CN107023042B - Dynamic loading device for pile bearing towering structure model test - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of test equipment for buildings, and relates to a dynamic loading device for a pile bearing towering structure model test, wherein the rail-mounted gear horizontal dynamic loading device comprises a driving force application gear, a driven force application gear, a mass block, a transmission shaft, a transmission gear, a speed regulating motor loading system, a numerical control annular rail and a clamping plate type tray; the column-shaped tray replaces a clamping plate type tray and a sliding cradle head and an annular rail of the numerical control annular rail; the pile-supported high-rise structure loading simulation device is simple in structure, convenient to operate, low in cost, small in occupied space, capable of providing vertical loading and 360-degree real-time variable horizontal cyclic loading, capable of simulating the coupling effect of various loads, and capable of simulating the loading condition of a pile-supported high-rise structure more truly.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of test equipment for buildings, and relates to a dynamic loading device for a pile bearing high-rise structure model test.
Background art:
along with the rapid development of the engineering technology in China, various types of high-rise structures appear, the high-rise structures refer to structures with large height and relatively small cross sections, the foundation forms of the high-rise structures are mostly pile foundations, and not only can the high-rise structures bear vertical loads during service, but also horizontal loads are the main basis of structural design of the high-rise structures. The field experiment test is used for researching the pile-supported high-rise structure, but the development is difficult due to the defects of long period, large test investment, multiple influence factors and the like, so the indoor model test is an important technical means for researching the stress performance of the pile-supported high-rise structure. The loading system is an indispensable important component in a model test and provides the pile foundation with penetration power and load during service. The traditional loading mode mostly ignores the spatial variability of load, the load is intensively applied to a mass point, only the cyclic load in a certain direction can be applied independently, the load condition of a pile foundation in the service period can not be truly simulated, and a reaction frame is required to provide loading reaction force. The reaction frame has the advantages of small flexibility, single loading direction, large occupied area and complex operation, increases the difficulty for developing a model test, and reduces the accuracy. Therefore, a dynamic loading device for a pile bearing high-rise structure model test needs to be developed and researched, so that the occupied space for the model test is saved, vertical loading and 360-degree real-time variable horizontal cyclic loading are provided, the coupling effect of various loads is simulated, and the loading condition of a pile body is simulated more truly.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a pile bearing high-rise structure model test power loading device which comprises a rail type gear horizontal power loading device and a gear vertical power loading device, wherein the power generated by the vertical loading device can enable a pile body to penetrate to a specified position according to test requirements, 1 to more than one horizontal power loading device can be simultaneously installed, different directions and different loading frequencies are simulated, the coupling of multiple horizontal loads with different characteristics is realized, and the possibility is provided for truly simulating the loading condition of a pile bearing high-rise structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the main structure of the invention is formed by installing a track type gear horizontal power loading device and a gear vertical power loading device on a tower frame, wherein the tower frame simulates an upper part high-rise structure, the track type gear horizontal power loading device comprises an active force application gear, a passive force application gear, a mass block, a transmission shaft, a transmission gear, a speed regulation motor loading system, a numerical control annular track and a splint type tray, the active force application gear and the passive force application gear which have the same structure are mutually meshed to form a force application gear pair, the active force application gear and the passive force application gear are symmetrically and respectively provided with the mass block, the transmission gear and the active force application gear are mutually meshed, and the force application gear pair and the transmission gear form a gear set; the speed regulating motor loading system comprises a micro motor, a high-strength alloy box, a digital display speed regulator and a power supply, wherein the power supply is connected with the micro motor, the micro motor is placed in the high-strength alloy box and is arranged below a gear set, the micro motor is meshed with a transmission shaft, the micro motor is connected with the digital display speed regulator and is used for controlling the rotating speed, and the ratio of the number displayed on the digital display speed regulator to the speed ratio of the micro motor is the rotating speed omega of the motor; the numerical control circular track comprises a circular track, a sliding cradle head, a track lithium battery and a touch screen controller, wherein the track lithium battery and the touch screen controller are respectively connected with the circular track; the upper part of the splint type tray is rigidly connected with the numerical control annular track and is fixedly arranged on the tower frame by bolts and nuts; the gear vertical power loading device comprises a force application gear pair, a mass block, a transmission gear, a transmission shaft, a speed regulating motor loading system and a cylindrical tray, wherein the force application gear pair, the mass block, the transmission gear, the transmission shaft and the speed regulating motor loading system are all the same as the rail type gear horizontal power loading device; the cylindrical tray replaces a sliding cradle head, an annular track and a clamping plate type tray, and the gear set and the speed regulating motor loading system are vertically installed on the cylindrical tray.
The base radius of the driving force application gear and the base radius of the driven force application gear are both 6cm, the tooth top height is 1cm, the number of teeth is 36, and the driving force application gear drives the driven force application gear to rotate at the same speed.
The rotating radius of the mass block is 4cm, the gravity center of the mass block is not overlapped with the gravity center of the gear, a centrifugal force is applied to the gear along with the rotation, the centrifugal force is in the same direction as the centripetal force applied to the mass block by the gear, the centripetal force is decomposed to the directions of an x axis and a y axis, the forces in the x direction are mutually counteracted, the forces in the y axis direction are mutually superposed, when the masses of the two mass blocks are the same, the resultant force in the x axis direction is zero, and only the force F mutually superposed by the y axis is remainedy＝2mrω2sin theta can change the magnitude of the applied power by changing the magnitude of the mass block m and the magnitude of the rotating speed omega to realize the variability of the magnitude of the power loading, wherein theta is the included angle between the centripetal force and the force in the x direction.
The base radius of the transmission gear is 3cm, the tooth top height is 1cm, the number of teeth is 9, the transmission gear is meshed with the driving force application gear, and the transmission shaft provides rotating force to drive the driving force application gear to rotate.
The radius of the annular track of the numerical control annular track is 20cm, the sliding track, the stopping position and the stopping time of the cradle head are preset by the touch screen controller according to the characteristics of real load, and the numerical control annular track is simple in control interface principle and convenient to operate; the rotating speed omega of the sliding cradle head can reach 1 r/6 s at the fastest speed, can reach 1 r/60 days at the slowest speed, and has a large simulative load range.
The tower disclosed by the invention is a hollow steel pipe with the outer diameter of 120mm and the wall thickness of 5mm, and can be in threaded connection with the top of an external model pile.
The cylindrical tray has the outer diameter of 120mm and the wall thickness of 5mm, can be in threaded connection with the top of a tower frame, and provides vertical power for penetration and vertical load during service for a pile foundation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: firstly, the installation of a reaction frame of the traditional loading device is saved, the cost is low, the occupied space is small, the field flexibility is large, and the operation is easy; secondly, the speed regulating motor loading system calculates the rotating speed according to the force applied by the test, and the digital display controller controls and regulates the rotating speed, so that the applied cyclic load is stable; thirdly, the gear set of the horizontal power loading device can rotate on the numerical control circular track for 360 degrees in real time, the defect that the traditional loading rod can only apply circulating load in a certain direction is overcome, and loads with large space variability such as wind load, wave load and the like can be simulated more truly and effectively; the installation of the rail type horizontal power loading device on the tower is not limited by the number and the positions, the positions of the sliding tripod heads on the annular rail can be respectively controlled, and the coupling effect of horizontal loads with different characteristics and different directions can be effectively simulated; fifthly, vertical load applied by the vertical power loading device can be coupled with horizontal load, and real-time variable three-dimensional load is provided for the pile bearing high-rise structure; the pile-supported high-rise structure loading simulation device is simple in structure, convenient to operate, low in cost, small in occupied space, capable of providing vertical loading and 360-degree real-time variable horizontal cyclic loading, capable of simulating the coupling effect of various loads, and capable of simulating the loading condition of a pile-supported high-rise structure more truly.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the main structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of a speed regulating motor loading system and a numerical control circular track according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a force application schematic of the gear set of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example (b):
the main structure of the embodiment is formed by installing a track type gear horizontal power loading device and a gear vertical power loading device on a tower frame 10, wherein the track type gear horizontal power loading device comprises an active force application gear 1, a passive force application gear 2, a mass block 3, a transmission shaft 4, a transmission gear 5, a speed regulation motor loading system 6, a numerical control annular track 7 and a splint type tray 8, the active force application gear 1 and the passive force application gear 2 with the same structure are meshed with each other to form a force application gear pair, the active force application gear 1 and the passive force application gear 2 are symmetrically and respectively provided with the mass block 3, the transmission gear 5 is meshed with the active force application gear 1, and the force application gear pair and the transmission gear 5 form a gear set; the speed regulating motor loading system 6 comprises a micro motor 11, a high-strength alloy box 12, a digital display speed regulator 13 and a power supply 14, wherein the power supply 14 is connected with the micro motor 11, the micro motor 11 is placed in the high-strength alloy box 12 and is arranged below a gear set and is occluded with the transmission shaft 4, the micro motor 11 is connected with the digital display speed regulator 13 and is used for controlling the rotating speed, and the ratio of the number displayed on the digital display speed regulator 13 to the speed ratio of the micro motor 11 is the rotating speed omega of the motor; the numerical control annular track 7 comprises an annular track 15, a sliding cradle head 16, a track lithium battery 17 and a touch screen controller 18, wherein the track lithium battery 17 and the touch screen controller 18 are respectively connected with the annular track 15, the gear set and the speed regulating motor loading system 6 are placed on the sliding cradle head 16, and the sliding cradle head 16 is placed on the annular track 15; the upper part of the splint type tray 8 is rigidly connected with the numerical control annular track 7 and is fixedly arranged on the tower frame 10 by bolts and nuts; the gear vertical power loading device comprises a force application gear pair, a mass block, a transmission gear, a transmission shaft, a speed regulating motor loading system and a cylindrical tray 9, wherein the force application gear pair, the mass block, the transmission gear, the transmission shaft and the speed regulating motor loading system are all the same as the rail type gear horizontal power loading device; the cylindrical tray 9 replaces the sliding cradle head 16, the annular track 15 and the clamping plate type tray 8, and the gear set and the speed regulating motor loading system 6 are vertically arranged on the cylindrical tray 9.
In this embodiment, the base radius of the driving force application gear 1 and the driven force application gear 2 is 6cm, the tooth top height is 1cm, the number of teeth adopts 36 teeth, and the driving force application gear 1 drives the driven force application gear 2 to rotate at the same speed.
In this embodiment, the rotation radius of the mass block 3 is 4cm, the center of gravity of the mass block is not overlapped with the center of gravity of the gear, a centrifugal force is applied to the gear along with the rotation, the centrifugal force is in the same direction as the centripetal force applied to the mass block 3 by the gear, the centripetal force is decomposed into the directions of the x axis and the y axis, the forces in the x direction are mutually offset, the forces in the y axis are mutually overlapped, when the masses of the two mass blocks are the same, the resultant force in the x axis direction is zero, and only the force F mutually overlapped by the y axis remainsy＝2mrω2sin theta can change the applied power by changing the size of the mass block m and the size of the rotating speed omega to realize the variability of the power loading size, wherein theta is an included angle between the centripetal force and the force in the x direction.
This embodiment drive gear 5's base radius is 3cm, and the tooth top is 1cm, and the number of teeth adopts 9 teeth, with the interlock each other of initiative application of force gear 1 to thereby provide the rotation of revolving force and drive initiative application of force gear 1 by transmission shaft 4.
The radius of the circular track of the numerical control circular track is 20cm, the track, the stopping position and the stopping time of the pan-tilt sliding 16 are preset by the touch screen controller 18 according to the characteristics of real load, and the principle of a control interface is simple and convenient to operate; the rotating speed omega of the sliding cloud deck 16 can reach 1 r/6 s at the fastest speed, can reach 1 r/60 days at the slowest speed, and has a large simulated load range.
In this embodiment, the tower 10 is a hollow steel pipe with an outer diameter of 120mm and a wall thickness of 5mm, and can be connected with the top of an external model pile by screw threads.
In this embodiment the outer diameter of the cylindrical tray 9 is 120mm, the wall thickness is 5mm, and the cylindrical tray can be in threaded connection with the top of the tower 10 to provide the vertical power for the pile foundation to penetrate and the vertical load during service.
The dynamic loading device for the pile bearing towering structure model test comprises the following five steps when used for construction:
(1) production and manufacture of the multi-degree-of-freedom power loading device: manufacturing force application gear pairs and transmission gears 5 in batches according to the requirements of size and number, installing the force application gear pairs and the transmission gears 5 on a speed regulation motor loading system 6 according to the requirements, realizing the occlusion of a transmission shaft 4 and the transmission gears 5, the occlusion of the transmission gears 5 and an active force application gear 1, the occlusion of the active force application gear 1 and a passive force application gear 2, and installing mass blocks 3 at symmetrical positions of the active force application gear 1 and the passive force application gear 2; installing a gear set and a speed regulating motor loading system 6 on a cylindrical tray 9 to manufacture a gear vertical power loading device; a gear set and a speed regulating motor loading system 6 are arranged on a numerical control annular track 7 and are rigidly connected with a splint type tray 8 to manufacture the track type gear horizontal power loading device.
(2) Preparation of the test: installing a gear vertical power loading device at the top of a tower frame 10, installing a rail type gear horizontal power loading device at different positions of the tower frame 10 according to simulated load characteristics, installing the tower frame 10 at the top of a model pile, and fixing the model pile at a specified position of a model groove filled with sandy soil;
(3) pile body penetration: starting a gear vertical power loading device, and injecting a pile body into sandy soil to sink the pile according to test requirements;
(4) and (3) load test: after pile sinking is finished, the track type gear horizontal power loading device is started, the gear set position, the running track and the rotating speed of the gear of the track type gear horizontal power loading device are set according to the characteristics of the simulated load, and meanwhile, the rotating speed of the gear vertical power loading device is reset, so that the coupling effect of different loads of the pile bearing towering structure is simulated really and effectively.
Claims (7)
1. A pile bearing high-rise structure model test power loading device is characterized in that a main body structure is formed by installing a rail type gear horizontal power loading device and a gear vertical power loading device on a tower, the tower simulates an upper high-rise structure, and the rail type gear horizontal power loading device The numerical control circular track and the splint type tray are arranged on the rack, the rack comprises an active force application gear, a passive force application gear, a mass block, a transmission shaft, a transmission gear, a speed regulation motor loading system, a numerical control circular track and a splint type tray, the active force application gear and the passive force application gear which have the same structure are mutually meshed to form a force application gear pair, the active force application gear and the passive force application gear are symmetrically and respectively provided with the mass block, the transmission gear is mutually meshed with the active force application gear, and the force application gear pair and the transmission gear form a gear set; the speed regulating motor loading system comprises a micro motor, a high-strength alloy box, a digital display speed regulator and a power supply, wherein the power supply is connected with the micro motor, the micro motor is placed in the high-strength alloy box and is arranged below a gear set, the micro motor is meshed with a transmission shaft, the micro motor is connected with the digital display speed regulator and is used for controlling the rotating speed, and the ratio of the number displayed on the digital display speed regulator to the speed ratio of the micro motor is the rotating speed omega of the motor; the numerical control circular track comprises a circular track, a sliding cradle head, a track lithium battery and a touch screen controller, wherein the track lithium battery and the touch screen controller are respectively connected with the circular track; the upper part of the splint type tray is rigidly connected with the numerical control annular track and is fixedly arranged on the tower frame by bolts and nuts; the gear vertical power loading device comprises a force application gear pair, a mass block, a transmission gear, a transmission shaft, a speed regulating motor loading system and a cylindrical tray, wherein the force application gear pair, the mass block, the transmission gear, the transmission shaft and the speed regulating motor loading system are all the same as the rail type gear horizontal power loading device; the cylindrical tray replaces a sliding cradle head, an annular track and a clamping plate type tray, and the gear set and the speed regulating motor loading system are vertically arranged on the cylindrical tray; the rotating radius r of the mass block is 4cm, the gravity center of the mass block is not overlapped with the gravity center of the gear, a centrifugal force is applied to the gear along with the rotation, the centrifugal force is equal to and opposite to the centripetal force applied to the mass block by the gear, the centripetal force is decomposed to the directions of an x axis and a y axis, the forces in the x direction are mutually counteracted, the forces in the y axis direction are mutually superposed, when the masses of the two mass blocks are the same, the resultant force in the x axis direction is zero, and only the mutually superposed force F in the y axis is remained y＝2mrω2sin θ, can be obtained by changing the size of the mass m and the size of the rotation speed ωAnd the variability of the power loading magnitude is realized by changing the applied power magnitude, wherein theta is the included angle of the centripetal force and the x-direction force.
2. The dynamic loading device for the pile-supported high-rise structural model test according to claim 1, wherein the base radii of the driving force application gear and the driven force application gear are both 6cm, the tooth crest height is 1cm, the number of teeth is 36, and the driving force application gear drives the driven force application gear to rotate at the same speed.
3. The dynamic loading device for the pile-supported high-rise structural model test according to claim 1, wherein the radius of a base circle of the transmission gear is 3cm, the height of a tooth crest is 1cm, and the number of teeth is 9.
4. The dynamic loading device for the pile-supported high-rise structural model test according to claim 1, wherein the radius of the circular track of the numerical control circular track is 20cm, the sliding track, the stopping position and the stopping time of the sliding cradle head are preset by the touch screen controller according to the characteristics of real load, and the rotating speed omega of the sliding cradle head is 1 revolution/60 days-1 revolution/6 seconds.
5. The dynamic loading device for the pile-supported high-rise structural model test according to claim 1, wherein the tower is a hollow steel pipe with an outer diameter of 120mm and a wall thickness of 5mm, and can be in threaded connection with the top of an external model pile.
6. The dynamic loading device for the pile-supported high-rise structural model test according to claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of the cylindrical tray is 120mm, the wall thickness is 5mm, and the cylindrical tray can be in threaded connection with the top of the tower frame.
7. The pile-supported towering structure model test dynamic loading device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises the following five steps when used for construction:
(1) production and manufacture of the multi-degree-of-freedom power loading device: manufacturing a force application gear pair and a transmission gear in batches according to the requirements of size and number, installing the force application gear pair and the transmission gear on a speed regulation motor loading system according to the requirements, realizing the occlusion of a transmission shaft and the transmission gear, the occlusion of the transmission gear and an active force application gear, the occlusion of the active force application gear and a passive force application gear, and installing mass blocks at symmetrical positions of the active force application gear and the passive force application gear; installing a gear set and a speed regulating motor loading system on a cylindrical tray to manufacture a gear vertical power loading device; installing a gear set and a speed regulating motor loading system on a numerical control annular track, and then rigidly connecting the gear set and the speed regulating motor loading system with a splint type tray 8 to manufacture a track type gear horizontal power loading device;
(2) preparation of the test: installing a gear vertical power loading device at the top of a tower frame, installing a rail type gear horizontal power loading device at different positions of the tower frame according to simulated load characteristics, installing the tower frame at the top of a model pile, and fixing the model pile at a specified position of a mold groove filled with sandy soil;
(3) Pile body penetration: starting a gear vertical power loading device, and injecting the pile body into sandy soil to perform pile sinking according to test requirements;
(4) and (3) load test: after pile sinking is finished, the track type gear horizontal power loading device is started, the gear set position, the running track and the rotating speed of the gear of the track type gear horizontal power loading device are set according to the characteristics of the simulated load, and meanwhile, the rotating speed of the gear vertical power loading device is reset, so that the coupling effect of different loads of the pile bearing towering structure can be really and effectively simulated.
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| CN201710233032.XA CN107023042B (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2017-04-11 | Dynamic loading device for pile bearing towering structure model test |
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| CN111119257B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-08-04 | 青岛理工大学 | Pile top dynamic load simulation device and method |
| CN113653109A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-11-16 | 青岛理工大学 | Device and method for simulating horizontal dynamic load of pile top in field use |
Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5033298A (en) * | 1987-03-30 | 1991-07-23 | Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft Mbh | Process and an apparatus for testing spring-loaded elements having essentially linear pitch of spring |
| CN101846561A (en) * | 2010-06-18 | 2010-09-29 | 长沙理工大学 | Mollisol area friction pile load transference curve tester |
| WO2015188584A1 (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2015-12-17 | 深圳职业技术学院 | Electric wheel test bed |
| CN105372030A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2016-03-02 | 浙江大学 | Multi-direction cyclic loading device and method for offshore wind turbine support structure vibration tests |
| CN106193133A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-12-07 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of slope section bridge pile foundation three-dimensional stress model assay device |
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2017
- 2017-04-11 CN CN201710233032.XA patent/CN107023042B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5033298A (en) * | 1987-03-30 | 1991-07-23 | Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft Mbh | Process and an apparatus for testing spring-loaded elements having essentially linear pitch of spring |
| CN101846561A (en) * | 2010-06-18 | 2010-09-29 | 长沙理工大学 | Mollisol area friction pile load transference curve tester |
| WO2015188584A1 (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2015-12-17 | 深圳职业技术学院 | Electric wheel test bed |
| CN105277375A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2016-01-27 | 深圳职业技术学院 | Electric wheel comprehensive performance test bench |
| CN105372030A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2016-03-02 | 浙江大学 | Multi-direction cyclic loading device and method for offshore wind turbine support structure vibration tests |
| CN106193133A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-12-07 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of slope section bridge pile foundation three-dimensional stress model assay device |
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