at the beginning of the 1 month);
② calculating the natural runoff data of the Tth month step according to the natural runoff data of the long series or the typical year step, wherein the calculation formula is
Figure BDA0001251503510000061
In the formula, ENatural tThe natural incoming water power generation capacity of the Tth month step; eNatural i, tThe natural water power generation capacity of the power station i in the t month; n is the total number of the cascade power stations; qi,tIs the natural dam site of the Tth month power station iThe flow rate of the incoming water; r isi,tThe average water consumption rate of the power station i in the t month; t is tsIs time, unit s.
S140: and (4) calculating the energy storage of the last step of the tth month and the power generation of the t month step. According to the power generation operation rule of the cascade power station in the S110, the reasonable cascade energy storage range of the key time node in the S120 and the natural incoming water power generation capacity of the cascade in the S130, energy conservation is followed, the energy storage of the cascade at the end of the tth month and the power generation capacity of the cascade in the tth month are calculated, and meanwhile, the water level combination of the cascade power station at the end of the tth month and the maximum power generation capacity of the cascade in the tth month are calculated, wherein the maximum power generation capacity of the cascade in the tth month is used as the constraint upper limit of the power generation capacity of the cascade in:
① if the first year is in the early part of the first year (equilibrium settlement area), the step energy storage change follows the principle of equilibrium settlement, i.e. the daily generated energy is equal, and the energy storage X is based on the step energy storage0Flood-harmonizing primary step energy storage XT1The generating capacity E of the t month of the step of the periodHair tTth month end step energy storage XtThe calculation formula is as follows,
Figure BDA0001251503510000071
Xt＝Xt-1+Enatural t-EHair t
In the formula, D1～T1The total days from the beginning of the year to the beginning of the flood; emax,tThe maximum power generation capacity of the tth-month cascade power station; {}minWhichever is the lesser of the two.
② if it is in flood season (passive rising area) in the first step of flood in the seasonT1Calculated by ①, the faucet power station is stopped to store water, the downstream cascade power station generates electricity according to full-cascade natural incoming water, and the cascade monthly generated energy EHair tThe energy storage X is the smaller of the full-step natural incoming water generating capacity of the month and the maximum generating capacity of a downstream step power stationtCan be calculated month by month through flood initial step energy storage, the calculation formula is as follows,
Ehair t＝{ENatural t,EDetain dragon max, t}min
Xt＝Xt-1+ENatural t-EHair t
In the formula, EDetain dragon max, tAnd deducting the maximum power generation capacity of the downstream cascade power station outside the tap power station for the t month.
③ if the t month is from the end of flood season to the end of year (active regulation area), the energy storage of the last step of the season is known as XTI.e. XT＝X0Step energy storage X at the end of flood seasonT2Calculated by ②, the cascade power station generates power according to natural incoming water from the end of the flood season to the end of the flood withered period, and the cascade energy storage balance is adjusted to the end of the year target energy storage XTThe energy storage variation quantity of the steps month by month is consistent; the number of months from the end of the alternate season of flood withers to the end of the year is T3, if the end of the alternate season of flood withers is 9 months, T3 is 3, the calculation formula is as follows,
alternating from the end of the flood season to the end of the flood withering season: eHair t＝{ENatural t,Emax,t}min
Xt＝Xt-1+ENatural t-EHair t
Alternative flood withering from end of season to end of year:
Figure BDA0001251503510000072
Ehair t＝{Xt-1-Xt+ENatural t，Emax,t}min
S150, if t is equal to t +1, if t is less than or equal to 12, the process goes to step 3, and if t is greater than 12, the process goes to step 6;
s160, connecting long series or typical year step energy storage calculation result values to form an annual step energy storage process line, taking an upper envelope as an upper dispatching line of a step normal energy storage area, and taking a lower envelope as a lower dispatching line of the step normal energy storage area, wherein the flood season follows the principle of reducing water abandon risks on the premise of ensuring flood control safety, and the normal energy storage area needs special treatment in the period, namely the lower dispatching line values of the normal energy storage area are taken as the lower limit value of a flood initial step energy storage reasonable range, the part between the upper dispatching line and the lower dispatching line is a normal energy storage area, the area above the normal energy storage area is a reduced energy storage area, and the area below the normal energy storage area is an increased energy storage area; according to the step power generation operation rule in the S110, dividing the normal energy storage area into different areas according to time, wherein the period of the early-year step energy storage to the early-flood target energy storage balanced collapse is a balanced collapse area, the period of the step energy storage passive rising in the flood season is a passive rising area, and the period of the step energy storage in the end-flood season is adjusted to the end-year target energy storage according to the incoming water is an active adjustment area; and marking a balanced falling area, a passive rising area, an active adjusting area, a normal energy storage area, a reduced energy storage area and an increased energy storage area in the step energy storage-electric quantity dispatching graph to finally form the step energy storage-electric quantity optimizing dispatching graph.
The cascade optimization scheduling graph drawing method based on the energy storage control can reasonably reflect the relation between the energy storage of the cascade power station and the total generated energy of the cascade power station and fully guide the power generation operation mode of the cascade power station.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a cascade reservoir dispatching method utilizing the cascade energy storage-electric quantity optimization dispatching graph, wherein in the cascade energy storage-electric quantity optimization dispatching graph, in the longitudinal direction, the dispatching graph is divided into a reduced energy storage area, a normal energy storage area and an increased energy storage area; in the transverse direction, the normal energy storage area is divided into a balanced falling area, a passive rising area and an active adjusting area according to time; the method for using the scheduling graph comprises the following steps:
when the cascade energy storage is positioned in a normal energy storage area, the energy storage of the annual cascade power station is balanced towards the initial flood target energy storage and subsides, and the generated energy of the cascade reservoir comprises the natural incoming water power generation capacity and the energy storage normal subsidence part; in the flood season, the faucet power station is shut down to store water, other power stations in the lower reaches generate electricity according to the natural incoming water of the steps, and the step energy storage is passively raised; and setting a step power station from the end of the flood season to the end of the year to adjust the water level according to the energy storage of the incoming water to the target end of the year.
When the cascade energy storage is positioned in the reduced energy storage area, the power station is set to increase the output power, and the generated energy is increased to return the energy storage to the normal energy storage area;
when the step energy storage is located in the increased energy storage area, the power station is set to reduce the output power, and the generated energy is reduced to enable the energy storage to return to the normal energy storage area.
Example two
The embodiment of the invention also provides a step optimization dispatch graph drawing method based on energy storage control, which comprises the following specific steps:
step power station power generation operation rule determination
Generally speaking, a watershed cascade power station considers a combined dispatching mode, the aim of maximizing cascade benefit is taken as the target, comprehensive utilization requirements such as water diversion, irrigation and the like need to be met from early years to early flood season, a faucet power station discharges water to downstream for adjustment and compensation, the power station with poor adjustment performance needs to ensure high enough water level operation, and cascade energy storage is stored and evenly dissipated to the early flood season target; the energy storage of the flood first-stage power station is dissipated to a relatively low level in the year, the risk of water abandonment is reduced as much as possible on the premise of ensuring flood control safety, the faucet power station is shut down to store water, the downstream stage power station is full of water according to natural incoming water, the power station with good adjusting performance fully utilizes the self-adjusting storage capacity to block and store the flood in the later stage of the flood season, and the enough compensation capacity in the dry period is ensured; and the faucet power station discharges water to the downstream for adjustment and compensation from the end of the flood season to the end of the year, the downstream cascade power station keeps higher water level operation, and the cascade power station adjusts the energy storage to the target energy storage at the end of the year according to the incoming water.
Step energy storage reasonable range of key node and corresponding step power station water level combination determination
The method is characterized by comprehensively considering influence factors such as power station characteristics, power grid dispatching practice and the like, carrying out deep analysis from the aspects of water abandoning risks, peak shaving risks, electric quantity risks and the like, determining the reasonable energy storage range of the cascade power station of key time nodes (such as early years, early flood, late alternative flood season and the like) in the year and the corresponding cascade power station water level combination, and ensuring that the cascade power station energy storage in the range can ensure the safe and stable operation of a sufficient power grid and meet the evaluation requirements of power generation enterprises.
S21, controlling energy storage range of cascade power station node based on water abandoning risk control
In the flood season, the hydropower stations naturally come from concentrated water, in order to fully utilize water resources, the hydropower stations are usually preferentially arranged to generate electricity by the power grid, and in areas with more hydropower stations, part of the hydropower stations even bear basic load, so that the hydropower stations are required to generate more full power and reduce water abandon on the premise of ensuring safety. The cascade energy storage control in the flood season directly influences the water abandoning probability in the flood season, long-series or typical annual runoff data of a power station are adopted, multiple factors such as power station characteristics, power grid dispatching and the like are comprehensively considered, the water abandoning risk of the power station under different cascade energy storage in the beginning of the flood is researched, the reasonable range of the cascade energy storage in the beginning of the flood is given, the water level of the power station is guided to be reasonably controlled, and the maximization of the power generation benefit in the flood season is realized on the premise that the safe operation of the power station is ensured.
S22, cascade power station node energy storage range control based on peak regulation risk control
The hydropower station for early annual flood season has the main functions of providing peak load regulation and guaranteeing safe and stable operation of a power grid, the water level of the hydropower station is gradually reduced at this stage to provide necessary peak regulation electric quantity for the power grid, and at the same time, the water level is reduced to the flood limit water level at the early flood season so as to meet flood season flood water and guarantee flood control safety of the power station. As the incoming water is relatively less in the period, the peak-shaving electric quantity level of the power station in the period is directly influenced by the level of the water level in the early years, a plurality of factors such as load requirements, power supply composition, hydroelectric power generation capacity and the like are comprehensively considered, the peak-shaving risks under different energy storage steps in the early years are researched, and the reasonable range of the energy storage steps in the early years is given by combining the peak-shaving control requirement of the power grid so as to guide the power station to reasonably disappear in the period, so that the power generation benefit of the power station is guaranteed, and the safe and stable operation of the power.
S23, controlling energy storage range of cascade power station node based on electric quantity risk control
From the perspective of annual scheduling operation, the hydropower station must compile an annual power generation plan according to predicted water conditions to determine an annual power objective. This objective affects on the one hand the efficiency of the plant and on the other hand also the balance of the electricity supply and demand in the whole grid. Due to the uncertainty of incoming water and the unknown of various scheduling related factors in actual operation, the power station has the risk that the power target cannot be completed. Besides natural incoming water, the influence of the power station energy storage in the early years on the power generation in the next year is prominent, factors such as natural incoming water and power station characteristics are comprehensively considered, the electric quantity risk under different grade energy storage in the early years is researched, and the reasonable range of the grade energy storage in the early years is given by combining the electric quantity evaluation target of the grade power station so as to guide the power station to reasonably compile an electric quantity plan and deal with the uncertain influence of natural incoming water.
Thirdly, calculating the power generation capacity of the natural incoming water
According to the reasonable range of the cascade energy storage, based on the natural runoff data of long series or typical year cascade, calculating t to be 1 for the first time, and calculating the natural inflow water power generation capacity of the cascade in the tth month, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
(S31) calculating the average water consumption rate in the t th month according to characteristics of each cascade power station and the water level combination of the cascade power station at the end of the (t-1) th month (if t is 1, the water level combination of the cascade power station at the beginning of the 1 month);
s32, calculating the natural runoff data of the Tth month step according to the natural runoff data of the long series or the typical year step, wherein the calculation formula is
Figure BDA0001251503510000101
In the formula, ENatural tThe natural incoming water power generation capacity of the Tth month step; eNatural i, tThe natural water power generation capacity of the power station i in the t month; n is the total number of the cascade power stations; qi,tThe natural incoming water flow of the dam site of the Tth power station i is shown; r isi,tThe average water consumption rate of the power station i in the t month; t is tsIs time, unit s.
Four-step energy storage value calculation
According to the power generation operation rule of the cascade power station in the first step, the reasonable cascade energy storage range of the key time node in the second step and the natural water power generation capacity in the third step in the t month, energy conservation is followed, the energy storage at the end of the t month and the power generation capacity of the cascade in the t month are calculated, and meanwhile, the water level combination of the cascade power station at the end of the t month and the maximum power generation capacity of the cascade in the t month are calculated, wherein the maximum power generation capacity of the cascade in the t month is used as the constraint upper limit of the power generation capacity of the cascade in the t month:
s41, if the tth month is in early annual till beginning of flood (balanced settlement area): the step energy storage change in the period follows the principle of balanced falling, namely the daily generated energy is equal. Energy storage according to the early years step X0Flood-harmonizing primary step energy storage XT1The generating capacity E of the t month of the step of the periodHair tTth month end step energy storage XtThe calculation formula is as follows,
Figure BDA0001251503510000102
Xt＝Xt-1+Enatural t-EHair t
In the formula, D1～T1The total days from the beginning of the year to the beginning of the flood; emax,tThe maximum power generation capacity of the tth-month cascade power station; {}minWhichever is the lesser of the two.
S42, if the tth month is in a flood season (a passive rising area): the first step energy storage X of flood in this periodT1Calculated by S41, the cascade power station is operated in a way that the faucet power station is shut down for storing water, and the downstream cascade power station naturally generates electricity according to full-cascade incoming water. Step t month generated energy EHair tThe energy storage X is the smaller of the full-step natural incoming water generating capacity of the month and the maximum generating capacity of a downstream step power stationtCan be calculated month by month through flood initial step energy storage, the calculation formula is as follows,
Ehair t＝{ENatural t,EDetain dragon max, t}min
Xt＝Xt-1+ENatural t-EHair t
In the formula, EDetain dragon max, tAnd deducting the maximum power generation capacity of the downstream cascade power station outside the tap power station for the t month.
S43, if the tth month is from the end of the flood season to the end of the year (active adjustment area): the energy storage of the last year step of the period is known as XTI.e. XT＝X0Step energy storage X at the end of flood seasonT2Has been calculated from S42; the power generation is carried out by the cascade power station according to natural incoming water from the end of the flood season to the end of the flood withering alternating season; the step energy storage balance is adjusted to the target energy storage X at the end of the year from the end of the alternative period of the flood withering to the end of the yearTThe energy storage variation quantity of the steps month by month is consistent; the number of months from the end of the alternate season of flood withers to the end of the year is T3, if the end of the alternate season of flood withers is 9 months, T3 is 3, the calculation formula is as follows,
alternating from the end of the flood season to the end of the flood withering season: eHair t＝{ENatural t,Emax,t}min
Xt＝Xt-1+ENatural t-EHair t
Flood witheringAlternate end of term to end of year:
Figure BDA0001251503510000111
Ehair t＝{Xt-1-Xt+ENatural t，Emax,t}min
Drawing of energy storage-electric quantity scheduling graph in five steps
After the calculation of the whole long series or typical annual step energy storage values is finished, connecting the calculation result values to form an annual step energy storage process line, taking an upper envelope as an upper dispatching line of a step normal energy storage area, and taking a lower envelope as a lower dispatching line of the step normal energy storage area, wherein the flood season follows the principle of reducing the risk of water abandonment on the premise of ensuring flood control safety, and the normal energy storage area needs special treatment in the period, namely the lower dispatching line values of the normal energy storage area are all taken as the lower limit value of the reasonable range of the initial flood step, the part between the upper dispatching line and the lower dispatching line is the normal energy storage area, the area above the normal energy storage area is a reduced energy storage area, and the area below the normal energy storage area is an increased; according to a step power generation operation rule in the first step, dividing a normal energy storage area into different areas according to time, wherein the period of balanced settlement from the annual initial step energy storage to the flood initial target energy storage is a balanced settlement area, the period of passive rising of the step energy storage in the flood season is a passive rising area, and the period of adjustment from the annual end step energy storage to the annual end target energy storage in the flood season is an active adjustment area; and marking a balanced falling area, a passive rising area, an active adjusting area, a normal energy storage area, a reduced energy storage area and an increased energy storage area in the step energy storage-electric quantity dispatching graph to finally form the step energy storage-electric quantity optimizing dispatching graph.
Six, step energy storage-electric quantity scheduling chart using rule (step reservoir scheduling method)
As can be seen from the cascade energy storage-electric quantity optimization dispatching graph, the dispatching graph is divided into a reduced energy storage area, a normal energy storage area and an increased energy storage area from the longitudinal view; from the transverse view, the normal energy storage area is divided into a balanced falling area, a passive rising area and an active adjusting area according to time.
1) And (4) a normal energy storage area:
a. early annual till flood (balanced hydro-fluctuation area): the cascade energy storage in the period is balanced towards the initial flood target energy storage value, and the generated energy of the cascade reservoir comprises the natural incoming water power generation capacity and the energy storage normal settlement part.
b. Flood season (passive rising zone): in the period, the tap power station is shut down to store water, the downstream cascade power station generates power according to the natural incoming water of the cascade, and the cascade energy storage rises passively.
c. Flood term end to end of year (active adjustment zone): in the period, the faucet reservoir is adjusted and compensated downstream, the reservoir water level of each downstream reservoir is gradually raised, and the cascade power station adjusts the water level to the target energy storage at the end of the year according to the incoming water.
2) Lowering the energy storage area
If the energy storage is in the interval, the output force should be properly increased, and the generated energy is increased to return the energy storage to the normal energy storage area.
3) Increasing the energy storage area
If the energy storage is in the interval, the output force is properly reduced, and the generated energy is reduced to return the energy storage to the normal energy storage area.
The embodiment of the invention combines the power generation operation rule of the cascade power station, reasonably reflects the relation between the energy storage of the cascade power station and the total power generation amount of the cascade power station, and fully guides the power generation operation mode of the cascade power station.
EXAMPLE III
The cascade optimization scheduling graph drawing method based on energy storage control in the embodiment takes Wujiang cascade power stations (including hong jia river, east wind, cable run, Wujiang river, big flower water, Grignard bridge, paper beach, thinking and Shatuo nine power stations) as research objects, and comprises the following steps:
first, Wujiang step power station power generation operation rule determination
The power generation operation rules of the early year to the beginning of flood (1 month to 4 months later): according to the principle of the step energy storage balance settlement, the step energy storage balance settlement to the flood primary target energy storage; the flood shop of the faucet power station discharges water to the downstream for adjustment and compensation so as to raise the water level of the downstream step power station.
The power generation operation rules in the flood season (5 months beginning to 8 months end): the flood ferry of the tap power station is shut down for storing water, the downstream step generating capacity is a smaller value of the step natural incoming water generating capacity and the maximum generating capacity of the downstream step power station except the flood ferry, and the step energy storage is passively increased.
The power generation operation rules from the end of the flood season to the end of the year (from the beginning of 9 months to the end of 12 months): the method comprises the steps that a faucet power station discharges water to the downstream for adjustment and compensation, the water level of each reservoir at the downstream is lifted, a cascade power station adjusts the water level to target energy storage at the end of a year according to incoming water, wherein the cascade power station generates electricity according to natural incoming water from the end of a flood season to the end of a flood season shortage alternating season (from the beginning of 9 months to the end of 9 months), and the cascade energy storage is adjusted to target energy storage in a balanced mode from the end of the flood season to the end of the year (from the end of 9 months to the end.
Determining reasonable energy storage range of key node
The reasonable energy storage range of the Wujiang step at the beginning of a flood (4 months end) is determined to be 19-30 hundred million kWh, which is mainly considered from the following points:
1) considering the angle of the water abandoning risk, the initial energy storage of the Wujiang cascade flood is not higher than 30 hundred million kWh, otherwise the water abandoning risk in the flood season is larger;
2) from the perspective of water storage in the later stage of flood ferry, the initial energy storage of the Wujiang cascade flood is not higher than 30 hundred million kWh, otherwise the flood ferry abandons water and has larger risk.
3) In the aspect of unit economy and practical dispatching, the initial energy storage of the Wujiang river cascade flood is not lower than 19 hundred million kWh, otherwise the unit economy level is not high.
The reasonable energy storage range of the Wujiang step in the beginning of the year (1 month) is determined to be 50-70 hundred million kWh, which is mainly considered from the following points:
1) in view of peak regulation risk, energy storage of Wujiang should not be lower than 50 hundred million kWh at the beginning of the year, otherwise, safe and stable operation of a power grid is affected;
2) from the perspective of water, fire and electricity coordination, energy storage of the Wujiang gradient is not higher than 70 hundred million kWh at the beginning of the year, otherwise, the Wujiang gradient occupies a thermal power generation space in a dry period.
Thirdly, calculating the power generation capacity of the natural incoming water
Based on the natural runoff data of the long series or typical year steps, the average water consumption rate in the t month is calculated according to the characteristics of each step power station and the water level combination of the step power station at the end of the (t-1) th month, and the natural water coming generating capacity of the step in the t month is further calculated according to the following formula. When t is 1, the water consumption rate of 1 month is calculated by the water level combination of the power station with the initial step of 1 month, and the water consumption rate is substituted into the following formula to calculate the natural water-coming power generation capacity of the step of 1 month.
Figure BDA0001251503510000131
In the formula, ENatural tThe natural incoming water power generation capacity of the Tth month step; eNatural i, tThe natural water power generation capacity of the power station i in the t month; n is the total number of the cascade power stations; qi,tThe natural incoming water flow of the dam site of the Tth power station i is shown; r isi,tThe average water consumption rate of the power station i in the t month; t is tsIs time, unit s.
Four-step energy storage value calculation
According to the power generation operation rule of the cascade power station in the first step, the reasonable cascade energy storage range of the key time node in the second step and the natural water power generation capacity in the third step in the t month, energy conservation is followed, the energy storage at the end of the t month and the power generation capacity of the cascade in the t month are calculated, and meanwhile, the water level combination of the cascade power station at the end of the t month and the maximum power generation capacity of the cascade in the t month are calculated, wherein the maximum power generation capacity of the cascade in the t month is used as the constraint upper limit of the power generation capacity of the cascade in the t month:
s41, if the tth month is in early annual till beginning of flood (balanced settlement area): the step energy storage change in the period follows the principle of balanced falling, namely the daily generated energy is equal. Energy storage according to the early years step X0Flood-harmonizing primary step energy storage XT1The generating capacity E of the t month of the step of the periodHair tTth month end step energy storage XtThe calculation formula is as follows,
Figure BDA0001251503510000141
Xt＝Xt-1+Enatural t-EHair t
In the formula, D1～T1The total days from the beginning of the year to the beginning of the flood; emax,tThe maximum power generation capacity of the tth-month cascade power station; {}minWhichever is the lesser of the two.
S42, if the tth month is in a flood season (a passive rising area): the first step energy storage X of flood in this periodT1Calculated by S41, faucet power stationStopping the machine to store water, and generating power by the downstream cascade power station according to full-cascade natural incoming water. Step t month generated energy EHair tThe energy storage X is the smaller of the full-step natural incoming water generating capacity of the month and the maximum generating capacity of a downstream step power stationtCan be calculated month by month through flood initial step energy storage, the calculation formula is as follows,
Ehair t＝{ENatural t,EDetain dragon max, t}min
Xt＝Xt-1+ENatural t-EHair t
In the formula, EDetain dragon max, tAnd deducting the maximum power generation capacity of the downstream cascade power station outside the tap power station for the t month.
S43, the energy storage of the grade at the end of the period is known as XTI.e. XT＝X0Step energy storage X at the end of flood seasonT2Has been calculated from S72; the power generation is carried out by the cascade power station according to natural incoming water from the end of the flood season to the end of the flood withering alternating season; the step energy storage balance is adjusted to the target energy storage X at the end of the year from the end of the alternative period of the flood withering to the end of the yearTThe energy storage variation quantity of the steps month by month is consistent; the number of months from the end of the alternate period of flood withering to the end of the year is T3, the calculation formula is as follows,
alternating from the end of the flood season to the end of the flood withering season: eHair t＝{ENatural t,Emax,t}min
Xt＝Xt-1+ENatural t-EHair t
Alternative flood withering from end of season to end of year:
Figure BDA0001251503510000142
Ehair t＝{Xt-1-Xt+ENatural t，Emax,t}min
And after the calculation of the t-th month cascade energy storage value is finished, making t equal to t +1, returning to the third step, and circularly calculating the natural incoming water power generation capacity of the (t +1) -th month cascade and the (t +1) -th month end cascade energy storage value until the calculation is finished at the end of 12 months. Taking the average grade of the natural water for many years as an example, the average natural water volume of the dam site of the Wujiang grade power station, the average natural water power generation capacity for many years corresponding to the upper limit of the reasonable range of the grade energy storage, and the average natural water power generation capacity for many years corresponding to the lower limit of the reasonable range of the grade energy storage are respectively shown in tables 1, 2 and 3:
TABLE 1 Ujiang cascade power station dam site monthly-by-month average natural water inflow
Power station 1 month 2 month 3 month 4 month Month 5 6 month 7 month 8 month 9 month 10 month 11 month 12 month
Flood control system 1.26 1.14 1.29 2.24 5.05 8.95 8.71 5.87 4.27 3.62 2.34 1.51
East 2.84 2.56 2.90 5.04 11.34 20.12 19.57 13.20 9.61 8.14 5.25 3.40
Cable 3.34 3.01 3.41 5.93 13.34 23.66 23.02 15.53 11.30 9.57 6.18 3.99
Black-bone black tea 4.09 3.69 4.18 7.26 16.34 28.98 28.20 19.02 13.84 11.72 7.57 4.89
Structure of the organization 6.16 5.56 6.30 10.94 24.63 43.68 42.50 28.66 20.87 17.67 11.41 7.37
Thought of 7.16 6.46 7.32 12.71 28.61 50.74 49.37 33.30 24.24 20.52 13.25 8.57
Sand 8.13 7.34 8.31 14.44 32.50 57.63 56.08 37.82 27.53 23.31 15.05 9.73
Big (a) 0.65 0.59 0.67 1.16 2.61 4.62 4.50 3.03 2.21 1.87 1.21 0.78
Grid (C) 0.71 0.64 0.72 1.26 2.83 5.02 4.89 3.30 2.40 2.03 1.31 0.85
TABLE 2 Natural water power generation capacity with years of average cascade corresponding to reasonable range upper limit of cascade energy storage
Power station 1 month 2 month 3 month 4 month Month 5 6 month 7 month 8 month 9 month 10 month 11 month 12 month
Flood control system 0.42 0.37 0.37 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.66 1.24 0.73 0.49
East 0.84 0.71 0.71 0.95 1.39 3.37 3.85 2.66 3.73 2.91 1.63 1.03
Cable 0.57 0.50 0.50 0.73 1.30 2.97 3.12 2.11 2.54 1.96 1.10 0.70
Black-bone black tea 1.13 0.97 1.00 1.47 2.72 5.89 6.28 4.23 4.73 3.74 2.23 1.41
Structure of the organization 2.85 2.50 2.68 4.34 8.92 16.99 17.14 11.27 10.64 8.87 5.63 3.55
Thought of 1.24 1.10 1.22 2.07 4.13 7.36 7.16 4.69 4.27 3.67 2.41 1.53
Sand 1.46 1.30 1.45 2.47 4.89 8.50 8.19 5.41 4.78 4.18 2.80 1.78
Big (a) 0.24 0.21 0.23 0.42 0.98 1.53 1.44 0.91 0.62 0.55 0.42 0.29
Grid (C) 0.18 0.16 0.18 0.34 0.79 1.22 1.13 0.70 0.47 0.41 0.31 0.21
Step ladder 8.93 7.82 8.35 13.26 25.12 47.83 48.32 31.98 33.45 27.52 17.25 10.98
TABLE 3 Natural water power generation capacity with average mean gradient for many years corresponding to lower limit of reasonable range of gradient energy storage
Power station 1 month 2 month 3 month 4 month Month 5 6 month 7 month 8 month 9 month 10 month 11 month 12 month
Flood control system 0.37 0.34 0.35 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.52 1.11 0.64 0.43
East 0.82 0.70 0.70 0.93 1.36 3.30 3.78 2.61 3.66 2.86 1.59 1.01
Cable 0.57 0.50 0.50 0.73 1.30 2.97 3.12 2.11 2.54 1.96 1.10 0.70
Black-bone black tea 1.09 0.94 0.97 1.42 2.62 5.69 6.07 4.09 4.58 3.62 2.16 1.37
Structure of the organization 2.82 2.43 2.55 4.05 8.19 15.79 16.11 10.72 10.25 8.65 5.56 3.50
Thought of 1.21 1.08 1.20 2.04 4.09 7.26 7.05 4.61 4.18 3.58 2.35 1.49
Sand 1.43 1.26 1.40 2.37 4.68 8.17 7.90 5.24 4.65 4.07 2.74 1.75
Big (a) 0.24 0.21 0.23 0.41 0.94 1.48 1.40 0.89 0.61 0.54 0.42 0.29
Grid (C) 0.18 0.16 0.18 0.34 0.79 1.22 1.13 0.70 0.47 0.41 0.31 0.21
Step ladder 8.73 7.61 8.07 12.75 23.98 45.87 46.56 30.96 32.46 26.81 16.87 10.74
Drawing of energy storage-electric quantity scheduling graph in five steps
Connecting the long series or typical annual step energy storage calculation result values obtained in the steps to form an annual step energy storage process line, taking an upper envelope as an upper dispatching line of a step normal energy storage area, and taking a lower envelope as a lower dispatching line of the step normal energy storage area, wherein the flood season follows the principle of reducing the risk of water abandon on the premise of ensuring flood control safety, and the normal energy storage area needs special treatment in the period, namely the lower dispatching line values of the normal energy storage area are all taken as the lower limit value of the initial step energy storage reasonable range of flood. The upper and lower dispatching lines of the normal energy storage area of the wujiang step are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 Ujiang step Normal energy storage district up-down dispatching line
Month of the year 1 month 2 month 3 month 4 month Month 5 6 month 7 month 8 month 9 month 10 month 11 month 12 month
Dispatching graph upper line (hundred million kWh) 60 50 40 31 37 51 69 83 83 78 74 70
Dispatching graph lower line (hundred million kWh) 42 35 27 19 19 19 19 70 70 63 57 50
Dividing the step normal energy storage area into different areas according to time, wherein the period of balanced settlement from the annual step energy storage to the flood beginning target energy storage is a balanced settlement area, the period of passive rising of the step energy storage in the flood season is a passive rising area, and the period of adjustment from the end of the flood season to the end of the annual step power station to the target energy storage is an active adjustment area; the area above the normal energy storage area of the step is a reduced energy storage area, and the area below the normal energy storage area of the step is an increased energy storage area.
And marking the dispatching lines and the characteristic areas in a dispatching graph, and forming a Wujiang step energy storage-electric quantity optimization dispatching graph as shown in figure 2.
Six, step energy storage-electric quantity scheduling chart using rule (step reservoir scheduling method)
As can be seen from the energy storage-electric quantity optimization dispatching diagram, the dispatching diagram is divided into a reduced energy storage area, a normal energy storage area and an increased energy storage area from the longitudinal view; from the transverse perspective, the normal energy storage area is divided according to time: the balance settlement area is set from the beginning of the year to the beginning of the flood (from the beginning of 1 month to the end of 4 months), the passive rising area is set in the flood season (from the beginning of 5 months to the end of 8 months), and the active adjustment area is set from the end of the flood season to the end of the year (from the beginning of 9 months to the end of 12 months).
a. Early year to early flood 1 month to late month-4 month (equilibrium settlement area): the energy storage in the period should be dissipated towards the initial flood target energy storage value (19-31 hundred million kWh), and the step reservoir should generate electricity including the natural incoming water power generation capacity and the normal energy storage dissipation part.
b. Early flood season 5-8 months later (passive rising area): in the period, the flood ferry power station stops to store water, the downstream cascade power station generates power according to the natural incoming water of the cascade, and the cascade energy storage rises passively. The power generation capacity of the downstream cascade power station is the smaller value of the cascade natural incoming water power generation capacity and the maximum power generation capacity of the downstream cascade power station except for the flood ferry.
c. The flood season end to the end of 9 months to 12 months (active adjustment area): in the period, flood owners transit to the downstream for adjustment and compensation, the water level of each downstream warehouse is gradually increased, and each cascade power station adjusts the water level towards the target energy storage (50-70 hundred million kWh) in the end of the year according to the incoming water.
2) Lowering the energy storage area
If the energy storage is in the interval, the output force should be properly increased, and the generated energy is increased to return the energy storage to the normal energy storage area.
3) Increasing the energy storage area
If the energy storage is in the interval, the output force is properly reduced, and the generated energy is reduced to return the energy storage to the normal energy storage area.
In the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "plurality" means two or more unless expressly limited otherwise.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A cascade optimization scheduling graph drawing method based on energy storage control is characterized in that energy storage is used as a vertical coordinate in the cascade optimization scheduling graph, and a natural month is used as a horizontal coordinate to form a cascade energy storage-electric quantity scheduling graph, and the drawing method comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining a power generation operation rule of the cascade power station;
step 2: considering power station characteristics and power grid dispatching actual influence factors, analyzing from the angles of water abandoning risks, peak shaving risks and electric quantity risks, and determining a cascade energy storage reasonable range of key time nodes in the year and a corresponding cascade power station water level combination;
and step 3: according to the reasonable range of the cascade energy storage, based on the natural runoff data of the cascade of long series or typical years, calculating t to be 1 for the first time, and calculating the natural inflow power generation capacity of the cascade of the tth month;
and 4, step 4: calculating the cascade energy storage value at the end of the tth month of the long series or typical year according to the cascade power station power generation operation rule in the step 1, the cascade energy storage reasonable range of the key time node in the step 2 and the natural water coming power generation capacity of the gradient in the tth month in the step 3;
and 5: if t is equal to t +1, if t is less than or equal to 12, the step is shifted to a step 3, and if t is greater than 12, the step is shifted to a step 6;
step 6: connecting long series or typical annual step energy storage calculation result values to form an annual step energy storage process line, taking an upper envelope as an upper dispatching line of a step normal energy storage area, and taking a lower envelope as a lower dispatching line of the step normal energy storage area, wherein the flood season follows the principle of reducing water abandon risk under the premise of ensuring flood control safety, and the normal energy storage area needs special treatment in the period, namely the lower dispatching line values in the normal energy storage area are taken as the lower limit value of the initial step energy storage reasonable range of flood, the part between the upper dispatching line and the lower dispatching line is the normal energy storage area, the area above the normal energy storage area is a reduced energy storage area, and the area below the normal energy storage area is an increased energy storage area; according to the step power generation operation rule in the step 1, dividing the normal energy storage area into different areas according to time, wherein the period of the step energy storage in the early years to the early flood target energy storage balanced collapse is a balanced collapse area, the period of the step energy storage in the flood season is a passive rising area, and the period of the step energy storage in the end flood season to the target energy storage in the end year is an active adjustment area according to the period of the incoming water to adjust to the target energy storage in the end year; and marking a balanced falling area, a passive rising area, an active adjusting area, a normal energy storage area, a reduced energy storage area and an increased energy storage area in the step energy storage-electric quantity dispatching graph to finally form the step energy storage-electric quantity optimizing dispatching graph.
2. The energy storage control-based cascade optimization dispatch graph drawing method according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 specifically comprises: the watershed cascade power station considers a combined dispatching mode, the annual initial cascade energy storage is balanced and subsided to the initial flood target energy storage, and the faucet power station discharges water to the downstream for regulation and compensation; in the flood season, on the premise of ensuring flood control safety, the risk of cascade water abandonment is reduced, the faucet power station is shut down to store water, other power stations in the lower reaches are filled with more natural incoming water according to a cascade natural incoming water method, and cascade energy storage is passively raised; and (4) discharging water from the faucet power station to the downstream for adjustment and compensation from the end of the flood season to the end of the year, and adjusting the step energy storage to the target energy storage at the end of the year according to the incoming water.
3. The energy storage control-based cascade optimization dispatching graph drawing method according to claim 1, wherein the step of controlling the energy storage range of the cascade power station node based on the water abandoning risk in the step 2 comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of adopting power station long series or typical annual runoff data, comprehensively considering power station characteristics and power grid scheduling factors, determining water abandoning risks of the power station under different steps of energy storage at the beginning of a flood, and giving a reasonable range of the energy storage at the beginning of the flood by combining the principles of full generation and multiple generation under the condition of guaranteeing safety and reducing water abandoning.
4. The energy storage control-based cascade optimization dispatching graph drawing method according to claim 1, wherein the step of controlling the energy storage range of the cascade power station node based on the peak shaving risk in the step 2 comprises: the water level of the hydropower station in the early year to the initial flood gradually disappears along with the month, and at least disappears to the flood limit water level in the initial flood; in the early years, a plurality of factors of load demand, power supply composition and hydroelectric power generation capacity are comprehensively considered, the peak regulation risk of different energy storage steps in the early years to the early flood period is determined, and the reasonable energy storage range of the energy storage steps in the early years is given by combining the peak regulation control requirement of a power grid.
5. The energy storage control-based cascade optimization dispatching graph drawing method according to claim 1, wherein the step of controlling the energy storage range of the cascade power station node based on the electric quantity risk in the step 2 comprises: compiling a hydropower station annual power generation plan according to the predicted water coming condition, and determining an annual electric quantity target; in the beginning of the year, the natural water, the characteristics of the power station and other power supply matching factors are comprehensively considered, the electric quantity risk under different energy storage steps in the beginning of the year is determined, and the reasonable range of the energy storage steps in the beginning of the year is determined by combining the electric quantity evaluation target of the step power station.
6. The energy storage control-based cascade optimization dispatch graph drawing method according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 specifically comprises:
s61, calculating the average water consumption rate in the t th month from the cascade power station characteristics and the water level combination of the (t-1) th month end cascade power stations, and if t is 1, calculating the average water consumption rate in the t th month from the water level combination of the 1 st month early cascade power stations;
s62, calculating the natural runoff data of the Tth month step according to the natural runoff data of the long series or the typical year step, wherein the calculation formula is
Figure FDA0002334787170000021
In the formula, ENatural tThe natural incoming water power generation capacity of the Tth month step; eNatural i, tThe natural water power generation capacity of the power station i in the t month; n is the total number of the cascade power stations; qi,tThe natural incoming water flow of the dam site of the Tth power station i is shown; r isi,tThe average water consumption rate of the power station i in the t month; t is tsIs time, unit s.
7. The energy storage control-based cascade optimization dispatch graph drawing method according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 specifically comprises: according to the power generation operation rule of the cascade power station in the step 1, the cascade energy storage reasonable range of the key time node in the step 2 and the natural water supply power generation capacity of the long series or typical year cascade in the step 3, energy conservation is followed, the energy storage of the cascade at the end of the tth month and the power generation capacity of the cascade at the tth month are calculated, and simultaneously, the water level combination of the cascade power station at the end of the tth month and the maximum power generation capacity of the cascade at the tth month are calculated, wherein the maximum power generation capacity of the cascade at the tth month is used as the constraint upper limit of the power generation capacity of the cascade at the tt:
s71, if the t month is in the early season of the year: the step energy storage change in the period follows the principle of balanced falling, namely the daily generated energy is equal, and the step energy storage X is carried out according to the beginning of the year0Flood-harmonizing primary step energy storage XT1The generating capacity E of the t month of the step of the periodHair tTth month end step energy storage XtThe calculation formula is as follows,
Figure FDA0002334787170000031
Xt＝Xt-1+Enatural t-EHair t
In the formula, D1～T1The total days from the beginning of the year to the beginning of the flood; emax,tThe maximum power generation capacity of the tth-month cascade power station; {}minTaking the smaller of the two;
s72, if the t month is in flood season: the faucet power station is shut down to store water, the downstream cascade power station generates electricity according to full-cascade natural incoming water, and the cascade t-month generated energy EHair tThe energy storage X is the smaller of the full-step natural incoming water generating capacity of the month and the maximum generating capacity of a downstream step power stationtCan be calculated month by month through flood initial step energy storage, the calculation formula is as follows,
Ehair t＝{ENatural t,EDetain dragon max, t}min
Xt＝Xt-1+ENatural t-EHair t
In the formula, EDetain dragon max, tDeducting the maximum power generation capacity of the downstream cascade power station outside the leading power station for the t month;
s73, if the t month is from the end of the flood season to the end of the year: the energy storage of the last year step of the period is known as XTI.e. XT＝X0Step energy storage X at the end of flood seasonT2Has been calculated from S72; cross from late flood period to dry flood periodAt the end of the period, the cascade power station generates power according to natural incoming water; the step energy storage balance is adjusted to the target energy storage X at the end of the year from the end of the alternative period of the flood withering to the end of the yearTThe energy storage variation quantity of the steps month by month is consistent; the number of months from the end of the alternate season of flood withers to the end of the year is T3, if the end of the alternate season of flood withers is 9 months, T3 is 3, the calculation formula is as follows,
alternating from the end of the flood season to the end of the flood withering season: eHair t＝{ENatural t,Emax,t}min
Xt＝Xt-1+ENatural t-EHair t
Alternative flood withering from end of season to end of year:
Figure FDA0002334787170000032
Ehair t＝{Xt-1-Xt+ENatural t，Emax,t}min。
8. The energy storage control-based cascade optimization dispatch graph drawing method according to claim 1, wherein the step 6 specifically comprises: connecting the long series or typical annual step energy storage calculation result values obtained in the steps 1 to 5 to form an annual step energy storage process line, taking an upper envelope as an upper dispatching line of a step normal energy storage area, taking a lower envelope as a lower dispatching line of the step normal energy storage area, wherein the flood season follows the principle of reducing the risk of water abandonment on the premise of ensuring flood control safety, and the normal energy storage area needs special treatment in the period, namely the lower dispatching line values of the normal energy storage area are taken as the lower limit value of the initial flood stage reasonable range, the upper part of the normal energy storage area is marked as a reduced energy storage area, the lower part of the normal energy storage area is marked as an increased energy storage area, and the normal energy storage area is marked as a balanced settlement area, a passive rising area and an active adjustment area from the beginning of the year to the beginning of the flood season, the end of the flood season and the.
9. A cascade reservoir dispatching method using the cascade energy storage-electric quantity optimization dispatching graph of any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that in the cascade energy storage-electric quantity optimization dispatching graph, in the longitudinal direction, the dispatching graph is divided into a reduced energy storage area, a normal energy storage area and an increased energy storage area; in the transverse direction, the normal energy storage area is divided into a balanced falling area, a passive rising area and an active adjusting area according to time; the scheduling method comprises the following steps:
when the cascade energy storage is positioned in a normal energy storage area, setting cascade energy storage towards a flood initial target energy storage value for early years to flood initial, wherein the required generating capacity of the cascade reservoir comprises natural incoming water generating capacity and an energy storage normal settlement part; in the flood season, the faucet power station is set to be shut down for storing water, the downstream cascade power station generates power according to natural incoming water, and cascade energy storage is passively raised; setting step energy storage from the end of a flood season to the end of a year and adjusting the step energy storage to a target energy storage at the end of the year according to the incoming water;
when the cascade energy storage is positioned in the reduced energy storage area, the power station is set to increase the output power, and the generated energy is increased to return the energy storage to the normal energy storage area;
when the step energy storage is located in the increased energy storage area, the power station is set to reduce the output power, and the generated energy is reduced to enable the energy storage to return to the normal energy storage area.
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