CN107027478A - A kind of utilization illite improved soil and the method for planting ginseng - Google Patents
A kind of utilization illite improved soil and the method for planting ginseng Download PDFInfo
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- CN107027478A CN107027478A CN201710260879.7A CN201710260879A CN107027478A CN 107027478 A CN107027478 A CN 107027478A CN 201710260879 A CN201710260879 A CN 201710260879A CN 107027478 A CN107027478 A CN 107027478A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/08—Aluminium compounds, e.g. aluminium hydroxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of utilization illite improved soil and the method for planting ginseng, comprise the following steps：First, addressing, selection of land；2nd, Soil K+adsorption；3rd, illite soil improvement；4th, furrow are done, five, sowing；6th, cool canopy is set up；7th, transplant；8th, field management；9th, harvest.Through being newly formulated application in the illite new cultivation technology of ginseng base research, sowing and transplanting have all witnessed superior efficient achievement, and soil improvement cycle time, ginseng growing way is preferable, and yield also increases.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ginseng planting's technical field, and in particular to a kind of utilization illite improved soil simultaneously plants ginseng
Method.
Background technology
Ginseng is herbaceos perennial, and happiness is shady and cool, blade pore-free and palisade tissue, it is impossible to retain moisture, and temperature is high
It can be burnt in 32 degree of blades, canopy density 0.7-0.8 is bloomed for usual 3 years, 5-6 annual bearings, the month at florescence 5-6, the fruiting period 6-9 months, growth
The theropencedrymion based on Korean pine of hundreds of meters of height above sea level between 33 degree -48 of north latitude degree or broad leaved and deciduous broad leaved sylvan life, in originating in
State northeast, Korea, South Korea, Japan, Russian east.Ginseng likes the moist climate that cools.Happiness oblique fire and diffused light, avoid strong light and height
Temperature.Soil requirement is the brown forest soil or mountain podzolic brown forest soil that draining is good, loose, fertile, humus layer is deep,
The pH value 5.5-6.2 of soil is advisable.
Prior art has two kinds of traditional forest land culture of ginseng and non-forest land ginseng cultivation technique.Wildwood is China forest
The elite of resource, forest land plantation ginseng has not met the demand for development in epoch, and non-forest land culture of ginseng obtains more and more extensive
Application.Traditional nonforest soil improvement generally requires three big steps：
1st, organic matter is increased, (30-40 centimeters) rotary tillage (leisure of First Year green) is repeatedly ploughed deeply：(1) rotation organic fertilizer or straw
Stalk returning to the field；(2) green manuring；(3) rotary tillage is repeatedly ploughed deeply：Number of times, depth, direction, replace anyhow, note damage caused by a drought, rainy season.
2nd, sterilization and disinfestation, (1) repeatedly ploughs deeply rotary tillage (pressure green manure), (2) rotary tillage quick lime, preferably soil acid adjustment, morning；(3) medicine
Agent is handled, conventional：Apply carbendazim, hymexazol and phoxim：The 8-9 months are complete with biological bacteria.Special plot：Dazomet, metham-sodium.
3rd, concentrate apply fertilizer to the subsoil, introduce beneficial organism bacterium, soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, before bedding with two ammoniums, potassium sulfate, calcium and magnesium phosphorus and fertilizer,
Biological bacteria, fermentation organic fertilizer.Non-forest land Special fertilizer for ginseng, ferment bacterium, bacillus etc..Current non-forest land culture of ginseng soil changes
The good technological direction stage of ripeness, but raising, selection of land range shorter, the base on routine techniques are required to soil property in the addressing of ginseng base
Ground improvement needs 2-3 to can reach cultivation standard, and improvement time is long, and material, tedious process cost are relatively too high, substantial amounts of to use
Although medicament, the mode of fertilizer ensure that the yield of ginseng, reduce Ginseng Quality, medicament residual and heavy metal harmful substance drop
The low quality of ginseng.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to design a kind of new method to improve nonforest soil, and realize thereon the growing and cultivation of ginseng.
The content of the invention
For defect of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of utilization illite improved soil and plants the side of ginseng
Method.
A kind of utilization illite improved soil and the method for planting ginseng, comprise the following steps：First, addressing, selection of land；2nd,
Soil K+adsorption；3rd, illite soil improvement；4th, furrow are done, five, sowing；6th, cool canopy is set up；7th, transplant；8th, field management；
9th, harvest.
In the present invention, as a kind of perferred technical scheme, selection north latitude 40-44 degree, east longitude 125-131 degree, height above sea level
100-1000 meters, the nonforest soil of 15 degree of the gradient.
In the present invention, as a kind of perferred technical scheme, nonforest soil includes wasteland or farmland.
In the present invention, as a kind of perferred technical scheme, during Soil K+adsorption, the field cloth point sampling of selection is gone forward side by side
Row sample collection, is kept in dark place after collection with sealable polyethylene or glass container below 4 DEG C, and sample will be full of container,
Sample is tested and analyzed, ability when testing result is volume weight of soils 0.9-1.0, PH5.5-6.5, index organic matter are more than 3wt
Illite soil improvement step can be carried out.
Because what the selection of conditioned soil was looked first at is soil property and the gradient, fertile soil is optimal, and water retention property is good, the gradient 15
Degree, beneficial to draining, such soil is just adapted to be improved with illite clay and its modifying agent, illite passivator.Soil
Earth detects that volume weight of soils 0.9-1.0, N P and K, PH5.5-6.5, index organic matter are more than 3%.Soil ability after after testing
It is better understood by joining the environment in base, optimum selecting can shorten the soil improvement cycle, reduction production risk and cost.
In the present invention, as a kind of perferred technical scheme, illite soil improvement comprises the following steps：Rotary tillage, applies
Illite clay (raw ore), organic fertilizer, turn over green manuring crop, press green manure, apply quick lime, repeatedly replace rotary tillage, Shi Yi
Sharp stone soil conditioner, is turned over, soil sterilization, and concentration applies fertilizer to the subsoil (biological bacteria), addition illite heavy metal deactivator, rotary tillage,
Make bed, cultivate.
In the present invention, as a kind of perferred technical scheme, the detailed step of illite soil improvement is：
(10) by 30~40cm of soil rotary tillage, then dry 3-5 days；
(11) add sandy soil and illite clay into the soil after rotary tillage, soil (by the soil of rotary tillage), sandy soil and she
The weight ratio of sharp stone clay is 4：1：1, then rotary tillage is carried out, rotary tillage depth is 30~40cm, in order to provide ginseng in life
It is ground temperature, water conservation needed for growth process, antibacterial, while improving the acid-base value in soil, reach the soil of most suitable Ginseng Growth
Earth environment；
(12) apply organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer will be applied in the soil of step (2), organic fertilizer is collected into broad-leaf forest using spring
The leaf on ground, the thickness that leaf is layered on soil surface is 10-12cm, and is turned over, and ploughed depth is that 20~30cm causes have
Machine nutriment in a fertilizer is dispersed in soil；
(13) plantation purple perilla, common perilla carry out soil as pressure green manure and fattened in the soil after applying organic fertilizer, purple perilla, white
Direct rotary tillage is in soil when blooming for Soviet Union's selection, or spring plants corn in the ground of rotary tillage, and one meter of left side is grown in corn
The right side, is again sufficiently stirred for corn balloonflower root and soil with rotary cultivator, and the purpose fattened is to provide for Ginseng Growth institute in soil
The fertility needed；
(14) apply 10-15 kgs/acre of quick lime, longitudinally, laterally replace rotary tillage 3 times then along field, depth is
30-40cm；
(15) illite soil conditioner is applied into soil, every mu takes 100-150 jin to be sprinkled upon in soil, the Erie
Include the component of following parts by weight in stone soil conditioner：10-25 parts of illite powder, 2-5 parts of gypsum, local method sulphur 1-3
Part, then by Soil tillage；
(16) by the soil after turning in the case of sunlight is preferable, at least irradiate 3-5 days, utilize the ultraviolet pair of sunlight
Soil carries out sterilizing；
(17) concentrate and apply bio-bacterial manure, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, gel-shaped gemma bar are contained in bio-bacterial manure
Bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus laterosporus, Streptomyces jingyangensis, aspergillus oryzae；Her is added into soil
Sharp stone heavy metal deactivator, addition is every mu 2-3 kilograms, and the illite heavy metal deactivator contains illite powder and shaddock
Sub- skin powder, weight ratio is 3-5：1；
(18) soil is subjected to rotary tillage again.
In the present invention, as a kind of perferred technical scheme, the standard for doing furrow is：The width selection 1.75m of furrow~
1.80m, spread out into needs 2.5 arch bars on 35-40cm thickness, the wide 60~80cm of work road, every zhang of needs 5 piles, stake.
In the present invention, as a kind of perferred technical scheme, it is most in -20 days on the 15th April of spring that the time first choice of sowing, which is,
The good sowing time, every mu takes 100-150 jin of illite powder to be sprinkled upon in furrow face prior to seeding, rotary tillage, and often row chooses 30 to live ginseng
~42 plants, 16~18cm of line-spacing chooses the ginseng seed sent out out and sowed to shakeout on native Gansu Province, after planting levelling furrow
Face.
In the present invention, it as a kind of perferred technical scheme, can be put up a shed after planting, set up shed, first hang shade net,
After the fixation of people's moduli is enclosed before ginseng is emerged, the beginning of September, which removes shade net, can meet the illumination needed for Ginseng Growth.
In the present invention, as a kind of perferred technical scheme, furrow face progress is uniformly sprinkling upon with illite powder before transplanting
Disinfection, can be transplanted furrow face is levelling, and it is April 15~23 spring to transplant Best Times, 25~30 plants of often row selection, OK
It is again that furrow face is levelling away from being 18~20cm.
In the present invention, as a kind of perferred technical scheme, the specific method of field management is as follows：
1st, sending the ℅ of 60 ℅~80 in ginseng-leaf can carry out spraying bactericide, conventional to need general to spray in repetition in 7~8 days
Apply bactericide；
2nd, while uprooting weed in time, at least needs 3~4 times every year；
3rd, preventing disease and pest；
4th, it is sun-proof：Eaves length is suitable before and after adjusting the illumination in ginseng canopy, ginseng canopy, and ceiling shade will appropriateness；Summer temperature
Degree is high, and illumination is strong, can before and after ginseng canopy curtain；
5th, humid control：Can be 7 in the case of the moisture according to needed for the humidity of soil adjusts Ginseng Growth in time, such as water shortage
Rain is put in month last selection in good time, and moderate rain is optimal, and rain must be put, and timely lid canopy and is sprayed after rain；
6th, draining：Note cleaning out a drain in the even rainy day, in case ginseng is by damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging；
7th, the management of ginseng seed is stayed：Work of sheltering from heat or light is carried out before ginseng is bloomed, in case sunlight can influence very much to join the growth of seed enough
And development.
In the present invention, as a kind of perferred technical scheme, collecting time is generally the ginseng of 10~No. 15 harvesting ripes of August
Seed, can be cleaned 3~5 times using machine washing ginseng seed de- pericarp, is carrying out drying of drying in the shade, drying 3~5 after decortication with clear water
Its ginseng seed that can ferment.
The present invention is improved using illite to nonforest soil, and there is provided corresponding culture of ginseng method.Utilize Erie
Illite soil conditioner that stone ore powder, gypsum and local method sulphur are mixed (main component silicate, alumina, iron powder,
Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, titanium, barium peroxide etc.), the pollutant in soil can not only be also adsorbed in acid, basic soil neutralisation,
The ecosystem of soil is takeed good care of, in addition, also containing compositions such as Mg, Ca, S. in legal system sulphur containing N (nitrogen) P (phosphorus) K (potassium) outside
Effectively facilitate absorption, it is ensured that the high-yield high-quality of ginseng, realize purification soil, enhancement of environment, pre- insect-pest, ginseng is reached increasing
Produce the effect such as synergy.
Following effect, to soil improvement, can played using illite soil conditioner, illite heavy metal deactivator
Really：The heavy metals such as copper, lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, mercury in absorption soil, administer land pollution.Absorption remove ammonia, nitric oxide,
The pernicious gases such as chlorine, sulfurous acid, hydrogen sulfide, suppress and prevent the generation of various diseases and pest and disease damage in Ginseng Growth,
Adsorption-decomposition function is deposited on salt and toxic gas in soil, improves soil physical factors, is prevented effectively from continuous cropping loss, far infrared
The radiation function of radiation and anion assigns soil life, improves crop quality there is provided base ginseng yield, is sufficiently fed ginseng
Sulfur component needed for growth, accelerates crop and absorbs, and promotes crop root development, it is ensured that Ginseng Growth is vigorous, illite heavy metal
Passivator is occurred using characteristics such as illite adsorptivity, antibacterial bacteriostatic, activating soils based on passivator active principle heavy metal
Effect, forms metal salt or is covered in huge sum of money metal surface in membrane form, so as to change the dispersity of heavy metal and there is shape
Formula, makes it be changed into stable, pollution-free active component.Amount of application is few, and cost is low, good passivation effect.
In summary, the present invention has the advantages that：
Invention applies culture of ginseng non-forest land new method, new technology, improved through testing same base in illite
Only need organic farming standard can be fully achieved in 1 year, shorten Cultivation time after conventional improvement, increase the abundant mineral of illite
Element, is significantly reduced or instead of with medicament, the consumption mode of fertilizer.The yield of ginseng is more ensure that, ginseng is optimized
Quality, cultivates the ginseng of more high-quality high-quality.
The present invention can possess following advantage after use：1st, the leaf and stem of ginseng can be made more strong；2nd, divulge information；3、
Agricultural chemicals can be reduced low residual, it is suppressed that harmful heavy metal adheres to, and makes ginseng more green safety；4th, pest and disease damage can be reduced
56.3%；5th, the various beneficial mineral element of increase ginseng, quality are higher；6th, high yield 21%-52%；Conventional work is also omitted simultaneously
Sequence reduces production cost.
Through being newly formulated application in the illite new cultivation technology of ginseng base research, sowing and transplanting have all witnessed superior efficient
Achievement.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is engineering test base image of the invention；
Fig. 2 is conventional ginseng non-forest land cultivation base pilot achievement image；
Fig. 3 is using ginseng non-forest land cultivation base pilot achievement image after the inventive method improved soil.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Following examples are only used for more
Plus technical scheme is clearly demonstrated, therefore example is only used as, and can not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
A kind of utilization illite improved soil and the method for planting ginseng, comprise the following steps：First, addressing, selection of land；2nd,
Soil K+adsorption；3rd, illite soil improvement；4th, furrow are done, five, sowing；6th, cool canopy is set up；7th, transplant；8th, field management；
9th, harvest.
It is specific embodiment below.
Embodiment 1
A kind of utilization illite improved soil and the method for planting ginseng, comprise the following steps：
S1, selection north latitude 40-44 degree, east longitude 125-131 degree, 100 meters of height above sea level, the nonforest soil of 15 degree of the gradient；This reality
It is wasteland to apply a nonforest soil selection.
S2, Soil K+adsorption, by the field cloth point sampling of selection, and carry out sample collection, with sealable poly- second after collection
Alkene or glass container are kept in dark place below 4 DEG C, and sample will be full of container, and sample is tested and analyzed, and testing result is soil
Earth capacity 0.9, PH 5.5, index organic matter are 3.7wt%, meet the condition for carrying out illite soil improvement.Because conditioned soil
Selection looks first at is soil property and the gradient, fertile soil is optimal, and water retention property is good, 15 degree of the gradient, beneficial to draining, such soil
Earth is just adapted to be improved with illite clay and its modifying agent, illite passivator；
S3, illite soil improvement comprise the following steps：Rotary tillage, applies illite clay (raw ore), organic fertilizer, turns over
Green manuring crop, presses green manure, applies quick lime, repeatedly replaces rotary tillage, applies illite soil conditioner, turn over, soil sterilization, collection
In apply fertilizer to the subsoil (biological bacteria), add illite heavy metal deactivator, rotary tillage makees bed, cultivate, in more detail, illite soil
The detailed step of improvement is：
(1) by soil rotary tillage 30cm, then dry 3 days；
(2) sandy soil and illite clay, soil (by the soil of rotary tillage), sandy soil and Erie are added into the soil after rotary tillage
The weight ratio of stone clay is 4：1：1, then rotary tillage is carried out, rotary tillage depth is 30cm, in order to provide ginseng in growth course
Needed for ground temperature, while improve soil in acid-base value, reached the soil environment of most suitable Ginseng Growth；
(3) apply organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer will be applied in the soil of step (2), organic fertilizer is collected into broad-leaf forest using spring
The leaf on ground, the thickness that leaf is layered on soil surface is 10cm, and is turned over, and ploughed depth is that 20cm causes organic fertilizer to disperse
In soil；
(4) plantation purple perilla, common perilla carry out soil as pressure green manure and fattened in the soil after applying organic fertilizer, purple perilla, white
Soviet Union's selection direct rotary tillage when blooming in soil, is planted corn in Second Year spring in the ground of rotary tillage, grown in corn
One meter or so, corn balloonflower root and soil are sufficiently stirred for rotary cultivator again, the purpose fattened is to provide for ginseng in soil
Fertility needed for growth；
(5) apply 10 kgs/acre of quick lime, longitudinally, laterally replace rotary tillage 3 times then along field, depth is 30cm；
(6) illite soil conditioner is applied into soil, every mu takes 100 jin to be sprinkled upon in soil, the illite soil
Include the component of following parts by weight in modifying agent：10 parts of illite powder, 2 parts of gypsum, 1 part of local method sulphur, then by soil
Turn over；
(7) by the soil after turning in the case of sunlight is preferable, irradiate 3 days, soil is entered using the ultraviolet of sunlight
Row sterilizing；
(8) concentrate and apply bio-bacterial manure, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, gel-shaped gemma bar are contained in bio-bacterial manure
Bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus laterosporus, Streptomyces jingyangensis, aspergillus oryzae；Her is added into soil
Sharp stone heavy metal deactivator, addition is 2 kilograms every mu, and the illite heavy metal deactivator contains illite powder and shaddock
Skin powder, weight ratio is 3：1；
(9) soil is subjected to rotary tillage again.
S4, furrow are done, the standard for doing furrow is：The width selection 1.75mm of furrow, spreads out into 35cm thickness, the wide 90cm of work road, often
Zhang 5 piles is needed, 2.5 arch bars are needed on stake.
S5, sowing, the present embodiment selection sowing on April 15 spring, every mu takes 100 jin of illite powder to be sprinkled upon prior to seeding
In furrow face, rotary tillage, often row chooses 30 plants to live ginseng, and line-spacing 16cm chooses the ginseng seed sent out out enterprising to shakeout native Gansu Province
Row is sowed, after planting levelling furrow face.
It S6, can put up a shed after planting, set up shed, first hang shade net, enclosed before ginseng is emerged after people's moduli fixes
, the beginning of September, which removes shade net, can meet the illumination needed for Ginseng Growth.
The sterilization that carries out disinfection can be sufficiently stirred in furrow face with illite soil conditioner before S7, transplanting, furrow face is looked for
It is flat to transplant, transplant selection and carry out April 15 spring, 25 plants of often row selection, line-spacing is 18cm, again that furrow face is levelling i.e.
Can.
S8, field management specific method it is as follows：
1st, sending 60 ℅ in ginseng-leaf can carry out spraying bactericide, in 7 days repeat spraying bactericide；
2nd, while uprooting weed in time, at least needs 3 times every year；
3rd, preventing disease and pest；
4th, it is sun-proof：Eaves length is suitable before and after adjusting the illumination in ginseng canopy, ginseng canopy, and ceiling shade will appropriateness；Summer temperature
Degree is high, and illumination is strong, can before and after ginseng canopy curtain；
5th, humid control：Can be 7 in the case of the moisture according to needed for the humidity of soil adjusts Ginseng Growth in time, such as water shortage
Rain is put in month last selection in good time, and moderate rain is optimal, and rain must be put, and timely lid canopy and is sprayed after rain；
6th, draining：Note cleaning out a drain in the even rainy day, in case ginseng is by damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.
7th, the management of ginseng seed is stayed：Work of sheltering from heat or light is carried out before ginseng is bloomed, in case sunlight can influence very much to join the growth of seed enough
And development.
S9, harvesting.Collecting time is the ginseng seed of No. 10 harvesting ripes of August in the present embodiment, ginseng seed can be taken off using machine washing
Pericarp, is cleaned 3 times after decortication with clear water, is being carried out drying of drying in the shade, is being dried the ginseng seed that can ferment for 3 days.
Embodiment 2
A kind of utilization illite improved soil and the method for planting ginseng, comprise the following steps：
S1, selection north latitude 40-44 degree, east longitude 125-131 degree, 600 meters of height above sea level, the nonforest soil of 15 degree of the gradient；This reality
It is wasteland to apply a nonforest soil selection.
S2, Soil K+adsorption, by the field cloth point sampling of selection, and carry out sample collection, with sealable poly- second after collection
Alkene or glass container are kept in dark place below 4 DEG C, and sample will be full of container, and sample is tested and analyzed, and testing result is soil
When earth capacity 1.0, PH6, index organic matter are 5wt%, meet the condition for carrying out illite soil improvement, because the choosing of conditioned soil
It is soil property and the gradient to take look first at, and fertile soil is optimal, and water retention property is good, 15 degree of the gradient, beneficial to draining, and such soil is
It is adapted to be improved with illite clay and its modifying agent, illite passivator, the present embodiment selection technique proving ground is such as
Shown in Fig. 1；
S3, illite soil improvement comprise the following steps：Rotary tillage, applies illite clay (raw ore), organic fertilizer, turns over
Green manuring crop, presses green manure, applies quick lime, repeatedly replaces rotary tillage, applies illite soil conditioner, turn over, soil sterilization, collection
In apply fertilizer to the subsoil (biological bacteria), add illite heavy metal deactivator, rotary tillage makees bed, cultivate, in more detail, illite soil
The detailed step of improvement is：
(1) by soil rotary tillage 35m, then dry 4 days；
(2) sandy soil and illite clay, soil (by the soil of rotary tillage), sandy soil and Erie are added into the soil after rotary tillage
The weight ratio of stone clay is 4：1：1, then rotary tillage is carried out, rotary tillage depth is 35cm, in order to provide ginseng in growth course
Needed for ground temperature, while improve soil in acid-base value, reached the soil environment of most suitable Ginseng Growth；
(3) apply organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer will be applied in the soil of step (2), organic fertilizer is collected into broad-leaf forest using spring
The leaf on ground, the thickness that leaf is layered on soil surface is 12cm, and is turned over, and ploughed depth is that 30cm causes organic fertilizer to disperse
In soil；
(4) plantation purple perilla, common perilla carry out soil as pressure green manure and fattened in the soil after applying organic fertilizer, purple perilla, white
Soviet Union's selection direct rotary tillage when blooming in soil, is planted corn in Second Year spring in the ground of rotary tillage, grown in corn
One meter or so, corn balloonflower root and soil are sufficiently stirred for rotary cultivator again, the purpose fattened is to provide for ginseng in soil
Fertility needed for growth；
(5) apply 13 kgs/acre of quick lime, longitudinally, laterally replace rotary tillage 3 times then along field, depth is 35cm；
(6) illite soil conditioner is applied into soil, every mu takes 120 jin to be sprinkled upon in soil, the illite soil
Include the component of following parts by weight in modifying agent：18 parts of illite powder, 3 parts of gypsum, 2 parts of local method sulphur, then by soil
Turn over；
(7) by the soil after turning in the case of sunlight is preferable, irradiate 5 days, soil is entered using the ultraviolet of sunlight
Row sterilizing；
(8) concentrate and apply bio-bacterial manure, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, gel-shaped gemma bar are contained in bio-bacterial manure
Bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus laterosporus, Streptomyces jingyangensis, aspergillus oryzae；Her is added into soil
Sharp stone heavy metal deactivator, addition is 3 kilograms every mu, and the illite heavy metal deactivator contains illite powder and shaddock
Skin powder, weight ratio is 4：1；
(9) soil is subjected to rotary tillage again.
S4, furrow are done, the standard for doing furrow is：The width selection 1.80m of furrow, spreads out into 40cm thickness, work road wide 95cm, every zhang
Need to need 2.5 arch bars on 5 piles, stake.
S5, sowing, the time of the present embodiment selection sowing is April 18 spring, and every mu takes 125 jin of illites prior to seeding
Powder is sprinkled upon in furrow face, rotary tillage, and often row chooses 35 plants to live ginseng, line-spacing 17cm, chooses the ginseng seed sent out out to shakeout
Sowed on native Gansu Province, after planting levelling furrow face.
It S6, can put up a shed after planting, set up shed, first hang shade net, enclosed before ginseng is emerged after people's moduli fixes
, the beginning of September, which removes shade net, can meet the illumination needed for Ginseng Growth.
The sterilization that carries out disinfection can be sufficiently stirred in furrow face with illite soil conditioner before S7, transplanting, furrow face is looked for
Flat to transplant, it is 20 days April in spring of Second Year to transplant selection time, and often row selects 30 plants, and line-spacing is 20cm, again furrow face
It is levelling.
S8, field management specific method it is as follows：
1st, sending 80 ℅ in ginseng-leaf can carry out spraying bactericide, in 8 days repeat spraying bactericide；
2nd, while uprooting weed in time, annual to need 4 times；
3rd, preventing disease and pest；
4th, it is sun-proof：1. adjusting the illumination in ginseng canopy, eaves length is suitable before and after ginseng canopy, and ceiling shade will appropriateness.2. the summer
Ji Wendu is high, and illumination is strong, can before and after ginseng canopy curtain；
5th, humid control：Can be 7 in the case of the moisture according to needed for the humidity of soil adjusts Ginseng Growth in time, such as water shortage
Rain is put in month last selection in good time, and moderate rain is optimal, and rain must be put, and timely lid canopy and is sprayed after rain；
6th, draining：Note cleaning out a drain in the even rainy day, in case ginseng is by damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.
7th, the management of ginseng seed is stayed：Work of sheltering from heat or light is carried out before ginseng is bloomed, in case sunlight can influence very much to join the growth of seed enough
And development.
S9, harvesting., can be clear with clear water after decortication using machine washing ginseng seed de- pericarp in the ginseng seed of No. 15 harvesting ripes of August
Wash 5 times, carrying out drying of drying in the shade, drying the ginseng seed that can ferment for 5 days.
Embodiment 3
A kind of utilization illite improved soil and the method for planting ginseng, comprise the following steps：
S1, selection north latitude 40-44 degree, east longitude 125-131 degree, 1000 meters of height above sea level, the nonforest soil of 15 degree of the gradient；This reality
It is farmland to apply a nonforest soil selection.
S2, Soil K+adsorption, by the field cloth point sampling of selection, and carry out sample collection, with sealable poly- second after collection
Alkene or glass container are kept in dark place below 4 DEG C, and sample will be full of container, and sample is tested and analyzed, and testing result is soil
Earth capacity 1.0, PH 5.5, index organic matter are 3.1wt%, meet illite soil improvement condition, because the selection of conditioned soil
What is looked first at is soil property and the gradient, and fertile soil is optimal, and water retention property is good, 15 degree of the gradient, beneficial to draining, and such soil is just fitted
Close and improved with illite clay and its modifying agent, illite passivator；
S3, illite soil improvement comprise the following steps：Rotary tillage, applies illite clay (raw ore), organic fertilizer, turns over
Green manuring crop, presses green manure, applies quick lime, repeatedly replaces rotary tillage, applies illite soil conditioner, turn over, soil sterilization, collection
In apply fertilizer to the subsoil (biological bacteria), add illite heavy metal deactivator, rotary tillage makees bed, cultivate, in more detail, illite soil
The detailed step of improvement is：
(1) by soil rotary tillage 40cm, then dry 4 days；
(2) sandy soil and illite clay, soil (by the soil of rotary tillage), sandy soil and Erie are added into the soil after rotary tillage
The weight ratio of stone clay is 4：1：1, then rotary tillage is carried out, rotary tillage depth is 40cm, in order to provide ginseng in growth course
Needed for ground temperature, antibacterial, water conservation etc., while improving the acid-base value in soil, reached the soil ring of most suitable Ginseng Growth
Border；
(3) apply organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer will be applied in the soil of step (2), organic fertilizer is collected into broad-leaf forest using spring
The leaf on ground, the thickness that leaf is layered on soil surface is 11cm, and is turned over, and ploughed depth is that 25cm causes organic fertilizer to disperse
In soil；
(4) plantation purple perilla, common perilla carry out soil as pressure green manure and fattened in the soil after applying organic fertilizer, purple perilla, white
Soviet Union's selection direct rotary tillage when blooming in soil, corn is planted in the ground of rotary tillage, one meter or so is grown in corn, again
Corn balloonflower root and soil are sufficiently stirred for rotary cultivator, the purpose fattened is to provide in soil the fertilizer needed for Ginseng Growth
Power；
(5) apply 15 kgs/acre of quick lime, longitudinally, laterally replace rotary tillage 3 times then along field, depth is 40cm；
(6) illite soil conditioner is applied into soil, every mu takes 150 jin to be sprinkled upon in soil, the illite soil
Include the component of following parts by weight in modifying agent：25 parts of illite powder, 5 parts of gypsum, 3 parts of local method sulphur, then by soil
Turn over；
(7) by the soil after turning in the case of sunlight is preferable, irradiate 4 days, soil is entered using the ultraviolet of sunlight
Row sterilizing；Concentration applies bio-bacterial manure, and bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, gel-shaped gemma bar are contained in bio-bacterial manure
Bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus laterosporus, Streptomyces jingyangensis, aspergillus oryzae, wherein, bacillus subtilis
Bacterium increase crop anti-adversity, fixed nitrogen, bacillus megaterium phosphorus decomposing (phosphobacteria), the work(with organophosphor in good degraded soil
Effect, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering potassium decomposing discharges micro- in solvable phosphorus potassium element and calcium, sulphur, magnesium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese etc., Soviet Union
Cloud gold Bacillus insecticidal (including root-knot nematode), there is specific cytotoxicity, side spore gemma to arthropods such as Lepidopteras
Bacillus：Promoting root growth, sterilization and degraded heavy metal, colloid bacillus cereus have Soluble phosphorus, Potassium release and fixed nitrogen function, secrete a variety of enzymes, enhancing
Resistance of the crop to some diseases；Streptomyces jingyangensis has enhancing soil fertility, stimulates the ability of plant growth, and aspergillus oryzae makes
Organic matter in stalk turns into the nutrition needed for plant growth, improves the soil organism, improves soil texture.
(8) illite heavy metal deactivator is added into soil, addition is 2.5 kilograms every mu, the illite huge sum of money
Category passivator contains illite powder and pomelo peel powder, and weight ratio is 5：1；
(9) soil is subjected to rotary tillage again.
S4, furrow are done, the standard for doing furrow is：The width selection 1.78m of furrow, spreads out into 38cm thickness, the wide 60-80cm of work road,
Every zhang needs to need 2.5 arch bars on 5 piles, stake.
S5, sowing, the time of the sowing of the present embodiment is April 20 spring, and every mu takes 150 jin of illite powders prior to seeding
End is sprinkled upon in furrow face, rotary tillage, and often row chooses 42 plants to live ginseng, line-spacing 18cm, chooses the ginseng seed sent out out to shakeout soil
Sowed on Gansu Province, after planting levelling furrow face.
It S6, can put up a shed after planting, set up shed, first hang shade net, enclosed before ginseng is emerged after people's moduli fixes
, the beginning of September, which removes shade net, can meet the illumination needed for Ginseng Growth.
The sterilization that carries out disinfection can be sufficiently stirred in furrow face with illite soil conditioner before S7, transplanting, furrow face is looked for
It is flat to transplant, transplanted in April 23 spring, 30 plants of often row selection, line-spacing is 20cm, again that furrow face is levelling.
S8, field management specific method it is as follows：
1st, sending 70 ℅ in ginseng-leaf can carry out spraying bactericide, in 7 days repeat spraying bactericide；
2nd, while uprooting weed in time, at least needs 3 times every year；
3rd, preventing disease and pest；
4th, it is sun-proof：1. adjusting the illumination in ginseng canopy, eaves length is suitable before and after ginseng canopy, and ceiling shade will appropriateness.2. the summer
Ji Wendu is high, and illumination is strong, can before and after ginseng canopy curtain；
5th, humid control：Can be 7 in the case of the moisture according to needed for the humidity of soil adjusts Ginseng Growth in time, such as water shortage
Rain is put in month last selection in good time, and moderate rain is optimal, and rain must be put, and timely lid canopy and is sprayed after rain；
6th, draining：Note cleaning out a drain in the even rainy day, in case ginseng is by damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.
7th, the management of ginseng seed is stayed：Work of sheltering from heat or light is carried out before ginseng is bloomed, in case sunlight can influence very much to join the growth of seed enough
And development.
S9, harvesting.The ginseng seed of No. 12 harvesting ripes of August, can be cleaned using machine washing ginseng seed de- pericarp after decortication with clear water
4 times, drying of drying in the shade is being carried out, the ginseng seed that can ferment for 4 days is dried.
Comparative example
Inventor has carried out contrast test, regard one piece of proving ground random division shown in Fig. 1 as experimental plot.The experiment
Field uses conventional methods progress soil improvement substantially following steps：
1st, organic matter is increased, (30-40 centimeters) rotary tillage (green leisure) is repeatedly ploughed deeply：(1) rotation organic fertilizer or straw-returning；
(2) green manuring；(3) rotary tillage is repeatedly ploughed deeply：Number of times, depth, direction, replace anyhow, note damage caused by a drought, rainy season.
2nd, sterilization and disinfestation, (1) repeatedly ploughs deeply rotary tillage (pressure green manure), (2) rotary tillage quick lime, preferably soil acid adjustment, morning；(3) medicine
Agent is handled, conventional：Apply carbendazim, hymexazol and phoxim：The 8-9 months are complete with biological bacteria.
3rd, concentrate apply fertilizer to the subsoil, introduce beneficial organism bacterium, soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, before bedding with two ammoniums, potassium sulfate, calcium and magnesium phosphorus and fertilizer,
Biological bacteria, fermentation organic fertilizer.Non-forest land Special fertilizer for ginseng, ferment bacterium, bacillus etc..
Contrasted with the method for embodiment 2.
Cultivation time is contrasted：
In soil improvement Second Year, after planting germination percentage is 10% or so to comparative example, hence it is evident that do not meet the mark of ginseng planting
Standard, germination percentage just reaches 75% or so after the 3rd year.
Embodiment 2 is sowed in soil improvement Second Year, and germination percentage reaches 83%.
Illustrate that the soil improvement method that embodiment 2 is provided can greatly improve the improved effect of soil, shorten Cultivation time.
Ginseng-leaf growing way is contrasted：
As shown in Fig. 2 for the ginseng-leaf growing way (A) of the comparative example improved soil cultivation of shooting on June 12nd, 2016, implementing
The ginseng-leaf growing way (B) of the improved soil of example 2 cultivation.
It can substantially contrast and find out from figure, the ginseng-leaf growing way of the improved soil of embodiment 2 cultivation is more preferable, blade more enriching
It is close.
Ginseng yield comparison：
As shown in figure 3, changing for the ginseng (A) of the comparative example improved soil cultivation of shooting on October 4th, 2016, embodiment 2
The ginseng (B) of good soil cultivation.
From the graph, it is apparent that the ginseng roots of the improved soil of embodiment 2 cultivation are more sturdy, corresponding yield
It is higher.
Finally it should be noted that：Various embodiments above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments for pipe, it will be understood by those within the art that：Its according to
The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, or which part or all technical characteristic are entered
Row equivalent substitution；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention technology
The scope of scheme, it all should cover among the claim of the present invention and the scope of specification.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of utilization illite improved soil and the method for planting ginseng, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：First, addressing,
Selection of land；2nd, Soil K+adsorption；3rd, illite soil improvement；4th, furrow are done, five, sowing；6th, cool canopy is set up；7th, transplant；8th, field
Between manage；9th, harvest.
2. a kind of utilization illite improved soil as claimed in claim 1 and the method for planting ginseng, it is characterised in that selection
North latitude 40-44 degree, east longitude 125-131 degree, 100-1000 meters of height above sea level, the nonforest soil of 15 degree of the gradient.
3. a kind of utilization illite improved soil as claimed in claim 2 and the method for planting ginseng, it is characterised in that non-woods
Ground soil includes wasteland or farmland.
4. a kind of utilization illite improved soil as claimed in claim 1 and the method for planting ginseng, it is characterised in that soil
During detection, by the field cloth point sampling of selection, and sample collection is carried out, existed after collection with sealable polyethylene or glass container
Less than 4 DEG C are kept in dark place, sample will be full of container, sample is tested and analyzed, testing result be volume weight of soils 0.9-1.0,
PH 5.5-6.5, index organic matter can just carry out illite soil improvement step when being more than 3wt%.
5. a kind of utilization illite improved soil as claimed in claim 1 and the method for planting ginseng, it is characterised in that Erie
Stone soil improvement comprises the following steps：Rotary tillage, applies illite clay, organic fertilizer, turns over green manuring crop, presses green manure,
Apply quick lime, repeatedly replace rotary tillage, apply illite soil conditioner, turn over, soil sterilization, concentration applies fertilizer to the subsoil, add illite
Bed is made in heavy metal deactivator, rotary tillage, cultivation.
6. a kind of utilization illite improved soil as claimed in claim 5 and the method for planting ginseng, it is characterised in that Erie
The detailed step of stone soil improvement is：
(1) by 30~40cm of soil rotary tillage, then dry 3-5 days；
(2) sandy soil and illite clay are added into the soil after rotary tillage, the weight ratio of soil, sandy soil and illite clay is 4：
1：1, then carry out rotary tillage, rotary tillage depth is 30~40cm, in order to provide ginseng in the ground temperature needed for growth course, together
Acid-base value in Shi Gaishan soil, has reached the soil environment of most suitable Ginseng Growth；
(3) apply organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer will be applied in the soil of step (2), organic fertilizer is collected into broad-leaved forest land using spring
Leaf, the thickness that leaf is layered on soil surface is 10-12cm, and is turned over, and ploughed depth is that 20~30cm causes organic fertilizer
It is dispersed in soil；
(4) plantation purple perilla, common perilla are fattened as pressure green manure progress soil in the soil after applying organic fertilizer, purple perilla, common perilla choosing
The direct rotary tillage when blooming is selected in soil, to plant corn in the ground of rotary tillage in Second Year spring, one meter is grown in corn
Left and right, is again sufficiently stirred for corn balloonflower root and soil with rotary cultivator, and the purpose fattened is to provide for Ginseng Growth in soil
Required fertility；
(5) apply quick lime, longitudinally, laterally replace rotary tillage 3 times then along field, depth is 30-40cm；
(6) illite soil conditioner is applied into soil, every mu takes 100-150 jin to be sprinkled upon in soil, the illite soil
Include the component of following parts by weight in modifying agent：10-25 parts of illite powder, 2-5 parts of gypsum, 1-3 parts of local method sulphur, then
By Soil tillage；
(7) by the soil after turning in the case of sunlight is preferable, at least irradiate 3-5 days, using the ultraviolet of sunlight to soil
Carry out sterilizing；
(8) concentrate and apply bio-bacterial manure, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, Soviet Union are contained in bio-bacterial manure
Cloud gold bacillus, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus laterosporus, Streptomyces jingyangensis, aspergillus oryzae；Illite weight is added into soil
Matal deactivator, addition is every mu 2-3 kilograms, and the illite heavy metal deactivator contains illite powder and shaddock peel powder
End, weight ratio is 3-5：1；
(9) soil is subjected to rotary tillage again.
7. a kind of utilization illite improved soil as claimed in claim 1 and the method for planting ginseng, it is characterised in that do furrow
Standard be：Width selection 1.75m~1.80m of furrow, spreads out into 35-40cm thickness, the wide 90~100cm of work road, every zhang of needs 5
2.5 arch bars are needed on pile, stake.
8. a kind of utilization illite improved soil as claimed in claim 1 and the method for planting ginseng, it is characterised in that sowing
Time be-20 days on the 15th April of spring, every mu takes 100-150 jin of illite powder to be sprinkled upon in furrow face prior to seeding, rotary tillage, directly
Broadcasting ginseng, often row chooses 30~42 plants, and 16~18cm of line-spacing chooses the ginseng seed sent out out and sowed to shakeout on native Gansu Province,
After planting levelling furrow face.
9. a kind of utilization illite improved soil as claimed in claim 1 and the method for planting ginseng, it is characterised in that transplant
Preceding utilization illite powder is uniformly sprinkling upon furrow face and carried out disinfection sterilization, can transplant furrow face is levelling, transplanting time is April in spring
15~23 days, 25~30 plants of often row selection, line-spacing is 18~20cm, again that furrow face is levelling.
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| CN108401600A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-08-17 | 丽江星宇生物开发有限公司 | A kind of Chinese medicine planting soil modification method |
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| CN109451910A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-12 | 垚励鑫生态治理有限公司 | A kind of farmland acidified soil changes sour method |
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