CN107032526A - A kind of method of heavy metal cadmium in removal drinking original water - Google Patents
A kind of method of heavy metal cadmium in removal drinking original water Download PDFInfo
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- CN107032526A CN107032526A CN201710406148.9A CN201710406148A CN107032526A CN 107032526 A CN107032526 A CN 107032526A CN 201710406148 A CN201710406148 A CN 201710406148A CN 107032526 A CN107032526 A CN 107032526A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
- C02F1/5245—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to water-treatment technology field, the method for specially removing heavy metal cadmium in drinking original water.Its concrete operations flow is thoroughly mixed after appropriate attapulgite is added in raw water containing cadmium, then sequentially adds in raw water flocculant poly aluminium chloride（PAC）, Sodium Polyacrylate（Or the mixture of above-mentioned medicament）And flocculation aid silicate（Sodium）.Raw water after dosing is sequentially entered in the flocculation sedimentation tank of common process, and the supernatant after precipitation is the drinking water standard that can reach national regulation.The present invention only need to add adsorbent, flocculant and flocculation aid in the flocculation sediment technique of conventional water treatment, you can remove cadmium ion in raw water to the concentration range of national regulation, removal effect good the features such as simple, easy to use with technique.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to water-treatment technology field, and in particular to a kind of method of heavy metal purified treatment in raw water, especially
It is related to the method that reinforcing common process removes heavy metal cadmium in drinking original water.
Background technology
With industry and the progress of society, the sudden cadmium pollution event outburst in Drinking Water in China water source is also more and more frequent.
Cadmium is good battery material, and matallurgical products electroplate raw material etc., and China's chemical industry, chemistry, non-ferrous metal, machinery are goed deep into its application
The section industry such as altogether, it pollutes the erosion of burn into natural sediment for being also therefore mainly derived from galvanized iron conduit, metal refineries
Draining, the exploitation of the waste water and non-ferrous metal of battery industry discharge, refining and purification etc..These enter environment by " three wastes "
In cadmium, cause great threat safely for the Drinking Water of people.
Or so nineteen sixty, the outburst of Japanese " itai-itai " makes the public recognize the harm of cadmium first time.Cadmium is by international cancer
Research institution (IARC) is classified as a class carcinogen, and its toxicity is larger, can not be biodegradable in natural environment, can basis
The different of environmental condition produce metamorphosis, cause irreversible pollution.In the compound of various cadmiums, except selenium sulfonic acid cadmium and sulphur
Cadmium is that outside low toxicity, remaining includes cadmium oxide, caddy, cadmium sulfate etc. and belongs to medium poison class.Clinically, in cadmium
Poison is broadly divided into acute and chronic, and Acute cadmium toxication is mainly absorbed by respiratory tract and alimentary canal, disposable Excess free enthalpy
Liver, kidney for human body have considerable influence, can cause pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis or renal insufficiency, and severe patient can be lethal.It is long
Phase, excessively contact cadmium can cause chronic cadium poisoning, be mainly shown as that kidney damage, chronic progressive obstructive emphysema, bone are damaged
Evil etc., easy carcinogenic teratogenesis.Be grown up oral cadmium salt lethal dose in more than 300mg, half-life period of the cadmium in human body was more than 10 years.
The World Health Organization, Environmental Protection Agency and European Union provide that the cadmium concentration in Drinking Water is maximum no more than 0.005mg/
L.And promulgated according to China in 2006《Standards for drinking water quality》（GB5749-2006）Regulation, cadmium is also by original
It is further increased to no more than 0.01mg/L no more than 0.005mg/L.
The conventional treatment process that the current most of waterworks of China are used, typically with flocculation, precipitation, filtering and sterilization work
Based on skill, although can preferably remove turbidity, bacterium and partial organic substances, but for the processing energy of the heavy metal ion in water
Power is limited, thus how to tackle the burst Pollution of heavy metal in raw water is the problem that waterworks faces.Currently remove both at home and abroad
The research of cadmium is mainly for the higher industrial wastewater of cadmium concentration, and most common method such as chemical precipitation method mainly can using cadmium ion
With this characteristic of many anion formation insoluble compound, such as hydroxide precipitation, carbonate deposition, sulfide precipitation are removed
Heavy metal ion in water.At present, the method or price of most of effective processing high concentration cadmium industrial wastewaters are high, or with the addition of
A large amount of chemical agents, and it is larger thus limited for the reference of drinking water treatment for raw water pH influence.In addition,
The processing environment easy damaged filtrate of alkali is crossed, causes filtrate hardened, the normal operation of water preparation process is also brought along and had a strong impact on.Mesh
Before, the research for the removal of micro heavy cadmium in drinking water source is less.
Zhang Xiao, which is built etc., uses flocculant process cadmium concentration for 0.042 mg/L raw water, is adding 20 mg/L FeCl3Bar
Under part, except cadmium rate is only 59.8%；Add 20 mg/L Al2(SO4)3When, except cadmium rate falls below 37.6%；Add the mg/ of poly-aluminium 40
During L, except cadmium rate is 67.6%.The raw water to simulate Song Hua River water quality such as Xu Jun is object, and having investigated initial cadmium concentration is
Four kinds of conventional flocculants remove cadmium ability in the case of 0.1 mg/L, as the Al for adding 5 mg/L2(SO4)3、FeCl3、FeSO4When,
At most only 20% cadmium ion is removed, aluminium polychloride（PAC）Except cadmium rate also only has when dosage increases to 10 mg/L
26%, can not it make Cadmium treated up to standard.Zhang Yuzheng etc. is when adding 20 mg/L of the mg/L of PAFC 30 and sodium metasilicate, most
It is how only that the original sub-block of the southern Xi'an City water factory containing cadmium containing 0.02 mg/L is up to standard.As can be seen here, conventional handling technology of water supply
Containing cadmium exceeded drinking, outlet capacity is extremely limited for processing, and the adaptibility to response for the trace cadmium pollution of drinking water source is not good.
Therefore, searching is simple and convenient, influence side that is smaller, cheap, can effectively removing Trace Cadmium in raw water to pH
Method, to tackle the sudden heavy metal pollution event of similar 2005 northern river cadmium pollutions and 2012 Longjiang cadmium pollutions, to ensureing the people
Drinking water safety, reduction water producing cost and equipment maintenance cost all have great importance.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of simple efficient method for removing heavy metal cadmium in raw water.
The method of heavy metal cadmium in the removal raw water that the present invention is provided, its flow is at conventional water as shown in Fig. 1
In science and engineering skill, addition adsorbent, flocculant and flocculation aid are comprised the following steps that：
（1）Attapulgite is added in raw water containing cadmium as adsorbent, is thoroughly mixed subsequently into mixing pit；
（2）In the mixed raw water of attapulgite is added, flocculant and flocculation aid are sequentially added；
（3）Subsequently into the follow-up conventional water treatment technology program for including flocculation, precipitating.
Step（1）In, the attapulgite added in raw water containing cadmium, relative to raw water containing cadmium, attapulgite concentration 50 ~
300mg/L；Attapulgite average grain diameter is less than 0.1mm, and the time mixed after addition with raw water is more than 5min, may generally be 5-
80min；It is preferred that 20-60min.
Step（2）In, the flocculant added in raw water is preferably aluminium polychloride（PAC）And Sodium Polyacrylate, Liang Zheke
Be independent component add respectively either mixture add together；Flocculation aid is silicate, it is preferred to use sodium metasilicate；Relative to
Raw water containing cadmium, silicate concentration is 10 ~ 60 mg/L, and PAC concentration is 10 ~ 50 mg/L, and polyacrylic acid na concn is 2 ~ 10mg/
L。
The raw water of addition attapulgite and appropriate flocculant and flocculation aid is after common process is handled, you can obtain
Remove the purified water for meeting national drinking water standard of heavy metal cadmium.According to experiment, this formula is for other heavy metals in raw water
Also there is good removal efficiency.
Investigated in research process of the present invention in pH=7.45, Cd2+Initial concentration be 0.3mg/L（Super 60 times of national standard）, inhale
The attached time is attapulgite addition under the conditions of 180min to Cd2+The influence of removal efficiency, various concentrations attapulgite is for Cd2 +The efficiency curve that changes over time of clearance as shown in Figure 2.
As shown in Figure 2, attapulgite is to Cd2+Absorption present start preceding 5 minutes quick adsorptions, 5 ~ 60 minutes absorption put
It is slow, and the feature of balance is reached after 60min, thus the incorporation time of attapulgite and raw water should be advisable more than 5min, typically
5 ~ 60min can be used.Initial cadmium concentration and it is temperature-resistant in the case of, with the increase of attapulgite dosage, balance is inhaled
Downward trend is presented in attached amount, and ascendant trend is presented in clearance, as shown in Figure 3.
When attapulgite dosage is less than 75mg/L, except cadmium rate is in slow ascendant trend；Attapulgite dosage from
When 75mg/L increases to 300mg/L, except cadmium rate significantly rises with the increase of attapulgite, when add 100mg/L it is recessed native when,
Cadmium rate of removing during 180min is 25%, when attapulgite dosage, which is doubled, is changed into 200mg/L, except cadmium rate also approximately becomes
Twice during dosage 100mg/L, be 49%.When attapulgite dosage is more than 300mg/L, except the raising speed of cadmium rate
Ease up.
Although attapulgite has removal effect to heavy metal ion such as the cadmiums in water, because the reason for adsorption equilibrium,
0.3mg/L concentration of cadmium ions can not be reduced under conditions of the addition of low concentration (such as 300mg/L) attapulgite
Within 0.005mg/L, meanwhile, the addition of attapulgite causes the rising of raw water turbidity, and Standard drink water turbidity should be low
In 1.0NTU, although therefore be used alone attapulgite can effectively reduce cadmium concentration, must combine other medicaments with further
Cadmium content in raw water is reduced, and combines turbidity in flocculant reduction raw water.
By experimental study have selected flocculant poly aluminium chloride be used as with Sodium Polyacrylate and flocculation aid sodium metasilicate it is rear
The medicament of continuous compound use, its principle be sodium metasilicate can with aluminium salt, molysite etc. are compound that coagulant polysilicate, application is made
In drinking water treatment.The SiO of sodium metasilicate generation soluble in water3 2-With Cd2+Water insoluble cadmium silicate can be formed, with concave convex rod
Cadmium ion content in raw water can be effectively reduced during native compounding use.Fig. 4 shows that fixed attapulgite addition is 200mg/L
Under conditions of, the influence of the addition of sodium metasilicate to the removal efficiency of cadmium ion in raw water.
As shown in figure 4, after attapulgite is added, except cadmium rate increases with the increase of sodium metasilicate dosage, working as silicic acid
Sodium dosage from 22.3mg/L increase to 89.2mg/L when, except cadmium rate from 61.33% increases to 100%, and when sodium metasilicate is added
When amount is more than 89.2mg/L, except cadmium rate is stablized 100% always, it is believed that now cadmium is substantially removed completely in water.Add recessed
When not adding attapulgite except cadmium rate ratio when convex rod is native, hence it is evident that rise.But the addition of sodium metasilicate can cause raw water to be rendered as alkalescence,
So as to which the pH for causing raw water exceedes 8.5 standard of drinking water directive.
Sodium Polyacrylate is a kind of organic polymer coargulator, and early start is applied to the sedimentation separation of red mud, also there is text
Offer the removal for being applied to heavy metal in waste water.Sodium Polyacrylate has different use according to the difference of its relative molecular weight
On the way, it is widely used in the fields such as daily chemical industry, food, water process, preventing and treating, petroleum industry, according in this research process
It was found that, Sodium Polyacrylate can effectively control the concentration of cadmium ion in raw water with aluminium polychloride combination, as shown in Figure 5.
As seen from Figure 5, except cadmium rate increases with the increase of Sodium Polyacrylate dosage, Sodium Polyacrylate dosage from
When 2mg/L brings up to 8mg/L, except cadmium rate from 66.50% brings up to 89.93%.It is more recessed than not adding that cadmium rate is removed when adding attapulgite
Convex rod will height when native.The addition of Sodium Polyacrylate is smaller for the pH value influence of raw water, adds raw water pH after attapulgite basic
In 7 or so fluctuations, the remaining turbid respectively less than 1NTU of water outlet in experiment.
Consider the pH value of additive amount of medicament and raw water, by lot of experiments obtain that cadmium ion in raw water removes it is compound
Reagent combination is：The mg/L of attapulgite 50 ~ 300mg/L of concentration, sodium silicate silicate 10 ~ 60 mg/L, PAC concentration 10 ~ 50, gathers
PAA concentration is 2 ~ 10mg/L.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows only need to add flocculant in the flocculation sediment technique of conventional water treatment and help solidifying
Agent, you can remove cadmium ion in raw water to the concentration range of national regulation, the medicament of addition reaches food-grade, makes for a long time
With nontoxic thus simple, easy to use with technique, the features such as removal effect is good.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 technological processes are illustrated.Fig. 2 is attapulgite dosage to Cd2+Adsorption rate with the reaction time change curve.
Fig. 3 is the influence that attapulgite dosage removes cadmium rate for raw water.
Fig. 4 is sodium metasilicate dosage for the influence except cadmium effect.
Fig. 5 is Sodium Polyacrylate sodium dosage for the influence except cadmium effect.
Label in figure：A is mixing pit, and B is flocculation basin, and C is sedimentation basin, and D is filtering ponds, and E is clear water reserviors, and F is two stage pump
Room, G is pipe network, and h is attapulgite, and k is flocculant and flocculation aid.BCDEFG is water process common process in square frame M.
Embodiment
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Embodiment 1
Certain surface water raw water, pH is 7.35, and turbidity is 26.5NTU, Cd2+Initial concentration be 0.3mg/L.Added in raw water
200 mesh attapulgite 180mg/L, are sufficiently mixed after stirring 60min, sequentially add 40mg/LPAC, 42.6mg/L sodium metasilicate,
7.5mg/L Sodium Polyacrylates are used as composite flocculation agent, first quick stirring（Stirring intensity based on velocity gradient, general G 700 ~
1000s-1In the range of）5min, then mix slowly（Stirring intensity is based on velocity gradient, and general G is in the range of 20 ~ 70 s-1）
Supernatant is taken to determine after 20min, mixing liquid precipitate, it is 0.002mg/L to obtain residual cadmium concentration, and pH is 8.25, and turbidity is less than
1.0NTU, water outlet reaches《Standards for drinking water quality》（GB5749-2006）Standard.
Embodiment 2
Certain river, pH is 7.45, and turbidity is 18.5NTU, Cd2+Initial concentration be 0.4mg/L.200 mesh are added in raw water recessed
Convex rod soil 100mg/L, is sufficiently mixed after stirring 60min, sequentially adds 40mg/LPAC, 35mg/L sodium metasilicate, 8mg/L polypropylene
Sour sodium is used as composite flocculation agent, first quick stirring（Stirring intensity is based on velocity gradient, and general G is in the range of 700 ~ 1000s-1）
5min, then mix slowly（Stirring intensity is based on velocity gradient, and general G is in the range of 20 ~ 70 s-1）20min, mixes liquid precipitate
After take supernatant to determine, obtain residual cadmium concentration not detected less than 0.001mg/L, pH is 8.44, and turbidity is less than 1.0NTU, goes out
Water reaches《Standards for drinking water quality》（GB5749-2006）Standard.
Note：Attapulgite, also known as palygorskite（Palygorskite）Or Palygorskite, it is a kind of tool chain layer structure
The clay mineral of zeopan containing Shuifu County.Chinese scientific name is just attapulgite.See link：
http://baike.***.com/link url=zHkypiSaQnRR_
jEFugrMSwEvXk4DklSMfeFyJRYV0Y7UfCeSQ3mQtulYmz-
LW11BJBtfCr5ot8ygezF3zcGoFkSbncFUwjATJNMB0F58e0x0GjXI70LfqcLg4AzJerPu 。
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for removing heavy metal cadmium in drinking original water, is addition adsorbent, flocculation in conventional water treatment technology
Agent and flocculation aid, are comprised the following steps that：
（1）Attapulgite is added in raw water containing cadmium as adsorbent, is thoroughly mixed subsequently into mixing pit；
（2）In the mixed raw water of attapulgite is added, flocculant and flocculation aid are sequentially added；
（3）Subsequently into the follow-up conventional water treatment technology program for including flocculation, precipitating.
2. the method according to claim 1 for removing heavy metal cadmium in drinking original water, it is characterised in that step（1）In, contain
The attapulgite added in cadmium raw water, relative to raw water containing cadmium, 50 ~ 300mg/L of attapulgite concentration.
3. the method according to claim 1 or 2 for removing heavy metal cadmium in drinking original water, it is characterised in that step（1）
In, attapulgite average grain diameter is less than 0.1mm, and the time mixed after addition with raw water is more than 5min.
4. the method according to claim 3 for removing heavy metal cadmium in drinking original water, it is characterised in that step（2）In, plus
It is aluminium polychloride and Sodium Polyacrylate to enter the flocculant in raw water；Flocculation aid is silicate.
5. the method according to claim 4 for removing heavy metal cadmium in drinking original water, it is characterised in that step（2）In,
Relative to raw water containing cadmium, silicate concentration is 10 ~ 60 mg/L, and PAC concentration is 10 ~ 50 mg/L, polyacrylic acid na concn is 2 ~
10mg/L。
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| CN201710406148.9A CN107032526A (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2017-06-02 | A kind of method of heavy metal cadmium in removal drinking original water |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108408981A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-08-17 | 嘉兴通惠环保科技有限公司 | The method for efficiently removing cadmium in non-cyanide plating cadmium waste water |
| CN108640239A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-10-12 | 嘉兴通惠环保科技有限公司 | Efficiently removal has the complexing agent and preparation method thereof that cyanogen plates cadmium in cadmium waste water |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108408981A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-08-17 | 嘉兴通惠环保科技有限公司 | The method for efficiently removing cadmium in non-cyanide plating cadmium waste water |
| CN108640239A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-10-12 | 嘉兴通惠环保科技有限公司 | Efficiently removal has the complexing agent and preparation method thereof that cyanogen plates cadmium in cadmium waste water |
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Application publication date: 20170811 |